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Academic literature on the topic 'Tailings'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Tailings"

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Araújo, Bárbara Dias, Renata Maia, Lucas Arantes-Garcia, Yumi Oki, Daniel Negreiros, Igor Rodrigues de Assis, and Geraldo Wilson Fernandes. "Aftershocks of the Samarco disaster: diminished growth and increased metal content of Raphanus sativus cultivated in soil with mining tailings." Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences 44 (May 13, 2022): e59175. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.59175.

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The collapse of the Fundão tailings dam of the Samarco mining complex in Mariana, Brazil, was the largest mining disaster in the world to date with many socio-economic and environmental impacts. Soil affected by mining tailings was severely altered with negative impacts for agriculture. We tested whether diluting mining tailings with organic soil would eliminate or at least attenuate the ecotoxic effects on plant development and performance. We cultivated radish, Raphanus sativus, in substrates containing different proportions of mining tailings and organic soil: pure tailings (T100%); 2) tailings75% + soil25% (T75%); 3) tailings50% + soil50% (T50%); 4) tailings25% + soil75% (T25%), and 5) pure organic soil (Soil100%, control). There were large differences in soil quality parameters between the 100% tailings treatment (T100%) and the control (Soil100%), as well as for some parameters in the most diluted treatment - T25% (Ca2+, Fe, Mn) in relation to the control treatment. Although dilution of the tailings soil improved radish development, there was lower radish productivity (leaf area, total biomass, and root/tuber biomass) than for pure soil (control). There were also significantly higher amounts of bioaccumulated metals in radish tubers grown with tailings, even when grown in T25% for Fe content and in T75% for Mn content. These results present a worrisome scenario for human communities in the region of the Doce river, as human consumption of crops produced in soil contaminated with tailings is not recommended due to potential toxicological effects from high metal concentrations.
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Maulani, Qori, Melya Riniarti, Duryat Duryat, and Wahyu Hidayat. "APPLIKASI BIOCHAR BERBAHAN DASAR LIMBAH KAYU MERANTI (Shorea spp.) UNTUK PERTUMBUHAN MAHONI (Swietenia macrophylla) MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA TAILING EMAS MERANTI (Shorea spp.) BIOCHAR APPLICATION TO MAHONI (Swietenia macrophylla) GROWTH IN GOLD TAILING MEDIA." Gorontalo Journal of Forestry Research 7, no. 1 (April 2, 2024): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32662/gjfr.v7i1.3331.

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ABSTRACTTailings are the final result of mining industry activities. Tailings are in the form of sludge waste produced from mining gold, copper, silver and other minerals. Tailings can potentially damage the environment and be dangerous to human life and other creatures. One effort to restore land from tailings is bioremediation technology. Biochar is a soil amendment material that can be used for environmental remediation. Utilizing meranti wood waste as biochar can reduce waste and increase economic value. Mahogany is a type of plant that is known to have potential as a phytoremediation plant. The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of meranti wood biochar to improve the growth of mahogany planted in gold tailings media. This research was carried out for four months in a greenhouse. The research was designed using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the treatment of gold tailings and meranti-based biochar in the growing media used. There were 12 treatments with four repetitions. The treatment given is (1) 0% tailings+0% Biochar; (2) 25% tailings+0% biochar; (3) 50% tailings +0% biochar; (4) 0% tailings+5% biochar; (5) 25% tailings + 5% biochar; (6) 50% tailings +5% biochar; (7) 0% tailings + 10% biochar; (8) 25% tailings + 10% biochar; (9) 50% tailings + 10% biochar; (10) 0% tailings + 15% biochar; (11) 25% tailings + 15% biochar; (12) 50% tailings + 15% biochar. The parameters observed were height increase, diameter increase, leaf area and root length. The research results showed that the application of biochar was able to improve the growth of mahogany planted in gold tailings media. Providing 10 and 15% biochar on media with gold tailings even resulted in better mahogany growth compared to those grown on media without tailings. This shows that meranti-based biochar has the ability to become a soil amendment for land contaminated with gold tailings.ABSTRAKTailing merupakan hasil akhir dari kegiatan industri pertambangan. Tailing berbentuk limbah lumpur yang dihasilkan dari pertambangan emas, tembaga, perak maupun mineral lainnya. Tailing dapat berpotensi merusak lingkungan dan berbahaya bagi kehidupan manusia dan makhluk lainnya. Salah satu upaya restorasi lahan dari tailing adalah dengan teknologi bioremediasi. Biochar adalah salah satu bahan pembenah tanah yang dapat digunakan untuk remediasi lingkungan. Pemanfaatan limbah kayu meranti sebagai biochar dapat mengurangi limbah dan meningkatkan nilai ekonomi. Mahoni termasuk tipe tanaman yang diketahui memiliki potensi sebagai tanaman fitoremediasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan efektifitas biochar kayu meranti untuk memperbaiki pertumbuhan mahoni yang ditanam pada media tailing emas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama empat bulan di rsumah kaca. Penelitian didesign dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan pemberian tailing emas dan biochar berbahan dasar meranti pada media tumbuh yang digunakan. Ada 12 perlakuan dengan ulangan sebanyak empat kali. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah (1) 0% tailing+0% Biochar; (2) 25% tailing+0% biochar; (3) 50% tailing +0% biochar; (4) 0% tailing+5% biochar; (5) 25% tailing + 5% biochar; (6) 50% tailing +5% biochar; (7) 0% tailing + 10% biochar; (8) 25% tailing + 10% biochar; (9) 50% tailing + 10% biochar; (10) 0% tailing + 15% biochar; (11) 25% tailing + 15% biochar; (12) 50% tailing + 15% biochar. Parameter yang diamati adalah pertambahan tinggi, pertambahan diameter, luas daun dan panjang akar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian biochar mampu memperbaiki pertumbuhan mahoni yang ditanam pada media tailing emas. Pemberian biochar 10 dan 15% pada media dengan tailing emas bahkan menghasilkan pertumbuhan mahoni yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan yang ditanam pada media tanpa tailing. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa biochar berbahan dasar meranti memiliki kemampuan untuk menjadi bahan pembenah tanah bagi lahan lahan tercemar tailing emas.
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Jiang, Qing Hua, and Chen Xiang Yu. "The Application of Vapour Equlibrium Technique in Water Retention Study of Fine Grained Tailings." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 1785–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.1785.

