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1
Rosenthal, Joseph, Ellen Bolotin, Anna Pawlowska, Cheryl Oliver, Sean Maroongroge, and Stephen Forman. "Association of Treatment with Sirolimus (SIR) and Calcineurin Inhibitor (CNI) for Prevention or Treatment of Graft-Vs-Host Disease (GVHD) with Transplant Associated Microangiopathy (TAM)." Blood 112, no. 11 (2008): 2219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.2219.2219.
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Abstract Sirolimus (SIR), an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), is an immunosuppressive agent that is synergistic with CNI to prevent or treat GVHD in patients (pts) undergoing allo-HST (Cutler, Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2004;10:328). Transplant associated microangiopathy (TAM) is a multi-factorial complication of allo- HST, associated with CNI. Recently, the addition of SIR to CNIs was reported to result in a higher than expected (10.8%) incidence of TAM (Cutler et al. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2005; 11:551). We analyzed the incidence and clinical characteristics of TAM in 2 groups of pediatric patients (pts): the prevention group (GP): pts who received SIR and tacrolimus (TAC) for prevention; and the treatment group (TG): pts treated with SIR and a CNI (TAC or cyclosporine) for exacerbation of GVHD. Methods: A retrospective chart review of pts with allo-HST who received SIR/TAC for either prevention or treatment of GVHD. Demographic data, clinical course, occurrence of GVHD and TAC and SIR levels were recorded. TAM was defined as serum creatinine (SCr) of ≥ 50% above baseline, elevated LDH levels (>X2 upper limit of normal), presence of schistocytes or persistence of nucleated red blood cells, and prolonged or progressive thrombocytopenia. For PG the risk period was defined between days −1 to +60 of HSC. The risk period for the TG was defined from the first day of SIR/TAC until day +30 after the last dose was given. Results: Records of 45 pts who were treated with SIR/TAC were reviewed. The median age of 21 patients in PG was 9.1 yr (2.9–22); male gender, n=13. The median age in 24 TG pts was14.7 yr (3.3–20.6); male gender, n= 11. Conditioning regimens consisted of TBI based regimens (64%), or chemotherapy only (36%). Diagnoses included ALL (40%), AML (27 %), NHL (9%), Fanconi’s (4 %), and other (9%). The median follow up for the surviving patients is 28.6 months. TAM criteria were met in 15 ( 30%) patients who received SIR/TAC, 5 PG pts (23.8%) and 10 TG pts ( 41.6%). Two PG patients died from multi-organ failure (MOF) related to other reasons (VOD, n=1 and multi-organism infection, n=1). Both pts had hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), possibly contributing to MOF. One patient developed seizures secondary to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) as a complication of TAM. TAC and SIR levels were within the desired range (WDR, (≤10 ng/ml, for each) in this patient and signs and symptoms of TAM and TTP resolved after discontinuation of both TAC and SIR. In 2 patients TAM findings were asymptomatic, without progression to HUS or TTP. SIR/TAC levels in these patients were all WDR. Among 10 TG pts that met TAM criteria, 2 pts progressed to HUS and one developed severe TTP. All 3 patients with complicated TAM died (HUS, n=1, MOF, n=1, and idiopathic pneumonitis, n=1). Two of the pts with laboratory, but not clinically apparent TAM died (invasive fungal infection, n=1, IP n=1). In all TG pts with TAM either TAC (n=7) or SIR (n=6) levels exceeded WDR. To identify possible risk factors for TAM, the following parameters were analyzed: age, conditioning regimen, disease type, degree of HLA match. In the PG, only organ failure or high-grade GVHD could be identified as risk factors. In the TG, TAC or SIR levels exceeding WDR, in addition to ac GVHD or chronic GVHD present in all patients, were associated with an increased risk for clinical significant TAM. Conclusion: Organ damage, either by acute GVHD or from other reasons may contribute to development of clinically significant TAM in pts undergoing allo-HST treated with SIR plus CNI. Monitoring TAC or SIR levels and early diagnosis of TAM may prove to be critical in patients with progressive organ damage of GVHD.
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Nau, Jean-Yves. "Tam-tam etTamiflu." Revue Médicale Suisse 1, no. 43 (2005): 2827. http://dx.doi.org/10.53738/revmed.2005.1.43.2827.
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Lu, Yongtao, Yiqian He, Weiteng Li, Zhuoyue Yang, Ruifei Peng, and Li Yu. "Comparison of Biomechanical Performance of Five Different Treatment Approaches for Fixing Posterior Pelvic Ring Injury." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2020 (January 22, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5379593.
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Background. A large number of pelvic injuries are seriously unstable, with mortality rates reaching 19%. Approximately 60% of pelvic injuries are related to the posterior pelvic ring. However, the selection of a fixation method for a posterior pelvic ring injury remains a challenging problem for orthopedic surgeons. The aim of the present study is to investigate the biomechanical performance of five different fixation approaches for posterior pelvic ring injury and thus provide guidance on the choice of treatment approach in a clinical setting. Methods. A finite element (FE) model, including the L3-L5 lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, and full pelvis, was created from CT images of a healthy adult. Tile B and Tile C types of pelvic fractures were created in the model. Five different fixation methods for fixing the posterior ring injury (PRI) were simulated: TA1 (conservative treatment), TA2 (S1 screw fixation), TA3 (S1 + S2 screw fixation), TA4 (plate fixation), and TA5 (modified triangular osteosynthesis). Based on the fixation status (fixed or nonfixed) of the anterior ring and the fixation method for PRI, 20 different FE models were created. An upright standing loading scenario was simulated, and the resultant displacements at the sacroiliac joint were compared between different models. Results. When TA5 was applied, the resultant displacements at the sacroiliac joint were the smallest (1.5 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.6 mm, and 1.7 mm) for all the injury cases. The displacements induced by TA3 and TA2 were similar to those induced by TA5. TA4 led to larger displacements at the sacroiliac joint (2.3 mm, 2.4 mm, 4.8 mm, and 4.9 mm), and TA1 was the worst case (3.1 mm, 3.2 mm, 6.3 mm, and 6.5 mm). Conclusions. The best internal fixation method for PRI is the triangular osteosynthesis approach (TA5), followed by S1 + S2 screw fixation (TA3), S1 screw fixation (TA2), and plate fixation (TA4).
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Treiber, Nicolas. "L’ensemble Kaloum Tam-Tam." Hommes & migrations, no. 1325 (April 1, 2019): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/hommesmigrations.9157.
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Van Leeckwyck, Robin. "La campagne TAM TAM." Courrier hebdomadaire du CRISP 2448-2449, no. 3 (2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cris.2448.0005.
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Haseeb, Abdul, and Véronique Lefebvre. "The SOXE transcription factors—SOX8, SOX9 and SOX10—share a bi-partite transactivation mechanism." Nucleic Acids Research 47, no. 13 (2019): 6917–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz523.
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Abstract SOX8, SOX9 and SOX10 compose the SOXE transcription factor group. They govern cell fate and differentiation in many lineages, and mutations impairing their activity cause severe diseases, including campomelic dysplasia (SOX9), sex determination disorders (SOX8 and SOX9) and Waardenburg-Shah syndrome (SOX10). However, incomplete knowledge of their modes of action limits disease understanding. We here uncover that the proteins share a bipartite transactivation mechanism, whereby a transactivation domain in the middle of the proteins (TAM) synergizes with a C-terminal one (TAC). TAM comprises amphipathic α-helices predicted to form a protein-binding pocket and overlapping with minimal transactivation motifs (9-aa-TAD) described in many transcription factors. One 9-aa-TAD sequence includes an evolutionarily conserved and functionally required EΦ[D/E]QYΦ motif. SOXF proteins (SOX7, SOX17 and SOX18) contain an identical motif, suggesting evolution from a common ancestor already harboring this motif, whereas TAC and other transactivating SOX proteins feature only remotely related motifs. Missense variants in this SOXE/SOXF-specific motif are rare in control individuals, but have been detected in cancers, supporting its importance in development and physiology. By deepening understanding of mechanisms underlying the central transactivation function of SOXE proteins, these findings should help further decipher molecular networks essential for development and health and dysregulated in diseases.
