Journal articles: 'Taiwanese Australia'

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Stevens, J. D., G. J. West, and K. J. McLoughlin. "Movements, recapture patterns, and factors affecting the return rate of carcharhinid and other sharks tagged off northern Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 51, no. 2 (2000): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf98158.

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Between February 1983 and May 1985, ~10 500 sharks of 23 species were fin-tagged off northern Australia. Tagging concentrated on the commercially important Carcharhinus tilstoni and C. sorrah. Most recaptures were made in 1984 and 1985, but returns continued until May 1997. In all, 579 tags (5.5%) were recovered. Tag shedding was estimated to be low (0.025 year –1 for C. tilstoni) and tagging mortality was significantly lower for sharks caught by hand-line than by gill-net. Australian gill-netters, Taiwanese gill-netters (fishing in the Australian Fishing Zone) and Australian prawn trawlers accounted for most of the returns. The maximum distance between the release and recapture positions was >1100 km, but most returns were made within 50 km of the tagging site. Nearly all the releases were in inshore waters fished by Australian vessels. Although many recaptures were made by the offshore Taiwanese fishery, the Taiwanese fishing effort was much higher than for the inshore Australian fishery, so that relative to fishing effort, relatively few sharks moved from inshore to offshore waters.

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Chu, Jou-juo. "The Settlement Experiences of Taiwanese Immigrants in Brisbane." Queensland Review 7, no. 1 (August 2000): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600002051.

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The objective of this paper is to document and explore the findings of a survey carried out in Brisbane from 16 August to 15 September 1999, on the settlement experiences ofrecent Taiwanese immigrants, their motive for immigration and their perception of Australian society. Ethnic immigrants in advanced industrialized countries have long been depicted as passive and powerless individuals. In the past fifty years, this tendency to portray migrants as disadvantaged victims has remained largely intact. However, the new wave of immigrants that arrived in the late 1980s mostly came from economically affluent north-east Asian countries, particularly from Hong Kong and Taiwan. Many of these people were skilled or professionally qualified independent immigrants, and a large number of them were in fact entrepreneurs who brought capital and other economic resources. Therefore, their settlement experiences may not necessarily involve marginalisation and dependency, nor is it appropriate to argue that they would be potential victims of structural discrimination. This study of the settlement experiences of Taiwanese immigrants in Brisbane aims, firstly, to examine the forces that motivated Taiwanese citizens to immigrate to Australia. Secondly, it explores the social and occupational mobility of Taiwanese immigrants measured by the changes in their self-identified class location between Taiwan and Australia. Finally, it investigates the sense ofbelonging of Taiwanese immigrants, and their interactions with their home country.

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Ip, David, Chung‐tong Wu, and Christine Inglis. "Settlement experiences of Taiwanese immigrants in Australia." Asian Studies Review 22, no. 1 (March 1998): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357829808713188.

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Krajewski, Sabine, and Sandra Blumberg. "Identity challenged: Taiwanese women migrating to Australia." Gender, Place & Culture 21, no. 6 (June 3, 2013): 701–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0966369x.2013.802671.

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Han (韩逸平), Stone, Artemis Ching-Fang Chang (张静芳), and Hsi-Mei Chung (钟喜梅). "Transgenerational Intent of Taiwanese Business Families in Brisbane, Australia." Journal of Chinese Overseas 17, no. 2 (October 13, 2021): 365–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341449.

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Abstract This study investigates the impact of immigrant context on continuity and success in Chinese family business. We conceptualize the immigrant context as exposure to country differences in family logic, arguing that the immigrant context influences transgenerational intent by affecting family practices and relations. Based on a multiple-case study of Taiwanese business families in Brisbane, Australia, we show that variations in three family practices – parental control, children’s filial piety, and parental role in children’s career development – play an important role in this matter. To explain why, we theorize that the extent to which Taiwanese immigrant business families continue with or depart from traditional Chinese family logic in terms of these three practices enables particular meaning of intrafamily succession to prevail in the family, which ultimately affects their transgenerational intent.

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Yeh, Hsiu-shan, and Wan-I. Lin. "Disability employment services under new public management: A comparison of Australia and Taiwan." International Social Work 61, no. 3 (June 10, 2016): 437–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872816648201.

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In the 1990s, both Australia and Taiwan were influenced by new public management (NPM) and subsequently reformed their public employment services. However, the reforms of the two countries have led to divergent results. This study assumes that the essential differences lay in the mobilization capacity of the disabled rights advocacy organizations and the disability employment benefits. Taiwan’s disability employment services (supported employment), though privatized, are limited to nonprofit organizations (NPOs), while for-profit organizations (POs) remain absent in this area. In Australia, the employment services (open employment services for people with disabilities) have been privatized, and for-profit organizations are encouraged to compete with one another to enhance the service quality and to reduce the costs. By providing job-search benefits for disabled people and implementing workfare policy, the Australian government reforms have resulted in the change of the relationship between the government and the citizens. In contrast, since the Taiwanese government never provided sufficient social welfare benefits for disabled people, they have to actively seek employment not after encouragement from the government, but as a result of their desperate need to earn a living. Despite the two countries’ differences, the force of neoliberalism, along with NPM, ostensibly continues to be a part of their employment policies for the socially underprivileged.

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Hsieh, Jasper Kun-Ting. "An Ethnography of Taiwanese International Students’ Identity Movements." Journal of International Students 10, no. 4 (November 15, 2020): 836–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jis.v10i4.1065.

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Many studies focus on Chinese-speaking international students’ adaptation issues inside and outside educational settings in the West. A strong emphasis has been placed on identifying Chinese-speaking international students’ problems and solving them through educational programs, pedagogies, and curricula. This emphasis categorizes these students as a cohort that have issues learning and living in Western societies, a categorization that ignores identity as complex and context-dependent. Drawing on a Bourdieuian poststructuralist perspective, this 18-month-long study documented the experiences of nine Taiwanese international students at different Australian universities before, during, and after their 1-year postgraduate education in Australia. This study compared their experiences and highlighted the complexity of identity movements. The findings present habitus modification and habitus improvisation, two notions developed from a Bourdieuian perspective. In conclusion, this study encourages reassessment of the standard notions of adaptation and prompts further exploration of how international students use their overseas experiences in the home context.

