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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Yao, Huai, Jiuba Wen, Yi Xiong, Ya Liu, Yan Lu, and Wei Cao. "Microstructures, Mechanical Properties, and Corrosion Behavior of As-Cast Mg–2.0Zn–0.5Zr–xGd (wt %) Biodegradable Alloys." Materials 11, no. 9 (August 30, 2018): 1564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11091564.

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The Mg–Zn–Zr–Gd alloys belong to a group of biometallic alloys suitable for bone substitution. While biocompatibility arises from the harmlessness of the metals, the biocorrosion behavior and its origins remain elusive. Here, aiming for the tailored biodegradability, we prepared the Mg–2.0Zn–0.5Zr–xGd (wt %) alloys with different Gd percentages (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5), and studied their microstructures and biocorrosion behavior. Results showed that adding a moderate amount of Gd into Mg–2.0Zn–0.5Zr alloys will refine and homogenize α-Mg grains, change the morphology and distribution of (Mg, Zn)3Gd, and lead to enhancement of mechanical properties and anticorrosive performance. At the optimized content of 3.0%, the fishbone-shaped network, ellipsoidal, and rod-like (Mg, Zn)3Gd phase turns up, along with the 14H-type long period stacking ordered (14H-LPSO) structures decorated with nanoscale rod-like (Mg, Zn)3Gd phases. The 14H-LPSO structure only exists when x ≥ 3.0, and its content increases with the Gd content. The Mg–2.0Zn–0.5Zr–3.0Gd alloy possesses a better ultimate tensile strength of 204 ± 3 MPa, yield strength of 155 ± 3 MPa, and elongation of 10.6 ± 0.6%. Corrosion tests verified that the Mg–2.0Zn–0.5Zr–3.0Gd alloy possesses the best corrosion resistance and uniform corrosion mode. The microstructure impacts on the corrosion resistance were also studied.
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2

Shao, Xiaohong, Huajie Yang, Jeff T. M. De Hosson, and Xiuliang Ma. "Microstructural Characterization of Long-Period Stacking Ordered Phases in Mg97Zn1Y2 (at.%) Alloy." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, no. 6 (July 30, 2013): 1575–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927613012750.

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AbstractTransmission electron microscopy characterization of two major long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phases in Mg–Zn–Y alloy, i.e., 18R- and 14H-LPSO are reported. The space group and atomic-scale microstructures of both compounds were determined using a combination of electron diffraction, convergent beam electron diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy. The 18R-LPSO phase is demonstrated to have a point group and space group 3m and R3m (or 3m and R3m), with the lattice parameter a = 1.112 nm and c = 4.689 nm in a hexagonal coordinate system. The 14H-LPSO phase has a point group 6/mmm and a space group P63 /mmc, and the lattice parameter is a = 1.112 nm and c = 3.647 nm. In addition, insertion of extra thin Mg platelets of several atomic layers, results in stacking faults in the LPSO phase. These results may shed some new light on a better understanding of the microstructure and deformation mechanisms of LPSO phases in Mg alloys.
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3

Chisholm, M., S. J. Pennycook, Z. Yang, and G. Duscher. "Dislocations, stacking faults and interfaces in a Mg-Zn-Y alloy with long-period stacking ordered phases." Microscopy and Microanalysis 18, S2 (July 2012): 362–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927612003662.

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4

Garcés, G., P. Pérez, S. González, and P. Adeva. "Development of long-period ordered structures during crystallisation of amorphous Mg80Cu10Y10 and Mg83Ni9Y8." International Journal of Materials Research 97, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2006-0067.

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Abstract The different transformations occurring during the crystallisation of amorphous Mg80Cu10Y10 and Mg83Ni9Y8 alloys have been elucidated. The formation of several unknown metastable phases was observed. The present work confirms that such phases exhibit long-period structures originated by the periodic alignment of (Y, TM)-layers (TM: transition metal). The long-period stacking-ordered phase, identified in the crystallised Ni-containing alloy, is stable at higher temperatures than that in the Cu-containing alloy.
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5

Kishida, Kyosuke, Hideyuki Yokobayashi, Atsushi Inoue, and Haruyuki Inui. "Crystal Structures of Long-Period Stacking-Ordered Phases in the Mg-TM-RE Ternary Systems." MRS Proceedings 1516 (2013): 291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.17.