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Petrošius, Donatas. "Trečiasis semiotikos išsižadėjimas." Semiotika 16 (December 30, 2021): XIII. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/semiotika.2021.18.
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Kęstučiui Nastopkai
 Protagonistas šiemet nieko neparašė. Sausra, pusiaunudžiūvęs slyvmedis, poetas, ne klasikas, bet gyvas.Geria per mažai vandens, nebegauna laiškų. Už tai irnegauna, kad. Visko gyvenime matė, daugiau nebenoribūti kritiku. Eis tiesiai prie veidrodžio, ims skustuvą.Bet ir čia jau būta kažkieno gerokai anksčiau už mus.Veidrodyje pakabino paveikslą iš knygos. Rėmų vidurydažų sluoksniai nuskutinėti. Visi. Vaikiška akis iš tenakimirką šypteli. Poetas daug dirbo šią vasarą. Krosnįnugriovė pats. Protagonistas tuo metu kažkur dalyvavo.Grįžo su barzda, o veidrodis jau be rėmų, vasara kažkurpasiliko neatsakingai išeikvota. Astronominiai ženklai,vėlyba vakarinė kava, nervai. Savo vietose. Menastrumpas, įrėmintas, o gyvenimas – visoks. Amžinos tikstruktūros. Paskolinkit valandai protagonistui Greimokaukolę. Tą tikrąją, tą vienintelę. Ne Algirdo, ne Juliaus,o va tą – su kvadratinėmis akiduobėmis. Tada jis, tadajis tam poetui, tada jis tam vaikui ir tam sautam vaikui ir tam poetuitada jis – tam sau
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Evans, R., and T. Duffy. "The immunological basis of tumor rejection: the absolute dependence of the effector arm on sensitized T cells after chemoimmunotherapy of a murine sarcoma." Journal of Immunology 134, no. 6 (1985): 4255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.134.6.4255.
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Abstract The mechanisms of tumor rejection were investigated by using a therapeutic model system involving treatment of C57BL/6J (B6) mice bearing the syngeneic MCA/76-9 or the unrelated MCA/76-64 sarcomas with cytoxan and tumor-sensitized T lymphocytes. Separated tumor-associated T lymphocytes (TAL) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) isolated from the regressing tumors 8 to 10 days after combination therapy expressed relatively specific cytotoxicity in vitro, whereas the unseparated tumor-associated cells (TAC), consisting of a mixture of TAL and TAM, expressed nonspecific cytotoxicity. TAM-mediated cytotoxicity was not dependent on the presence of TAL, as shown by T cell depletion of TAM or TAC cultures with the use of monoclonal anti-Thy-1 or anti-Lyt-2 antibody and complement. In contrast, the nonspecific cytotoxicity was dependent on the presence of T cells. In vivo assays using the Winn test failed to confirm certain aspects of the in vitro data. Without exception, the TAC inhibited tumor growth in an immunologically specific manner, having no effect on the growth of the unrelated B6 sarcoma. T cell depletion completely abrogated in vivo cytotoxicity. Specificity of tumor growth inhibition was confirmed in a bystander experiment in which TAC were mixed with both tumor cell types and were injected into recipient B6 mice. Tumors grew under these conditions, but the tumor that grew consisted only of those tumor cells toward which TAC cytotoxicity was not specifically directed. A bioassay indicated that the specifically immune antitumor effects at the site of regression were initiated between days 3 and 7 after combination therapy. By days 7 and 9, few tumorigenic stem cells could be detected at the tumor site. However, T cell depletion of the TAC isolated on days 8 to 10 resulted in enhanced tumor growth when the depleted TAC were injected into recipient mice. The conclusions reached were that tumor rejection was absolutely dependent on T cell participation at the tumor site, and that if TAM were involved, they required the presence of TAL and did not express nonspecific antitumor cytotoxicity. Indeed, the accelerated tumor growth seen in the absence of TAL suggested the possibility that TAM were growth stimulatory.
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Zhou, Tong, Ling Liu, and Calton Pu. "TAM." ACM SIGMOD Record 28, no. 2 (1999): 571–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/304181.304580.
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Karmini, Ni Nyoman. "Nilai-Nilai Budaya Dalam Tam Tam." Mudra Jurnal Seni Budaya 34, no. 1 (2019): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31091/mudra.v34i1.630.
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Tam Tam merupakan karya sastra Bali tradisional berbentuk geguritan. Geguritan memiliki sistem konvensi yang khas, yakni menggunakan pupuh. Setiap pupuh memiliki fungsi, dani padalingsa. Dalam tulisan ini, Geguritan Tam Tam dijadikan objek penelitian. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah mengenai nilai-nilai budaya dalam Tam Tam. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif sekaligus penelitian sastra yang dilaksanakan di perpustakaan. Data diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode dokumentasi dengan teknik catat. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan metode hermeneutika. Hasil penelitiannya, ditemukan banyak sekali nilai budaya yang termuat dalam Tam Tam dan implisit di dalamnya tentang hukum karma phala.
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Sebastianelli, Arcangelo, Pietro Spatafora, Jacopo Frizzi, et al. "Tadalafil 5 mg Alone or in Combination with Tamsulosin 0.4 mg for the Management of Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Erectile Dysfunction: Results of a Prospective Observational Trial." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 8 (2019): 1126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8081126.
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Tadalafil 5 mg represents the standard for men with Erectile dysfunction (ED) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)/benign prostatic enlargement (BPE). We carried out an observational trial aiming to assess the efficacy and safety of Tadalafil compared with Tadalafil plus Tamsulosin. Seventy-five patients complaining of ED and LUTS were treated for 12-weeks with Tadalafil plus placebo (TAD+PLA-group) or with combination therapy tadalafil plus tamsulosin (TAD+TAM-group). Efficacy variables were: International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) and safety assessments. Data were evaluated using paired samples T-test (baseline vs. 12-weeks) and analysis of variance (Δgroup-TAD+PLA vs. Δgroup-TAD+TAM). At baseline, both groups presented similar characteristics and symptoms scores (all: p > 0.05). From baseline to 12-weeks, all the subjects showed a significant improvement of IIEF, total-IPSS, storage-IPSS, Qmax (all: p < 0.001). Conversely, a significant improvement of voiding-IPSS was observed in TAD+TAM-group (−3.5 points, p < 0.001). Indeed, TAD+PLA-group showed a not significant improvement of voiding-IPSS (−2.0 points, p = 0.074). When we compared between-groups differences at 12-weeks, IIEF (p = 0.255), total-IPSS (p = 0.084) and storage-IPSS (p = 0.08) did not show any statistically significant differences, whereas, voiding-IPSS and Qmax were significantly better in TAD+TAM-group (p = 0.006 and p = 0.027, respectively). No severe treatment adverse events (TAEs) were reported in both groups. Tadalafil achieved the same improvements of IIEF, total-IPSS, storage-IPSS when compared to combination therapy. Instead, Qmax and voiding-IPSS were better managed with combination therapy, without change of TAEs.
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Treiber, Nicolas. "Dans le sillage du Kaloum Tam-Tam." Hommes & migrations, no. 1338 (October 1, 2022): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/hommesmigrations.14195.
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Meyran, Régis. "L'ethnomusicologie: du tam-tam à la techno." Sciences Humaines N°143, no. 11 (2003): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/sh.143.0022.
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Krueger, Cheryl Leah. "Princesse Tam-Tam: A Cultural Makeover Story." Women in French Studies 2006, no. 1 (2006): 182–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wfs.2006.0047.
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Radvilavičius, Vytautas. "Dėsnio vieta dialektinėje tikrovės interpretacijoje." Problemos 3 (September 29, 2014): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/problemos.1969.3.5742.