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As a problematic material, fine grained tailings have many particular engineering characteristics and seriously affect the safety and stability of the tailing dam body. These engineering properties are closely related to moisture migration and soil suction under different water content. This article chose fine grained tailings of Li Tie Lan Ting tailings dam in Zhejiang province as an example, and measured the soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) of fine grained tailings with different partical size composition and dry density using vapour equilibrium technique. Efforts have also been made to demonstrate the influences of soil type, dry density on water retention. The study result shows that particle-size composition has a significant impact on SWCCs of the tailings. Finer grained samples have lower water loss rate and higher water-holding capacity than coarse grained samples in the same suction state. Contrary with low suction stage, dry density has negligible influence on the soil suction, and parameters effect SWCCs at high suction stage. The research results may provide a theoretical support and a beneficial reference for further research of fine grained tailingss engineering properties.
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Wang, Shengfu, Lechen Yan, Kaixi Xue, Liang Lv, Dongjie Zhang, and Dongwei Li. "Review of Research on Physical and Mechanical Properties and Engineering Application of Metal Tailings." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2148, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2148/1/012059.

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Abstract Processing and storage requirements for metal residues are becoming stricter to achieve the carbon neutralization target. The physical and mechanical properties of tailings affect the stability of tailing dams. Metal tailings can be used as secondary resources, and it is easy to pollute the environment under poorly managed conditions. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to reuse these deposits such as iron tailings, copper tailings, zinc tailings et al. This article discusses the current research on the mechanical properties of metal tailings and its engineering application. Based on previous research, it is pointed out that there still needs more attention on the mechanical properties of metal tailing sands, especially under different conditions like dry-wet, freeze-thaw, dynamic loads and large-scale application. In the future, research on the filling of metal tailings as roadbed and new building materials will be one of the directions to solve the problem of tailing pond accumulation.
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Du, Changbo, Xinqi Jiang, Laigui Wang, Fu Yi, and Ben Niu. "Development law and growth model of dynamic pore water pressure of tailings under different consolidation conditions." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): e0276887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276887.

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Tailings dams are in danger of liquefaction during earthquakes. The liquefaction process can be indirectly reflected by the evolution rule of the dynamic pore water pressure. To study the development law of dynamic pore water pressure of tailing sand under different consolidation conditions, the evolution equation of critical dynamic pore water pressure of tailings under isotropic and anisotropic consolidation conditions was derived based on the limit equilibrium theory. Moreover, the development law of dynamic pore water pressure was expounded theoretically. The dynamic triaxial tests of tailing silty sand and tailing silt under different dry densities, consolidation ratios, and confining pressures were performed. The dynamic pore water pressure ratio and vibration ratio curves of tailings under isotropic and anisotropic consolidation were analyzed, and a dynamic pore water pressure growth index model suitable for both isotropic and anisotropic consolidation was derived. The results showed that the critical dynamic pore water pressure was positively correlated with the confining pressure and average particle size of tailings under isotropic consolidation conditions. The tailings have a limit dynamic effective internal friction angle φdc under the anisotropic consolidation condition. The evolution law of critical dynamic pore water pressure can be judged according to the dynamic effective internal friction angle of tailing sand φd and φdc values. The consolidation ratio significantly affects the dynamic pore pressure growth curve while confining pressure and dry density do not. For different tailing materials, the dynamic pore water pressure ratio is positively correlated with tailing particles. The dynamic pore water pressure growth process of tailing silty sand and tailing silt can be divided into two stages: rapid and stable growths. The development law of two types of tailings can be described by the dynamic pore water pressure growth index model. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the seismic design of tailings dams in practical engineering.
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Prakosa, Rakhmad Aji. "PENGUJIAN PROPERTIES LIMBAH TAILING KERING PADAT UNTUK PEMANFAATAN MATERIAL STABILISASI TANGGUL." Prosiding Temu Profesi Tahunan PERHAPI 1, no. 1 (March 29, 2020): 633–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36986/ptptp.v1i1.105.