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ABSTRACTCrystal structures of long-period stacking-ordered (LPSO) phases in the Mg-TM (transition-metal)-RE(rare-earth) systems were investigated by atomic resolution high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). The 18R-type LPSO phase is constructed by stacking 6-layer structural blocks, each of which contains four consecutive close-packed planes enriched with TM and RE atoms. Formation of the TM6RE8 clusters with the L12 type atomic arrangement is commonly observed in both Mg-Al-Gd and Mg-Zn-Y LPSO phases. The difference between the crystal structures of Mg-Al-Gd and Mg-Zn-Y LPSO phases can be interpreted as the difference in the in-plane ordering of the TM6RE8 clusters in the structural block. The Mg-Al-Gd LPSO phase exhibits a long-range in-plane ordering of Gd and Al, which can be described by the periodic arrangement of the Al6Gd8 clusters with the L12 type atomic arrangement on lattice points of a two-dimensional 2$\sqrt 3 $aMg × 2$\sqrt 3 $aMg primitive hexagonal lattice, although the LPSO phase in the Zn/Y-poor Mg-Zn-Y alloys exhibits a shortrange in-plane ordering of the Zn6Y8 clusters.
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6

Wu, Xia, Fusheng Pan, and Renju Cheng. "Formation of long period stacking ordered phases in Mg-10Gd-1Zn-0.5Zr (wt.%) alloy." Materials Characterization 147 (January 2019): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2018.10.022.

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7

Zhuang, Yuanlin, Li Ye, Yu Liu, Shengbo Gao, Dongshan Zhao, Shuangfeng Jia, He Zheng, Jianian Gui, and Jianbo Wang. "Incoherent long period stacking ordered phases and age-hardening in Mg-Gd-Ga alloys." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 832 (August 2020): 154841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154841.

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8

Ma, Shang Yi, Li Min Liu, and Shao Qing Wang. "The Clustering of Zn6Y9 and its Predominant Role in Long Period Stacking Order Phases in Mg-Zn-Y Alloys: A First-Principles Study." Materials Science Forum 749 (March 2013): 569–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.749.569.

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The local structures of Zn and Y in the long period stacking order (LPSO) phase in Mg-Zn-Y system were investigated by first principles calculations in details. The clustering of Zn and Y atoms ranging from single stacking fault layer to four consecutive layers was explicitly demonstrated. The calculations indicate that Zn and Y atoms prefer clustering in the form of Zn6Y9 embedding in ABCA-type building block to the random or ordered arrangements of Zn and Y atoms being enriched in two stacking fault layers. The cluster of Zn6Y9 can be regarded as the ideal stoichiometric component of LPSO and it plays a predominant role in the LPSO phases. The formation of LPSO phases is highly associated with the Zn6Y9 cluster and its derivatives.
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9

Zong, Xi-Mei, Dan Wang, Wei Liu, Kai-Bo Nie, Chun-Xiang Xu, and Jin-Shan Zhang. "Effect of Precipitated Phases on Corrosion of Mg95.8Gd3Zn1Zr0.2 Alloy with Long-Period Stacking Ordered Structure." Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) 29, no. 1 (January 2016): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40195-015-0359-9.

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10

Kishida, Kyosuke, Kaito Nagai, Akihide Matsumoto, Akira Yasuhara, and Haruyuki Inui. "Crystal structures of highly-ordered long-period stacking-ordered phases with 18R, 14H and 10H-type stacking sequences in the Mg–Zn–Y system." Acta Materialia 99 (October 2015): 228–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2015.08.004.

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11

Fan, Touwen, Zhipeng Wang, Yuanyuan Tian, Yu Liu, and Pingying Tang. "High-Throughput Predictions of the Stabilities of Multi-Type Long-Period Stacking Ordered Structures in High-Performance Mg Alloys." Nanomaterials 12, no. 18 (September 18, 2022): 3240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12183240.

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The effects of 44 types of elements on the stabilities of I1-constitute multi-type long-period stacking-ordered (LPSO) structures in Mg alloys, such as 4H, 6H, 8H, 9R, 12H, 15R, and 16H phases, are systematically investigated by first-principle high-performance calculations. The intrinsic stacking-fault energies (ISFEs) and their increments are calculated along with the formation enthalpies of solute atoms, and interaction energies between solute atoms and LPSO structures. The results suggest that the 15R phase is the easiest to form and stabilize among these LPSO structures, and 44 types of solute atoms have different segregation characteristics in these LPSO structures. A high temperature inhibits structural stabilizations of the LPSO phases, and these alloying elements, such as elements (Sb, Te, and Cs) for 4H; elements (S, Fe, Sb, and Te) for 6H, 8H, 9R, 15R, and 16H; and elements (S, Sb, and Te) for 12H, can effectively promote the stability of LPSO structures at high temperatures. S and Fe atoms are the most likely to promote the stabilities of the 16H structure with regard to other LPSO phases, but the Fe atom tends to inhibit the stabilities of 4H and 12H structures. This work can offer valuable references to further study and develop high-performance Mg alloys with multi-type LPSO structures.
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12

Ruan, Yongxin, Changrong Li, Yuping Ren, Xiaopan Wu, R. Schmid-Fetzer, Cuiping Guo, and Zhenmin Du. "Phases equilibrated with long-period stacking ordered phases in the Mg-rich corner of the Mg-Y-Zn system." Journal of Materials Science & Technology 68 (March 2021): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2020.08.019.