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Straipsnyje nagrinėjama dialektinė dėsnio samprata. Teigiama, kad tikrovės pažinimo procese atrandami dėsniai – tai savarankiškos jėgos, kurios veikia nepriklausomai nuo žmogaus valios. Dialektikai tikrovė yra rišlių, vienas kitą sąlygojančių, kintančių reiškinių visuma, kurią galime suprasti, vadovaujantis visuotinio sąryšio ir vystymosi principais. Esmingiausias dėsnio, kaip reiškinių santykio, bruožas yra kartojimasis, kiti bruožai – būtinumas, bendrumas. Formuluodamas dėsnius, mokslas atspindi objektyvią realybę. Nors konkreti dėsnio išraiška nepilnai atspindi tikrovę, tačiau joje yra objektyvaus, absoliutaus (visuomenės praktikos patvirtinto) žinojimo momentas. Tai tik tam tikro laikotarpio visuomeninės praktikos ir mokslo pasiekta informacija: vėliau ji tikslinama, papildoma. Dėsnis yra pažinimo forma, savo turiniu atspindinti tam tikrų sąlygų atžvilgiu esminius, pasikartojančius ir būtinus reiškinių santykius.
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Bruntink, Rob. "Marcella Tam." Pallium 22, no. 4 (2020): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12479-020-0800-2.
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Salcido, Richard "Sal." "Qui tam." Advances in Skin & Wound Care 23, no. 11 (2010): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.asw.0000390357.48983.f6.
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Kofané, Timoléon C., Conrad B. Tabi, Alain B. Moubissi, and Clément Tchawoua. "From African “tam-tam” to nonlinear optics [Invited]." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 37, no. 11 (2020): A346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.399177.
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Rathmann, Daniel, Eddy Rijntjes, Julika Lietzow, and Josef Köhrle. "Quantitative Analysis of Thyroid Hormone Metabolites in Cell Culture Samples Using LC-MS/MS." European Thyroid Journal 4, Suppl. 1 (2015): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000430840.
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A liquid-liquid extraction and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to determine iodothyronines and thyronamines (TAM) from cell culture media was developed. Thyroid hormones (TH) are metabolized by sequential deiodination to eventually yield thyronine (T₀), but can also be decarboxylated, resulting in TAM. The method presented here for extraction of DMEM/F12 cell culture media is a fundamental procedure for a precise determination of 9 TH and 6 TAM from a single LC run. Analytes and internal standards (IS) were extracted from DMEM/F12 (w/o phenol red) by liquid-liquid extraction using isopropanol-TBME (30:70 v/v). Measurement of TH and TAM was performed during a 10-min run time using 13C6-T4, 13C6-T3, 13C6-rT3, 13C6-3,3′T2 and 2H4-T1AM as IS. Calibration curves covered 11 calibrators measured as triplicates each for the analysis of the 9 TH and 6 TAM metabolites, and the 5 IS were linear and reproducible in the range of 0.12-120 nM (R2 0.991-0.999) for all calibrators. The lower limit of quantification was 0.078-0.234 nM. Method validation and robustness were demonstrated by the analysis of precision, accuracy, process efficiency, matrix effects and recoveries, as well as intra- and interassay stability. These parameters were investigated for high, middle and low concentrations of quality controls of all 9 TH and 6 TAM metabolites. This validated, sensitive and interaction-free LC-MS/MS method allows rapid analysis and accurate determination of TH and TAM from DMEM/F12 (w/o phenol red) conditioned media and seems to be easily transferable and applied to commonly used buffers and cell culture media.
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Paura, Markas. "NAUJAS ŽVILGSNIS Į GRĖSMĘ, PAVOJŲ IR PAŽEIDŽIAMUMĄ." Vertimo studijos 1, no. 1 (2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/vertstud.2008.1.10617.
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Šiandienis kompiuteris nebėra vien tik skaičiavimo mašina – jo atliekamos funkcijos gerokai lenkia pirmtakų galimybes. Bet tai – tik mechanizmas ir jo veikimas kartkartėmis gali sutrikti. Tokius sutrikimus nagrinėja palyginti nauja kompiuterijos mokslo šaka – kompiuterių sauga. Dalykinė informacija apie kompiuterių saugą lietuvių kalba yra labai fragmentiška ir nesutvarkyta. Daug daugiau žinių yra sukaupę užsienio valstybių kovos su kompiuterių saugai nepageidaujamais veiksniais priemonių kūrėjai. Nagrinėdami užsienio specialistų pateikiamus kompiuterių saugos terminus ir jų apibrėžtis pastebėjome, kad bendrinės lietuvių kalbos žodis dažnai virsta tam tikrą reikšmę turinčiu terminu. Jei būtų nustatyta, kad tai yra tam tikra tendencija, į kompiuterių saugos terminiją būtų galima žvelgti kaip į šiuo metu egzistuojančių lietuvių kalbos žodžių naujų prasmių ir reikšmių kūrimosi pavyzdį.
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Ribakovienė, Vanzeta. "Moralė socialiniame kontekste." Problemos 29 (September 29, 2014): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/problemos.1983.29.6388.
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Straipsnyje aptariamas moralės ir socialinių procesų santykis. Moralė yra sudėtinė, integruota tam tikros socialinės grupės ar visos visuomenės, kaip funkcionuojančios sistemos, dalis. Vienas iš būdų, pagal kurį galima nustatyti tam tikrus socialinio gyvenimo skirtumus, – tai moralinio žodyno ir realaus moralinio elgesio palyginimas. Iš moralės prigimties išplaukia tai, kad atsiranda galimybė dvejopai aiškinti moralės ir socialinės tikrovės santykį. Straipsnyje taip pat teigiama, kad moralės normų turinys priklauso ne tik nuo skirtingų tautų ir epochų socialinio konteksto, bet ir nuo konkrečių socialinių santykių praktikos. Socialinių santykių visumoje galima skirti įvairius jų pjūvius: tai ir betarpiški kasdieninės buities santykiai, ir žmonių dalyvavimas didesnių grupių gyvenime. Apžvelgiama moralė skirtingų istorijos epochų socialiniame kontekste, pradedant senovės Graikijos valstybėmis-poliais, Romos imperija, tęsiant Europos viduramžių feodalinių santykių kontekste, baigiant kapitalistinėmis ir socialistinėmis šalimis. Aptariama, kodėl kapitalizmas griauna papročius ir paprotinę moralės sąmonę, nors tai neleidžia teigti, kad kapitalistinėse šalyse nyksta moralė.
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Desalegn Asfaw, Tadila, Atsede Muleta, and Zewdu Teshome Awlachew. "Evaluate the Efficacy of Selected Microorganism and their Consortium for Degradation of Low-Density Polyethylene Bags Under Pot Conditions." F1000Research 14 (February 11, 2025): 186. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.161286.1.
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Background Plastic waste is becoming the most significant environmental pollutant because it is challenging to degrade naturally due to its composition of long hydrocarbon polymer chains. The present study aims to find out the biodegradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) using both pure microbial strains TA1 (Aspergillus tubignesis), TA2 (Aspergillus fumigatus), TA3 (Aspergillus niger), TA6 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), TA7, and TA8 (Proteus mirabilis) and a consortium of these strains under pot conditions. Methods The experiment used sterilized dumpsite soil surface-sterilized with 5% sodium hypochlorite for 3 minutes, rinsed with distilled water, and dried pots. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used with 32 treatments submerged in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic of two thicknesses: 25 microns and 40 microns. Each treatment was replicated three times and conducted over two intervals: 6 months and 9 months. Results The results showed that the maximum biodegradation of 25-micron-thick LDPE films was achieved using the pure fungal isolate Aspergillus niger (TA3) 13.69%, followed by Aspergillus fumigatus (TA2) 11.9% and Aspergillus tubignesis (TA1) 10.54% after 9 months. For 40-micron-thick LDPE films, the degradation rates were 7.8%, 5.8%, and 4.6% respectively. Using a consortium of three fungal species resulted in a maximum weight loss of 19.17% for 25-micron-thick LDPE bags and 9.8% for 40-micron-thick LDPE bags over the same period. FTIR analysis revealed changes in the functional groups on the LDPE surface, indicating hydrocarbon degradation. Conclusion The study found that pure microorganisms resulted in less weight loss compared to microbial consortia, and fungi were more effective than bacteria in degrading the LDPE plastic. Despite the differences, the current study suggested that microbial consortia provide an eco-friendly solution to address LDPE-related environmental issues with minimal adverse effects.
