Journal articles: 'Tailored Fibre Placement'

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Crothers, P. J., K. Drechsler, D. Feltin, I. Herszberg, and T. Kruckenberg. "Tailored fibre placement to minimise stress concentrations." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 28, no. 7 (January 1997): 619–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-835x(97)00022-5.

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El-Dessouky, H. M., M. N. Saleh, M. Gautam, G. Han, R. J. Scaife, and P. Potluri. "Tailored fibre placement of commingled carbon-thermoplastic fibres for notch-insensitive composites." Composite Structures 214 (April 2019): 348–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.02.043.

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Mattheij, P., K. Gliesche, and D. Feltin. "3D reinforced stitched carbon/epoxy laminates made by tailored fibre placement." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 31, no. 6 (June 2000): 571–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-835x(99)00096-2.

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Lehrecke, August, Cody Tucker, Xiliu Yang, Piotr Baszynski, and Hanaa Dahy. "Tailored Lace: Moldless Fabrication of 3D Bio-Composite Structures through an Integrative Design and Fabrication Process." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (November 19, 2021): 10989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210989.

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This research demonstrates an integrative computational design and fabrication workflow for the production of surface-active fibre composites, which uses natural fibres, revitalises a traditional craft, and avoids the use of costly molds. Fibre-reinforced polymers (FRPs) are highly tunable building materials, which gain efficiency from fabrication techniques enabling controlled fibre direction and placement in tune with load-bearing requirements. These techniques have evolved closely with industrial textile processes. However, increased focus on automation within FRP fabrication processes have overlooked potential key benefits presented by some lesser-known traditional techniques of fibre arrangement. This research explores the process of traditional bobbin lace-making and applies it in a computer-aided design and fabrication process of a small-scale structural demonstrator in the form of a chair. The research exposes qualities that can expand the design space of FRPs, as well as speculates about the potential automation of the process. In addition, Natural Fibre-Reinforced Polymers (NFRP) are investigated as a sustainable and human-friendly alternative to more popular carbon and glass FRPs.

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Spickenheuer, A., M. Schulz, K. Gliesche, and G. Heinrich. "Using tailored fibre placement technology for stress adapted design of composite structures." Plastics, Rubber and Composites 37, no. 5 (June 2008): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174328908x309448.

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Wright, Tom, Thomas Bechtold, Alicia Bernhard, Avinash P. Manian, and Manuel Scheiderbauer. "Tailored fibre placement of carbon fibre rovings for reinforced polypropylene composite part 1: PP infusion of carbon reinforcement." Composites Part B: Engineering 162 (April 2019): 703–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.01.016.

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Cordin, Michael, and Thomas Bechtold. "Physical properties of lyocell-reinforced polypropylene composites from intermingled fibre with varying fibre volume fractions." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 31, no. 8 (October 19, 2017): 1029–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705717734594.

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Polypropylene (PP)-cellulose fibre blends exhibit substantial potential for the production of high-performance textile fibre–reinforced composites. The production of reinforced parts from PP-cellulose composites through thermal shaping of intermingled fibre blends is a strategy to form parts which exhibit superior mechanical properties. In this study, the use of intermingled fibre slivers with different ratios of lyocell fibres (CLY) and PP fibres as raw materials for thermally formed composites was investigated. Such a concept will maximize the interface between the reinforcement fibres and polymer matrix. The cellulose fibres remain oriented along the direction in which the drawing process was performed, which forms the basis for tailored fibre placement in technical production. Because of good surface contact between the cellulose fibre surface and PP matrix, no special coupling agents were required to improve the interfacial adhesion between the two different polymers. The share of CLY and PP fibres in the composite varied from 50% w/w CLY content, up to 70% w/w CLY. Besides analysis of the mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and E-modulus, attention was directed towards moisture sorption of the composites. The rate of sorption and amount of water bound in the composite were found to be dependent on the cellulose fibre content. Composites with a higher CLY content exhibited a more rapid and higher moisture uptake. In water saturated state, the ultimate tensile strength of composites reduced from 160 MPa to 90 MPa, which is an indicator for a reduced adhesion between the CLY surface and PP matrix. The results indicate the potential of the intermingled fibre concept blend for the efficient manufacturing of composite parts.

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Domenech-Pastor, J., P. Diaz-Garcia, and D. Garcia. "CARBON FIBRE ALIGNMENT FOR REINFORCED COMPOSITES USING EMBROIDERY TECHNOLOGY." TEXTEH Proceedings 2021 (October 22, 2021): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/tt.2021.14.

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Composites are materials formed by the combination of two or more components that acquire better properties than the ones obtained by each component on its own. Composites have been widely used in the industry due to its light weight and good mechanical properties. To improve these properties several layers of reinforced material (e.g., carbon fibre) are overlapped which produce an increase in the fibre consumption. In this sense Tailored Fibre Placement (TFP) embroidery can offer good opportunity to reduce the consumption of reinforced fibre while improving the mechanical properties due to the alignment of the fibres in the effort direction. This study analyzes the performance of carbon fibre reinforced composites with Polyester resin made with TFP embroidery technology against flexural strength efforts and without using plain woven fabrics to demonstrate that the use of reinforcement fabrics in composites can be optimized by a curved alignment of the fibers. Two different structures were embroidered with TFP technology, one simulating a woven fabric with straight unidirectional alignment of fibres in horizontal and vertical direction, and a second structure made with curvilinear alignment of carbon fibers. After the study of the flexural mechanical properties an improvement of 18% was obtained in maximum flexural strength.