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13

KIMURA, Shigeru, and Nobuhiro YASUDA. "1501 Structure Investigation of Long-period Stacking Ordered Phases in Mg Alloys using Synchrotron Radiation Microbeam." Proceedings of The Computational Mechanics Conference 2013.26 (2013): _1501–1_—_1501–2_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecmd.2013.26._1501-1_.

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14

Yin, Jian, Chunhui Lu, Xiujun Ma, Binyu Dai, and Hai-lin Chen. "Investigation of two-phase Mg-Gd-Ni alloys with highly stable long period stacking ordered phases." Intermetallics 68 (January 2016): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2015.09.006.

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15

Hu, W. W., Z. Q. Yang, and H. Q. Ye. "Cottrell atmospheres along dislocations in long-period stacking ordered phases in a Mg–Zn–Y alloy." Scripta Materialia 117 (May 2016): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2016.02.030.

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16

Wang, Jingfeng, Weiyan Jiang, Shengfeng Guo, Yang Li, and Yao Ma. "The Effect of Rod-Shaped Long-Period Stacking Ordered Phases Evolution on Corrosion Behavior of Mg95.33Zn2Y2.67 Alloy." Materials 11, no. 5 (May 16, 2018): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11050815.

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17

Li, Y. X., G. z. Zhu, D. Qiu, D. D. Yin, Y. H. Rong, and M. X. Zhang. "The intrinsic effect of long period stacking ordered phases on mechanical properties in Mg-RE based alloys." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 660 (March 2016): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.11.098.

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18

Nie, J. F., Y. M. Zhu, and A. J. Morton. "On the Structure, Transformation and Deformation of Long-Period Stacking Ordered Phases in Mg-Y-Zn Alloys." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 45, no. 8 (April 29, 2014): 3338–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-014-2301-6.

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19

Yang, Zhi Qing, Wei Wei Hu, and Heng Qiang Ye. "Mg-Zn-Y Alloys with Long-Period Stacking Ordered Phases: Deformation, Creep, Solute Segregation and Strengthening Mechanisms at Elevated Temperatures." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 2204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.2204.

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Mg-Zn-Y alloys with long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phases have superior strength at elevated temperatures. We studied plastic deformation and creep behavior of a Mg97Zn1Y2 (at.%) alloy. Deformation kinking of the LPSO phase plays an important role in strengthening the alloy during compression at elevated temperatures. Growth stacking faults with Zn/Y segregation can act as obstacles to non-basal slip and deformation twinning in Mg matrix. The tensile creep strain was only about 0.01% under a tensile stress of 70MPa for 100h at 200 °C, demonstrating excellent creep resistance of this alloy. Generation and motion of basal dislocations led to bending of LPSO phase during tensile creep of the Mg97Zn1Y2 (at.%) alloy. Plastic deformation in Mg grains was mostly achieved through basal slip during creep at temperatures below 200 °C, while non-basal slip through the generation and motion of “a + c” dislocations was activated with increasing the temperature to 200 °C and above. Dissociation of dislocations and Suzuki segregation on basal planes occurred widely in Mg matrix, which hindered dislocation motion and thus played an important role in preventing Mg grains from softening during deformation at elevated temperatures. In addition, Cottrell atmospheres were observed along dislocations in plastically deformed LPSO phase, impeding motion of dislocations. The superior strength and creep resistance of the Mg97Zn1Y2 (at.%) alloy at elevated temperatures are thus associated with the LPSO phase, stacking faults in Mg grains, formation of Cottrell atmospheres in LPSO and occurrence of Suzuki segregation in Mg.
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20

Lu, Ruopeng, Kai Jiao, Yuhong Zhao, Kun Li, Keyu Yao, and Hua Hou. "A Study on the Damping Capacities of Mg–Zn–Y-Based Alloys with Lamellar Long Period Stacking Ordered Phases by Preparation Process." Metals 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11010079.