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Le Nestour, Annick. "Du tam-tam des bébés à l’orchestre de chambre." Enfances & Psy 77, no. 1 (2018): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ep.077.0144.
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Fargier, Jean-Paul. "Tam-tam dans la cathédrale. L'effet TV au théâtre." MédiaMorphoses 16, no. 1 (2006): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/memor.2006.1132.
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Cruz Hernandez, David, Nicolas Papadopoulos, Elise Sepulchre, et al. "GATA1 Target Gene CSF2RB Is Functionally Coupled to MPL and Marks a TPO-Dependent Preleukemic TAM Cell Population Sustained By the Fetal Liver but Not Bone Marrow." Blood 142, Supplement 1 (2023): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-174449.
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Paediatric cancers differ from adult cancers on the basis of their genetics and biology. Understanding these differences can identify factors important in oncogenesis during development. One exemplar are the genetically linked myeloid pre-leukemic and leukemic disorders in newborns and children with Trisomy 21 (T21) or Down syndrome (DS). DS children have a 400-fold increased risk of developing myeloid leukemia (ML-DS) in early life. ML-DS is preceded by a fetal/neonatal pre-leukemic phase known as transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM), when T21 hemopoietic cells acquire mutations in the GATA1 gene. These mutations produce an N-terminal truncated GATA1 protein (GATA1s). Remarkably, the proliferative effect exerted by T21 and GATA1s is developmentally restricted. As hemopoiesis shifts from fetal liver to new-born bone marrow, TAM usually spontaneously regresses. The biological basis for the requirement of a fetal liver environment for TAM cells and their failure to thrive in the bone marrow is unknown. However, a clue is that TAM cells can proliferate in bone marrow if they acquire oncogenic mutations, typically in genes of the JAK-STAT signalling pathway. These mutations transform the TAM clone to an ML-DS clone. To address the question of why TAM cells survive only in a fetal liver environment, we performed scRNA sequencing, coupled with genotyping from 3 primary TAM samples. 4 T21 and 3 disomic cord blood samples were used as controls (Fig1A). We identified a marked expansion of mutant TAM GATA1s cells, compared to controls, at the earliest GATA1-expressing progenitor stages (Fig1A). TAM GATA1s cells displayed transcriptional upregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, TNFA/NFκB and JAK/STAT pathways and enhanced STAT3 regulon activity when compared to controls (Fig1A). We hypothesized that aberrant cytokine receptor activation leading to increased STAT3 activity is essential for GATA1s cell proliferation. Differential gene expression between TAM GATA1s cells and disomic cells, pointed to CSF2RB, a cytokine receptor that directly activates the JAK-STAT signalling pathway (Fig1A). Next, we demonstrated that CSF2RB is overexpressed at the protein level in TAM and marks 80% of CD34 + cells compared to 5% CD34+ control cells. Using CUT&TAG we confirmed binding of GATA1s and GATA2 at two GATA sites in the CSF2RB locus in CMK cells (Fig 1A). CRISPR-Cas9 disruption of either GATA2, or the -12kb GATA motif led to downregulation of CSF2RB protein (Fig1A). We are testing if GATA1 represses CSF2RB and whether GATA1s fails to repress CSF2RB, allowing sustained abnormal CSF2RB expression in TAM. CSF2RB gene knockout in GATA1s cells leads to cell death. Taken together, CSF2RB is a direct GATA target gene and abnormal sustained, CSF2RB expression in TAM cells is required for GATA1s cell survival. Classically, CSF2RB partners with the α-chain of either IL3, IL5 or GMCSF receptors. Interestingly, none of the α-chains are expressed at the protein or RNA level in TAM CSF2RB+ cells, suggesting that CSF2RB might partner with another cytokine receptor. We nominated MPL, the thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor as a new candidate binding partner of CSF2RB for the following reasons: (i) we documented co-expression of MPL with CSF2RB at the RNA and protein level in TAM cells. (ii) we confirmed functional coupling between CSF2RB and MPL in Ba/F3 and TF-1 cells, where at equivalent MPL levels, TPO signalling via the JAK-STAT pathway is enhanced by CSF2RB. This effect is stronger at high TPO levels. (iii) A mutation in CSFR2RB (A455D) that we described in ML-DSrequires interaction with human MPL to induce autonomous growth of cytokine-dependent hematopoietic cells. Notably, direct interaction between MPL and CSF2RB A455D is detected by BRET assays. We hypothesize that high levels of fetal liver derived TPO sustain TAM proliferation because of the functional coupling between MPL and CSF2RB (Fig1B). This proliferation signal is lost as cells migrate to the low TPO bone marrow environment. Further work will assess TPO concentration in DS fetal liver and whether TAM cells display increased proliferation in response to varying TPO doses. In summary, we propose a model whereby reduced TPO levels experienced by TAM cells as they migrate from fetal liver to bone marrow creates selective pressure for acquisition of secondary mutations that permit TAM cells to proliferate independently of the high TPO environment of the fetal liver (Fig1B).
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Nhi, Huỳnh Thị, та Nguyễn Thị Hương. "Tầm soát sự co ngắn cơ tam đầu đùi của sinh viên hệ chính quy tại Khoa Vật lý trị liệu – Phục hồi chức nang Trường Đại học Quốc tế Hồng Bàng". TẠP CHÍ KHOA HỌC TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC TẾ HỒNG BÀNG, ĐẶC BIỆT (24 грудня 2022): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.59294/hiujs.vol..2022.402.
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Đặt vấn đề: Co ngắn cơ tam đầu đùi (shortening hamstring muscle) là tình trạng thường gặp ở tất cả mọi lứa tuổi, ở những người bị tai biến mạch máu não, trẻ có bệnh lý về thần kinh cơ như là bại não, cả những người khỏe mạnh cũng có xảy ra tình trạng Co ngắn cơ tam đầu đùi nếu không được tập luyện thường xuyên. Co ngắn cơ tam đầu đùi là những chấn thương phổ biến được báo cáo thường xuyên nhất trong bóng đá chiếm 37% tổn thương cơ được quan sát trong bóng đá phổ biến nhất trên thế giới.
 Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Mục đích của nghiên cứu là xác định tỷ lệ bị co ngắn cơ tam đầu đùi ở người trưởng thành khỏe mạnh.
 Đối tượng và các phương pháp: 100 sinh viên khỏe mạnh không có tiền sử chấn thương khớp hông và gối, không chấn thương cột sống hay từng tham gia các hoạt động kéo giãn, yoga (64 nam, 36 nữ, phạm vi từ 18 – 27 tuổi) được đưa vào nghiên cứu. Các bệnh nhân được trải qua một cuộc kiểm tra qua các thử nghiệm riêng biệt bằng phương pháp thống kê mô tả.
 Kết quả: Số lượng sinh viên bị co ngắn cơ tam đầu đùi là 64, Nam nhiều gấp hai Nữ, tất cả được đo lường qua cả ba thử nghiệm. Không có sự khác biệt sự linh hoạt của cơ tam đầu đùi thông qua góc đo giữa hai chân Trái, Phải.
 Kết luận: Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy có thể mang lại ý nghĩa thống kê về sự co ngắn cơ tam đầu đùi ở người trưởng thành khỏe mạnh có thể phục vụ ứng dụng cho những nghiên cứu sau này. Tuy nhiên, hạn chế của nghiên cứu này cần xác thực độ tin cậy và tính giá trị của công cụ đo lường trước khi thực hiện nghiên cứu. Định hướng cho những nghiên cứu tiếp theo trong việc tìm ra giải pháp để khắc phục tình trạng ngắn cơ tam đầu đùi.