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Astwood, Simon, Kiran Krishnamurthy, and Ashutosh Tiwari. "A strategy to analyse composite designs to improve automated production speeds." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 232, no. 1 (July 27, 2016): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405416660996.

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When a composite laminate is tailored to suit its design intent, it is possible to improve the individual ply shapes to reduce component mass. If the laminate is going to be manufactured using an automated deposition system such as an automated fibre placement machine, then the design of the laminate will also influence the material deposition speed. This article identifies methodologies for indicating the likely impact on automated manufacture at the design optimisation stage by evaluating the ratio of ply perimeter to ply surface area when the laminate is defined as a simplified array of cells which are filled or unfilled to create a two-dimensional representation of the ply shape. A set of recommendations are made for using the methodology for improving deposition speed.

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Gliesche, K. "Application of the tailored fibre placement (TFP) process for a local reinforcement on an “open-hole” tension plate from carbon/epoxy laminates." Composites Science and Technology 63, no. 1 (January 2003): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-3538(02)00178-1.

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Khodunov, A. A., V. V. Bogachev, and A. S. Borodulin. "Advances in tailored fiber placement technology." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1990, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1990/1/012041.

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Mattheij, Paul, Konrad Gliesche, and Dirk Feltin. "Tailored Fiber Placement-Mechanical Properties and Applications." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 17, no. 9 (June 1998): 774–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073168449801700901.

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Ashir, Moniruddoza, Andreas Nocke, and Chokri Cherif. "Adaptive fiber-reinforced plastics based on open reed weaving and tailored fiber placement technology." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 9-10 (October 23, 2019): 981–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519884578.

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The textile-technical integration of shape memory alloys into reinforcing fabrics for the development of adaptive fiber-reinforced plastics (FRPs) has been developed in recent years. This is aimed at reproduction, automation, and series production as well as reduced delamination of shape memory alloys in FRPs, and higher force transmission from shape memory alloys to FRPs. This type of integration can be executed in several ways, for example, by weaving or by tailored fiber placement technology. We present a comparative study of the functional properties of adaptive FRPs based on both types of technology. In order to conduct this study, functionalized reinforcing fabrics for the formation of adaptive FRPs were produced by open reed weaving and tailored fiber placement technology. Subsequently, they were infused by means of a thermosetting resin system. After the fabrication of adaptive FRPs, their functional properties were characterized and evaluated. Results show that the maximum deformation of adaptive FRPs produced by open reed weaving technology was higher than those produced by tailored fiber placement technology. Therefore, the adaptive FRPs produced by open reed weaving technology are more suitable for the formation of grippers, aerodynamically effective flaps, or robotic hands than that of adaptive FRPs produced by tailored fiber placement technology.

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MIYAJIMA, Wataru, Daichi MURAKAMI, Shinya HONDA, and Yoshihiro NARITA. "Fabrication of Thermoplastic Composite by Tailored Fiber Placement Machine." Proceedings of Conference of Hokkaido Branch 2016.54 (2016): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmehokkaido.2016.54.83.

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Bohler, Patrick, Stefan Carosella, Christopher Goetz, and Peter Middendorf. "Path Definition for Tailored Fiber Placement Structures Using Numerical Reverse Draping Approach." Key Engineering Materials 651-653 (July 2015): 446–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.651-653.446.

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The properties of fiber reinforced materials are depending on the fiber direction. During draping processes - which are necessary to form complex structures - the fiber direction and therefore the resulting properties of the final part are changing.To ensure that the fibers in the final complex structure are placed exactly in the direction needed, a new approach is investigated.The idea is to define the orientation of the reinforcement fibers based on the distribution of forces in a complex structure under certain loading determined by a structural simulation. Best lightweight behavior is achievable in the final complex structure. A three-dimensional mesoscopic model of the directed fibers is created using FEM-software. In reverse draping simulations the three-dimensional fibers are formed from complex shape to a two-dimensional flat sheet.In manufacturing the two-dimensional patches can be created using the tailored fiber placement process. With this process it is possible to place the fibers orientated to the required paths. The patches are formed to the necessary three-dimensional shape by a real draping process. The relative sliding behavior of crossing fibers can be achieved by varying the stitch during the TFP process.Using that approach it is possible to create lightweight structures in which fibers are orientated directly along the load paths of the three-dimensional application.

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HAYASHI, Toshiya, Kazutoshi TAMAI, Shinya HONDA, and Yoshihiro NARITA. "Vibration Characteristics of laminated composite with curvilinear fiber fabricated by tailored fiber placement." Proceedings of the Dynamics & Design Conference 2016 (2016): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedmc.2016.157.

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Honda, Shinya. "Multi-Objective Optimization of Variable-Stiffness Composites Fabricated by Tailored Fiber Placement Machine." EPI International Journal of Engineering 2, no. 1 (June 27, 2019): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25042/epi-ije.022019.04.