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ABSTRAK Hasil ekstraksi ore menjadi emas pada kegiatan pengolahan emas PT.Antam Tbk. - UBPE Pongkor, menghasilkan limbah hasil olahan berupa tailing yang dibuang ke TSF dalam bentuk slurry (20%solid) kemudian diendapkan di beberapa kompartemen tampungan sebelum masuk ke Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL). Tailing yang mengendap kemudian dikeruk dengan alat berat menuju area penimbusan akhir dengan kondisi Tailing 60% solid. Semakin banyak tailing yang dihasilkan, maka semakin banyak juga upaya yang harus dilakukan untuk menyediakan tampungan tailing. Secara visual, tailing kering berbentuk seperti pasir, yang saat dalam kondisi padat memiliki daya dukung yang sangat baik untuk menahan beban diatasnya. Hal tersebut dibuktikan adanya dump truck dengan beban puluhan ton melintas diatas tailing kering padat sebagai pijakan tumpuannya tanpa mengalami failure. Dari kasus tersebut tailing kering dapat memungkinkan untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai material konstruksi tanggul, mengingat kemampuan daya dukungnya yang cukup baik saat dalam kondisi kering padat. Sehingga perlu dilakukan pengujian properties material tailing meliputi nilai kepadatan maksimumnya (ɣd), berat jenis (BJ), nilai sudut geser dalam (ϕ), dan nilai kohesi (c).Pengujian properties material tailing dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel terganggu (disturb) pada tailing dalam kondisi kering (±75%solid). Kemudian membuat sample remoulded dari tailing kering dan diperoleh nilai kepadatan tanah maksimumnya. Dari nilai kepadatan maksimum tersebut, dilakukan pengujian geser langsung untuk mengetahui nilai sudut geser dalam dan nilai kohesinya. Selain itu juga dilakukan uji piknometer untuk menghitung densitas tailing. Dari hasil parameter pengujian tersebut, kemudian dibandingkan dengan parameter timbunan tanah merah yang biasa digunakan sebagai material konstruksi tanggul dam dengan tujuan mensubstitusi material tanah merah dengan tailing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan maksimum tailing mencapai angka 1.65 gr/cm3, dengan kadar air optimum 15.2%, kohesi 10kPa, sudut geser internal 41o dan koefisien permeabilitas 2.19x10-4cm/dt. Jika dibandingkan dengan properties material tanah merah yang biasa digunakan, memiliki kepadatan maksimum sebesar 1.68gr/cm3, Kohesi 11.5kPa, Sudut geser internal 29o, dan koefisien permeabilitas sebesar 7.7 x 10-6cm/dt yang berarti nilai properties material tailing dan tanah relatif tidak berbeda jauh sehingga dapat dilakukan rekayasa engineering untuk memanfaatkan material tailing sebagai material konstruksi atau sebagai material stabilitas tanggul yang ada di area TSF. Kata Kunci : Tailing, pemanfaatan limbah, material konstruksi ABSTRACT Ore extraction into gold at the gold processing activities of PT.Antam Tbk. - UBPE Pongkor, produces processed waste in the form of tailings which is discharged into TSF in the form of slurry (20% solid) and then deposited in several storage compartments before entering the WastewaterTreatment Plant (IPAL). The deposited tailings are dredged with heavy equipment to the final landfill area with the condition of the tailings 60% solid. The more tailing produced, the more effort must be made to provide tailings storage. Visually, the dry tailings are shaped like sand, when it dense conditions has a very good capacity to distributing load. This case proof by the existence of dump trucks with tens of tons of load passing over the solid dry tailings as a foothold without failure. From these cases, dry tailings can be used as material for embankment construction, given their relatively good carrying capacity when in dense dry conditions. So that it is necessary to test the material properties of the tailings including its maximum density value (ɣd), specific gravity (BJ), deep shear angle value (ϕ), and cohesion value (c). Testing the material properties of tailings is done by taking disturbed samples of the tailings in dry conditions (±75% solid). Then make a remoulded sample from dry tailings and get the maximum soil density value. From the maximum density value, then direct shear testing is performed to determine the value of the deep shear angle and its cohesion value. A pycnometer test was also conducted to calculate the tailing density. From the results of the test parameters, then compared with the parameters of the red soil heap which is commonly used as a dam construction material with the aim of substituting red soil material with tailings. The results showed that the maximum density of tailings reached 1.65 gr / cm3, with an optimum moisture content of 15.2%, cohesion of 10kPa, internal shear angle of 41o and permeability coefficient of 2.19x10-4cm / s. When compared with the properties of the commonly used red soil material, it has a maximum density of 1.68gr / cm3, Cohesion of 11.5kPa, an internal shear angle of 29o, and a permeability coefficient of 7.7 x 10-6cm / second which means the value of the material properties of the tailings and the soil is relatively not differ greatly so that engineering design can be carried out to utilize tailings as construction material or as a dike stability material in the TSF area. Keywords : Tailing, Tailing Utilization, Construction Material
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Xie, Jian Bin, Wen Lian Liu, Lin Hua Shi, Guo Hai Zhang, and Jie Zhang. "Research on the Dynamic Deformation Characteristics of Tailings Silt in Zhuziqing Tailings Dam." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.459.

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In this paper, it has been studied that types and mechanical properties of tailings silt in Zhuziqing tailings dam based on the Zhuziqing tailings’ deposition characteristics, particles size distribution test, physical and mechanical properties test. Then it has been studied subsequently by the dynamic triaxial test, wave velocity test and standard penetration test for tailings silt that the dynamic characteristics, dynamic strength and vibration liquefaction of the tailing silt. Results show that the tailings silt in tailings pond is graded well. Under the condition of isotropic or anisotropic consolidation, dynamic shear modulus of tailings silt increase as the dynamic shear strain decreasing and increase as the increase of confining pressure or consolidation ratio. But the variation law on damping ratio of tailings silt is just opposite to that of dynamic shear modulus. Results also show that there is more liquefied possibility over the seventh sub-dam in the tailings dam, and the liquefied possibility position locates at the place from new sub-dam to deposited beach in tailing pond.
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Gao, Shan, Xiaowei Cui, and Sumei Zhang. "Utilization of Molybdenum Tailings in Concrete Manufacturing: A Review." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010138.

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Dealing with mineral tailings is one of the most important topics for solving the environmental problems in the mining industry. Among the techniques converting stacked molybdenum tailings to reusable cleaner products, one of the most effective ones is to use molybdenum tailings in concrete productions. The physical properties including density, microscopic structure and finesse module, and chemical composition of molybdenum tailings are similar with those of natural sand. The radionuclide assessment of molybdenum tailing meets the requirements for using as structural materials. Therefore, Molybdenum tailing is suitable to be used as the replacement of cement and fine aggregates in mortar and concrete. Based on the results of strength and duration performance comparison, the usage of molybdenum tailing as a replacement of natural sand is a more feasible way than that of ground super-fine molybdenum tailings in cement binder. It is feasible to use molybdenum tailings as fine aggregate in the preparation of structural concrete. When the amount of ground super-fine molybdenum tailings replacing cement is less than 10%, it is beneficial to improve the freeze-thaw and carbonization resistance of the concrete.
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Liu, Hongbo, Kun Liu, Zhu Lan, and Dashuang Zhang. "Mechanical and Electrical Characteristics of Graphite Tailing Concrete." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (August 14, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9297628.

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The graphite tailing causes serious environmental pollution, and the pollution problem becomes worse and worse with the increase in graphite demands. This paper focuses on the graphite tailing concrete, which can alleviate the environment problem through utilizing graphite tailings. With the orthogonal experimental design, 16 groups of specimens were designed to investigate the compressive strength of the graphite tailing concrete, and each group had 6 specimens. The significance sequence of the influencing factors for the compressive strength was studied, including the ratio of water to cement, sand ratio, graphite tailings content, and carbon fiber content. The optimal contents of graphite tailings and carbon fiber were obtained from the further experimental study on the electrical characteristics of the graphite tailing concrete, and a regression analysis was conducted to develop the predictive mixture design relationships for the electrical resistivity of the conductive graphite tailing concrete. The experimental results show that the conductive concrete mixture containing graphite tailings and carbon fiber has satisfactory mechanical strength along with well electrical conductivity. With the increase in graphite tailings content, the compressive strength decreases slowly, but the electrical resistivity decreases much more obviously. Predictions with the proposed relationship are in reasonable agreement with experimental results. This study provides references for the graphite tailing utilization alleviating the environment problems.
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Chang, Mengchao, Weimin Qin, Hao Wang, Haibin Wang, Chengtang Wang, and Xiuli Zhang. "Study on the Evolution of a Flooded Tailings Pond and Its Post-Failure Effects." Water 15, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15010173.