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Mg alloys with fine mechanical properties and high damping capacities are essential in engineering applications. In this work, Mg–Zn–Y based alloys with lamellar long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phases were obtained by different processes. The results show that a more lamellar second phase can be obtained in the samples with more solid solution atoms. The density of the lamellar LPSO phase has an obvious effect on the damping of the magnesium alloy. The compact LPSO phase is not conducive to dislocation damping, but sparse lamellar phases can improve the damping capacity without significantly reducing the mechanical properties. The Mg95.3Zn2Y2.7 alloy with lamellar LPSO phases and ~100 μm grain size exhibited a fine damping property of 0.110 at ε = 10–3.
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21

Garces, Gerardo, Pablo Pérez, Rafael Barea, Judit Medina, Andreas Stark, Norbert Schell, and Paloma Adeva. "Increase in the Mechanical Strength of Mg-8Gd-3Y-1Zn Alloy Containing Long-Period Stacking Ordered Phases Using Equal Channel Angular Pressing Processing." Metals 9, no. 2 (February 13, 2019): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9020221.

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The evolution of the microstructure and mechanical properties during equal channel angular pressing processing has been studied in an extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Zn alloy containing long-period stacking ordered phases. After extrusion, the microstructure is characterized by the presence of long-period stacking ordered fibers elongated along the extrusion direction within the magnesium matrix. The grain structure is a mixture of randomly oriented dynamic recrystallized and coarse highly oriented non-dynamic recrystallized grains. Rare-earth atoms are in solid solution after extrusion at 400 °C and precipitation takes place during the thermal treatment at 200 °C. Precipitation of β’ prismatic plates and lamellar γ’ in the basal plane increases the tensile yield stress from 325 to 409 MPa. During equal channel angular pressing processing at 300 °C, the volume fraction of dynamic recrystallized grains continuously increases with the strain introduced during the equal channel angular pressing process. Precipitation of β phase is equally observed at grain boundaries of the ECAPed alloy. Dynamic recrystallized grain size decreases from 1.8 µm in the extruded material to 0.5 µm in the ECAPed alloy. Thermal treatment at 200 °C of ECAPed materials results in an increase of the yield stress up to 456 MPa, which is maintained up to 200 °C.
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22

Saito, Kaichi, Shingo Kuzuya, Masahiko Nishijima, Katsuhiko Sato, and Kenji Hiraga. "HAADF-STEM Study of Long-Period Stacking-Ordered Phases Formed in the Quaternary Mg–Li–Y–Zn Alloys." MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 59, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 1259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.m2018123.

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23

Shao, Jianbo, Zhiyong Chen, Tao Chen, and Chuming Liu. "Deformation Mechanism of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr Alloy Containing Long-Period Stacking Ordered Phases During Hot Rolling." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 51, no. 4 (February 5, 2020): 1911–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-020-05667-7.

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24

Liu, Huan, He Huang, Jia-Peng Sun, Ce Wang, Jing Bai, Ai-Bin Ma, and Xian-Hua Chen. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg–RE–TM Cast Alloys Containing Long Period Stacking Ordered Phases: A Review." Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) 32, no. 3 (December 6, 2018): 269–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40195-018-0862-x.

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25

Itoi, Takaomi. "Preparation of Mg-TM-Y (TM=Transition Metal) Alloys with Long Period Stacking Ordered Phase and their Superior Mechanical Properties." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 815–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.815.

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Mg-Ni-Y alloy with composition ratio of 1 : 2 (Ni : Y) consisted of Mg, and 18R-type long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phases, whereas composition ratio of 1 : 1 (Ni : Y) consisted of Mg,14H-type LPSO and Mg2Ni phases, respectively. After hot-rolling at 693K, strong basal texture parallel to the plane sheet was formed in the LPSO, and Mg phases. Tensile test was performed along rolling direction (R.D) from room temperature (R.T) to 573K. The Mg98Ni1Y1, Mg96Ni2Y2, Mg94Ni3Y3, Mg97Ni1Y2 and Mg94Ni2Y4 rolled sheets exhibited 0.2% proof stress (σ0.2) of 232MPa, 255MPa, 358MPa, 337MPa and 393MPa, and elongation (δ) of 6%, 5%, 7%, 15% and 7% at R.T, respectively. The σ0.2 of the Mg-Ni-Y rolled sheet tend to increase with increasing of area fraction of the LPSO phase. After annealing at 773K for 0.6ks, the δ of Mg-Ni-Y rolled sheet tend to increase, while the σ0.2 decreased due to randomization of the Mg phase by re-crystallization. The Mg-Ni-Y rolled sheets exhibited high σ0.2 above 200MPa at 473K. Additionally, it was noted that σ0.2 of the Mg94Ni2Y4 rolled sheet exhibited 329MPa at 473K and 211MPa at 573K. Thus, the LPSO phase have high thermal stability and is attribute to strengthening of the Mg-Ni-Y alloy sheet at high temperature.
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26

Liao, Hongxin, Taekyung Lee, Jiangfeng Song, Jonghyun Kim, and Fusheng Pan. "Effects of Substitution of Y with Yb and Ce on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Mg88.5Zn5Y6.5." Metals 11, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11010031.