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Eskiler, Gamze Guney, Gulsah Cecener, Gokhan Dikmen, Lutfi Genc, and Unal Egeli. "THE EFFECT OF SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES ON TAMOXIFEN-RESISTANT BREAST CANCER CELLS." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 8, no. 2 (2016): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2016v8s2.15220.
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<p class="lead">To overcome the acquired Tamoxifen (Tam) resistance in Tam-resistant breast cancer cells without damaging normal cells, we have examined the therapeutic efficacy of Tam-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). Tam-loaded SLNs were produced by hot homogenization method. After characterization, <em>in vitro</em> cytotoxic and apoptotic activity of Tam-SLNs were evaluated in MCF7, MCF7-TamR (Tam-resistant breast cancer cells) and MCF10A cells. Tam-SLNs had an average size nearly 300 nm and a zeta potential of approximately-40 mV. <em>In vitro</em> cytotoxicity results showed that Tam-SLNs indicated the cytotoxic and apoptotic activity on MCF7 and MCF7-TamR cells. We found that MCF7-TamR cell viability was also suppressed significantly by Tam-SLNs and thus, Tam-SLNs could delay and overcome Tam-resistance (p&lt;0.05). Furthermore, the Tam-SLNs did not induce apoptosis on MCF10A control cells. The lowest MCF10A cell viability was 83.0% whereas MCF7 and MCF7-TamR (R↔ and R↑) cells viability are reduced to 21.98%, 27.5% and 29.4% at 10 µM of Tam-SLNs, respectively (p&lt;0.05). The obtained results were supported by apoptosis assays. SLNs-delivery system provided therapeutic efficacy to overcome Tam-resistance thanks to unique features of SLNs including small size, drug accumulation in the tumor site and controlled drug release. Therefore, Tam-SLNs may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of TAM-resistant breast cancer.</p>
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Cai, X., A. Beumer-Chuwonpad, B. Westerman, and J. Garcia Vallejo. "P02.05.A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF TUMOR-ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGES IN GLIOBLASTOMA." Neuro-Oncology 26, Supplement_5 (2024): v35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noae144.108.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and extremely aggressive primary tumor of the central nervous system. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) can take up around 50% of cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of GBM and are thought to play a role in therapy resistance by creating an immunosuppressive TME. Researchers have used the M1/M2 dichotomy to describe the pro- and anti-inflammatory states of TAM, respectively. However, an expanding number of studies have found that this classification strategy oversimplifies the nature of TAM as seen in patients. Therefore, a more comprehensive strategy to represent the continuous spectrum of cellular states of TAM is essential. In this study, we aim to identify the cellular states of TAM, and further explore their impact on clinical outcomes and the TME. MATERIAL AND METHODS A bioinformatic pipeline based on principal component analysis was developed to identify the cellular states of TAM, which addressed the high inter-tumoral heterogeneity of GBM. A public Image Mass Cytometry dataset is used to verify the existence of the TAM states. The correlation analysis and survival analysis were conducted to identify the clinical relevance of the TAM states. Three spatial transcriptomic datasets were used to explore the role of these TAM states in the TME. A vessel/neuron impact index was developed to describe the impact of vessel/neuron on the TME. An 8-color multiplex immunohistochemistry is currently being developed to explore the role of VIM-TAM in the TME with spatial analysis in our cohort with 74 GBM patients. RESULTS Four public GBM scRNA-seq datasets with 94 samples were input into our pipeline. Four TAM states together with a proliferating state were identified: HLA-TAM (HLA-DR, SPP1, APOE, TREM2, C3, CD74), VIM-TAM (VIM, S100A4/6/10, CD44), IL1B-TAM (IL1B, CCL3, CD83), and HSP-TAM (HSP90AA1, BAG3). By mapping TAMs into a 3D plot based on these state scores, we revealed a continuous spectrum of TAM. Prognosis analysis found that the mean IL1B-TAM score showed a protective effect for OS (P = 0.065), while the mean VIM-TAM score had a risk impact on PFS (P = 0.045). Spatial transcriptomic analysis showed that the VIM-TAM is negatively correlated with neural-progenitor-like cancer cells and the neuron impact index. CONCLUSION A continuous spectrum of TAM could be described by these 4 identified TAM states. The IL1B-TAM and the VIM-TAM are predictors for OS and PFS, respectively. Also, the VIM-TAM is related to NPC-like cancer cells and neurons in the TME.
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Šliavaitė, Kristina. "Reivo kultūros ypatumai Lietuvoje (apie "tikruosius" ir "netikruosius" reiverius)." Sociologija. Mintis ir veiksmas 6, no. 4 (1999): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/socmintvei.1999.4.7017.
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Šio straipsnio tikslas - nustatyti ir aptarti Lietuvos reivo subkultūros vidinės hierarchijos principus bei interpretuoti juos. Straipsnio šaltinis - vienuolika pokalbių, parengtų vadinamojo nestruktūrinio interviu pagrindu, su Lietuvos reivo kultūros atstovais. Su jais kalbėtasi 1998 m. sausio bei vasario mėn. Interviu analizė atskleidė tam tikrus jaunimo stereotipus, susijusius su tokiomis dvinarėmis priešpriešomis: alternatyvus/komercinis, pogrindžio kultūra/žiniasklaida, centras/periferija, reiveris/reiverė, "tikras reiveris"/"orinis reiveris". Pateikėjai skirtingus asmenis stereotipiškai apibūdindavo kaip "geresnius" ar "prastesnius" reiverius, o tai leidžia kalbėti apie tam tikrą reliatyvią perskyrą tarp "subkultūros elito" ir "subkultūros masių". Siekiant atskleisti subkultūros vidinės hierarchijos principus, straipsnyje analizuojami su minėtomis priešpriešomis susiję stereotipai.
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Skedgel, C., D. Rayson, and T. Younis. "Direct and indirect economic evaluation of upfront and sequential adjuvant treatment in postmenopausal women with breast cancer based on the BIG 1–98 trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (2009): 6594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.6594.
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6594 Background: The monotherapy arms of the BIG 1–98 trial established the clinical superiority of upfront letrozole (LET) relative to tamoxifen alone (TAM) but direct comparison of sequential TAM-LET, LET-TAM and upfront LET did not establish a clinically superior strategy. We undertook an economic evaluation to identify an economically preferred strategy based on the relative cost-effectiveness (CE) of TAM, LET, TAM-LET, and LET-TAM in terms of cost per quality-adjusted life year gained (QALYG). Methods: A state-transition model was developed to calculate cumulative costs and QALYs over a 25yr horizon for hypothetical cohorts of postmenopausal women with HR+ breast cancer undergoing adjuvant hormonal treatment. As the sequential arms were not directly compared to TAM alone, it was not possible to directly compare all strategies. As such, the analysis conducted direct within-arm comparisons and an indirect between-arm comparison. DFS endpoints and relative DFS benefit were derived from the monotherapy and sequential arms of BIG 1–98. Adverse events were not included as these have not yet been reported. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for the key parameters and assumptions, including the baseline recurrence risk and the duration of carry-over benefit. Costs and utility weights were derived from the literature. The analysis took a Canadian direct payer perspective and drug costs were based on 2008 Canadian average wholesale prices. Costs and outcomes were discounted at 3%. Results: In the monotherapy arms LET had a CE of $16,650 relative to TAM. In the sequential arms LET-TAM had superior QALYGs and cost savings relative to LET and TAM-LET. In economic terms, LET-TAM dominated LET and TAM-LET. In the indirect comparison, LET-TAM dominated LET and TAM-LET and had superior QALYGs at increased cost relative to TAM for a CE of $178. Conclusions: Direct comparisons confirm the economic favourability of LET relative to TAM and establish the dominance of LET-TAM over LET and TAM-LET. These indirect comparisons support the strong economic favourability of LET-TAM relative to TAM in the indirect comparison. In the absence of superior clinical outcomes, economic evaluation is a useful in suggesting a preferred strategy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Chen, Jianmin, Krista A. Power, Jaskaren Mann, Astor Cheng, and Lilian U. Thompson. "Flaxseed Alone or in Combination with Tamoxifen Inhibits MCF-7 Breast Tumor Growth in Ovariectomized Athymic Mice with High Circulating Levels of Estrogen." Experimental Biology and Medicine 232, no. 8 (2007): 1071–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3181/0702-rm-36.