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In order to avoid the risk of tailing pond failures and to minimize the post-failure losses, it is necessary to analyze the current operation status of tailings ponds, to explore the evolution law of their failure process, to grasp their post-failure impact range, and to propose corresponding effective prevention and control measures. Based on a tailings pond in China, this paper establishes a 1:200 scale indoor model to explore the evolution law of post-failure tailings discharge in a tailings pond under flooded roof conditions; secondly, the finite element difference method and smooth particle fluid dynamics are combined to compare and analyze the post-failure impact area and to delineate the risk prevention and control area. The results of the study show that, during the dam break, the lower tailing sand in the breach is the first to slip, and after forming a steep can, the upper tailing sand in the steep can is pulled to slip, so that the erosion trench mainly develops vertically first, and then laterally. The velocity of the discharged tailing sand will quickly reach its peak value in a short period of time and then decrease to the creeping stage; the front edge of the sand flow is the first to stop moving, and the trailing edge of the tailing sand accumulation depth continues to increase until the end of the dam failure, at which point the initial bottom dam area of the discharge tailing sand flow velocity is the largest. The further the tailings are released from the initial dam, the smaller the accumulation depth and the larger the particle size, and the larger the elevation of the foundation in the same section, the smaller the accumulation depth and the larger the particle size; further, the presence of blocking materials will increase the local tailings accumulation depth. Based on the maximum flow velocity of the discharged tailings and the accumulation depth, the risk area downstream of the tailings pond is divided, so that relocation measures can be formulated. The test results can provide an important reference for the operation and management of similar tailings ponds.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tailings"

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Priscu, Caius. "Behavior of mine tailings dams under high tailings deposition rates." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0024/NQ50240.pdf.

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Knutsson, Roger. "Tailings Dam Performance : Modeling and Safety Analysis of a Tailings dam." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geoteknologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-18084.

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Storage and management of mine waste are both needed in the mining industry. After mineral extraction of the ore, there are generally leftovers with insufficient economical value that need to be taken care of. The finest grained fractions are referred to as tailings. Since every mine site and every tailings impoundment is unique, there is unfortunately not an universal answer to proper management that can be applied everywhere. Even though local guidelines and regulations can be considered to give a best practice in terms of design, there is correspondingly a need for dam safety stewardship on an operational level. Without such stewardship, not even the best designed dams or facilities would be fully controlled in terms of safety. Conversely, even badly designed dams can be operated in safe manners with good stewardship and surveillance programs. The coupling between design and stewardship is therefore important in order to reach proper tailingsmanagement.In the design of tailings dams, a certain value of the factor of safety for slopes of the dams is normally striven for to secure stability. The value is generally based on national regulations and/or guidelines. In Sweden the factor of safety should not be lower than 1.5 under normal conditions. In the guidelines, recommendations are often given on dam surveillance and field measurements of e.g. pore water pressure, deformations and seepage. Field measurements are taken, but are generally assessed in terms of trends (change with time) and not by comparison to anticipated performance.In this study, numerical modeling has been used for stability analyses and dam performance, as predictions of deformations and pore water pressure levels. An upstream tailings dam located in northern Sweden has been used as a case. The granular materials being part of the model based were described based upon geotechnical investigations (field and lab). The tailings material was modeled, on a constitutive level, by the Hardening Soil model. Good agreement betweensimulated behavior and laboratory tests was achieved. Other dam materials were simulated by the Mohr-Coulomb model.The model was built as a staged construction model where historical events between 1992 and 2013 were simulated. The historical events included dam raises, increased beach elevations, remedial works etc. The simulations of historical events were used for facilitating comparison with field measurements. By means of inclinometer data, horizontal deformations were measured and evaluated for a period of six years. These deformations were accurately simulated, which was considered to verify the numerical model. By this verification, the model is considered accurate enough to be used for simulating future events. Both stability and corresponding dam performance were computed, by simulating a period of 10 years. The stability analyses were used for the set-up of rockfill support plans, i.e. where and when remedial works are needed in order to maintain a certain safety level. The corresponding values in deformations and pore water pressures were used for the set-up of alert levels for each measuring unit. These alert levels will help the engineer in field with data interpretation, where the simulated values are compared with field measurements taken. The proposed methodology is recommended for tailings dams in general, which reduces the gap between design and stewardship. Hence, one step closer to proper tailings management is taken.
Godkänd; 2015; 20151026 (rogknu); Nedanstående person kommer att hålla licentiatseminarium för avläggande av teknologie licentiatexamen. Namn: Roger Knutsson Ämne: Geoteknik/Soil Mechanics Uppsats: Tailings Dam Performance Modeling and Safety Analysis of a Tailings Dam Examinator: Professor Sven Knutsson Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser Avdelning Geoteknologi Luleå tekniska universitet Diskutant: Technical Director Annika Bjelkevik Tailings Consultant Scandinavia AB Stockholm Tid: Fredag 27 november 2015 kl 13.00 Plats: F1031, Luleå tekniska universitet
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Bhanbhro, Riaz. "Mechanical Behavior of Tailings : Laboratory Tests from a Swedish Tailings Dam." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geoteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-62534.