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The microstructures and mechanical properties of the Mg88.5Zn5Y6.5-XREX (RE = Yb and Ce, X = 0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5) (wt.%) alloys were investigated in the present study. Mg88.5Zn5Y6.5 is composed of three phases, namely, α-Mg, long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phases, and intermetallic compounds. The content of the LPSO phases decreased with the addition of Ce and Yb, and no LPSO phases were detected in Mg88.5Zn5Y2.0Yb4.5. The alloys containing the LPSO phases possessed a stratified microstructure and exhibited excellent mechanical properties. Mg88.5Zn5Y5.0Ce1.5 exhibited the highest creep resistance and mechanical strength at both room temperature and 200 °C, owing to its suitable microstructure and high thermal stability. The yield strength of Mg88.5Zn5Y5.0Ce1.5 at room temperature was 358 MPa. The ultimate tensile strength of Mg88.5Zn5Y5.0Ce1.5 at room temperature and 200 °C was 453 MPa and 360 MPa, respectively.
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27

Yokota, Atsuki, Masafumi Matsushita, Naruhito Geshi, Daiki Yamasaki, Toru Shinmei, Michiaki Yamasaki, and Yoshihito Kawamura. "Formation Process of Long-Period Stacking-Ordered Structures in Mg97Zn1Y2 Alloy Comprising HCP and Cubic Phases Fabricated by High-Pressure High-Temperature Annealing." Metals 11, no. 7 (June 26, 2021): 1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11071031.

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As-cast Mg97Zn1Y2 alloy consists of α-Mg matrix and 18R-type long-period stacking-ordered (LPSO) structures. We observed that the alloy undergoes a phase transformation to D03 superlattices and α-Mg matrix due to high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) annealing at 3 GPa and above 773 K. Further, the alloy recovered after HPHT annealing, consisting of the α-Mg matrix and D03 superlattices, transformed into 18R-type LPSO structures during further annealing at ambient pressure. An fcc structure with a lattice parameter of 1.42 nm, which was twice that of D03, emerged in both the collapse process of the 18R-type LPSO structure under high-pressure, and the formation process of the 18R-type LPSO structure at ambient pressure. This fcc phase was an intermediate structure between 18R-type LPSO and D03. From the electron diffraction results, it is considered that 18R-type LPSO is continuously present with 2H including stacking faults, which almost corresponded with previous studies.
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28

Zhou, Xiaojie, Chuming Liu, Yonghao Gao, Shunong Jiang, and Zhiyong Chen. "Mechanical Properties of the Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr Alloys with Different Morphologies of Long-Period Stacking Ordered Phases." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 27, no. 11 (October 23, 2018): 6237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-018-3713-z.

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29

Zhou, Xiaojie, Chuming Liu, Yonghao Gao, Shunong Jiang, Wenhui Liu, and Liwei Lu. "Hot compression behavior of the Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy filled with intragranular long-period stacking ordered phases." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 724 (November 2017): 528–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.07.088.

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30

Wei, Li-yun, Jin-shan Zhang, Wei Liu, Chun-xiang Xu, Zhi-yong You, and Kai-bo Nie. "Effect of Li on formation of long period stacking ordered phases and mechanical properties of Mg-Gd-Zn alloy." China Foundry 13, no. 4 (July 2016): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41230-016-5126-7.

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31

Cai, Xuecheng, Hui Fu, Jianxin Guo, and Qiuming Peng. "Negative Strain-Rate Sensitivity of Mg Alloys Containing 18R and 14H Long-Period Stacking-Ordered Phases at Intermediate Temperatures." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 45, no. 9 (May 21, 2014): 3703–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-014-2348-4.

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32

Drozdenko, Daria, Gergely Farkas, Pavol Šimko, Klaudia Fekete, Jan Čapek, Gerardo Garcés, Dong Ma, Ke An, and Kristián Máthis. "Influence of Volume Fraction of Long-Period Stacking Ordered Structure Phase on the Deformation Processes during Cyclic Deformation of Mg-Y-Zn Alloys." Crystals 11, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11010011.

