Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tag Probe

Academic literature on the topic 'Tag Probe'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Tag Probe"

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Lin, Jium Ming, and Po Kuang Chang. "A Novel Remote Health Monitor with Replaceable Non-Fragile Bio-Probes on RFID Tag." Applied Mechanics and Materials 145 (December 2011): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.145.415.

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Conventional bio-probes are produced on a silicon substrate, they are not only fragile but unable to dispose according to the profile of human body in a large area manner, and thus the contact resistance between probe and skin may be increased. Besides, the signal processing devices are required to improve both S/N ratio and impedance matching problems. This paper proposes a novel remote human health monitor and an active RFID tag with replaceable non-frangible probes and thin-film-transistor (TFT) amplifiers. The probes are made of bio-degradable polymer (photo resist) and covered with bio-compatible TiN. In addition, we use two pieces of double sides conducting tapes to connect both TFT amplifiers and probe modules. Thus the probe module can be replaced easily by peeling the used probe module away from the double sides conducting tapes to supply a new one. Since the tag is a flexible plastic substrate, e, g. PT, PET and PI, so the probes are easier to deploy and conform to the human body profile. In addition, the signal can be amplified by the TFT amplifier nearby to improve both S/N ratio and impedance matching. Thus the human health conditions can be remotely monitored by measuring various acupuncture impedances via the active RFID tag. The active RFID monitoring range is 15m by using 2.45 GHz ISM band, the probe resistance and parasitic capacitance are as 2735 Ω and 60.7 pf, respectively. Since the typical human acupuncture point resistance is about 40-120KΩ, thus the proposed device and system can be applied.
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Xu, Hao, Hairat Sabit, Gordon L. Amidon, and H. D. Hollis Showalter. "An improved synthesis of a fluorophosphonate–polyethylene glycol–biotin probe and its use against competitive substrates." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 9 (January 15, 2013): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.9.12.

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The fluorophosphonate (FP) moiety attached to a biotin tag is a prototype chemical probe used to quantitatively analyze and enrich active serine hydrolases in complex proteomes in an approach called activity-based protein profiling (ABPP). In this study we have designed a novel synthetic route to a known FP probe linked by polyethylene glycol to a biotin tag (FP–PEG–biotin). Our route markedly increases the efficiency of the probe synthesis and overcomes several problems of a prior synthesis. As a proof of principle, FP–PEG–biotin was evaluated against isolated protein mixtures and different rat-tissue homogenates, showing its ability to specifically target serine hydrolases. We also assessed the ability of FP–PEG–biotin to compete with substrates that have high enzyme turnover rates. The reduced protein-band intensities resulting in these competition studies demonstrate a new application of FP-based probes seldom explored before.
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Gupta, Vikram, Haoyue Shi, Kevin Gimpel, and Mrinmaya Sachan. "Deep Clustering of Text Representations for Supervision-Free Probing of Syntax." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 10 (June 28, 2022): 10720–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i10.21317.

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We explore deep clustering of multilingual text representations for unsupervised model interpretation and induction of syntax. As these representations are high-dimensional, out-of-the-box methods like K-means do not work well. Thus, our approach jointly transforms the representations into a lower-dimensional cluster-friendly space and clusters them. We consider two notions of syntax: Part of Speech Induction (POSI) and Constituency Labelling (CoLab) in this work. Interestingly, we find that Multilingual BERT (mBERT) contains surprising amount of syntactic knowledge of English; possibly even as much as English BERT (E-BERT). Our model can be used as a supervision-free probe which is arguably a less-biased way of probing. We find that unsupervised probes show benefits from higher layers as compared to supervised probes. We further note that our unsupervised probe utilizes E-BERT and mBERT representations differently, especially for POSI. We validate the efficacy of our probe by demonstrating its capabilities as a unsupervised syntax induction technique. Our probe works well for both syntactic formalisms by simply adapting the input representations. We report competitive performance of our probe on 45-tag English POSI, state-of-the-art performance on 12-tag POSI across 10 languages, and competitive results on CoLab. We also perform zero-shot syntax induction on resource impoverished languages and report strong results.
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Shen, Jingjing, Guan Liu, Wen Zhang, Wenwen Shi, Yang Zhou, Zejie Yu, Qunbo Mei, Lei Zhang, and Wei Huang. "Design and Detection of Cyanide Raman Tag pH-Responsive SERS Probes." Biosensors 13, no. 1 (December 25, 2022): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13010021.