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Tailings is leftover material from mining industry and is produced in huge quantities approximately 70-99% of the ore production.  Tailings material is stored as impoundments by constructing tailings dams which are often constructed with tailings material itself. Tailings are artificial material and the mechanical behavior of tailings material upon loading is different as compared to natural soil materials. There are number of dam failures reported every year which has severe impact on inhabitants and environment nearby. Considering the failures of tailings dams and consequences there is a need to understand the tailings material in depth for safe existence of these dams. The confident dam design can assure the safe existence of tailings dams for long term as these dams are presumed to function for generations to come. The material properties in tailings dams can change during operation due to raising of new layer. Raised new layer can change stress level, which in turn may change the material properties in terms of strength, pore pressures, grain sizes etc. Today mostly tailings dam are designed by performing analysis for safety for existing and future rasings as well. These analyses are based upon a for certain factor of safety. Not very much can be done with design and analysis for tailings material if the material is not described very well. Understanding of tailings material in depth can provide help for detailed material parameters which later can be used in safety assessment for future raising and changed conditions in dam. This study presents the work carried out on tailings material from a Swedish tailings dam. The study is conducted on undisturbed and disturbed tailings material. The undisturbed tests are carried out to understand material properties as per in-situ conditions. Whereas disturbed materials are used to created different materials with different particles sizes. Initially in this study the basic properties of tailings materials are studied e.g. specific gravity, phase relationships, particle sizes, particle shapes and shear behavior on collected samples at various depths. During direct shear tests, the unexpected vertical height reductions were observed, these results are presented in this study. The comparison of strength parameters by direct shear and triaxial tests on material from various depths is also done and presented. Based on results from direct shear, triaxial and oedometer tests on uniform sized tailings material; the evaluation of primary and secondary deformations and particle breakage and effect of vertical loads is also carried out and presented. The study also includes the comparison of strength parameters for each particles size. The breakage of particles is analyzed by sieving the material after direct shear tests followed by a particle shape study. The effect of deposition on shear strength parameters is also studied by construction of samples with different angle of deposition of material. The strength parameters of uniform sized particles in triaxial tests are also evaluated and discussed.
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Bhanbhro, Riaz. "Mechanical Properties of Tailings : Basic Description of a Tailings Material from Sweden." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geoteknologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-16952.

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Tailings dams are constructed to store waste material from mining industry and usually these dams are raised with time depending upon production rate. Tailings material is sometimes used in construction of tailings dams. Tailings are artificial material and the behavior of tailings material upon loading is different compared to natural soil materials. The mechanical properties of tailings have influence on the performance of a tailing dam. Since the tailings dams are constructed to withstand for long times, it is essential to understand tailings materials in depth in order to assure safe existence of the dams in short term as well as in long term perspective. This licentiate thesis describes the present work carried out on sulphide rich tailings from one mine in Sweden. The material presented is based upon material from three different papers. The first paper describes the basic characteristics of tailings which includes; specific gravity, phase relationships, particle size, particle shape and direct shear behavior. The second paper discusses direct shear tests carried out on tailings from one Swedish mine. Shear strength parameters are evaluated and results from 27 tests (15 drained and 12 undrained tests) are discussed. This paper also describes the vertical height reductions observed during direct shear tests. The third paper focuses on the laboratory results from triaxial tests conducted on tailings materials. This paper shows the drained behavior of tailings under application of different consolidation pressures.The results from particle analysis showed that smaller particles were very angular and bigger particles were sub angular. The material was classified as silt and silty sand. The average particle density (ρs) is 2.83t/m3. The dry density and void ratios were found to be 1.18–1.65 t/m3 and 0.72–1.41 respectively. During direct shear tests vertical height reductions were observed with slight increment in pore pressures. The strain hardening behavior was observed in both drained and undrained conditions in direct shear tests. The strength parameters determined in triaxial test were higher than of those calculated in direct shear tests. Friction angle ϕ' in triaxial tests were found to be 39 to 41degrees and it did not showed any effect with relation to depth. The cohesion and friction angle in direct shear test at 0.15radian, in drained tests were found as in range of 9.7-33.7kPa and 12.5-18.3 degrees respectively. The same parameters for undrained tests were found as 7.1-16.1 kPa and 16.0-20.4 degrees for cohesion and friction angle respectively.
Godkänd; 2014; 20140818 (riabha); Nedanstående person kommer att hålla licentiatseminarium för avläggande av teknologie licentiatexamen. Namn: Riaz Bhanbhro Ämne: Geoteknik/Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering Uppsats: Mechanical Properties of Tailings Basic Description of a Tailings Material from Sweden Examinator: Professor Sven Knutsson, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Luleå tekniska universitet Diskutant: Adjungerande professor Peter Viklander, Vattenfall AB, Luleå Tid: Torsdag den 18 septemebr 2014 kl 10.00 Plats: F1031, Luleå tekniska universitet
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Brisson, Patrick. "Unsaturated flow in tailings." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27229.

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The work presented in this document is two-fold. The major part of the work described herein, involved designing and building an apparatus to determine the unsaturated coefficient of permeability of mine tailings in a laboratory environment. The Modified Permeameter was built based on a permeameter used by Meerdink et al (1996) which was used with compacted clay samples. The modifications include using a large size sample; the ability to accommodate mobile sensors to alleviate the problems associated with the formation of water pockets and to use the same test specimen and determine the SWCC and unsaturated coefficient of permeability of the tailings over a large range of saturation. Mobility of the sensors was achieved with a system of counterweights, which also retained the water-tightness of the apparatus. Although Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) sensors did not yield any results during this research program, the Modified Permeameter includes counterweight system to provide mobility for three TDR probes to measure volumetric water content. During the experimental work, water content was measured with sampling tools developed and built for use in the Modified Permeameter. Negative pore water pressures were measured with tensiometers. Two gradations of tailings were tested with the Modified Permeameter. The two gradations were the overflow (fine) and the underflow (coarse) samples. Prior to laboratory experimentation with the tailings, numerical predictions of soil-water characteristic curves (SWCC) and conductivity curves were computed. These predictions were obtained using the SoilVision software package. The predicted curves were compared with the laboratory values. The estimated SWCC for both tailings gradations and the laboratory results show good agreement. In regards to the conductivity curves, insufficient laboratory data was gathered to compute the unsaturated coefficient of permeability of the coarse underflow sample. The laboratory results for the overflow sample show important scatter around the predicted conductivity curve. Due to the differences observed between the laboratory results and the predicted conductivity curve, the numerical modeling portion of this research, which constitutes the second portion of this research, was conducted using typical permeability values. The modeling portion consisted of producing a generic model of an upstream tailings dam on which individual factors were analysed. The factors considered were as follows: (1) Effect of beach length; (2) Effect of pervious foundation; (3) Effect of blanket drain; (4) Effect of segregation along the beach, (5) Effect of anisotropy; (6) Combined effect of segregation along the beach and blanket drain. The numerical analysis showed that maintaining a good beach length throughout the construction period of the upstream dam helps to prevent saturation of the fine tailings underlying the shell. The addition of a blanket drain to a good beach length provided the desired effect, which was to lower the phreatic surface away from the fines closest to the dam's shell.
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Fitton, Timothy, and tfitton@hotmail com. "Tailings beach slope prediction." RMIT University. Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080212.120813.