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Kao, Martin C., Ian Patterson, Noel Scott, and Chung Kai Li. "Motivations and Satisfactions of Taiwanese Tourists Who Visit Australia." Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 24, no. 1 (February 19, 2008): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j073v24n01_02.

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Malecka-Massalska, Teresa, Agata Smolen, Elzbieta Madro, and Wojciech Surtel. "Bioimpedance Vector Pattern in Taiwanese and Polish College Students Detected by Bioelectric Impedance Vector Analysis: Preliminary Observations." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/684865.

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Background and Objectives. The study was conducted to evaluate soft tissue hydration and mass through pattern analysis of vector plots as height, normalized resistance, and reactance measurements by bioelectric impedance vector analysis in Taiwanese and Polish college students.Methods. Whole-body measurements were made with ImpediMed bioimpedance analysis SFB7 BioImp v1.55 (Pinkenba Qld 4008, Australia) in 16 Taiwanese and Polish men and 16 Taiwanese and Polish women.Results. Mean vectors of Taiwanese men and women groups versus the Polish men and women groups were characterized by almost the same normalized resistance component with reactance component (separate 95% confidence limits, ) indicating that there were no differences of soft tissue hydration and mass.Interpretation and Conclusion. The evaluation of soft tissue hydration and mass through pattern analysis of vector plots as height, normalized resistance, and reactance measurements by bioelectric impedance vector analysis in Taiwanese and Polish college students did not differ between these two diverse ethnic groups. Further observational research investigating these properties in larger groups would be welcomed to elucidate and/or confirm these findings.

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Ahyong, Shane T., and Keiji Baba. "Uroptychus michaeli (Decapoda, Chirostylidae), a new species of deep-water squat lobster from north-western Australia and Taiwan." Crustaceana 90, no. 7-10 (2017): 799–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003617.

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Uroptychus michaelisp. nov. is described from northwestern Australia and Taiwan. The new species closely resemblesU. nigricapillis, to which northwestern Australian and some Taiwanese records had been previously referred.Uroptychus michaelisp. nov. is readily distinguished fromU. nigricapillisby the deeply excavate cervical groove on the carapace (versus shallow, weakly indicated), more elongate pereopods 2-4 in which the pereopod 2 merus is longer than the postorbital carapace length (versus shorter), and the proportionally longer pereopod 2 carpus, which is as long as or longer than half postorbital carapace length (versus less than half) and approximately twice the length of the dactylus (versus 1.2× or less).

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Wang, Chiu-Wen, Charanjit Singh, Beverly Bird, and Glenice Ives. "The Learning Experiences of Taiwanese Nursing Students Studying in Australia." Journal of Transcultural Nursing 19, no. 2 (April 2008): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043659607312968.

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Chiang, Lan-Hung Nora, and Jung-Chung Richard Hsu. "Locational Decisions and Residential Preferences of Taiwanese Immigrants in Australia." GeoJournal 64, no. 1 (September 2005): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10708-005-3927-0.

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Prideaux, Bruce. "Recent developments in the Taiwanese tourist industry ‐ implications for Australia." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 8, no. 1 (February 1996): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09596119610108590.

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Maina, Solomon, Brenda A. Coutts, Owain R. Edwards, Luis de Almeida, Abel Ximenes, and Roger A. C. Jones. "Papaya ringspot virus Populations From East Timorese and Northern Australian Cucurbit Crops: Biological and Molecular Properties, and Absence of Genetic Connectivity." Plant Disease 101, no. 6 (June 2017): 985–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-16-1499-re.

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To examine possible genetic connectivity between crop viruses found in Southeast Asia and Australia, Papaya ringspot virus biotype W (PRSV-W) isolates from cucurbits growing in East Timor and northern Australia were studied. East Timorese samples from cucumber (Cucumis sativus) or pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata and C. maxima) were sent to Australia on FTA cards. These samples and others of pumpkin, rockmelon, honeydew melon (Cucumis melo), or watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) growing in one location each in northwest, north, or northeast Australia were subjected to high throughput sequencing (HTS). When the 17 complete PRSV genomic sequences obtained by HTS were compared with 32 others from GenBank, the five from East Timor were in a different major phylogroup from the 12 Australian sequences. Moreover, the East Timorese and Australian sequences each formed their own minor phylogroups named VI and I, respectively. A Taiwanese sequence was closest to the East Timorese (89.6% nt dentity), and Mexican and Brazilian sequences were the closest to the Australian (92.3% nt identity). When coat protein gene (CP) sequences from the 17 new genomic sequences were compared with 126 others from GenBank, three Australian isolates sequenced more than 20 years ago grouped with the new Australian sequences, while the closest sequence to the East Timorese was from Thailand (93.1% nt identity). Recombination analysis revealed 13 recombination events among the 49 complete genomes. Two isolates from East Timor (TM50, TM32) and eight from GenBank were recombinants, but all 12 Australian isolates were non-recombinants. No evidence of genome connectivity between Australian and Southeast Asian PRSV populations was obtained. The strand-specific RNA library approach used optimized data collection for virus genome assembly. When an Australian PRSV isolate was inoculated to plants of zucchini (Cucurbita pepo), watermelon, rockmelon, and honeydew melon, they all developed systemic foliage symptoms characteristic of PRSV-W, but symptom severity varied among melon cultivars.

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Sung, Yu-Hsien, and Hsien-Ming Lin. "Taiwanese Students’ Considering Factors and Practical Suggestions Toward Studying Abroad in New Southbound Policy Countries." Asian Social Science 14, no. 10 (September 28, 2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v14n10p75.