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As one of the most important parameters of biochemical analysis and detection, the pH value plays a very important role in cell function, food preservation and production, soil and water sources, and other applications. This makes it increasingly important to explore pH detection methods in depth. In this paper, a pH-responsive SERS probe based on the cyano Raman Tag was designed to realize pH sensing detection through the influence of the pH value of analytes on the displacement of the cyano Raman peak in the SERS probe. This cyano Raman tag exhibited not only excellent sensitivity in the liner range of pH 3.0–9.0 with a limit of detection (LOD) of pH 0.33, but also the anti-interference performance and stability (the relative standard deviation (RSD) was calculated to be 6.68%, n = 5). These results indicated that this pH SERS probe with the Raman cyano tag can provide new research ideas for future biological detection, bioimaging, and environmental detection.
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Takei, F., and K. Nakatani. "Fluorescence turn-on hairpin-probe PCR." Chemical Communications 53, no. 8 (2017): 1393–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc08947j.

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A new fluorescence turn-on type of PCR monitoring system (Hpro-PCR) using a hairpin probe and a primer having a tag sequence at the 5′ end with the fluorescent molecule 2,7-diamino-1,8-naphthyridine derivative (DANP) has been developed.
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Qin, Qiu Yan, Yi Ping Qian, Zi Yu Wang, and Xiao Lin Fan. "Design and Synthesis of Fluorescent Betahistine Conjugates with Unique Imaging Property." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 712–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.712.

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Labeling cardiovascular drugs probes with a fluorescent tag is an alternative method of measuring drugs activities and distributions in vivo, and further using of advanced tools to diagnose or detect cardiovascular diseases. Using this approach, a fluorescent probe (betahistine-Flu, 1) of Betahistine-based was synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and LC-MS, and its UV-Vis absorption spectral and fluorescence spectral, and fluorescence imaging in cell model were investigated. It was found that the fluorescent probe display strong green fluorescence, and have good optical effect in cell. This study reveals a good and interesting results of betahistine-directed fluorescent probe, and its may be a possible candidate for cardiovascular disease diagnosis and analysis in vivo.
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Faltin, Bernd, Simon Wadle, Günter Roth, Roland Zengerle, and Felix von Stetten. "Mediator Probe PCR: A Novel Approach for Detection of Real-Time PCR Based on Label-Free Primary Probes and Standardized Secondary Universal Fluorogenic Reporters." Clinical Chemistry 58, no. 11 (November 1, 2012): 1546–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2012.186734.

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BACKGROUND The majority of established techniques for monitoring real-time PCR amplification involve individual target-specific fluorogenic probes. For analysis of numerous different targets the synthesis of these probes contributes to the overall cost during assay development. Sequence-dependent universal detection techniques overcome this drawback but are prone to detection of unspecific amplification products. We developed the mediator probe PCR as a solution to these problems. METHODS A set of label-free sequence-specific primary probes (mediator probes), each comprising a target-specific region and a standardized mediator tag, is cleaved upon annealing to its target sequence by the polymerases' 5′ nuclease activity. Release of a mediator triggers signal generation by cleavage of a complementary fluorogenic reporter probe. RESULTS Real-time PCR amplification of human papillomavirus 18 (HPV18), Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Homo sapiens DNA dilution series showed exceptional linearity when detected either by novel mediator probes (r2 = 0.991–0.999) or state-of-the-art hydrolysis probes (TaqMan probes) (r2 = 0.975–0.993). For amplification of HPV18 DNA the limits of detection were 78.3 and 85.1 copies per 10-μL reaction when analyzed with the mediator probe and hydrolysis probe, respectively. Duplex amplification of HPV18 target DNA and internal standard had no effects on back calculation of target copy numbers when quantified with either the mediator probe PCR (r2 = 0.998) or the hydrolysis probe PCR (r2 = 0.988). CONCLUSIONS The mediator probe PCR has equal performance to hydrolysis probe PCR and has reduced costs because of the use of universal fluorogenic reporters.
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Burgess, William C. "The bioacoustic probe: A general‐purpose acoustic recording tag." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 108, no. 5 (November 2000): 2583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4743598.

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Soejima, Mikiko, and Yoshiro Koda. "Fluorescence Melting Curve Analysis for Concurrent Genotyping of Three Tag SNPs in FUT3." Diagnostics 12, no. 12 (December 4, 2022): 3039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12123039.

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The synthesis of Lewis blood group antigens is governed by two fucosyltransferase genes, FUT2 and FUT3. Evidence is accumulating to suggest that functional polymorphisms of FUT2 and FUT3 are associated with a variety of clinical conditions. Fluorescence melting curve analysis (FMCA), using three different dual-labeled probes for concurrent genotyping of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of FUT3, c.59T>G, c.314C>T, and c.484G>A for Lewis-negative allele inference, was developed and validated using Ghanaian and Caucasian subjects. Although two other SNPs, c.55G>A, and c.61C>T, are located in the probe sequence for c.59T>G, it seems feasible to detect these two SNPs along with c.59T>G. The results obtained by probe-based FMCA were in perfect accordance with those obtained by Sanger sequencing for 106 Ghanaians and 100 Caucasians. The present method is useful and reliable for estimating Lewis-negative alleles on a relatively large scale.
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Jung, Kwan Ho, Matthew Fares, Leeann S. Grainger, Charles H. Wolstenholme, Anna Hou, Yu Liu, and Xin Zhang. "A SNAP-tag fluorogenic probe mimicking the chromophore of the red fluorescent protein Kaede." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 17, no. 7 (2019): 1906–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ob01483c.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tag Probe"

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Ericsson, Olle. "Biomolecular Analysis by Dual-Tag Microarrays and Single Molecule Amplification." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbiblioteket [distributör], 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8475.