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Tailings (mining waste) disposal is a significant consideration for the mining industry, with the majority of the ore processed in most mining operations ending up as tailings. This creates large volumes of tailings, which must be handled and stored responsibly to avoid potential environmental catastrophes. The most common form of tailings storage facility is the impoundment, where tailings are contained within a basin, with beaches forming around the perimeter of the impoundment and a pond standing in the middle. A relatively new method of tailings storage is to create a 'stack', whereby the tailings solids form a large heap, with the discharge of tailings slurry from the apex of the heap. It is of significant value for mine operators and tailings engineers to be able to predict the shape of the beach that forms in either of these disposal scenarios. The key to being able to do this relies on a method of prediction of the beach slope. The aim of this work is to develop a method of tailings beach slope prediction for tailings slurries that are sub-aerially discharged from a pipe. In this thesis a literature review is undertaken, investigating existing methods for the prediction of tailings beach slopes. These methods are validated against relevant industrial and experimental data. Two separate phases of experimental work have taken place in an effort to investigate tailings deposition behaviour, one at mine sites and the other in a laboratory on a small scale. Three new tailings beach slope prediction models are presented; a simple empirical model enabling quick approximate predictions; an a priori tailings beach slope prediction model based on existing theories of open channel flow, sediment transport and rheology, which is more powerful due to the greater degree of theory in its foundation; and a new semi-empirical model that shares some of the theoretical aspects of the a priori model but offers better predictions due to its empirical calibration to the experimental data. The experimental results, along with 3 other independently collected sets of relevant industrial and experimental data, are used to validate the beach slope prediction models found in the literature, as well as the new beach slope models presented in this thesis. Statistical evaluation of the performance of all of these models is presented to enable comparison. Finally, a new beach shape model is presented for the three dimensional geometric forecasting of the beach surface of a tailings stack. Historic tailings discharge data is run through the beach shape model, and the shapes predicted by the model are compared with aerial survey data of a real tailings stack for validation of the shape model. This work not only presents a new method of tailings stack shape prediction, but also a plausible theory for explaining the concavity of tailings beaches. The stack shape model also has the potential to be developed further for the three dimensional modelling of tailings beaches formed in other types of storage facilities, such as impoundments or valleys.
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Durve, C. "Flow through tailings dams." Thesis, Open University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375642.

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This thesis deals with the study of flow through tailings dams. Examination of the current practices led to the construction of a valid experimental model. A unique system of instrumentation was developed, which was employed successfully to measure pore water pressures accurately and thus provide the necessary information to locate the position of the phreatic surface. Using the developed technique, models of tailings dams were constructed and monitored and it was discovered that a major deviation in the expected position of the phreatic surface occurred in a tailings dam. Further investigation by the construction of various types of dams led to the redefining of the phreatic surface and thus the flow regime. A computer programme based on the use of the finite difference technique was applied to water retention dams and found to locate the position of the phreatic surface accurately.
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Anchiraico, Anthony, José Bazo, Vidal Aramburú, and Carlos Raymundo. "Reuse method for deposits of polymetallic tailings in a state of abandonment through the application of mineral flotation." Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656289.

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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.
In the mining industry, due to the extraction and processing of ore, a significant amount of tailings are produced which are discharged into deposits. In some cases, these are in contact with effluents and generate acid waters that pollute the environment and affect the health of the inhabitants. Additionally, these tailings within their composition contain valuable metals that can be reused through a process of mineral flotation. As a part of this research, a study based exclusively on laboratory tests was performed on the tailings deposit located in the Recuay–Peru district, where the presence of concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Ag at 48.36% was obtained, 23% and 250 g/TM. Thus, this study aims to take advantage of polymetallic tailings deposits that are in an abandonment state by extracting valuable ore through the flotation process based on their chemical composition and mineralogical characterization.
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Van, den Berg Mader J. "Western limb tailings reclamation project." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07272005-100249.

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Tang, Juliana. "Fundamental behaviour of composite tailings." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq22680.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Tailings"

1

Tailings. Saratoga Springs, N.Y: Creative Bloc Press, 2010.

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Ritcey, G. M. Tailings management. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1989.

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Conlin, B. H. Tailings beach slopes. S.l: s.n, 1989.

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Yilmaz, Erol, and Mamadou Fall, eds. Paste Tailings Management. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39682-8.

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United States Committee on Large Dams. Committee on Tailings Dams., ed. Tailings dam incidents. Denver, CO: U.S. Committee on Large Dams, 1994.

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Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology. National Uranium Tailings Program. Uranium Tailings Reference Materials. S.l: s.n, 1985.

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Hossner, Lloyd R. Reclamation of mine tailings. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1992.

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Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology. National Uranium Tailings Program. Uranium Tailings Sampling Manual. S.l: s.n, 1985.

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Saskatchewan Environment and Public Safety. Mines and Pollution Control Branch. Abandoned mines with tailings. [S.l.]: Mines and Pollution Control, 1989.

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Saarela, Jouko. Kaivosjätteiden geoteknisistä ominaisuuksista ja ympäristövaikutuksista. Helsinki: Vesi- ja ympäristöhallitus, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tailings"

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De Graff, Jerome V. "Tailings." In Selective Neck Dissection for Oral Cancer, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12127-7_279-1.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Tailings." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 728. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_11528.

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Lottermoser, Bernd. "Tailings." In Mine Wastes, 143–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05133-7_4.

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Lottermoser, Bernd G. "Tailings." In Mine Wastes, 205–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12419-8_4.

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De Graff, Jerome V. "Tailings." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 899–900. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73568-9_279.

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Zhimin, Bai, and Xu Kuangdi. "Tailings." In The ECPH Encyclopedia of Mining and Metallurgy, 1. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0740-1_541-1.

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Beckie, Roger. "Mine Waste." In Heavy Metal, 201–10. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0373.27.