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A multi-objective optimization method for the laminated composite fabricated by a tailored fiber placement machine that is an application of embroidering machine is presented. The mechanical properties of composite with curvilinear fibers including stiffness, volume fraction, and density are variable depending on curvatures of fibers. The present study first measures the relation between curvatures and mechanical properties. The measured results indicate that the stiffness of composite decreases linearly as the curvature increases. Then, the obtained relation is applied to the multi-objective optimization where the maximum principal strain and magnitude of curvature are employed as objective functions. Obtained Pareto optimum solutions are widely distributed ranging from the solutions with curvilinear fibers to those with straight fibers, and the curvilinear fiber has still advantages over straight fiber even its weakened stiffness.

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MURAKAMI, Daichi, Shinya HONDA, Katsuhiko SASAKI, and Ryo TAKEDA. "Press Forming of Thermoplastic Composite Fabricated by Tailored Fiber Placement Machine." Proceedings of the Dynamics & Design Conference 2018 (2018): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedmc.2018.140.

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Uhlig, K., M. Tosch, L. Bittrich, A. Leipprand, S. Dey, A. Spickenheuer, and G. Heinrich. "Meso-scaled finite element analysis of fiber reinforced plastics made by Tailored Fiber Placement." Composite Structures 143 (May 2016): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.01.049.

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Richter, Emanuel, Axel Spickenheuer, Lars Bittrich, Kai Uhlig, and Gert Heinrich. "Mechanical Design of Intersection Points of Tailored Fiber Placement Made Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic Truss-Like Structures." Key Engineering Materials 809 (June 2019): 452–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.809.452.

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The presented study emphasizes a favored design for carbon fiber reinforced plastic fiber patterns at intersection points of truss-like structures made with the Tailored Fiber Placement technology. Three different pattern types have been experimentally and numerically analyzed. A straight fiber crossing is the most simple design, but it cannot compete against a fanned out fiber pattern regarding structural stiffness, where fiber spacing increases with increasing crossing distance. A pattern design, where belt and web fiber paths merge, is the most preferred design due to a minimum of material waste, however it exhibits lower stiffness compared to the fanned out pattern.

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Bittrich, Lars, Julian Seuffert, Sarah Dietrich, Kai Uhlig, Tales de Vargas Lisboa, Luise Kärger, and Axel Spickenheuer. "On the Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) Infiltration of Fiber-Reinforced Composites Made by Tailored Fiber Placement." Polymers 14, no. 22 (November 12, 2022): 4873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14224873.

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Tailored fiber placement (TFP) is a preform manufacturing process in which rovings made of fibrous material are stitched onto a base material, increasing the freedom for the placement of fibers. Due to the particular kinematics of the process, the infiltration of TFP preforms with resin transfer molding (RTM) is sensitive to multiple processes and material parameters, such as injection pressure, resin viscosity, and fiber architecture. An experimental study is conducted to investigate the influence of TFP manufacturing parameters on the infiltration process. A transparent RTM tool that enables visual tracking of the resin flow front was developed and constructed. Microsection evaluations were produced to observe the thickness of each part of the composite and evaluate the fiber volume content of that part. Qualitative results have shown that the infiltration process in TFP structures is strongly influenced by a top and bottom flow layer. The stitching points and the yarn also create channels for the resin to flow. Furthermore, the stitching creates some eye-like regions, which are resin-rich zones and are normally not taken into account during the infusion of TFP parts.

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Rihaczek, Gabriel, Maximilian Klammer, Okan Başnak, Jan Petrš, Benjamin Grisin, Hanaa Dahy, Stefan Carosella, and Peter Middendorf. "Curved Foldable Tailored Fiber Reinforcements for Moldless Customized Bio-Composite Structures. Proof of Concept: Biomimetic NFRP Stools." Polymers 12, no. 9 (September 2, 2020): 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12092000.

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Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRPs) are increasingly popular building materials, mainly because of their high strength to weight ratio. Despite these beneficial properties, these composites are often fabricated in standardized mass production. This research aims to eliminate costly molds in order to simplify the fabrication and allow for a higher degree of customization. Complex three-dimensional shapes were instead achieved by a flat reinforcement, which was resin infused and curved folded into a spatial object before hardening. Structural stability was gained through geometries with closed cross-sections. To enable this, the resource-saving additive fabrication technique of tailored fiber placement (TFP) was chosen. This method allowed for precise fibers’ deposition, making a programmed anisotropic behavior of the material possible. Principles regarding the fiber placement were transferred from a biological role-model. Five functional stools were produced as demonstrators to prove the functionality and advantages of the explained system. Partially bio-based materials were applied to fabricate the stool models of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites (NFRP). A parametric design tool for the global design and fiber layout generation was developed. As a result, varieties of customized components can be produced without increasing the design and manufacturing effort.

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Uhlig, Kai, Lars Bittrich, Axel Spickenheuer, and José Humberto S. Almeida. "Waviness and fiber volume content analysis in continuous carbon fiber reinforced plastics made by tailored fiber placement." Composite Structures 222 (August 2019): 110910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.110910.