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Deformation mechanisms in extruded Mg-Y-Zn alloys with different volume fractions of the long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) structure have been investigated during cyclic loading, i.e., compression followed by unloading and reverse tensile loading. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and in situ neutron diffraction (ND) techniques are used to determine strain path dependence of the deformation mechanisms. The twinning-detwinning mechanism operated in the α-Mg phase is of key importance for the subsequent hardening behavior of alloys with complex microstructures, consisting of α-Mg and LPSO phases. Besides the detailed analysis of the lattice strain development as a function of the applied stress, the dislocation density evolution in particular alloys is determined.
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33

Li, Wanpeng, Cuixiu Liu, Linlin Liu, Jacob C. Huang, and Wei Sun. "Activation of pyramidal II slips at room temperature in Mg–Zn–Y 18R and 14H long-period stacking ordered phases." Intermetallics 135 (August 2021): 107225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2021.107225.

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34

Xianghong Wang, Sheng Yang, Xiaojie Zhou, and Hongwei Hu. "Volume Fraction Detection of Long Period Stacking Ordered Phases in Mg Alloys Based on Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Packet Transform." Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing 57, no. 4 (April 2021): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1061830921040100.

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35

Ma, Zhen-Ning, Xun Wang, Ting-Ting Yan, Qiang Li, Qi-Cheng Xu, Jun-Long Tian, and Lei Wang. "First-principles study on thermodynamic stability and electronic characteristics of long-period stacking ordered phases in Mg–Zn–Y alloys." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 708 (June 2017): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.02.172.

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36

Zhang, Guanshi, Zhimin Zhang, Yue Du, Zhaoming Yan, and Xin Che. "Effect of Isothermal Repetitive Upsetting Extrusion on the Microstructure of Mg-12.0Gd-4.5Y-2.0Zn-0.4Zr Alloy." Materials 11, no. 11 (October 25, 2018): 2092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11112092.

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Repetitive upsetting extrusion (RUE) was applied to the as-homogenized Mg-12.0Gd-4.5Y-2Zn-0.4Zr (wt %) alloy at 773 K. The microstructure evolution of the alloy during RUE was investigated. The results indicated that almost all Mg5(Gd,Y,Zn) phases and fine-lamellar long-period stacking-ordered (LPSO) phases were dissolved into the matrix after homogenization treatment at 793 K for 16 h. After one RUE pass, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occurred. During subsequent RUE passes (from one to three passes), average volume fractions of DRXed grains increased from 43.9% to 65.8%, and that of fine-lamellar and block-shaped LPSO phases gradually decreased. All samples exhibited a typical bimodal microstructure consisting of some initial grains containing fine-lamellar LPSO phases, but consisting mostly of fine-DRXed grains with a mean grain size of 6 μm. Because of an increase in the accumulated strains, the coarse grains were substituted with fine-DRXed grains, the grains were gradually refined, and the microstructure distribution became more homogeneous.
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37

Kishida, Kyosuke, Kaito Nagai, Akihide Matsumoto, and Haruyuki Inui. "Data in support of crystal structures of highly-ordered long-period stacking-ordered phases with 18 R , 14 H and 10 H -type stacking sequences in the Mg–Zn–Y system." Data in Brief 5 (December 2015): 314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2015.09.005.

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38

Wang, Guoxin, Pingli Mao, Zhi Wang, Le Zhou, Feng Wang, and Zheng Liu. "Hot Deformation Behavior of an As-Extruded Mg-2.5Zn-4Y Alloy Containing LPSO Phases." Metals 12, no. 4 (April 14, 2022): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12040674.

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The hot deformation and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) characteristics of an as-extruded Mg-2.5Zn-4Y alloy containing long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phases were investigated using a Gleeble 3500 thermal simulator at temperatures (300–400 °C) and strain rates (0.001–1 s−1). The results revealed that low flow stress corresponded to a high temperature and a low strain rate. An increase in the temperature of deformation caused an increase in the amount of dynamic recrystallization. Additionally, as the strain rate decreased at a given deformation temperature, dislocations were less likely to cause pile-up and dynamic recrystallization was more appropriate, resulting in a lower stress value. Kink deformation was clearly minimized as the number of dynamic recrystallizations increased. The test alloy’s activation energy value was determined as 212.144 kJ/mol.
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39

Paramsothy, Muralidharan, and Manoj Gupta. "Effect of ZrB2 Nanoparticle Addition: Nano-LPSO-Grain Structured Ultra-High Strength Mg-RE Alloy." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.425.