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Flaxseed (FS) is rich in mammalian lignan precursors and α-linolenic acid, which have been suggested as having anticancer effects. Previous studies have shown that 10% FS inhibits the growth of human estrogen–dependent breast cancer (MCF-7) in athymic mice, and it enhances the inhibitory effect of tamoxifen (TAM). This study determined whether the effect of FS, alone or in combination with TAM, is dose dependent, and it explored the potential mechanism of action. Ovariectomized athymic mice with estradiol (E2) supplementation (1.7 mg/pellet, 60-day release) and established MCF-7 tumors were treated with basal diet control (0FS), 5% FS (5FS), 10% FS (10FS), and TAM (TAM/ 0FS; 5 mg/pellet, 60-day release), alone or in combination (TAM/ 5FS and TAM/10FS) for 8 weeks. Compared with control, 5FS and 10FS significantly inhibited tumor growth by 26% and 38%, respectively. TAM/0FS had an effect similar to the 10FS. TAM/ 5FS and TAM/10FS, respectively, induced significant 48% and 43% reductions in tumor size compared with 0FS, and 18% and 10% reductions compared with TAM/0FS. The relative uterine weight was significantly lower in all TAM groups compared with the control. The reduction of tumor growth resulted from decreased cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis. TAM/ 5FS caused a significantly higher expression of estrogen receptor-α (ERα) compared with 5FS and TAM/0FS, whereas TAM/10FS had a higher ERα than 10FS and TAM/0FS. Compared with the control, progesterone receptor (PgR) expression was significantly reduced in all treatment groups, but insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) expression was reduced only by 10FS, TAM/5FS and TAM/10FS. Tumor cell proliferation was significantly positively associated with expression of PgR and IGF-1 and negatively associated with apoptosis and ERα. Apoptosis was only associated with ERα. In conclusion, FS inhibited MCF-7 tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner and enhanced the inhibitory effect of TAM due to the modulation of ER and growth factor signal transduction pathways.
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Norkus, Zenonas. "F. Bretano ir Dž. Mūro aksiologinė etika: palyginimas." Problemos 45 (October 1, 2014): 68–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/problemos.1991.45.7067.
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Straipsnyje palyginamos F. Brentano ir G. E. Moore‘o metaetika, aksiologija ir normatyvinė etika. Savaiminio gerumo sąvoką abu filosofai laikė fundamentalia, bazine etikos sąvoka ir ja apibrėžė visas pagrindines normatyvines sąvokas, bet ji pati nėra normatyvinės etikos sąvoka: G. E. Moore‘as pabrėžė, kad savaiminis gerumas nėra moralinė idėja, o F. Brentano tam įvedė specialią praktinio gerumo sąvoką. Abu filosofai aksiologinių sprendinių pagrindimo problemą sprendė intuityvistiškai. G. E. Moore‘as šiuos sprendinius laikė savaime akivaizdžiais. F. Brentano teigė, kad norint išsiaiškinti, ar tam tikras objektas savaime geras, reikia kontempliuoti jo sąvoką (bendrą reprezentaciją). Savaime geros (blogos) gali būti tik psichinės būsenos. G. E. Moore‘as savaiminį gerumą (blogumą) taip pat laikė psichikos būsenų savybe, bet manė, kad tą savybę galima priskirti tiems objektams, į kuriuos įeina psichinės būsenos. Abiejų filosofų normatyvinės (praktinės) etinės doktrinos yra utilitaristinės. Abu neigė, kad tam tikro veiksmo privalomumas arba teisingumas gali būti tiesiogiai įžvelgtas, kad tai yra tokios veiksmų savybės, kurios gali būti dorovinės intuicijos objektas.
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Ingle, J. N., S. J. Green, D. L. Ahmann, et al. "Randomized trial of tamoxifen alone or combined with aminoglutethimide and hydrocortisone in women with metastatic breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 4, no. 6 (1986): 958–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1986.4.6.958.
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A randomized clinical trial was performed to compare the efficacy of tamoxifen (TAM) alone with that of TAM plus aminoglutethimide (AG) and hydrocortisone (HC). Patients failing TAM could receive AG and HC. Objective responses to therapy were seen in 21 of 49 TAM patients (43%) and 25 of 51 TAM, AG and HC patients (49%). Time to disease progression and survival distributions were not significantly different between the treatment arms. Toxicity was greater for patients treated with TAM, AG, and HC and the trial was discontinued early for this reason. Twenty-four patients received AG and HC after TAM therapy and three (12%) achieved a response. We conclude that the combination of TAM, AG, and HC is not recommended over TAM alone because toxicity appears to outweigh any potential therapeutic advantage.
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Pasqualini, J. R., B. L. Nguyen, C. Mayrand, and F. Lecerf. "Oestrogen agonistic effects of tamoxifen in the uterus of newborn guinea pigs after short and long treatment. Biological and histological studies." Acta Endocrinologica 111, no. 3 (1986): 378–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1110378.
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Abstract. Tamoxifen (TAM) alone or combined with oestradiol (E2) or progesterone (P) was administered to newborn guinea pigs (2 days old) for a short (2 days) or a long (12 days) treatment period. TAM alone provoked a great stimulatory effect on uterine growth and DNA content and the effect was particularly intense after the long treatment. These actions were markedly enhanced when TAM was administered together with E2. Following short treatment, the values of the uterine wet weights (mg ± sd) were as follows: control animals, 142 ± 15; animals treated with TAM, 298 ± 53; E2, 335 ± 15; (TAM + E2), 362 ± 16. The values after the long treatment were 177 ± 30, 555 ± 93, 709 ± 117 and 1263 ± 222, respectively. Histological studies showed that TAM provoked morphological changes in both the endometrium and the myometrium. The effects were particularly great on the height of the luminal epithelial cells and on the uterine glands. After 2 days of treatment with E2, TAM and P, the thickness of the luminal epithelium, which was 13.5 μm ± 1.5 in the control animals, increased as follows: TAM, 19 μm ± 1.7; E2, 20.3 μm ± 3.3; (TAM + E2), 30.5 μm ± 5; P, 12 μm ± 0.9 and (P + TAM), 19.7 μm ± 1.2. The values after the 12 day treatment were: controls, 20.8 μm ± 1.8; TAM, 27.4 μm ±2.1; E2, 32 ± 3; (TAM + E2), 43 μm ± 5; P, 17.8 μm ± 1.2 and (P + TAM), 23.6 μm ± 1.5. After the short treatment TAM doubled the number of specific progesterone binding sites. It is concluded that TAM acts as a real oestrogen agonist in the uterus of newborn guinea pigs.
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Vetr, Helga, Sabine Geiter, Markus Graf, Silvia Knapp, and Bernd R. Binder. "Measurement of Thrombin-Alpha-2-Macroglobulin Complexes Generated in Plasma." Blood 114, no. 22 (2009): 4205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.4205.4205.