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MINAMI, Sayaka, and Shinya HONDA. "Evaluation of fiber-spacing and vibration characteristics of CFRP plates fabricated by Tailored Fiber Placement Machine." Proceedings of the Dynamics & Design Conference 2017 (2017): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedmc.2017.343.

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Koricho, Ermias G., Anton Khomenko, Tommy Fristedt, and Mahmoodul Haq. "Innovative tailored fiber placement technique for enhanced damage resistance in notched composite laminate." Composite Structures 120 (February 2015): 378–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.10.016.

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Klotzsche, Marlon, Marcus Mixner, and Detlef Kochan. "Hochgeschwindigkeits-Fräsbearbeitung durch variabelaxiale FKV-Leichtbauweise." Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb 117, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zwf-2022-1044.

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Abstract Im Gegensatz zu klassischen Anwendungsfeldern der Automobil-, Luft- und Raumfahrtindustrie kommt dem Leichtbau im Bereich des Maschinen- und Anlagenbaus bisher eine untergeordnete Position zu. Demgegenüber stehen hervorragende Materialeigenschaften der Faserkunststoffverbunde als Wandlungstreiber. Unter Anwendung des Tailored Fiber Placement (TFP) werden neuartige Bauweisen realisierbar, die eine Beherrschung der hohen physikalischen Anforderungen von Hochgeschwindigkeitswerkzeugmaschinen bei drastisch reduzierten Bauteilmassen zulassen.

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Krinner, Sophia, and Michael Kieren. "TEXTILE-CIRCUIT - the opportunity of integrating functionality into a textile product." Communications in Development and Assembling of Textile Products 1, no. 1 (November 15, 2020): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25367/cdatp.2020.1.p74-79.

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With its technology KARL MAYER provides the possibility to use tailored fiber placement of functional yarns directly during the textile production process. It allows a fast production of functional fabrics with no additional steps while keeping the desired textile properties. These functional warp knitted products can be used in a wide range of applications such as active- and sportswear, lingerie, outdoor, automotive and agricultural fabrics.

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Khaliulin, V. I., P. A. Khilov, and D. M. Toroptsova. "Prospects of applying the tailored fiber placement (TFP) technology for manufacture of composite aircraft parts." Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ) 58, no. 4 (October 2015): 495–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068799815040236.

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Mersch, Johannes, Najmeh Keshtkar, Henriette Grellmann, Carlos Alberto Gomez Cuaran, Mathis Bruns, Andreas Nocke, Chokri Cherif, Klaus Röbenack, and Gerald Gerlach. "Integrated Temperature and Position Sensors in a Shape-Memory Driven Soft Actuator for Closed-Loop Control." Materials 15, no. 2 (January 10, 2022): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15020520.

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Soft actuators are a promising option for the advancing fields of human-machine interaction and dexterous robots in complex environments. Shape memory alloy wire actuators can be integrated into fiber rubber composites for highly deformable structures. For autonomous, closed-loop control of such systems, additional integrated sensors are necessary. In this work, a soft actuator is presented that incorporates fiber-based actuators and sensors to monitor both deformation and temperature. The soft actuator showed considerable deformation around two solid body joints, which was then compared to the sensor signals, and their correlation was analyzed. Both, the actuator as well as the sensor materials were processed by braiding and tailored fiber placement before molding with silicone rubber. Finally, the novel fiber-rubber composite material was used to implement closed-loop control of the actuator with a maximum error of 0.5°.

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Bittrich, Lars, Axel Spickenheuer, José Humberto S. Almeida, Sascha Müller, Lothar Kroll, and Gert Heinrich. "Optimizing Variable-Axial Fiber-Reinforced Composite Laminates: The Direct Fiber Path Optimization Concept." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (February 19, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8260563.

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The concept of aligning reinforcing fibers in arbitrary directions offers a new perception of exploiting the anisotropic characteristic of the carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. Complementary to the design concept of multiaxial composites, a laminate reinforced with curvilinear fibers is called variable-axial (also known as variable stiffness and variable angle tow). The Tailored Fiber Placement (TFP) technology is well capable of manufacturing textile preforming with a variable-axial fiber design by using adapted embroidery machines. This work introduces a novel concept for simulation and optimization of curvilinear fiber-reinforced composites, where the novelty relies on the local optimization of both fiber angle and intrinsic thickness build-up concomitantly. This framework is called Direct Fiber Path Optimization (DFPO). Besides the description of DFPO, its capabilities are exemplified by optimizing a CFRP open-hole tensile specimen. Key results show a clear improvement compared to the current often used approach of applying principal stress trajectories for a variable-axial reinforcement pattern.

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Normann, M., T. Grethe, K. Zöll, A. Ehrmann, and A. Schwarz-Pfeiffer. "Development of 2D and 3D structured textile batteries processing conductive material with Tailored Fiber Placement (TFP)." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 254 (October 2017): 072016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/254/7/072016.

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Gloger, Maciej, and Zbigniew Stempien. "Experimental Study of Soft Ballistic Packages with Embroidered Structures Fabricated by Using the Tailored Fiber Placement Technique." Materials 15, no. 12 (June 14, 2022): 4208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15124208.