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Currently, long period stacking/ordered phases (LPSO phases) are known to reinforceMg97Y2Zn1 type Mg-RE alloys. The LPSO phases are composed of a solid solution of Y and Znatoms placed orderly in long periods along the Mg basal plane. Also, an efficient way to strengthena polycrystalline material is to reduce its grain size. This increases the density of grain boundarieswhich impede the flow of dislocations. In many of the LPSO forming solidification processed Mg-RE alloys, the common practice is to solutionize the ingot, quench in warm water, hot extrude andthermally age. While this practice is suitable for obtaining high strength Mg-RE alloys, itconveniently employs the common idea in conventional metallurgy of fine intermetallicstrengthening while refining the grain size to within the micron regime. In this work, an alternativemethod involving boride nanoparticle addition to obtain a selected solidification processed ultrahighstrength (tensile yield strength > 400 MPa) Mg-RE alloy is discussed. Here, LPSO phaserather than fine intermetallic formation while retaining grain size under the micron regime ishighlighted.
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40

Jia, Lei Chen, Jian Min Yu, Guo Qin Wu, Wen Long Xu, Yong Gang Tian, and Zhi Min Zhang. "Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr Alloy during Compression." Materials Science Forum 1035 (June 22, 2021): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1035.278.

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The compression behavior and mechanical properties of the Mg-13Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr (wt.%) alloy filled with intragranular long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phases at different temperatures were investigated. The results showed that the higher the compression temperature, the smaller the plastic strain that the grains withstand. The grains changed from equiaxed to flat strips when compressed at 350°C, and the morphology of the grains did not change at 450°C. Due to the existence of DRX grains, compression at 450 °C didn’t cause large-angle kink, but the kink angle at 350°C was very large. DRX grains only appeared at the grain boundaries and around the intergranular LPSO phase at the beginning of compression, and only appear at the kink bands (KBs) after the lamellar LPSO phases begin to kink. DRX grains gradually increased with the KBs increasing.
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41

Itoi, Takaomi, Syuichi Fudetani, and Mitsuji Hirohashi. "Superplasticity of Mg-Zn-Y Alloy Prepared by Extrusion of Machined Chip." Materials Science Forum 735 (December 2012): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.735.259.

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Mg96Zn2Y2 (at.%) extruded alloy was fabricated by hot-extrusion of the Mg96Zn2Y2 machined chip. The Mg96Zn2Y2 extruded alloy consisted of a long period stacking ordered (LPSO)-, Mg3Zn3Y2- and Mg- phases. The Mg phase with mean grain size of 450 nm was confirmed by TEM. However, the LPSO- and Mg3Zn3Y2- phases had relatively large grain size compared with Mg phase. The Mg96Zn2Y2 extruded alloy also showed superplasticity at temperatures of 623 K and 723 K with initial strain rates from 2×10−1 s−1 to 2×10−3 s−1. The maximum elongation of 450 % was achieved at 723 K with an initial strain rate of 2×10−3 s−1. From TEM observation, it is considered that grain boundary sliding of Mg grains was dominant deformation mechanism of the Mg96Zn2Y2 extruded alloy at high temperature range.
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42

Ma Zhen-Ning, Zhou Quan, Wang Qing-Jie, Wang Xun, and Wang Lei. "First-principles study of the thermodynamic stabilities and electronic structures of long-period stacking ordered phases in Mg-Y-Cu alloys." Acta Physica Sinica 65, no. 23 (2016): 236101. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.65.236101.

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43

Guo, Yanlin, Qun Luo, Bin Liu, and Qian Li. "Elastic properties of long-period stacking ordered phases in Mg–Zn–Y and Mg–Ni–Y alloys: A first-principles study." Scripta Materialia 178 (March 2020): 422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2019.12.016.

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44

Wang, Yaping, Longtao Jiang, Risheng Pei, Guoqin Chen, Xiu Lin, Meihui Song, and Gaohui Wu. "Effect of long-period-stacking-ordered phases on the microstructure and mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced magnesium-gadolinium-zinc composite." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 708 (June 2017): 728–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.03.045.

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45

Kittner, Kristina, Madlen Ullmann, Falko Arndt, Rudolf Kawalla, and Ulrich Prahl. "Microstructure and Texture Evolution during Twin-Roll Casting and Annealing of a Mg–6.8Y2.5Zn–0.4Zr Alloy (WZ73)." Crystals 10, no. 6 (June 16, 2020): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10060513.