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To a large extent, mining is a waste management business. In most mining operations, metal resources are found in host rocks at concentrations of a few percent or less, resulting in the production of large quantities of wastes during metal extraction and processing. These wastes can occur in the form of bulk waste rock, and fine-grained material (tailings) that remain after the ore is ground and processed. The two principal mine-waste management challenges are the containment of tailings, and the management of contamination leaching from tailings and waste rock. Over the past decade, several high-profile, catastrophic tailings-dam failures have led to a significant change in the way mine wastes are treated. New global standards have significantly improved industry tailing-management practices, with the potential to significantly reduce, if not eliminate, the environmental impacts of mine wastes. This essay reviews the complex problem of mine waste management, and discusses emerging new approaches—both technical and regulatory—to help ensure that mine waste storage facilities are safe from catastrophic failure, and non-polluting in perpetuity. More work is needed to ensure that these new approaches become cost-effective so that they can be widely adopted by the global mining sector.
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Chunfu, Yang, and Xu Kuangdi. "Tailings Storage." In The ECPH Encyclopedia of Mining and Metallurgy, 1–2. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0740-1_1442-1.

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Chunfu, Yang, and Xu Kuangdi. "Tailings Discharge." In The ECPH Encyclopedia of Mining and Metallurgy, 1–2. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0740-1_1438-1.

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Chunfu, Yang, and Xu Kuangdi. "Tailings Dam." In The ECPH Encyclopedia of Mining and Metallurgy, 1–2. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0740-1_1437-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Tailings"

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Vandenhove, Hildegarde, Jean Jacques Clerc, Holger Quarch, Abdilamit Aitkulov, Maxim Savosin, Isakbek Torgoev, and Muradil Mirzachev. "Mailuu-Suu Tailings Problems and Options for Remediation." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4535.

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The area of the town of Mailuu Suu, Kyrgyzstan, is polluted by radionuclides and heavy metals in tailing dumps and heaps resulting from the historic exploitation of U-mines in the Mailuu Suu area in Kyrgyzstan. Radioactive substances are stored in 23 tailings and 13 mining debris heaps situated along the Mailuu Suu River. The objective of the EC-TACIS funded project is to evaluate and prepare measures to be taken by the authorities to reduce the radiological exposure of the population and to prevent environmental pollution by radionuclides and heavy metals in case of loss of tightness of dams and damage to dumps and heaps from mining and milling by land and mudslides and to propose sustainable remedial options, accepted by the public. The actual radiological situation is of no immediate concern for most of the population of Mailuu Suu. From the gamma radiation monitoring campaign (monitoring network in Mailuu Suu, Kara Agach and vicinity), it showed that the background radiation is 100–120 nSv/h. On the tailings radiation is on average twice background. The average outside and in-house radon concentration is 175 Bq/m3. In 3 of the houses monitored at Kara Agach the radon level is between the exemption limit for new (200 Bq/m3) and old (400 Bq/m3) houses. The concentration of uranium in the Mailuu Suu river water is far below the exemption limit for drinking water set in Kyrgyzstan. Additional dose from irrigation with Mailuu Suu river water is small in actual conditions (< 0.1 mSv/year). However, there is an important possibility that triggered by an eathquake or a landslide, (part of the) tailing(s) content may be directed to the river Mailuu Suu. Doses to the affected population may increase to multiple ten mSv per annum. Given the actual limited stability of Tailing N°3, the potental of such a disaster to occur isnon-neglegible. To impede the consequences of a potential disaster, under the TACIS project different remedial options are evaluated for Tailing 3 including in situ stabilisation and tailing translocation. Also more global remedial options for the Mailuu Suu River valley are studied (translocation of other tailings, tunnel to deviate river, partial protection of river from landslide blockage). It was proposed to acquire a phased approach in time performing urgent limited stabilisation options for Tailing 3, improve the stability of the Tailing 3 by COLMIX-columns in the medium term, while investigating and evaluating further two long-term remedial options: the translocation of the tailings and the long-right-bank river diversion tunnel.
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Sinani, Berat, Blazo Boev, Arianit Reka, Ivan Boev, Musaj Pacarizi, and Epir Qeriqi. "GEO-STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DISTRIBUTION OF As, Fe, Mn, Cu, AND Zn IN ARTANA MINE TAILING FROM FLOATING PROCESS." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/2.1/s08.22.

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Tailings in Kosovo as in any other country in the world look like an asset and mineral resources, but despite this, these Tailings have a very large impact on the process of environmental pollution. In addition to the chemical and mineralogical research of the Artana Art-1 Tailings, we have conducted research on the geostatistical distribution of most pollutants and chemical elements of this tailing. The flotation process of the Artana mine builds tailing Art-1 and the waste released from this process is dumped in this tailing (Trepca. JSC 2020). The Artana area includes the part of the territory of the Republic of Kosovo, between the coordinates 4716114, 4725406 of the northern latitude and 7530293, 7540539 of the eastern longitude. This part is mainly a mountainous area, with the Gollak Mountains in the north and the Strazha and Zhegoc Mountains in the south. Administratively the study area is part of the municipality of Prishtina. Thanks to technological processes not very advanced in these tailing, we have a high concentration of various chemical elements, this has made many researchers take this work more seriously, but in addition to the high concentration of these elements, we also have high concentration elements of As, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn which create very large pollution in the environment.
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Li, Allen. "Prediction of tailings beach slopes and tailings flow profiles." In 14th International Seminar on Paste and Thickened Tailings. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_rep/1104_28_ali.

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Fall, Mamadou. "Are Tailings Waste?" In The 5th World Congress on New Technologies. Avestia Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/icepr19.02.

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Li, H., J. Hinton, and J. Navarro. "Farmed tailings stacking." In Paste 2024: 26th International Conference on Paste, Thickened and Filtered Tailings. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/2455_15.

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Ulrich, Bryan, and Jeffrey Coffin. "Considerations for tailings facility design and operation using filtered tailings." In 16th International Seminar on Paste and Thickened Tailings. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_rep/1363_15_ulrich.

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Hogg, Christopher. "Filtered tailings in Western Australian iron ore projects — comparison of filtered tailings with other tailings disposal methods." In First International Seminar on the Reduction of Risk in the Management of Tailings and Mine Waste. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_rep/1008_38_hogg.