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Textile ballistic shields are the basis of protection against bullets and fragments with low kinetic energy. They are usually made of para-aramid fabrics or unidirectional structure (UD) sheets of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). The aim of the research presented in the article was to obtain ballistic packages made of embroidered structures and to compare their ballistic properties with those of woven structures in terms of deformation of the standardized ballistic substrate after impact with a 9 mm bullet at a velocity of 380 ± 3 m/s. Using the tailored fiber placement method, embroidered structures were fabricated by embroidering two sets of para-aramid threads at an angle of 90°. As the woven structures, the use of para-aramid fabric made of the same yarn and with a surface weight comparable to that of embroidered structures was adopted. Ballistic packages consisted of 26 layers in five variants, also taking into account the hybrid arrangement of woven and embroidered layers. Ballistic tests have shown that the best ballistic properties have hybrid packages made by folding 13 woven and then 13 embroidered layers, where the maximum deformation of the plasticine substrate is below 23 mm. The conducted research confirmed that embroidered structures in appropriate combination with woven structures can significantly improve the ballistic properties of textile packages.

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Uhlig, K., A. Spickenheuer, L. Bittrich, and G. Heinrich. "Development of a Highly Stressed Bladed Rotor Made of a CFRP Using the Tailored Fiber Placement Technology." Mechanics of Composite Materials 49, no. 2 (May 2013): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11029-013-9336-4.

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Eisenhauer, Charlotte M., and Klaus Drechsler. "Integration of excess material into a semi-finished product to form complex composite parts." Textile Research Journal 87, no. 19 (September 30, 2016): 2420–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517516671119.

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With a view to minimizing production costs of carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP), a contoured, variable-axial reinforcing fabric, so-called “CoCo – contoured composites,” has been developed for complex, primary structural components,. Thereby, scrap in the production of lightweight high-performance components out of CFRP is reduced. Furthermore, components can be designed in an anisotropic way, thus lighter and adapted to the fiber properties. Moreover, production speed will be by far higher than that of conventional variable-axial textiles, like tailored fiber placement and fiber patch preforming. Furthermore, these textiles will show higher drapability than conventional production techniques, like tape-laying or standard textiles. The main focus of this paper is the investigation of draping mechanisms of variable-axial, tailored textiles and their feasibility. To reach high drapability of these semi-finished products, a new draping strategy has been developed. Reinforcing rovings are laid in meander way onto a carrier material holding excess material available for draping. For the textile “CoCo” new draping characteristics have been investigated, showing a kind of stretch forming of the carrier material and a straightening of the reinforcing fibers previously laid in meander. Due to this draping mechanism the material has the ability to form over very complex shapes without showing draping defects, like loops, gaps, or waviness. The calculation of the excess material and the draping mechanism are investigated on a complex form and proven by draping trials.

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Sippach, Timo, Hanaa Dahy, Kai Uhlig, Benjamin Grisin, Stefan Carosella, and Peter Middendorf. "Structural Optimization through Biomimetic-Inspired Material-Specific Application of Plant-Based Natural Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites (NFRP) for Future Sustainable Lightweight Architecture." Polymers 12, no. 12 (December 19, 2020): 3048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12123048.

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Under normal conditions, the cross-sections of reinforced concrete in classic skeleton construction systems are often only partially loaded. This contributes to non-sustainable construction solutions due to an excess of material use. Novel cross-disciplinary workflows linking architects, engineers, material scientists and manufacturers could offer alternative means for more sustainable architectural applications with extra lightweight solutions. Through material-specific use of plant-based Natural Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites (NFRP), also named Biocomposites, a high-performance lightweight structure with topology optimized cross-sections has been here developed. The closed life cycle of NFRPs promotes sustainability in construction through energy recovery of the quickly generative biomass-based materials. The cooperative design resulted in a development that were verified through a 1:10 demonstrator, whose fibrous morphology was defined by biomimetically-inspired orthotropic tectonics, generated with by the fiber path optimization software tools, namely EdoStructure and EdoPath in combination with the appliance of the digital additive manufacturing technique: Tailored Fiber Placement (TFP).

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Gries, Thomas, Isa Bettermann, Carolin Blaurock, Andreas Bündgens, Gözdem Dittel, Caroline Emonts, Valentine Gesché, et al. "Aachen Technology Overview of 3D Textile Materials and Recent Innovation and Applications." Applied Composite Materials 29, no. 1 (February 2022): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10443-022-10011-w.

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AbstractThis paper provides an overview of the recent definition, technologies and current trends regarding 3D fabrics. In this paper a definition of 3D fabrics, including spacer fabrics, is given and the recent technologies regarding weaving, braiding, weft and warp knitting and tailored fiber placement are presented. Furthermore, an overview of the latest developments in 3D fabrics at the Institut für Textiltechnik of RWTH Aachen University is presented including: large circular 3D knitting, braided and woven structures for medical purposes, newest testing methods and equipment for spacer fabrics, multiaxial fabrics for composites, warp knitted spacer fabrics for space and construction applications, ceramic matrix composite 3D braiding and 4D textiles.