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In the present work, the microstructure and texture of a Mg–6.8Y–2.5Zn–0.4Zr sheet manufactured by twin-roll casting were investigated. The twin-roll cast state consisted of two apparent phases: the α-Mg matrix, which was made up of dobulites with an average grain size of approximately 50 µm and the LPSO (long-period stacking ordered) phase, which formed network-like precipitates along the grain boundaries. After twin-roll casting, annealing was carried out under conditions of different temperatures ranging from 450 °C to 525 °C and holding times between 2 h and 24 h. It was found that heat treatment led to the formation of a microstructure in which grains were apparent. Furthermore, it could be observed that high temperatures > 500 °C led to changes in the morphology of the LPSO structures. On one hand, the network-like structure dissolved while, on the other hand, both rodlike and blocky LPSO phases precipitated predominantly at the grain boundaries of the α-Mg matrix. This process was fostered by high temperatures and long holding times.
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46

Zhang, Jinshan, Chao Xin, Kaibo Nie, Weili Cheng, Hongxia Wang, and Chunxiang Xu. "Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–Zn–Dy–Zr alloy with long-period stacking ordered phases by heat treatments and ECAP process." Materials Science and Engineering: A 611 (August 2014): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2014.05.067.

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47

Xiao, Jianxiong, Zhiyong Chen, Jianbo Shao, Tao Chen, Xia Lin, and Chuming Liu. "Evolution of long-period stacking ordered phases and their effect on recrystallization in extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy during annealing." Materials Characterization 167 (September 2020): 110515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2020.110515.

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48

Lu, Ruopeng, Kai Jiao, Yuhong Zhao, Kun Li, Keyu Yao, and Hua Hou. "Influence of Long-Period-Stacking Ordered Structure on the Damping Capacities and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Zn-Y-Mn As-Cast Alloys." Materials 13, no. 20 (October 19, 2020): 4654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13204654.

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Magnesium alloys are concerned for its mechanical properties and high damping performance. The influence of Mn toward the internal organization morphology of long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) second phase and the consistent damping performance in Mg-4.9Zn-8.9Y-xMn have been studies in this work. It has shown that the addition of Mn tends to diffuse to the LPSO interface and causes the LPSO phase to expand in the arc direction. The circular structure of LPSO can optimize the damping property of the alloy better than the structure with strong orientation, especially at the strain of 10−3 and 250 °C. With more additions of Mn, damping would have a reduction due to the dispersed fine LPSO phases and α-Mn particles. When the Mn content is higher than 1.02%, the grain is refined, and mechanical properties have been significantly improved. Mg-4.9%Zn-8.9%Y-1.33%Mn shows the best mechanical property.
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49

Srinivasan, Amirthalingam, Yuan Ding Huang, Chamini Lakshi Mendis, Hajo Dieringa, Carsten Blawert, Karl Ulrich Kainer, and Norbert Hort. "Microstructure, Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Mg-Gd-Zn Alloys." Materials Science Forum 765 (July 2013): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.765.28.

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Microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of Mg-10Gd-2Zn and Mg-10Gd-6Zn (all in wt.%) were evaluated in the as-cast condition. The microstructures of both alloys contained (Mg, Zn)3Gd phase at the interdendritic regions and long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase distributed in the matrix. The Mg-10Gd-6Zn alloy consisted of a high volume fraction of (Mg,Zn)3Gd intermetallic phases continuously distributed along the grain boundaries. The tensile properties, especially the elongation to failure of the Mg-10Gd-6Zn alloy were slightly lower than those of Mg-10Gd-2Zn. An enhancement in creep resistance was observed with Mg-10Gd-2Zn alloy with the post creep tested microstructure showing dynamic precipitation. Corrosion studies indicated that increased Zn content, from 2 to 6 % in Mg-10Gd alloys, significantly reduced the corrosion resistance.
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50

Xue, Zhiyong, Xiuzhu Han, Zhiyong Zhou, Yanlin Wang, Xuesong Li, and Jiapeng Wu. "Effects of Microstructure and Texture Evolution on Strength Improvement of an Extruded Mg-10Gd-2Y-0.5Zn-0.3Zr Alloy." Metals 8, no. 12 (December 19, 2018): 1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8121087.

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The extrusion process with a large extrusion ratio (36:1) has a great effect on microstructure refinement and strength improvement of the Mg-10Gd-2Y-0.5Zn-0.3Zr alloy. The tensile yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation of the extruded alloy are 306MPa, 410MPa, and 16.3%, respectively. The causes of strength improvement of the extruded alloy are discussed in detail. The grain refinement is a main strengthening source, contributing ~67MPa to the tensile yield strength of the extruded alloy. Dense precipitation of long period stacking ordered (LPSO) and β′ phases on the matrix and transformation of texture type in the extrusion process also partly increase the strength. In addition, a small number of {10 1 ¯ 2} twins during tensile test is another factor improving the strength of the extruded alloy.
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