Relevant bibliographies by topics / TAGUCHI L16 ARRAY

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Academic literature on the topic 'TAGUCHI L16 ARRAY'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 16 January 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "TAGUCHI L16 ARRAY"

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Struzikiewicz, Grzegorz, Wojciech Zębala, and Ksenia Rumian. "Application of Taguchi Method to Optimization of Cutting Force and Temperature during Turning of Difficult to Cut Materials." Key Engineering Materials 686 (February 2016): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.686.114.

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The paper presents an analysis of the selection of the regression function in the optimization of steel turning using Taguchi method. The study attempts to investigate cutting force and temperature during turning of steel. Taguchi L16 (4) 2 orthogonal array has been applied for experimental design. S/N ratio and ANOVA analyses were performed to identify significant parameters influencing cutting force and temperature. Mathematical models for both response parameters i.e. cutting force and temperature roughness were obtained through regression analysis. The confirmation experiments carried out at optimal combination of parameters given by Taguchi’s analysis. The optimal solution provided by desirability function optimization was compared with the optimal setting of parameters given by Taguchi analysis. The optimization results provided by both techniques are in close proximity.
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Bashir M. Aburawi and Meor Othman Hamzah. "Investigating the Effect of Experimental Factors on the Performance of Warm Mix Asphalt with Wax Additive using Application of the Taguchi Method." Journal of Pure & Applied Sciences 22, no. 3 (October 2, 2023): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.51984/jopas.v22i3.2735.

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The objective of this study was to assess the impact of experimental factors on the volumetric properties and performance of warm mix asphalt (WMA) with RH-WMA using the Taguchi method. The gradations of the mixtures were based on AC 14, as specified by the Public Works Department of Malaysia. An L16 orthogonal array was employed to design the mixtures, considering three factors: compaction temperatures ranging from 95 to 140°C, RH-WMA contents ranging from 1% to 4%, and asphalt contents ranging from 3.5% to 6.5%. Sixteen mixtures were prepared according to the L16 array. The study focused on investigating several volumetric properties, including bulk-specific gravity, air voids, voids filled with asphalt, and voids in mineral aggregates. Additionally, the strength behavior of the samples was analyzed using the Taguchi method. The resilient modulus and performance of the mixtures were also evaluated. The results of the study indicate that a high RH-WMA content led to a slight decrease in the strength of the asphalt mixture and air voids. However, it increased the voids filled with asphalt (VFA) and resulted in softening of the asphalt mixtures.
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Khavekar, Rajendra, Hari Vasudevan, and Gosar Vimal. "Optimization of Injection Moulding Process Parameters for Manufacturing Plastic Components (PBT) Using Taguchi Method (TM)." Materials Science Forum 969 (August 2019): 775–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.969.775.

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In this Paper, the application of Taguchi Method (TM) on the process parameters of Injection Moulding of Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT) is presented. The influence of process parameters, such as Injection Pressure, Suckback Pressure, Injection Time, Cooling Time, Zone 1 Temperature & Zone 2 Temperature (Barrel Temperatures) on Dark Spots and Short Shots (defects) were investigated using the Orthogonal Array L16 of Taguchi Method for 6 factors at 2 levels each with the response being percent defectives. It was found that Injection Pressure, Injection Time & Zone 1 Temperature had a major effect on the response. After the application of Taguchi Method, the rejection rate dropped down to 5.84% from 11.33%, which is a 48.45% reduction.
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Eski, Ardahan, Zihni Demirbağ, and İsmail Demir. "Improvement of delta-endotoxin production from local Bacillus thuringiensis Se13 using Taguchi’s orthogonal array methodology." Turkish Journal of Biochemistry 43, no. 6 (July 25, 2018): 662–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tjb-2017-0364.