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Abstract Abstract 4205 The aim of this study is to evaluate a new assay (TECHNOZYM®TAM Activity) for measurement of thrombin-alpha2-macroglobulin (TAM) complexes. Furthermore, we asked the question whether the acute phase nature of a2Macroglobulin would be reflected in increased TAM levels in plasma of sepsis patients. Thrombin generation was measured using TECHNOTHROMBIN®TGA which does not use any inhibitors of clot formation. Thus, clots formed during the reaction need to be removed either by centrifugation or filtration prior to sample transfer to the TAM assay which is a combined immuno-activity assay specifically detecting a2M bound thrombin. Pre-existing TAM levels in various haemostatic samples did not differ significantly from those in normals, with one exception. Surprisingly, Factor X deficient samples expressed about 3 fold higher levels of TAM than normals. Approximately 4% of total thrombin generated was found in TAM complexes (TAM/AUC ratio 3,6 % ± 1, TAM concentration 73nM ±14). No significant difference in TAM values could be found for the different methods of clot removal (n=8; p>0,3). As expected, thrombin generation in normal as well as in factor deficient samples lead to approximately 10-fold increase of TAM. Only in FX-deficient and Coumadin samples no increase in TAM was observed. This is consistent with the small amount of total thrombin generated in these samples. TAM levels in plasma of sepsis patients were significantly higher (19.2nM ± 1.7) than in normals (9.7nM ±0.5; n=40, p<0,0001). Levels of TGA triggered TAM correlate with total amount of thrombin generated and TAM measurement in TGA samples is not necessary for routine TGA measurements. Furthermore, TAM levels are increased in the plasma of sepsis patients and do not correlate with acute phase markers in these patients. Thus TAM might be suitable as a new marker to differentiate a (sub)group of sepsis patients. Disclosures: Vetr: Technoclone GmbH: Employment. Geiter:Technoclone GmbH: Employment. Graf:Technoclone GmbH: Employment.
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LIU, Hui, Heng-wei ZHANG, Xian-fu SUN, et al. "Tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells possess cancer stem-like cell properties." Chinese Medical Journal 126, no. 16 (2013): 3030–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20130227.
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Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the cause of cancer recurrence because they are resistant to conventional therapy and contribute to cancer growth and metastasis. Endocrinotherapy is the most common breast cancer therapy and acquired tamoxifen (TAM) resistance is the main reason for endocrinotherapy failure during such therapy. Although acquired resistance to endocrine treatment has been extensively studied, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We hypothesized that breast CSCs played an important role in TAM-induced resistance during breast cancer therapy. Therefore, we investigated the biological characteristics of TAM-resistant (TAM-R) breast cancer cells. Methods Mammosphere formation and tumorigenicity of wild-type (WT) and TAM-R MCF7 cells were tested by a mammosphere assay and mouse tumor xenografts respectively. Stem-cell markers (SOX-2, OCT-4, and CD133) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were tested by quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR. Morphological observation was performed to characterize EMT. Results After induction of TAM resistance, TAM-R MCF7 cells exhibited increased proliferation in the presence of TAM compared to that of WT MCF7 cells (P <0.05), indicating enhanced TAM resistance of TAM-R MCF7 cells compared to that of WT MCF7 cells. TAM-R MCF7 cells showed enhanced mammosphere formation and tumorigenicity in nude mice compared to that of WT MCF7 cells (P <0.01), demonstrating the elevated CSC properties of TAM-R MCF7 cells. Consistently, qRT-PCR revealed that TAM-R MCF7 cells expressed increased mRNA levels of stem cell markers including SOX-2, OCT-4, and CD133, compared to those of WT MCF7 cells (P <0.05). Morphologically, TAM-R MCF7 cells showed a fibroblastic phenotype, but WT MCF7 cells were epithelial-like. After induction of TAM resistance, qRT-PCR indicated that MCF7 cells expressed increased mRNA levels of Snail, vimentin, and N-cadherin and decreased levels of E-cadherin, which are considered as EMT characteristics (P <0.05). Conclusion TAM-R MCF7 cells possess CSC characteristics and may be responsible for TAM resistance during breast cancer therapy.
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Putra, Lalu Giat Juangsa, Dian Saputra, and Achmad Zahir Saputra. "Metode Balancing Jig Procedure pada Tab Elevator Pesawat Boeing 737-800 untuk Mengurangi Dampak Flutter." JURNAL INTEGRASI 10, no. 2 (2018): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/ji.v10i2.845.
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Primary flight control pada pesawat udara terdiri dari aileron, rudder dan elevator, Secondary flight control terdiri dari flaps, slats, spoiler dan trim tab. Pesawat sebelum terbang harus dipastikan semua flight control dalam keadaan balance. Jika tidak, maka flutter akan terjadi ketika pesawat tersebut mengudara. Flutter adalah salah satu fenomena aeroelastisitas, yaitu fenomena getaran yang mengakibatkan sayap pesawat terbang “mengepak” seperti sayap burung. Hal ini diakibatkan karena kombinasi efek kekakuan struktur sayap, aerodinamika serta inersia (berat) dari struktur. Untuk menghindari terjadinya flutter harus dilakukan balancing flight control, salah satunya pada Tab Elevator. Tab elevator sering disebut dengan trim tab pada elevator. Trim Tab tersebut melekat pada elevator yang terletak pada horizontal stabilizer. Meskipun trim tab merupakan secondary flight control, harus tetap dipastikan balance. Cara balancing tab elevator adalah dengan metode jig procedure, dimana tab harus dilepas terlebih dahulu. Balance atau tidaknya tab elevator ditentukan dari nilai Tab Assembly Moment (TAM). Hasil yang didapat dari penelitian ini adalah 15.22 lbfinch dan tab dikatakan balance, karena menurut Structural Repair Manual (SRM) Boeing 737-800 range maksimal nilai TAM adalah 15.48 lbfinch. Jika pada penelitian didapatkan hasil lebih dari 15.48 lbfinch, maka tab harus dikembalikan ke paint shop untuk dilakukan pengelupasan beberapa lapisan catnya agar mengurangi beban tab tersebut. Apabila pengurangan beban pada tab tidak bisa dilakukan lagi, maka Tab tersebut dianggap reject (tidak layak) dan harus diganti dengan yang baru.
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Zhang, XianTian, та Zhao-Yi Wang. "Estrogen Receptor-α Variant, ER-α36, is Involved in Tamoxifen Resistance and Estrogen Hypersensitivity". Endocrinology 154, № 6 (2013): 1990–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2013-1116.
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Abstract Antiestrogens such as tamoxifen (TAM) provided a successful treatment for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer for the past four decades. However, most breast tumors are eventually resistant to TAM therapy. The molecular mechanisms underlying TAM resistance have not been well established. Recently, we reported that breast cancer patients with tumors expressing high concentrations of ER-α36, a variant of ER-α, benefited less from TAM therapy than those with low concentrations of ER-α36, suggesting that increased ER-α36 concentration is one of the underlying mechanisms of TAM resistance. Here, we investigated the function and underlying mechanism of ER-α36 in TAM resistance. We found that TAM increased ER-α36 concentrations, and TAM-resistant MCF7 cells expressed high concentrations of ER-α36. In addition, MCF7 cells with forced expression of recombinant ER-α36 and H3396 cells expressing high concentrations of endogenous ER-α36 were resistant to TAM. ER-α36 down-regulation in TAM-resistant cells with the short hairpinRNA method restored TAM sensitivity. We also found that TAM acted as a potent agonist by activating phosphorylation of the AKT kinase in ER-α36-expressing cells. Finally, we found that cells with high concentration of ER-α36 protein were hypersensitive to estrogen, activating ERK phosphorylation at picomolar range. Our results thus demonstrated that elevated ER-α36 concentration is one of the mechanisms by which ER-positive breast cancer cells escape TAM therapy and provided a rational to develop novel therapeutic approaches for TAM-resistant patients by targeting ER-α36.
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Chen, Yongmei, Huizhen Wang, Nan Qi, et al. "Functions of TAM RTKs in regulating spermatogenesis and male fertility in mice." REPRODUCTION 138, no. 4 (2009): 655–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-09-0101.