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In 2017, Taiwanese government started to implement New Southbound Policy. For this policy, strengthening the cultivation and exchange of skilled people, or “talent,” between Taiwan and the southbound countries (NSPC) is the most important purpose. Notably, current data revealed that students of NSPC are more likely to study abroad in Taiwan; moreover, previous studies have explored this phenomenon called as ‘Global South to Global North’, which means the experience of students from developing countries studying in developed countries. However, compared to students of NSPC, the number of Taiwanese students studying abroad in NSPC is relatively less. To our understanding, no studies have explored what the causes for the above are. Therefore, this is a pioneer study to explore the perspectives of the students from developed countries toward studying abroad in developing countries, so that we can understand what are the main factors which may be considered when Taiwanese students consider studying abroad to NSPC (except for Singapore, Australia, and New Zealand). The mixed methods design was adopted in this study. 147 Taiwanese students accepted the questionnaire survey, 8 Taiwanese students were interviewed. The results indicated that, the following three factors are mainly taken into consideration by Taiwanese students when considering studying abroad to NSPC: academic, economic, and personal factor. Moreover, the results also echoed with the perspective of rational choice theory, which means the above three factors will be considered by students rationally, thereby influencing their decision-making on studying abroad. Furthermore, three suggestions were proposed for promoting Taiwanese students to study abroad in new southbound countries: first, Taiwanese government could assist public to broaden their understanding of these countries; second, Taiwanese government could provide students more necessary information such as the prominent academic subjects and its development in these countries, thereby helping them make decision on studying abroad in NSPC. Third, Taiwanese government could create more working opportunities for these Taiwanese students who graduate from NSPC.

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Masih, Abul M. M., and Rumi Masih. "Dynamic Modeling of Stock Market Interdependencies: An Empirical Investigation of Australia and the Asian NICs." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 04, no. 02 (June 2001): 235–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091501000401.

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This article examines the patterns of dynamic linkages among national stock prices of Australia and four Asian NIC stock markets namely, Taiwan, South Korea, Singapore and Hong Kong. By employing recently developed time-series techniques results seem to consistently suggest the relatively leading role of the Hong Kong market in driving fluctuations in the Australian and other NIC stock markets. In other words, given the generality of the techniques employed, Hong Kong showed up consistently as the initial receptor of exogenous shocks to the (long-term) equilibrium relationship whereas the Australian and the other NIC markets, particularly the Singaporean and Taiwanese markets had to bear most of the brunt of the burden of short-run adjustment to re-establish the long term equilibrium. Furthermore, given the dominance of the Hong Kong market in the region, the study also brings to light the substantial contribution of the Australian market in explaining the fluctuations to the other three markets, particularly Singapore and Taiwan. Finally, in comparison to all other NIC markets, Taiwan and Singapore appear as the most endogenous, with the former providing significant evidence of its short-term vulnerability to shocks from the more established market such as Australia.

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Chiang, Lan-Hung Nora, and Chih-Hsiang Sean Yang. "Learning to be Australian: Adaptation and Identity Formation of Young Taiwanese-Chinese Immigrants in Melbourne, Australia." Pacific Affairs 81, no. 2 (August 1, 2008): 241–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5509/2008812241.

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Chiang, Nora, and Liangwen Kuo. "An Examination of the Employment Structure of Taiwanese Immigrants in Australia." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 9, no. 4 (December 2000): 459–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719680000900403.

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Tam, Lina, Badrul Omar, and Waluyo Adi Siswanto. "Review on Anthropometric Test Dummy and Computational Modelling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 315 (April 2013): 640–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.315.640.

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This paper presents the differences of anthropometric data between Malaysian, Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Taiwanese, North American, North African, South Indian, Portuguese and Australian, which can be use in anthropometric test dummy (ATD) and the computational modelling of ATD. The available anthropometric data of stature, sitting height and sitting knee height for male and female are analyzed by weighting them according to their ranking in the corresponding parameters and presented in bar chart. It is found that Australian male and female have the biggest body posture compared with others. The results also indicate that females in Australia, North Africa and South India, when the three parameters are considered, they have bigger posture than male. For the computational model, hybrid modelling combine finite elements and rigid bodies can be an alternative approach.

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Chen, Yu-Wei, Anita C. Bundy, Reinie Cordier, Yi-Ling Chien, and Stewart L. Einfeld. "A cross-cultural exploration of the everyday social participation of individuals with autism spectrum disorders in Australia and Taiwan: An experience sampling study." Autism 21, no. 2 (July 9, 2016): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361316636756.

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Individuals with an autism spectrum disorder commonly have limited social participation. This study aimed to examine the similarities and differences of everyday participation among males and females with autism spectrum disorder in Australia and Taiwan, using an experience sampling methodology. A total of 14 Australians (4 males, aged 16–43 years) and 16 Taiwanese (12 males, aged 19–45 years) with autism spectrum disorder who are cognitively able were asked to carry a device which prompted them seven times per day for 7 days, to record everyday participation: where they were, what they were doing, and who they were with. Multilevel analyses were used to identify the relationships between everyday participation and associated factors including gender, country of residence, clinical severity of autism spectrum disorder, and social anxiety. The results showed that Taiwanese participants were more likely to stay at home than Australian participants. However, female participants were more likely to engage in social situations than males. Furthermore, participants with fewer autism spectrum disorder symptoms and those with higher levels of social anxiety were less likely to engage in social interactions. This study sheds light on ways that culture and gender affect social participation and highlights the relationship of social anxiety to social participation. The findings have implications for interventions for social participation.

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Stoddart, Jennifer, Amy Conley Wright, Margaret Spencer, and Sonja van Wichelen. "‘I’m the centre part of a Venn diagram’: belonging and identity for Taiwanese-Australian intercountry adoptees." Adoption & Fostering 45, no. 1 (March 2021): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308575921989825.

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Intercountry adoptees face many challenges in developing their identity and achieving a sense of belonging in post-assimilation Australia. This study uses a constructivist approach to analyse narrative interviews with a sample of Taiwanese intercountry adoptees in Australia ranging in age from early to middle adulthood. Social identity theory and postcolonial theory are used to frame thematic findings about the impact of micro, meso and macro influences on identity development and belonging. The article concludes with discussion of the importance of analysing the impact of colonisation and broader societal discourse in social work practice when working within the adoption sector.