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Abstract Objective The insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis directly depends on the yield of delta-endotoxins. In this study, various nutritional and cultural parameters influencing delta-endotoxin synthesis by a local isolate of B. thuringiensis Se13 were investigated using Taguchi methods. Methods In the first experiment, four factors, incubation period, incubation temperature, initial pH and medium, each at four levels, were selected and an orthogonal array layout of L16 was carried out. In the second experiment, Taguchi’s orthogonal array method of L27 was used to evaluate the effects of the different concentration of medium components. Taguchi’s signal–noise ratio and variance analysis were applied to determine the effect of the factors. After each experiment, verification studies were carried out using determined optimum conditions. Results The optimum conditions for incubation period, incubation temperature, initial pH, and medium determined as 72 h, 30°C, pH 9, and M4 medium, respectively. In the second experiment, soybean flour (5%), glucose (5%), KH2PO4 (0.3%), K2HPO4 (0.1%), MgSO4 (0.4%) were determined as the optimum conditions. The delta-endotoxin yield was elevated to 1559.25 μg mL−1 when the factors were adjusted to optimum level. Conclusion Optimization using the Taguchi method appeared to be a good choice for the overproduction of delta-endotoxin.
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Karolina, Rahmi, Johannes Tarigan, M. A. Megat Johari, M. J. A. Mijarsh, and Harianto Hardjasaputra. "Synthesis of Volcanic Ash-based Geopolymer Mortar Designed by the Taguchi Method." Civil Engineering Journal 8, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 2585–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2022-08-11-016.

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This study focuses on the geopolymer synthesized from Mount Sinabung’s volcanic ash. The compressive strength of the geopolymer was determined by optimizing five factors using the Taguchi method’s L16 array. The five factors included: volcanic ash wt.%, Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) wt.%, Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration (mole), Na2SiO3/NaOH wt.% and water/binder (w/b) wt.%. A total of 16 mixtures were prepared per the L16 array and evaluated on five levels to obtain the optimum mixture. The main findings of this study revealed that A2B1C2D3E4 produced the highest compressive strength of 79.625 MPa after three days of curing time, while A4B2C3D1E4 produced the lowest compressive strength of 41.93 MPa. The signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio analysis from the Taguchi method shows that the factor of Na2SiO3 has a greater impact on compressive strength. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) result for the geopolymer mortar revealed the formation of aluminosilicate type (N-A-S-H) and calcium silicate (C-S-H) gels, whereas the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) result exhibited numerous pores and a denser structure. These characterization results demonstrated that the polymerization of volcanic ash mortar from Sinabung successfully conserves natural resources. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-11-016 Full Text: PDF
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Ahmed, Shaimaa Abdul-Rahman, and Hasan F. Makki. "Corrosion Rate Optimization of Mild-Steel under Different Cooling Tower Working Parameters Using Taguchi Design." Journal of Engineering 26, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2020.01.13.

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This study investigates the implementation of Taguchi design in the estimation of minimum corrosion rate of mild-steel in cooling tower that uses saline solution of different concentration. The experiments were set on the basis of Taguchi’s L16 orthogonal array. The runs were carried out under different condition such as inlet concentration of saline solution, temperature, and flowrate. The Signal-to- Noise ratio and ANOVA analysis were used to define the impact of cooling tower working conditions on the corrosion rate. A regression had been modelled and optimized to identify the optimum level for the working parameters that had been founded to be 13%NaCl, 35ᴼC, and 1 l/min. Also a confirmation run to establish the precision of the Taguchi design for optimization the corrosion rate in cooling tower with high reliability. The contour plot had been applied to understand how it can be in finding the relation between the corrosion rate and the working parameters of the cooling tower.
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Tabaraki, Reza, and Mina Khodabakhshi. "Multidye Biosorption: Wavelet Neural Network Modeling and Taguchi L16 Orthogonal Array Design." CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water 45, no. 5 (April 18, 2017): 1500499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clen.201500499.

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Gugulothu, Bhiksha, P. S. Satheesh Kumar, Bathula Srinivas, Alapati Ramakrishna, and S. Vijayakumar. "Investigating the Material Removal Rate Parameters in ECM for Al 5086 Alloy-Reinforced Silicon Carbide/Flyash Hybrid Composites by Using Minitab-18." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (November 3, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2079811.