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Mice lacking TYRO3, AXL and MER (TAM) receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are male sterile. The mechanism of TAM RTKs in regulating male fertility remains unknown. In this study, we analyzed in more detail the testicular phenotype of TAM triple mutant (TAM−/−) mice with an effort to understand the mechanism. We demonstrate that the three TAM RTKs cooperatively regulate male fertility, and MER appears to be more important than AXL and TYRO3. TAM−/− testes showed a progressive loss of germ cells from elongated spermatids to spermatogonia. Young adult TAM−/− mice exhibited oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia and various morphological malformations of sperm cells. As the mice aged, the germ cells were eventually depleted from the seminiferous tubules. Furthermore, we found that TAM−/− Sertoli cells have an impaired phagocytic activity and a large number of differentially expressed genes compared to wild-type controls. By contrast, the function of Leydig cells was not apparently affected by the mutation of TAM RTKs. Therefore, we conclude that the suboptimal function of Sertoli cells leads to the impaired spermatogenesis in TAM−/− mice. The results provide novel insight into the mechanism of TAM RTKs in regulating male fertility.
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SERIN, Seher, and Betül BAY YILMAZ. "Yeni Geliştirilmiş Tam Tahıl Çerezinin Kahvaltıya Alternatif Olma Potansiyelinin Araştırılması." Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 13, no. 4 (2023): 1595–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1324003.
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Bu çalışmada en az işlem uygulanarak doğala en yakın şekilde üretilen tam tahıl çerezinin, pratik kahvaltıya bir alternatif olma potansiyeli araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda üretilen tam tahıl çerezi ile piyasadan temin edilen tam tahıllı kahvaltılık gevreğinin besinsel ve duyusal özellikleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Yulaf, çavdar ve karabuğdaydan oluşan tam tahıl çerezi; yulaf ve çavdar 180 °C’de 17 dakika ve karabuğday taneleri ise 180 °C’de 10 dakika kavrularak elde edilmiştir. Her iki örnekte besinsel özellikleri belirlemek için genel bileşim analizleri yapılmıştır. Duyusal özelliklerini belirlemek için tam tahıllı kahvaltılık gevrek ile tam tahıl çerezinde duyusal analiz yapılmıştır. Besinsel analiz sonuçlarına göre tam tahıl çerezinin, tam tahıllı kahvaltılık gevreğe göre besinsel açıdan daha zengin bir alternatif olduğu görülmüştür. Özellikle tam tahıl çerezinin, klasik tam tahıllı kahvaltılık gevreğe göre daha yüksek toplam diyet lifi içeriğine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Duyusal açıdan ise dış görünüş, renk, çıtırlık ve tat parametrelerinden gevreğe göre daha düşük puan almış olsa da, doyuruculuk ve genel beğeni parametrelerinden istatistiksel açıdan kahvaltılık gevrekle aynı puanı almıştır. Elde edilen bu sonuçlara göre kahvaltıya bir alternatif olabileceği gibi, yeni geliştirilmiş tam tahıl çerezinin diyetetik bir ara öğün olarak rahatlıkla kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.
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Li, Xiangyu, Ruoyu Zhao, Samuel Rudd, Wenyuan Ding, and Sidong Yang. "Correlation Analysis between Tamoxifen and Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: A Retrospective Case-Control Study." Pain Research and Management 2022 (May 31, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3330260.
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Objectives. To investigate the correlation between tamoxifen (TAM) and lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD). Methods. The patients who visited the department of spine surgery from January 2015 to December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Those with a history of breast cancer surgery were identified and their data were collected. These data included patients' age, body mass index (BMI), menstrual history, postoperative history, drug treatment plan, and imaging data. The participants were divided into the TAM group and the non-TAM group. Lumbar IVDD was assessed by lumbar lordosis (LL), vertebral CT density, lumbar disc height index (DHI), Modic changes, and modified Pfirrmann grading score. SPSS 20 was used for statistical analysis. Results. A total of 75 patients were included in this study, 46 patients in the TAM group and 29 patients in the non-TAM group. No significant differences were present in age, BMI, postoperative history, LL, and vertebral CT density between the two groups. The DHI of L1/2 and L2/3 in the TAM group was lower compared to the non-TAM group ( P = 0.038 and P = 0.034 , respectively), while comparisons regarding the DHI of L3/4, L4/5, and L5/S1, and the average DHI between TAM and non-TAM groups were not significant. The modified Pfirrmann grading scores of the L1/2 and L2/3 IVDs in the TAM group were higher than those in the non-TAM group ( P = 0.004 and P = 0.025 , respectively). Comparisons of L3/4, L4/5, and L5/S1 between the two groups were not significant. The comparisons regarding the occurrence of Modic changes did not show a significant difference between the TAM and non-TAM groups. Conclusions. This study indicates that there might be some positive correlation between TAM use and lumbar IVDD. In particular, the degeneration of L1/2 and L2/3 has shown a correlation with TAM use.
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Ahn, Peter H., Ha Thanh Vu, Donald Lannin, et al. "Sequence of Radiotherapy With Tamoxifen in Conservatively Managed Breast Cancer Does Not Affect Local Relapse Rates." Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, no. 1 (2005): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.09.048.
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Purpose To evaluate whether the sequencing of tamoxifen (TAM) relative to radiation (RT) affects outcome in breast cancer patients treated with conservative surgery (CS) plus RT (lumpectomy with RT). Methods Between 1976 and 1999, 1,649 patients with stage I or II breast cancer were treated with CS plus RT at Yale-New Haven Hospital (New Haven, CT). TAM was administered to 500 patients. The timing of TAM relative to RT was documented for each patient. Of the 500 patients, the timing of TAM was unclear in five patients, was administered concurrently with RT in 254 patients (CON-TAM), and was administered sequentially after completion of RT in 241 patients (SEQ-TAM). Results There were no differences between the CON-TAM and SEQ-TAM group in T stage, estrogen and progesterone status, nodal status, histology, or margin status. The CON-TAM group was slightly older than the SEQ-TAM group (62 v 58 years) and received chemotherapy in addition to TAM less frequently (14% v 38%). As of September 2002, with a median follow-up of 10.0 years, there were no significant differences between the CON-TAM and SEQ-TAM groups in overall survival (84% v 82%; hazard ratio [HR], 1.234; 95% CI, 0.42 to 2.05; P = .45), distant–metastasis-free rate (82% v 78%; HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 0.89 to 2.68; P = .12), ipsilateral breast-relapse–free rate (90% v 86%; HR, 0.932; 95% CI, 0.42 to 2.05; P = .86), or contralateral breast-relapse–free rate (95% v 93%; HR, 0.892; 95% CI, 0.53 to 1.48; P = .66). Conclusion Although the concurrent use of TAM with RT may theoretically render cancer cells less responsive to RT, this retrospective study suggests that in practical application, concurrent administration of TAM with RT does not compromise local control.
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Scott, Paul Henderson. "Review: Tam Dalyell." Scottish Affairs 80 (First Serie, no. 1 (2012): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/scot.2012.0036.
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Benbasat, Izak, and Henri Barki. "Quo vadis TAM?" Journal of the Association for Information Systems 8, no. 4 (2007): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00126.
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YEŞİLYURT, Etem. "Tam Öğrenme Yaklaşımı." İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi 9, no. 2 (2020): 1548–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.695755.
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Piśkiewicz-Bornstein, Agnieszka. "Tam i tu." Narracje o Zagładzie, no. 1(7) (May 18, 2021): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/noz.2021.07.18.
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Biscoe, Tim, and Ann Silver. "Remembering Tam Dalyell." Physiology News, Spring 2017 (April 1, 2017): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.36866/pn.106.6a.
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Townsel‐Winston, Melinda. "Interview: Tam Dalrymple." OCLC Micro 8, no. 6 (1992): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb055991.
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Coufal, Hans J., Kumar Patel, William Happer, and Chi-Kwan Au. "Andrew Ching Tam." Physics Today 54, no. 10 (2001): 92–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1420682.
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&NA;. "Tuesday Morning (TAM)." Health Physics 78 (June 2000): S113—S124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004032-200006001-00004.
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