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Hee, Wenqi Jacintha, Geoffrey Jalleh, Hung-Chih Lai, and Chad Lin. "E-Commerce and IT Projects." International Journal of Public Health Management and Ethics 2, no. 1 (January 2017): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijphme.2017010104.

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Hospitals and healthcare organizations are facing an increasingly competitive business environment which demands the efficient use and appropriate evaluation of their tangible and intangible resources and competencies in order to continuously improve their organizational performance. The management of e-commerce/IT outsourcing is a crucial management issue for hospitals and healthcare organizations in recent years since only a small proportion of these organizations have reaped the expected benefits from their outsourcing projects. Therefore, the main objective of this article is to better understand the investment evaluation and benefits realization practices and processes of Australian and Taiwanese hospitals that have outsourced their e-commerce/IT systems. This article provides the opportunity to examine outsourcing practices of a highly developed economy (Australia) and a newly industrialized economy (Taiwan). Some e-commerce/IT outsourcing issues and challenges confronted by hospitals in Australia and Taiwan will be identified, discussed and presented. The findings of this study will assist hospitals and other healthcare organizations to formulate appropriate strategies to better handle the potential issues and challenges in undertaking e-commerce/IT outsourcing projects.

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Mathews, Shane, Keith J. Perks, Constanza Bianchi, Hsiu-Li Chen, and Charmaine Glavas. "Leveraging Internet capabilities for international business relationships: a comparison between Australian, Chilean and Taiwanese exporting SMEs." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 28, no. 3 (February 22, 2021): 380–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-12-2018-0385.

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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate how Internet capabilities influence international business relationships using the resource-based view and capabilities perspective. Many studies highlight the importance of the Internet in helping smaller firms internationalize. However, few studies actually test how this is happening. The central purpose of this research was to examine and test the impact of Internet capabilities on international information availability, international strategic orientation and international business relationships in a sample of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Australia, Chile and Taiwan.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a structural equation modeling process so as to test the Internet capabilities on international business networks. The empirical research is based on an analysis of a sample of internationalizing SMEs in three export-intensive markets in Australia (215), Chile (204) and Taiwan (130) to test a conceptual model.FindingsThe results demonstrate that Internet capabilities have a distinct effect on the development of international business relationships for SMEs in the three countries. That is, Internet capabilities have a positive impact on a firm's international business relationships, but this varies across Australian and Taiwanese and Chilean SMEs.Originality/valueThese studies give empirical validation on the way in which smaller firms are using Internet capabilities for leveraging networks in internationalization and how this varies across countries. The results demonstrate that Internet capabilities have a distinct and positive impact on the development of international business relationships for SMEs in the three countries. However, there are specific differences between countries in how the Internet is being leveraged for the development of international business networks. Something currently not highlighted in the body of knowledge.

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Chiang, Lan-hung Nora. "The Dynamics of Self-employment and Ethnic Business Ownership among Taiwanese in Australia." International Migration 42, no. 2 (June 2004): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0020-7985.2004.00284.x.

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McGREGOR, Karla, Natalie MUNRO, Su Mei CHEN, Elise BAKER, and Jacob OLESON. "Cultural influences on the developing semantic lexicon." Journal of Child Language 45, no. 6 (July 2, 2018): 1309–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000918000211.

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AbstractTo determine whether the developing semantic lexicon varies with culture, we examined the animal and food naming of children from three communities distinguished by language, cultural heritage, and population density. The children were five- and seven-year-olds from Australia (n = 197), Taiwan (n = 456), and the US (n = 172). Naming patterns revealed hierarchical and flexible organization of the semantic lexicon. The content of the lexicon, particularly food names, varied with cultural heritage. In all three communities, wild mammals were predominant during animal naming, a likely influence of children's media. The influence of the Chinese zodiac was evident in the clustering of animal names in the Taiwanese sample. There was no apparent influence of population density and little influence of language, except that the Taiwanese children more frequently named foods at the superordinate level, a possible influence of the structure of Mandarin. Children develop their lexicons in response to culture as experienced first-hand or through media.

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Wang, Ju-Han Zoe, and John Connell. "Taiwanese Working holiday makers in rural and regional Australia: temporary transnational identities and employment challenges." Australian Geographer 52, no. 2 (April 3, 2021): 191–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049182.2021.1916196.

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Chang, Grace Chu-Lin. "Writing feedback as an exclusionary practice in higher education." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 37, no. 3 (January 1, 2014): 262–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.37.3.05cha.

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This ethnographic research probes into feedback on academic writing received by Taiwanese students in Australian higher education institutions, and examines whether the feedback received helped students to participate in the written discourse of academic communities. Academic writing dominates the academic life of students in Australia and is the key measure of their academic performance. This can be problematic for international students who speak English as an additional language and who are expected to acquire academic literacies in English ‘by doing’. As a social practice, academic writing depends on participation in dialogue for students to be included in the community of academia. However, the findings show that few participants received any useful feedback. Some assignments were never returned; in other cases, the hand-written feedback was illegible, and often included only overly general comments that puzzled the participants. As a result, the learning process came to an end once the students handed in their assignments; feedback failed to promote further learning related to content, and particularly to academic writing. The article highlights the few instances where participants received helpful feedback that was accessible and constructive, and which can be considered best practice for the promotion of academic literacy.

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Dunning, M., S. McKinnon, CC Lu, J. Yeatman, and D. Cameron. "Demersal cephalopods of the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 45, no. 3 (1994): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9940351.