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Costalonga Martins, Vanessa, Sacha Cutajar, Christo van der Hoven, Piotr Baszyński, and Hanaa Dahy. "FlexFlax Stool: Validation of Moldless Fabrication of Complex Spatial Forms of Natural Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (NFRP) Structures through an Integrative Approach of Tailored Fiber Placement and Coreless Filament Winding Techniques." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (May 8, 2020): 3278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093278.

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It has become clear over the last decade that the building industry must rapidly change to meet globally pressing requirements. The strong links between climate change and the environmental impact of architecture mean an urgent necessity for alternative design solutions. In order to propose them in this project, two emergent fabrication techniques were deployed with natural fiber-reinforced polymers (NFRPs), namely tailored fiber placement (TFP) and coreless filament winding (CFW). The approach is explored through the design and prototyping of a stool, as an analogue of the functional and structural performance requirements of an architectural system. TFP and CFW technologies are leveraged for their abilities of strategic material placement to create high-performance differentiated structure and geometry. Flax fibers, in this case, provide a renewable alternative for high-performance yarns, such as carbon, glass, or basalt. The novel contribution of this project is exploring the use of a TFP preform as an embedded fabrication frame for CFW. This eliminates the complex, expensive, and rigid molds that are traditionally associated with composites. Through a bottom-up iterative method, material and structure are explored in an integrative design process. This culminates in a lightweight FlexFlax Stool design (ca. 1 kg), which can carry approximately 80 times its weight, articulated in a new material-based design tectonic.

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Ciccarelli, Lucas Anthony, Christof Breckenfelder, and Christoph Greb. "Characterization of carbon-composite antennas for wireless charging." Wireless Power Transfer 6, no. 1 (December 18, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wpt.2018.5.

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The objective of the presented work is to take advantage of the precision capabilities of tailor-fiber-placement (TFP) embroidery processes in order to qualify carbon-fiber parts as viable antennas for wireless power transfer applications in multifunctional carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites. The solution comes first from a literature study of electrical, high-frequency, and textile engineering concepts. This review built familiarity with the technological challenges and state-of-the-art of the presented technology. Next step was iterative experimentation of machine capabilities for the production of carbon-fiber antennas. Finally, antenna prototypes were produced and their physical and electrical characteristics were evaluated through several test methods. The results showed that TFP embroidery machines were capable of producing quality, carbon antennas. Induction values of the antennas from 0.5 to 3.5 ‘H were achieved. Signal transfer efficiencies from carbon-antenna transmitters to an aftermarket receiver show promise in commercial application.

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RISTESKA, Svetlana, Anka T. PETKOSKA, Samoil SAMAK, and Marian DRIENOVSKY. "Annealing Effects on the Crystallinity of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polyetheretherketone and Polyohenylene Laminate Composites Manufactured by Laser Automatic Tape Placement." Materials Science 26, no. 3 (February 27, 2020): 308–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.26.3.21489.

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In situ consolidation of thermoplastic composites by Automated Tape Placement (ATP) is challenging. High quality ATP grade pre-preg material and tape head equipped with an efﬁcient heat sources like lasers offer an opportunity towards high deposition rates and improved mechanical properties of composite materials. In this study uni-directional carbon fiber/ polyphenylene sulfide (UD tape prepreg CF/PPS), carbon fiber/polyetheretherketone (UD tape prepreg CF/PEEK) as well as blend of carbon fiber/polyetheretherketone/polyphenylene sulfide (UD tapes prepregs CF/PEEK/PPS) laminates are compared in terms of their properties after beeing processed by ATP technology. CF/PPS, CF/PEEK and blend CF/PPS/PEEK laminate specimens were processed using in-situ laser-assisted ATP (LATP) process. LATP processing parameters used in this study were chosen based on a preliminary trials; the results provide a basis for reﬁnement of these parameters and prepreg material with an optimal and balanced set of final mechanical properties. This study showed an attempt how to manage the processing parameters for LATP process and to obtain composite materials with tailored properties. The process for production of thermoplastic plates with LATP head in general is a process that is governed by many parameters such as: laser power, angle of incidence, roller pressure and temperature, placement speed, tool temperature, then types of the roller material and the tool material. These parameters are not subject of discussing in this paper; they are kept constant, and the goal of the paper is to manage the crystallinity level within the composite thermoplastic material during annealing step at different temperatures after LATP process. Also, the void content during the production process could be controlled. More particularly, the authors showed that composites based on PPS matrix manufactured with LATP process possess higher flexural strength, with less void content compared to samples based on PEEK matrix. These samples showed also higher crystallinity after annealing step.

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Hsiau, Yawen, Yu-Han Liu, and Chi-Chun Lin. "Emergency Response Training Program for Theme Parks: Experiences of Taiwan." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s126—s127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19002735.