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This study explained about machining parameters of Al5086/Flyash/Sic hybrid metal matrix composites by the Taguchi technique. Al5086 reinforced in SiC (5–10 wt %) and 8% weight of flyash are retained as constants. The specimens are prepared with the help of the stir casting method. The material removal rate was examined by electrochemical machining under various parameters such as feed rate (0.15–0.30 mm/min), voltage (10–20 V), and electrolyte concentration (20–35 g/litre). Taguchi’s L16 orthogonal array was selected for design of experiments (DOEs), and 16 experimental tests were conducted to examine the effect of the selected machining parameters employed to identify the best optimal levels and also to investigate the effect of electrochemical machining parameters on MRR determined by Minitab-18.
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Sreeraj, P., T. Kannan, and Maji Subhasis. "Analysis of flux cored arc welding process parameters by hybrid taguchi approach." World Journal of Engineering 11, no. 6 (December 1, 2014): 575–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1708-5284.11.6.575.

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This paper presents calculation of the welding process parameters for obtaining optimal weld bead geometry in Flux Cored arc welding (FCAW) process. Bead on plate welding was carried as per L16 orthogonal array. In this paper weld bead geometry such as penetration, bead width, reinforcement and percentage of dilution of IS 2062 structural steel plates investigated. Two hybrid techniques firstly Taguchi method coupled with Grey relational analysis and secondly Taguchi method in combination with desirability function (DF) approach has been applied in this paper. Comparison made between two hybrid optimization techniques are made to analyze to choose the best method. Optimal results have been confirmed by confirmatory experiment which showed satisfactory results.
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Wang, Hong Jun, Dun Wen Zuo, Hong Miao, Hong Feng Wang, and Min Wang. "Effect of Discharge Parameters on Micro-Surface Topography of NAK80 by Mirror-Like Surface EDM." Key Engineering Materials 431-432 (March 2010): 438–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.431-432.438.

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The effects of discharge parameters on micro-surface topography in mirror-like surface electrical discharge machining (EDM) process were investigated, and the optimization scheme was obtained. The realization of the process parameters and their effects were analyzed by the Taguchi method. The surface roughness amd 2D micro-surface topography were measured. An L16 (44×23) Taguchi standard orthogonal array was chosen for the design of experiments. The level of importance of the parameters parameters on surface roughness was determined by using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The experimental results confirmed that peak current and open discharge voltage have more influence on the surface roughness on mirror-like surface EDMed workpiece in comparison with pulse duration and pulse off-time.
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Book chapters on the topic "TAGUCHI L16 ARRAY"

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Sharma, Neeraj, and Kamal Kumar. "Fabrication of Porous NiTi Alloy Using Organic Binders." In Composites and Advanced Materials for Industrial Applications, 38–62. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5216-1.ch003.

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Nitinol has growing applications in aerospace industries, MEMS, and bio-medical industries due to its unique properties of pseudo-elasticity, bio-compatibility, and shape-memory effect. Behaviour of NiTi alloy can be changed by altering the composition, modifying the porosity, and applying external thermal and mechanical treatment. In this chapter, porous NiTi alloy with powder metallurgy is fabricated by varying the composition of polypropylene as an organic binder from 0% to 15%, and Young's modulus and porosity of porous alloy has been evaluated. The effect of process parameters—compaction pressure, sintering temperature, and sintering time—are evaluated using Taguchi L16 orthogonal array. These particles initially act as a binder but with the increase of temperature, the organic particles evaporate and create pores. With the increase of organic particle percentage, the porosity increases while Young's modulus decreases. SEM was used to characterize the fabricated porous NiTi alloy.
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Manna, Alakesh. "Taguchi, Fuzzy Logic and Grey Relational Analysis Based Optimization of ECSM Process during Micro Machining of E-Glass-Fibre-Epoxy Composite." In Computational Methods for Optimizing Manufacturing Technology, 242–61. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0128-4.ch010.