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Taki, Golam, and Talitha Santini. "Amelioration of Tailings into a Blended Waste Cap for Tailings Closure." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2537.

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Yuan, X., Nan Wang, Adedeji Dunmola, Meghan Curran, Jasmyn Sharp, and Audrey Lanoue. "Co-processing of fresh oil sand tailings and fluid fine tailings." In Paste 2023: 25th International Conference on Paste, Thickened and Filtered Tailings. University of Alberta and Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Edmonton and Perth, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/2355_37.

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Fitton, Timothy. "Avoiding large tailings dams without going underground-Robinsky’s thickened tailings concept." In 20th International Seminar on Paste and Thickened Tailings. University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_rep/1752_27_fitton.

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Reports on the topic "Tailings"

1

Opitz, B. E., M. E. Dodson, and R. J. Serne. Uranium mill tailings neutralization: contaminant complexation and tailings leaching studies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5589077.

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Desbarats, A. J., and J. B. Percival. Hydrogeochemistry of mine tailings from a carbonatite-hosted Nb-REE deposit, Oka, Quebec, Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331256.

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Environmental impacts associated with the mining of carbonatite deposits are an emerging concern due to the demand for critical metals. This study investigates the chemistry of tailings seepage at the former Saint Lawrence Columbium mine near Oka, Québec, Canada, which produced pyrochlore concentrate and ferroniobium from a carbonatite-hosted Nb-REE deposit. Its objectives are to characterize the mineralogy of the tailings and their pore water and effluent chemistries. Geochemical mass balance modeling, constrained by aqueous speciation modeling and mineralogy, is then used to identify reactions controlling the chemical evolution of pore water along its flow path through the tailings impoundment. The tailings are composed mainly of REE-enriched calcite (82 wt. %), biotite (12 wt. %) and fluorapatite (4 wt. %). Minor minerals include chlorite, pyrite, sphalerite, molybdenite and unrecovered pyrochlore. Secondary minerals include gypsum, barite and strontianite. Within the unsaturated zone, pore water chemistry is controlled by sulfide oxidation and calcite dissolution with acid neutralization. With increasing depth below the water table, pore water composition reflects gypsum dissolution followed by sulfate reduction and FeS precipitation driven by the oxidation of organic carbon in the tailings. Concomitantly, incongruent dissolution of biotite and chlorite releases K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Ba and F, forming kaolinite and Ca-smectite. Cation exchange reactions further remove Ca from solution, increasing concentrations of Na and K. Fluoride concentrations reach 23 mg/L and 8 mg/L in tailings pore water and effluent, respectively. At a pH of 8.3, Mo is highly mobile and reaches an average concentration of 83 µg/L in tailings effluent. Although U also forms mobile complexes, concentrations do not exceed 16 µg/L due to the low solubility of its pyrochlore host. Adsorption and the low solubility of pyrochlore limit concentrations of Nb to less than 49 µg/L. Cerium, from calcite dissolution, is strongly adsorbed although it reaches concentrations (unfiltered) in excess of 1 mg/L and 100 µg/L in pore water and effluent, respectively. Mine tailings from carbonatite deposits are enriched in a variety of incompatible elements with mineral hosts of varying reactivity. Some of these elements, such as F and Mo, may represent contaminants of concern because of their mobility in alkaline tailings waters.
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Skone, Timothy J. Storage/Disposal Coal Mine Tailings. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509136.

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Neeraj K. Mendiratta, Roe-Hoan Yoon, and Paul Richardson. SUBAQUEOUS DISPOSAL OF MILL TAILINGS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/757222.

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Lévesque, J., V. Singhroy, K. Staenz, and D. Bolton. Site Characterization of Mine Tailings at the INCO Copper Cliff Tailings Impoundment area Using casi Imagery. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/218975.

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Moss, Robb, Tristan Gebhart, David Frost, and Christian Ledezma. Flow-Failure Case History of the Las Palmas, Chile, Tailings Dam. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/gvif2980.

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This report documents the flow failure of the Las Palmas tailings dam that was induced by the 27 February 2010 Maule Chile M8.8 earthquake. The Las Palmas site is located in Central Chile in Region VII near the town of Talca. Construction of the tailings dam occurred between 1998 as part of a gold mining operation and was no longer in active use. The ground shaking from the earthquake induced liquefaction of the saturated tailings material and resulted in a flow failure that ran out upwards of 350 m, flowing downslope in two directions. This report is broken into three sections: A summary of the construction and flow failure of the Las Palmas tailings dam; Details on the field investigations at the site, including the 2010 GEER reconnaissance, 2011 litigation support [DICTUC 2012], and the recent PEER–NGL-funded 2017 investigation; and Back-analysis of the flow failure by Gebhart [2016] to estimate the residual strength. The goal of this work is to provide a “high-quality” flow-failure case history to augment the existing database. The existing database is composed of roughly thirty case histories of varying quality (e.g., Weber et al. [2015] and Kramer and Wang [2015]). Herein, the term “high-quality” means that the in situ measurements were made in a controlled and repeatable manner, and that the back-analysis of the residual strength was performed considering static and dynamic effects of the slide mass. The results from this research indicate that the median back-analyzed residual strength of the liquefied material is ~8.3 kPa (~173 psf) at a pre-earthquake vertical effective stress of 2 atm (~200 kpa or 4000 psf), which is correlated to a median SPT blow count of N1,60~2.5, a median CPT tip resistance of qc1~1.3 MPa, and a median shear-wave velocity of VS1~172 m/sec. The back analyzed residual strength has a nominal coefficient of variation of 5.5% determined using a sensitivity analysis.
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Shang, J., J. Lévesque, K. Staenz, P. J. Howarth, B. Morris, and L. Lanteigne. Investigating casi Responses to Different Levels of Tailing Oxidation: Inco Copper Cliff Tailings area, Northern Ontario, Canada. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/219862.

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Fayer, M. J. Measurements of uranium mill tailings consolidation characteristics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6088864.

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Xu, Yuming, and H. Hamza. Flocculation of oil sand tailings. pilot-scale tests. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/305296.

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Shang, J., K. Staenz, J. Lévesque, P. J. Howarth, B. Morris, and L. Lanteigne. Mine Tailings Characterization Using PROBE Data (Preliminary Results). Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/219889.

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