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Introduction:“Tailor-made” training programs have been started in two theme parks in North and East Taiwan after the dust explosion of Ba-xien theme park in 2015. The training programs emphasized several areas. They work to strengthen the incident command system (ICS) and the skills of first responders, especially evacuation, placement, triage, and first aid, as well as to assist the park’s cooperation with local disaster response units, such as the fire department and Health Bureau.Methods:The first step was to find out the practical problems of the two theme parks, and then make a one-year, tailor-made training program according to the needs of parks and different levels of staff: senior supervisors, middle-level district supervisors, and frontline colleagues. After the phased training, the training results are inspected in the non-scripted exercise mode.Results:It was found that the staff are relatively familiar with the evacuation process and placement of tourists. The initial emergency responses such as triage, first aid skills, and patient transport gradually improve after several drills. The ICS operation and communication also became more effective and efficient. The regional emergency response units could understand these theme parks capability and how to cooperate with them.Discussion:The experience of emergency response training and exercise in these two theme parks has shown that such a model is feasible and should be valued.

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Khuntia, Sravan Kumar, Himanshu Bana, and Dr Shantanu Bhowmik. "Bio Inspired Self-Curing Composite: A Leap into Augmented Enactment." Scientific Review, no. 66 (June 25, 2020): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/sr.66.41.47.

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Relentless progress has been made on composite materials, their manufacturing processes and their structural design in past few decades. Nevertheless, the approval of composite materials in all engineering disciplines is constrained due to its susceptibility to various kinds of defects during manufacturing stage viz porosity, foreign body inclusion, incorrect fiber volume, bonding defect, fiber misalignment, ply misalignment, incorrect curing cycle, wavy fiber, ply cracking, delamination, fiber microstructural defects etc. Hence there was a requirement of techniques to somehow overcome these defects during the service life of composites being used in various structures and equipment. This promising field of research has made great progress over the past several years, but many procedural encounters are still to be overcome, and there exists a great need for focused research to address several areas of concern. On the other hand, nature has materials that have curing potential and repair strategies ensuring their survival. Sustained development in the field will produce new curing chemistries that possess greater stability, faster kinetics. Tailor-made placement of curing agents is dynamic research subject at the cutting edge of self-curing. New bio-imitative curing agents are closely connected to vascular networks. The purpose of this technical paper is to sort the methodology in line with ongoing research efforts in composites. A perspective on current and future self-curing approaches using this biomimetic technique is offered.

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Hutsch, Thomas, Fabian Aßmann, Thomas Weißgärber, and Bernd Kieback. "TFP Reinforced Metal - One Way to Increase the Specific Strength." Key Engineering Materials 742 (July 2017): 349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.742.349.

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The integration of fibers, especially tailor fiber placement (TFP), in metal matrices offers one way to generate composite materials with increased specific strength compared to the unreinforced metal matrix. The TFP can be adapted according to the final load paths through the component and can be covered partially or fully with the metal. Following this approach load transfer elements can be built, transferring much load and having low mass. First fields of application are identified in building and automotive industry. This work includes the powder metallurgical manufacturing process using Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) technique, the characterization of the microstructure and the tensile test of different specimens (sintered copper, TFP (as received) and TFP (Cu covered) reinforced copper). Experimental result on 19.5 vol.% TFP (Cu covered) reinforced copper shows an increase of specific strength around a factor of 2.2 compared to pure copper.

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Zhao, Wei, and Rakesh K. Kapania. "Buckling Analysis and Optimization of Stiffened Variable Angle Tow Laminates with a Cutout Considering Manufacturing Constraints." Journal of Composites Science 6, no. 3 (March 4, 2022): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs6030080.

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Variable angle tow laminates (VAT) and stiffeners are known to redistribute the in-plane load distribution and tailor the buckling mode shapes, respectively, for improving structural performance. To leverage the benefits of using VAT laminates in the practical applications, in the present paper, we discuss buckling load maximization conducted for a stiffened VAT laminated plate with a central cutout considering VAT laminate manufacturing constraints. Three representative boundary conditions as seen in the aerospace structures are considered: in-plane axial displacement, in-plane pure shear, and in-plane pure bending displacements. Two common manufacturing constraints, the one on the automatic fiber placement (AFP) manufacturing head turning radius and the other on the tow gap/overlap, while fabricating VAT laminates are considered in the laminate design. These two manufacturing constraints are modeled by controlling the fiber path radius of curvature and tape parallelism in optimizing the fiber path orientations for the VAT laminates. Stiffener layout and fiber path angle for the VAT laminated plates are both considered in the buckling load maximization study. To avoid using a fine mesh in modeling the stiffened VAT laminates with a cutout when employing the finite element analysis during the optimization, the VAT laminated plate and the stiffeners are modeled independently. The displacement compatibility is enforced at the stiffener–plate interfaces to ensure that the stiffeners move with the plate. Particle swarm optimization is used as the optimization algorithm for the buckling load maximization study. Optimization results show that, without considering AFP manufacturing constraints, the VAT laminates can increase the buckling loads by 21.2% and 12.4%, respectively, comparing to the commonly used quasi-isotropic laminates and traditionally straight fiber path laminates for the structure under the in-plane axial displacement case, 19.7% and 12.5%, respectively, for the in-plane shear displacement case, and 62.1% and 26.6%, respectively, for the in-plane bending displacement case. The AFP manufacturing constraints are found to have different impacts on the buckling responses for the VAT laminates, which cause the maximum buckling load to be 9.3–10.1%, 3.0–3.2%, and 23.2–29.8% less than those obtained without considering AFP manufacturing constraints, respectively, for the present studied model under in-plane axial, shear, and bending displacements.