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In this chapter, the use of Taguchi method, Fuzzy logic, and Grey relational analysis based on an L16 (45) orthogonal array for optimizing the multi response process characteristics during electrochemical spark machining (ECSM) of electrically non-conductive e-glass-fibre-epoxy composite (e-glass-FEC) is reported. An electrochemical spark machining setup has been designed and fabricated for micro machining of e-glass-FEC and experimental results are utilized for optimizing the process parameter (DC supply voltage, Electrolyte concentration, and Gap between tool and auxiliary electrode) with considerations of the multiple responses such as material removal rate and over cut on hole radius effectively. From the analysis, it is found that at higher setting value of DC supply voltage (e.g. 70 volts) and at moderate setting value of electrolytic concentration (e.g. 80 g/l) and 180 mm gap between tool and auxiliary electrode the material removal rate (MRR) is maximum. Utilizing the test results, mathematical models for MRR and overcut on hole radius are developed to predict the setting value of ECSM parameters in advance.
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Kalsi, Nirmal S., Rakesh Sehgal, and Vishal S. Sharma. "Grey-Based Taguchi Analysis Approach for Optimization of Multi-Objective Problem." In Advances in Business Information Systems and Analytics, 219–39. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5958-2.ch011.

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Due to the increase in complexity and expectations of more reliable solutions for a problem, the importance of multi-objective problem solutions is increasing day by day. It can play a significant role in making a decision. In the present approach, many combinations of the optimization techniques are proposed by the researchers. These hybrid evolutionary methods integrate positive characteristics of different methods and show the advantage to reach global optimization. In this chapter, Taguchi method and the GRA (Grey Relation Analysis) technique are pronounced and used to optimize a multi-objective metal cutting process to yield maximum performance of tungsten carbide-cobalt cutting tool inserts in turning. L18 orthogonal array is selected to analyze the effect of cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut using cryogenically treated and untreated inserts. The performance is evaluated in terms of main cutting force, power consumption, tool wear, and material removal rate using main effect plots of S/N (Signal to Noise) ratios. This chapter indicates that the grey-based Taguchi technique is not only a novel, efficient, and reliable method of optimization, but also contributes to satisfactory solution for multi-machining objectives in the turning process. It is concluded that cryogenically treated cutting tool inserts perform better. However, the feed rate affects the process performance most significantly.
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Conference papers on the topic "TAGUCHI L16 ARRAY"

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Najarian, F., M. Y. Noordin, F. M. Nor, and D. Kurniawan. "Analysis of Deep Hole Drilling in Presence of Electromagnetic Field Using Taguchi Technique." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-40139.

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Electromagnetic field assisted machining is potential and is of particular interest to be explored to improve machining quality with minimum environmental effect. In this study, the effect of electromagnetic field on tool and workpiece is analyzed along with the effects of presence of drilling bush, feedrate, and spindle speed to the quality of hole for deep hole drilling. The effect of these control factors to the drilled hole’s cylindricity error and roundness error was determined using Taguchi technique. L16 orthogonal array design of experiments was used, with regression model was calculated and tested using analysis of variance. Spindle speed was found to be the only significant factor, with other factors did not give significant effect to roundness or cylindricity, except for tool magnetization which affected cylindricity. Issues with magnetization system are likely hinder the magnetic field to exhibit potential to improve machining quality, and should be addressed for future study.
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Sreeharan, B. N., R. K. Nitheeshwar, R. Aswin Baalaje, and T. Kannan. "Optimization of GMAW control factors over weld bead parameters of AA 6351 material using Taguchi L16 orthogonal array." In THE 8TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON TRENDS IN SCIENCE AND SCIENCE EDUCATION (AISTSSE) 2021. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0108326.

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Wambua, J. M., F. M. Mwema, E. T. Akinlabi, and Buddi Tanya. "Optimization of CNC Milling of General-Purpose Poly (Methyl Methacrylate)." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-68756.