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Demersal trawl and dredge surveys of the Gulf of Carpentaria in the early summers of 1990 and 1991 provided the first comprehensive assessment of the cephalopod fauna of this shallow, tropical basin off northern Australia. Twenty-one taxa (comprising five loliginid squids, seven cuttlefishes, seven octopuses and two dumpling squids) were recorded. In addition to hosting species distributed broadly in the Indo-West Pacific (e.g. loliginid squids Sepioteuthis lessoniana, Photololigo cf. chinensis and P. cf. edulis; cuttlefishes Sepia eiliptica and Sepia pharaonis), the Gulf of Carpentaria represents the most northwesterly extent of the range of some eastern Australian species (e.g. Loliolus noctiluca and Sepia whitieyana). Squid catches were lower in the north-western gulf in 1990 and higher in shallower water during the more geographically restricted survey in 1991, whereas cuttlefish were more evenly distributed throughout the different sampling areas in both years. Broad size ranges of both sexes of the four most abundant species (P. cf. chinensis (northern form), P. cf. eduiis, S. eiliptica and S. pharaonis) are indicative of extended spawning seasons, and fully mature individuals of these species were evident throughout the gulf. Cephalopods are a minor component in reported domestic fisheries catches from the Gulf of Carpentaria, where penaeid prawns are targeted. High (though seasonal) squid catch rates were reported annually by Taiwanese trawlers targeting butterfish and squid from certain areas prior to 1979. With the observed population structure of the abundant cephalopod species and relatively high catch rates in some localities during these recent surveys, it is suggested that the cephalopod resources of the Gulf of Carpentaria could support increased commercial fisheries exploitation.

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Li, Yao-Tai. "Constituting Co-Ethnic Exploitation: The Economic and Cultural Meanings of Cash-in-Hand Jobs for Ethnic Chinese Migrants in Australia." Critical Sociology 43, no. 6 (September 23, 2015): 919–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920515606504.

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This article asks two questions: for immigrants, how is an exploitative labor market constituted, and how do immigrant employees and employers understand exploitation involving co-ethnics? Taking ethnic Chinese immigrants (PRC-Chinese, Taiwanese, Hong Kongese) as an example, this article examines employer hiring strategies, employee economic rationales, cultural perceptions, and the work experiences of ethnic Chinese migrant workers who find work in the informal sector in Australia. This article argues that language barriers, relatively higher earnings than home countries, the flexibility of cash-in-hand jobs, and the low expectation that job-seekers have of co-ethnic employers increase the willingness of ethnic Chinese migrants to work in the cash economy. On the other hand, employers look for an ‘obedient’ employee and create the image of a ‘good boss’ to decrease the expression of hostile emotions from their employees. Considering how economic factors and mutual cultural perceptions are embedded and reflected in the informal labor market, this article concludes that co-ethnic exploitation is formulated and justified by both employers and employees in Australia.

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Hsu, Jane Lu, and Mei-Hui Lu. "Educational implications in generic skills improvement from participation in overseas working programs." International Journal of Comparative Education and Development 18, no. 4 (November 14, 2016): 246–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijced-06-2016-0012.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reveal generic skills improvement from participation in overseas working programs using Taiwanese young adults taking an Australian working holiday program as an example. Design/methodology/approach In this study, respondents needed to be those who had participated in an Australian working holiday program and had stayed in Australia for at least six months so that their experiences would be extensive enough to enable answering questions in the questionnaire. There were a total of 122 respondents. After eliminating incomplete observations, there were a total of 95 valid observations. Findings The average number of jobs held per person was 2.77, and farm and factory jobs seemed to be popular. Thinking skills and learning skills were significantly improved, especially for highly motivated respondents. An unfamiliar working environment in foreign countries reinforces personal characteristics. Students who participate in overseas working programs need to interact with local people to improve communication skills, especially for those who are less motivated. Although the natural environment is the main attraction for students who participate in overseas working programs, improvement in generic skills is actually the core factor for students to benefit from the experiences. Originality/value The results of this study would be useful for working holiday participants to understand what they can expect to experience in improving generic skills and further to form a baseline for future studies as well as guidelines for promoting Australian working holiday programs.

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Stevens, JD, and PD Wiley. "Biology of two commercially important carcharhinid sharks from northern Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 37, no. 6 (1986): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9860671.

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Sharks represent 78% of the total catch by weight of a Taiwanese surface gill-net fishery off northern Australia. Two carcharhinids, Carcharhrnus tilstoni (previously described as C. limbatus) and C. sorrah, together comprise 83% of this shark catch by number. C. tilstoni is distinguished from C. limbatus by differences in enzyme systems, vertebral counts, size data and pelvic fin coloration. Of the specimens of C. tilstoni and C. sorrah caught in the Arafura and Timor Seas from 1981 to 1983, 43% and 47%, respectively, were female; at birth these proportions were 46% and 50%, respectively. In both species, females tended to be relatively more abundant in catches of mature fish, except around March, when males predominated. In northern Australia, the usual size at maturity for C. tilstoni is 110 cm for males and 115 cm for females; for C. sorrah, it is 90 cm and 95 cm, respectively. Both species exhibit placental viviparity and have almost identical restricted reproductive cycles. Mating occurs in February-March, ovulation in March-April and the main parturition period is in January. The gestation period is 10 months and individual fish breed each year. The average litter size for both species is three. The size at birth is about 60 cm for C. tilstoni and 50 cm for C. sorrah. Stomach contents indicate that teleost fish are an important component of the diet of both species and there is some indication of a change in feeding depth with shark size.

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Li, Yao‐Tai. "“I was discriminated against because I was seen as PRC‐Chinese”: The negotiation between ethnicity and nationalism among Taiwanese migrants in Australia." British Journal of Sociology 71, no. 5 (September 13, 2020): 1016–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12786.

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Barnes, JA, BH Zischke, GW Blight, and JC Chapman. "Minilee and Mickylee are mini-watermelons with potential for the Australian market." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 5 (1994): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9940673.