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Arnaut, Katharina, M. Adli Dimassi, Bernd Romahn, Ufuk Atilla, and Axel S. Herrmann. "Analysis of open-hole-tension plates made of short fibre thermoplastic and reinforced with continuous fibre tailored inserts." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, October 5, 2020, 089270572096353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705720963539.

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In the present paper, the influence of tailored load introduction inserts applied to a bolt-loaded open-hole injection plate with different short glass fibre content is investigated. The tailored load introduction inserts made with a Tailored Fibre Placement (TFP) process, as well as open-hole injection plates without an insert were considered as reference samples. The samples were tested under tensile bolt-loading. The influence of the TFP-inserts on the load bearing properties of the open-hole injection plates was investigated. The test results show a huge increase of the load-carrying ability of the short-glass-fibre specimens when TFP-inserts are integrated. Moreover, the damage tolerance was dramatically improved as the specimens with integrated TFP-inserts did not fail abruptly and a residual strength higher than the strength of the test specimen without insert could be observed. However, the strength of the test specimen with integrated insert did not exceed the strength of the insert itself in most cases.

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Moritz, Niko, Oliver Liesmäki, Artem Plyusnin, Pauli Keränen, and Julia Kulkova. "Load-Bearing Composite Fracture-Fixation Devices with Tailored Fibre Placement for the Treatment of Antebrachial Fractures in Toy-Breed Dogs." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4070809.

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Spickenheuer, Axel, Christina Scheffler, Lars Bittrich, Rico Haase, Dieter Weise, Didier Garray, and Gert Heinrich. "Tailored Fiber Placement in Thermoplastic Composites." Technologies for Lightweight Structures (TLS) 1, no. 2 (April 25, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.21935/tls.v1i2.95.

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Fiber path optimization methods combined with the Tailor Fiber Placement (TFP) technology provide the optimum correlation between load case and fiber orientation and therefore lead to unmatched component performance with endless fiber composite materials. The aim of this work is the development of an innovative manufacturing technology for thermoplastic composites (TPC) including sizing-adapted commingled glass fiber (GF) / thermoplastic yarns (SpinCom yarns) to be processed by TFP to textile preforms with a variable-axial, load adapted fiber design. Furthermore, these preforms will be consolidated in a low energy and resource consuming process using novel light and low cost forming tools produced by incremental sheet metal forming technology. Finally, a low cost solution for thermal processing even for complex shaped TPC parts will be presented. Heading towards optimized resource and cost efficiency of the whole process chain, first results of SpinCom yarns, fiber path optimization, tool manufacturing and forming procedure are presented and demonstrated using GF/PBT (polybutylene therephthalate) SpinCom yarns and the geometry of a bicycle saddle.

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Schwingel, Johannes, and Peter Middendorf. "Topological design using multivariate laminate stackings for tailored fiber placement." Journal of Composite Materials, April 13, 2022, 002199832210857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219983221085721.

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In structural optimization of fiber-reinforced composites, unidirectional design material is normally applied due to its high anisotropy character. Using volume constraints to save weight often results in truss-like frameworks with defined tension and shear loaded areas, while the latter one is often neglected or improperly described with unidirectional material. Here, a method is proposed to extend the material design space to a continuously variable domain between UD and cross-ply laminates which is simultaneously optimized with topology. This allowed us to increase the design improvement and create smoother material distributions which is more beneficial for fiber placement technologies such as Tailored Fiber Placement. Parameter studies have been performed to investigate the effects of variable shear properties and different design spaces on the structural performance of the final designs, concluding with classical benchmarks to validate the proposed method.

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"IPF Dresden und East-4D wollen tailored fiber placement weiterentwickeln." Lightweight Design 6, no. 3 (May 24, 2013): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s35725-013-0214-8.

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Turusov, R. A., I. A. Polikarpova, M. A. Orlov, A. Yu Sergeev, and V. I. Solodilov. "Stress-Strain State of a Preform Made by the Tailored Fiber Placement." Mechanics of Composite Materials, November 2, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11029-022-10053-y.

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Punera, Devesh, and Paulomi Mukherjee. "Recent developments in manufacturing, mechanics, and design optimization of variable stiffness composites." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, April 15, 2022, 073168442210829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07316844221082999.

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The functional advantages of tailored stiffness, often seen in nature, are also utilized in composite structures. Advancements in the multiaxis tow placement and automated fiber placement (AFP) machines led to the development of variable angle tow (VAT) composites, also referred further as variable stiffness composites (VSC). These composites are shown to effectively enhance the stress distribution and buckling load capacity of structures with greater flexibility on the design space. This review systematically presents the status of recent research on the topic of VSCs. Various manufacturing techniques of VSC are discussed; constraints and the defects associated with the manufacturing processes are enlisted. The review highlights the optimization studies based on the fiber profile and macro-scale stiffness invariants. Several studies existing in the domain of buckling, vibration, and aeroelastic tailoring of angle tow composites are summarized to connect the important aspects of analysis and present a holistic approach for future studies in this area.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Tailored Fibre Placement'

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