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Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of CNC milling parameters on the material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra) of the general-purpose PMMA. The milling parameters considered were cutting speed, axial depth of cut and feed rate, each having four levels obtained through experimental trial and error. The levels were 300 rpm, 700 rpm, 1300 rpm, and 2000 rpm for the cutting speed; 0.3 mm, 0.8 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2 mm for the axial depth of cut; and 50 mm/min, 100 mm/min, 200 mm/min, and 350 mm/min for the feed rate. The Taguchi technique was used to design the experiments and carry out the analysis and optimization with an L16 orthogonal array. From the analysis, the optimal milling parameters for the maximum MRR were a cutting speed of 300 rpm, an axial depth of cut of 2 mm, and a 350 mm/min feed rate. The optimal CNC milling parameters for the least Ra were obtained at a cutting speed of 2000 rpm, an axial depth of cut of 0.3 mm, and a 50 mm/min feed rate. An ANOVA conducted depicted that all three factors were significant towards the MRR with the feed rate having the highest percentage contribution (48.8%), followed by the depth of cut (38.3%), and lastly, the cutting speed (9.8%). An ANOVA for Ra depicted that cutting speed and feed rate were the most significant factors. The axial depth of cut was insignificant towards the mean surface roughness. In terms of percentage contributions to the mean surface roughness, the cutting speed had the highest contribution (59.9%), followed by the feed rate (19.4%), and lastly, the axial depth of cut (13.9%).
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Srinivas, Ch Lakshmi, N. Bharat Kumar, N. Brahmaiah, P. Siva Kumar, P. Abhinash, and D. Vijay Praveen. "WEDM Parametric Study on Machining Responses of AA-6082/MoS<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> HMMCs." In 1st International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Emerging Technologies. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-az16q5.

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The current research paper was focused on investigating the influence of wire electrical discharge machining parameters on machining responses of AA-6082/MoS2/Al2O3 Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites (HMMCs). In this paper, Taguchi L18 (2^1 ×3^4) orthogonal array was adopted to conduct the experiments. From the experimental investigations, it was observed that the electrode wire type, pulse on time, and pulse off time have shown a remarkable effect on the machining responses. Keywords: Al-MMC, AA-6082, Stir casting, MRR, Taguchi method
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Mohammadi, Aminollah, Alireza Fadaei Tehrani, Davoud Karimi, and Ehsan Emanian. "A New Approach in Surface Roughness and Roundness Improvement in Wire Electrical Discharge Turning Based on Statistical Analyses." In ASME 2006 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2006-21001.

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In this paper, the effects and optimization of machining parameters on surface roughness and roundness in turning by wire EDM process are investigated. Surface roughness and roundness, were chosen, as the machining parameters to verify the process. In addition, power, time-off, voltage, servo, wire speed, wire tension and rotational speed were adopted for evaluation by Taguchi method. A L18 (21 × 37) Taguchi standard orthogonal array is chosen for the design of experiments. The level of importance of the machining parameters on the surface roughness and roundness is determined by using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimum machining parameters combination was obtained by using the analysis of signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. The variation of surface roughness and roundness with machining parameters is mathematically modeled by using regression analysis method. Finally, experimentation was carried out to identify the effectiveness of the proposed method. A good improvement was obtained.
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Kuruvila, Nixon, and H. V. Ravindra. "Parametric Influence and Optimization of Wire EDM on Oil Hardened Non Shrinking Steel." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63379.

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Wire-cut Electro Discharge Machining (WEDM) is a special form of conventional EDM process in which electrode is a continuously moving conductive wire. The present study aims at determining parametric influence and optimum process parameters of Wire-EDM using Taguchi’s Technique and Genetic algorithm. The variation of the performance parameters with machining parameters was mathematically modeled by Regression analysis method. The objective functions are Dimensional Accuracy (DA) and Volumetric Material Removal Rate (VMRR). Experiments were designed as per Taguchi’s L16 Orthogonal Array (OA) where in Pulse-on duration, Current, Pulse-off duration, Bed-speed and Flushing rate have been considered as the important input parameters. The matrix experiments were conducted for the material Oil Hardened Non Shrinking Steel (OHNS) having the thickness of 40 mm. The results of the study reveals that among the machining parameters it is preferable to go in for smaller pulse-off duration for achieving over all good performance. Regarding MRR, OHNS is to be eroded with medium pulse-off duration and higher flush rate. Finally, the validation exercise performed with the optimum levels of the process parameters. The results confirm the efficiency of the approach employed for optimization of process parameters in this study.
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Srinivas, Ch Lakshmi, D. Vijay Praveen, Gamineni Suresh, Ravuri Gowtham, Ragala Siddu, Bandi Ravi Teja, and Thambi Babu Remalli. "Investigations on Wear and Friction Characteristics of AA-2024/MOS<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> HMMCs." In 1st International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Emerging Technologies. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-z65514.