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The watermelon industry aims to produce fruit 2 10 kg, but supermarkets sell cut portions, so there may be a market for smaller fruit, between 2 and 4 kg. We tested several small-fruited watermelon cultivars to see if there was potential to establish a mini-watermelon industry. Minilee and Mickylee (ex Florida) were the best 2 cultivars; the fruit of 3 Taiwanese cultivars split under slight pressure, and the fruit of the cultivars Sugar Baby and Baby Fun were too heavy. Minilee and Mickylee were grown at plant densities between 5550 and 22 200 plants/ha. At 7400, 11 100 and 14 800 plants/ha, 70-72% of the Minilee fruit weighed between 2 and 4 kg. In contrast, at 22 200 plants/ha, 79% of the Mickylee fruit weighed between 2 and 4 kg, but at the other plant densities only 38-59% of the fruit were in this weight range. We conclude that Minilee and Mickylee are suitable cultivars for a mini-watermelon industry around Bundaberg and probably other parts of Australia where Florida cultivars are presently grown. Because the yield of fruit in the 2-4 kg range for Minilee was less sensitive to plant density than the Mickylee yield in this range, we believe that Minilee would be the better commercial proposition.

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Zhang, Zihan, Justin Kramer, Haocen Wang, Wei-Ju Chen, Tse-Yang Huang, Yann-Jang Chen, Tung-Sung Tseng, and Lei-Shih Chen. "Attitudes toward Pursuing Genetic Testing among Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Taiwan: A Qualitative Investigation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010118.

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Background: The diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cases is increasing in Taiwan. Genetic testing for children with ASD offers several potential benefits and is available with out-of-pocket expenses. Parents play a pivotal role in having their children with ASD tested; therefore, understanding their perceptions of, and perceived barriers to genetic testing is vital. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 39 parents of children with ASD in Taiwan. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. NVivo 12 software (QSR International, Doncaster, Australia) was used to facilitate an inductive coding methodology. Results: The majority of participants (74.4%) supported ASD genetic testing for their children with ASD, citing reasons such as clarifying ASD etiology, well-informed family planning, contributing to ASD research, and early ASD detection and intervention. Others indicated that they were either against such testing (17.9%), or unsure (7.7%) about whether to take their children with ASD for genetic testing. Those who were opposed reported that their main concerns related to perceptions of no value of genetic testing, potential for family conflict, and financial difficulties. Conclusions: Most of the parents of children with ASD that we interviewed expressed favorable views of ASD genetic testing. There exists a need to increase parental access to education and counseling, and to include testing coverage in Taiwanese national health insurance.

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Atkinson, Joel. "Development Assistance and Geopolitics in Australia-China-Taiwan Relations." International Studies Review 16, no. 2 (October 19, 2015): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2667078x-01602001.

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The development assistance programs of Australia, China and Taiwan impact each other’s geopolitical interests in the South Pacific region. This “aid triangle” has recently undergone a significant transformation. Previously, the interests of Australia and China aligned in competing against Taiwan for political influence in the region. However, since 2008, China-Taiwan relations have warmed and their aid contest in the South Pacific has been largely put on hold. This has ameliorated Taiwan’s conflict with Australia, and the two countries have increased their development assistance cooperation. However, China’s role in undermining Australia’s policy towards Fiji, and the global deterioration in China’s relations with a US coalition (including Australia), have potentially increased the competitive aspects of the Sino-Australian side of the triangle.

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Salem, Saber. "China." Jindal Journal of International Affairs 2, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 10–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54945/jjia.v2i4.51.

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In recent years, China has been steadily expanding its non-military footprint in the Pacific region in an unprecedented manner. The multi-dimensional expansion of Chinese presence in the Pacific has arguably, made the region a microcosm of power politics amongst regional and established powers. Part of the explanation for the Chinese fastpace growth in the Blue Pacific is the presence of the Taiwanese who have been one of the biggest providers of aid for diplomatic recognition. The aid-dependent Pacific Island Countries (PICs) by being active creators of the Sino-Taiwan chequebook diplomacy have time and again switched their diplomatic allegiance in order to secure more foreign aid for their social development and economic growth. Despite such an “unreliable” behaviour, Beijing has widened and deepened its presence in the region by providing concessional loans with “no strings attached.” The latter element has been conveniently alluring to all the PICs so much so that they have borrowed more than 50 percent of their GDP from China. This has alarmed the traditional donors such as US, Japan and Australia which are revisiting their policies and re-engaging in the Pacific politics actively, all aimed at preventing the Island nations sinking in Chinese debt and consequently losing their strategic leverage to the People’s Republic of China (PRC). As for Taipei, it had managed to ally itself with six PICs in return for provision of foreign aid and foreign direct investments. However, in September 2019, two of its diplomatic allies ditched it in favour of Beijing. There has also been a paradigm shift in Beijing’s earlier policy vis-à-vis the PICs. In the past, PRC would not allocate aid to Taiwan’s (ROC) allies, however, after a shift in policy, ROC’s diplomatic allies currently get more aid from Beijing than from Taipei. The other worrying factor for the local population is a steady growth of the Chinese diaspora. Despite anti-Chinese riots in many countries, the new wave of Chinese immigrants do not seem deterred by the negative repercussion of their presence in the region. These Chinese new arrivals invest heavily in real estate in a bid to legitimise their presence in the island nations. This development has caused massive trepidation among regional powers, as they believe, would pave the way for Chinese military presence in the region under a legitimate claim to protect its overseas nationals.

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Ho (何式怡), Elsie Seckyee, and Lan-hung Nora Chiang (姜蘭虹). "Translocal Families: The Challenges of Practicing Filial Piety through Transnational Parental Care (台灣澳洲移民為盡孝道而跨國照顧年長父母的挑戰)." Translocal Chinese: East Asian Perspectives 10, no. 2 (October 20, 2016): 232–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24522015-01002004.