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Upgrading of reinforcements with suitable combinations in Aluminum-based hybrid metal matrix composites became a key area of research in the current manufacturing era. These advanced materials have enriched Properties like specific strength, wear resistance, and low thermal expansion. With these perceptions, the current research paper was focused on AA-2024/MoS2/Al2O3 HMMCs. Taguchi L18 orthogonal array was adopted to design the experiments. Hybrid composites containing MoS2 and Al2O3 reinforcements were fabricated by the stir casting method. The pin on disk tribometer was used for finding the wear rate and coefficient of friction of prepared composites by considering sliding speed, applied load, and sliding time as wear parameters. Further, the influence of wear parameters on Wear Rate and Coefficient of Friction (COF) was presented. Consequently, the significance of the parameters on wear rate and COF are analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA).
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Elgomati, Husam Ahmed, Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis, and Ibrahim Ahmad. "Modeling and optimizing of threshold voltage of 32nm NMOS transistor using L18 orthogonal array Taguchi method." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2012: (ICFAS2012). AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4757531.

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Ahmed L., Shakeel, and Pradeep Kumar M. "Optimization of Reaming Process Parameters for Titanium Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Using Grey Relational Analysis." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66574.

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Reaming is one of the finishing processes that have been widely applied in manufacturing industries. Reaming of Titanium Ti-6Al-4V alloy material is an important and current research topic on manufacturing processes. Optimal process parameter setting is an important element in the machinability study of Titanium Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Optimization has most significant importance, particularly for reaming operations. This research work focuses on the multi-response optimization of reaming process parameters using the Taguchi and Grey relational technique to obtain minimum cutting temperature (T), thrust force (Ft), torque (Mt), surface roughness (Ra) and hole quality. The experiments were performed on Titanium Ti-6Al-4V alloy using uncoated carbide straight shank reamer under wet and cryogenic LN2 conditions. Eighteen experimental runs (L18) based on the Taguchi method of orthogonal arrays were performed to determine the best factor level condition. The environment, cutting speed and feed rate were selected as control factors. Grey relational analysis was used to determine the most significant control factors affecting the output parameters. Grey relational grade obtained from the grey relational analysis was used to solve the reaming process with the optimal levels of the multiple performance characteristics responses were established. The optimum results indicate that the reaming results have been improved in wet coolant than the cryogenic LN2 condition.
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Bauer, Dietrich, and Regine Krebs. "Optimization of Deep Drawing Processes Using Statistical Design of Experiments." In ASME 1996 Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-detc/dac-1446.

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Abstract For a deep drawing process some important controllable variables (factors) upon the maximum drawing force are analyzed to find a setting adjustment for these process factors that provides a very low force for the metal forming process. For this investigation an orthogonal array L18 with three-fold replication is used. To find the optimum of the process, the experimental results are analyzed in accordance with the robust-design-method according to Taguchi (Liesegang et. al., 1990). For this purpose, so-called Signal-to-Noise-ratios are calculated. The analysis of variance for this S/N-ratios leads to a mathematical model for the deep drawing process. This model allows to find the pressumed optimal settings of the investigated factors. In the following, a confirmation experiment is carried out by using these optimal settings. The maximum drawing force of the confirmation experiment does not correspond with the confidence interval, which was calculated by analysis of variance techniques. So the predicted optimum of the process does not lead to a metal forming process with very low deep drawing force. The comparison with a full factorial plan shows that there are interactions between the investigated factors. These interactions could not be discovered by the used orthogonal array. Thus the established mathematical model does not describe the relation between the factors and deep drawing force in accordance with the practical deep drawing conditions.
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