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The values of filial piety have strongly influenced the care of older people in traditional Chinese societies. Changes in family structure and relationships have occurred and in recent decades, transnational migration has become a factor in how filial piety is perceived and practiced in contemporary translocal Chinese families. Through the use of in-depth interviews, this pilot study explores transnational family patterns, elder care practices, attitudes towards filial piety, and opinions of the medical systems in Taiwan and Australia among 14 Taiwanese families who have lived in Australia for over 20 years. The study finds that despite immigration, filial piety remains an important value for these families. Most participants have/had provided care to their aged parents at the site of immigration and back home, and some of these parents were immigrants who had returned to Taiwan in their old age. Participants generally felt that older people are better looked after in Taiwan than in Australia, as Taiwan has a better healthcare system, and hired caregivers are more readily available. Elders’ expectations of filial piety from their children varied among participants, but all were prepared for a weakening of filiality and ongoing changes in intergenerational relations while living in a Western country. 傳統中國社會的老人照顧，受到孝道價值觀的影響很深。因為家庭結構及成員關係的改變，特別是近三十年來移民國外人口的增加，對當代華人家庭對孝道的認知與實踐產生了新的影響。本研究透過深入訪談居住澳洲二十年以上的台灣移民，探索跨國家庭類型、照顧年長父母的方式、對孝道的看法，以及台灣及澳洲兩地醫療體系的差異。研究發現雖然移民海外，盡孝道仍是重要的家庭價值。大部分的受訪者都曾為長者提供資源或參與照顧，無論是在澳洲或在台灣。年長父母也曾經在成年子女居住澳洲期間前往探視、短期逗留或移民。他們大部分都已回流台灣，原因是在台灣的年長者會得到較好的照顧，台灣的健保制度較適合年長者的需要，而且可以僱用外傭幫忙。已定居澳洲的台灣移民，對孝道的看法雖有差異，但對自己的成年子女是否能在環境不同的西方國家盡孝道，均有所保留。 (This article is in English.)

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Hsu, Tzu-wen, Jamie Murphy, and Sharon Purchase. "Australian and Taiwanese Advertiser's Perceptions of Internet Marketing." Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ) 9, no. 1 (January 2001): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1441-3582(01)70165-6.

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39

Ward, TM. "Sea snake by-catch of fish trawlers on the northern Australian continental shelf." Marine and Freshwater Research 47, no. 4 (1996): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9960625.

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During 1986-90, 206 sea snakes were collected from Taiwanese pair-trawlers (North West Shelf, 1986-87), Thai stern-trawlers (Arafura Sea, 1986-87), RV Soela (North West Shelf, 1986) and RV Clipper Bird (Timor and Arafura Seas, 1990). Taiwanese (58 specimens; 294.8 h trawled) and Thai (71 specimens; 1244 h trawled) vessels trawled in 50-75 m and caught 10 and 7 species respectively. The Soela (41 specimens; 72.5 h trawled) and Clipper Bird (36 specimens; 103 h trawled) operated in depths of 19-198 m and each caught 12 species. Hydrophines (10 species plus one specimen from an undescribed taxon) represented 68.4% of the specimens. Aipysurines (6 species) were more common in samples from the North West Shelf (46.2% of taxa, 56.6% of specimens) than from the Timor and Arafura Seas (28.6% of taxa, 11.2% of specimens). Taiwanese boats on the North West Shelf (1980-90) and Thai boats in the Arafura Sea (1985-90) were estimated to have caught 49000 (� 5600) and 10000 (� 1250) sea snakes respectively. Trawl surveys (e.g. Soela and Clipper Bird) may be unsuitable for monitoring sea snakes, because approximately 25 surveys would be needed to detect a 20% exponential decline in absolute abundance.

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40

Shen, Ya-Ching, and Pei-Wen Hsieh. "New Sesquiterpene Hydroquinones from a Taiwanese Marine SpongePolyfibrospongia australis." Journal of Natural Products 60, no. 2 (February 1997): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np9605302.

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41

Fu, Shiu-Yun, Debra Anderson, and Mary Courtney. "Cross-cultural menopausal experience: Comparison of Australian and Taiwanese women." Nursing and Health Sciences 5, no. 1 (March 2003): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2018.2003.00139.x.

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42

MIKHALJOVA, ELENA V., SERGEI I. GOLOVATCH, and HSEUH-WEN CHANG. "The millipede family Diplomaragnidae in Taiwan, with descriptions of nine new species (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida)." Zootaxa 2615, no. 1 (September 17, 2010): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2615.1.2.

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Diplomaragnidae are currently represented in Taiwan by twelve species in two genera. Nine species are described here as new to science: Tokyosoma serratum sp. nov., Tokyosoma taroko sp. nov., Tokyosoma fanfan sp. nov., Tokyosoma lobatum sp. nov., Tokyosoma bifurcatum sp. nov., Tokyosoma breviprocessum sp. nov., Tokyosoma distinctum sp. nov., Tokyosoma spinifer sp. nov., and Tokyosoma cornutum sp. nov. Two older species remain dubious as elements of the Taiwanese fauna. Eleven diplomaragnids seem to be endemic to Taiwan. The following new combination is proposed: Diplomaragna australis Shear, 1999 = Tokyosoma australe (Shear, 1999), comb. nov. A key is given to all Diplomaragnidae presently known from Taiwan, and the distributions of Taiwanese Tokyosoma species are mapped and discussed. The distinguishing characters of the genus Tokyosoma, as well as variation in T. australe are discussed.

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Masendycz, Paul J., and Enzo A. Palombo. "Genetic relatedness of VP1 genes of Australian and Taiwanese rotavirus isolates." FEMS Microbiology Letters 198, no. 2 (May 2001): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10634.x.

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Wallace, John, and Ching-Yang Chou. "Similarity and difference: Student cooperation in Taiwanese and Australian science classrooms." Science Education 85, no. 6 (2001): 694–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sce.1034.

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Chen, Ching‐Huei, and Craig Zimitat. "Understanding Taiwanese students' decision‐making factors regarding Australian international higher education." International Journal of Educational Management 20, no. 2 (February 2006): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513540610646082.

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46

Bridge, Douglas T., and Ming-Liang Lai. "East Meets West. Spirituality Training in Palliative Care: A Taiwanese-Australian Partnership." Journal of Palliative Care 25, no. 2 (June 2009): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/082585970902500210.

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47

Salem, Saber. "Chinese Foreign Aid to Fiji: Threat or Opportunity." China Report 56, no. 2 (April 29, 2020): 242–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009445520916875.

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China’s political, economic and cultural influence is steadily rising in Fiji and the Pacific region as a whole. The Sino–Fiji cooperation deepened at multiple levels after the Fijian military assumed power through a coup d’état and removed the civilian government from power in late 2006. This ‘undemocratic behaviour’ infuriated the two regional powers—Australia and New Zealand who then applied sanctions on Fiji, particularly the military brass, and encouraged their counterparts as well as multilateral aid organisations to ‘punish’ Fiji’s military ‘regime’. The military government in order to derail the impact of sanctions from its traditional donors adopted the ‘Look North Policy’, which was opening cooperation with China and attracting Chinese investment in Fiji. China welcomed the friendship gesture and furnished Fiji with financial assistance. This Chinese friendship was also due to Taiwanese involvement in the region, which was providing aid for diplomatic recognition and support at the UN. The ‘microstates’ hold about 7 per cent of UN votes. Both China and Taiwan need their votes at multilateral organisations and given that these microstates are mostly aid-dependent economies, initiated an era of Chequebook diplomacy, which is basically money for diplomatic recognition in the case of Taiwan or acceptance of One China Policy in the case of China. The microstates have time and again switched between China and Taiwan and played one against the other to get more aid money out of their diplomatic rivalry. The Sino–Taiwan aid competition in the Pacific forced US to make a strong comeback and ensure that China under the pretext of denying Taiwan space in the region actually spies on the US activities in the region. As a result, the US and its regional allies have significantly increased their foreign aid to the island nations in order to coax them to diminish their level of financial dependence on China. So far, they have not been successful enough and China’s aid package has gone far beyond the level US is giving. Today, China is the second largest donor to the region and largest financier to Fiji. Fiji has become the ace in this game as it is the regional hub of the Pacific Island states. Bearing the current high level of aid competition between traditional and emerging donors in mind, it is too early to judge whether Chinese aid will cause more harm to Fiji than benefit or vice versa. It also entirely depends on the Fijian government as to how much it relies on Chinese aid and how clean Chinese are with their soft loans. China has been blamed for not being clear and specific about the terms and conditions of its concessional loans. This vagueness and secrecy that is associated with Chinese aid been a cause for concern, especially among traditional donors.

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Grice, Martine, and Frank Kügler. "Prosodic Prominence – A Cross-Linguistic Perspective." Language and Speech 64, no. 2 (June 2021): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00238309211015768.

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This paper is concerned with the contributions of signal-driven and expectation-driven mechanisms to a general understanding of the phenomenon of prosodic prominence from a cross-linguistic perspective. It serves as an introduction to the concept of prosodic prominence and discusses the eight papers in the Special Issue, which cover a genetically diverse range of languages. These include Djambarrpuyŋu (an Australian Pama-Nyungan language), Samoan (an Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian language), the Indo-European languages English (Germanic), French (Romance), and Russian (Slavic), Korean (Koreanic), Medumba (Bantu), and two Sino-Tibetan languages, Mandarin and Taiwanese Southern Min.

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Lai, Chi-Wan. "Experiences of Accreditation of Medical Education in Taiwan." Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions 6 (December 20, 2009): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2009.6.2.

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This review aims to introduce the Taiwanese Medical Accreditation System: its history, role and future goals. In 1999, the Ministry of Education, Taiwanese Government commissioned the non-profit National Health Research Institutes (NHRI) to develop a new medical accreditation system. According to that policy, the Taiwan Medical Accreditation Council (TMAC) was established in the same year. The council serves a similar function to that of the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME) of the United States and the Australian Medical Council (AMC). The accreditation process consists of a self-assessment plus a four-day site visit by a team of eight medical educators that are headed by one of the council members of the TMAC. The first cycle of initial visits was completed from 2001 to 2004. Subsequent follow-up visits were arranged according to the results of the survey with smaller-sized teams and shorter periods. There is evidence to suggest that the majority (seven of eleven) of the medical schools in Taiwan have made good progress. TMAC?占퐏 next step will be to monitor the progress and raise the standard of medical education in individual schools with a homogenous, superior standard of medical education.

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Brauer, Ruth, Ian Chi Kei Wong, Kenneth KC Man, Nicole L. Pratt, Rae Woong Park, Soo-Yeon Cho, Yu-Chuan (Jack) Li, Usman Iqbal, Phung-Anh Alex Nguyen, and Martijn Schuemie. "Application of a Common Data Model (CDM) to rank the paediatric user and prescription prevalence of 15 different drug classes in South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan and Australia: an observational, descriptive study." BMJ Open 10, no. 1 (January 2020): e032426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032426.

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ObjectiveTo measure the paediatric user and prescription prevalence in inpatient and ambulatory settings in South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan and Australia by age and gender. A further objective was to list the most commonly used drugs per drug class, per country.Design and settingHospital inpatient and insurance paediatric healthcare data from the following databases were used to conduct this descriptive drug utilisation study: (i) the South Korean Ajou University School of Medicine database; (ii) the Hong Kong Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System; (iii) the Japan Medical Data Center; (iv) Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database and (v) the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. Country-specific data were transformed into the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model.PatientsChildren (≤18 years) with at least 1 day of observation in any of the respective databases from January 2009 until December 2013 were included.Main outcome measuresFor each drug class, we assessed the per-protocol overall user and prescription prevalence rates (per 1000 persons) per country and setting.ResultsOur study population comprised 1 574 524 children (52.9% male). The highest proportion of dispensings was recorded in the youngest age category (<2 years) for inpatients (45.1%) with a relatively high user prevalence of analgesics and antibiotics. Adrenergics, antihistamines, mucolytics and corticosteroids were used in 10%–15% of patients. For ambulatory patients, the highest proportion of dispensings was recorded in the middle age category (2–11 years, 67.1%) with antibiotics the most dispensed drug overall.ConclusionsCountry-specific paediatric drug utilisation patterns were described, ranked and compared between four East Asian countries and Australia. The widespread use of mucolytics in East Asia warrants further investigation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Taiwanese Australia'

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