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Hundewale, Nisar. "CAD Tools for DNA Micro-Array Design, Manufacture and Application." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cs_diss/13.

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Motivation: As the human genome project progresses and some microbial and eukaryotic genomes are recognized, numerous biotechnological processes have attracted increasing number of biologists, bioengineers and computer scientists recently. Biotechnological processes profoundly involve production and analysis of highthroughput experimental data. Numerous sequence libraries of DNA and protein structures of a large number of micro-organisms and a variety of other databases related to biology and chemistry are available. For example, microarray technology, a novel biotechnology, promises to monitor the whole genome at once, so that researchers can study the whole genome on the global level and have a better picture of the expressions among millions of genes simultaneously. Today, it is widely used in many fields- disease diagnosis, gene classification, gene regulatory network, and drug discovery. For example, designing organism specific microarray and analysis of experimental data require combining heterogeneous computational tools that usually differ in the data format; such as, GeneMark for ORF extraction, Promide for DNA probe selection, Chip for probe placement on microarray chip, BLAST to compare sequences, MEGA for phylogenetic analysis, and ClustalX for multiple alignments. Solution: Surprisingly enough, despite huge research efforts invested in DNA array applications, very few works are devoted to computer-aided optimization of DNA array design and manufacturing. Current design practices are dominated by ad-hoc heuristics incorporated in proprietary tools with unknown suboptimality. This will soon become a bottleneck for the new generation of high-density arrays, such as the ones currently being designed at Perlegen [109]. The goal of the already accomplished research was to develop highly scalable tools, with predictable runtime and quality, for cost-effective, computer-aided design and manufacturing of DNA probe arrays. We illustrate the utility of our approach by taking a concrete example of combining the design tools of microarray technology for Harpes B virus DNA data.
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李晉鏗 and Chun-hang Lee. "The prose of Tang Shunzhi (1507-1560)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31210417.

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Lindberg, Max. "Fluorescent fusion proteins as probes to characterize tau fibril polymorphism." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kemi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-158263.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a large and growing problem and while we today lack a full understanding of this disease, we know that the protein tau and the amyloid fibrils it forms play a central role in its development. We also know that these fibrils can have different morphologies in different diseases and that fibrils produced in vitro not necessarily adopt any of the morphologies found in patients. This means there is a need for more pathologically relevant fibrils in vitro to be able to understand this disease better. One approach to satisfy this need is to use fibrils found in patients as seeds and thus transfer their morphology to recombinantly purified protein. To facilitate this process this study has attempted to develop a way to differentiate between different fibril morphologies using a FRET based system. This involves fluorescent fusion proteins (tau-EXFPs) and fluorescent amyloid probes as well as seeding experiments with pseudo wild type tau (PWT) and tau with the P301L mutation. Greater differences in terms of fibrillation rates and ThT fluorescence between PWT and P301L was shown than previously reported between WT and P301L. They were also shown to differ in fibril morphology in TEM. The ThT fluorescence intensity was to a certain degree transferable from PWT to P301L by seeding. Furthermore, this study confirms that the tau-EXFP fusion protein can be incorporated into amyloid fibrils and strongly suggests that a FRET effect between EXFP and BTD14 (as well as X34 and ThT) can be achieved. It also demonstrates differences in FRET efficiency between PWT and P301L fibrils using FLIM. These results indicate that a FRET based approach could be a useful method to discern different fibril morphologies from each other, but further measurements and optimization are needed before this method could be reliably applied. The fusion proteins could also be used to investigate tau spreading in vivo, e.g. in D. melanogaster. To find suitable FRET partners to the fusion proteins, a ligand screen was conducted. This could be used as an alternative to the FRET method. With the right selection of fluorescent amyloid probes, a unique fingerprint for each fibril morphology could maybe be generated and fulfill the same intended function as the FRET method.
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Modise, Kagiso Eagile. "Media Coverage and the Cross Section of Stock Returns A Probe into the JSE." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31081.

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Through reaching a wide-ranging population of investors, both institutional and individual, mass media coverage of stocks markets can alleviate financial information frictions and consequently affect the valuation of securities even when it does not present genuine news. The empirical objective of this research is to investigate this hypothesis by studying media reporting and changes in average stock returns. By constructing two portfolios of stocks divided into “stocks without media coverage” and “stocks with media coverage” an investigation can be carried to find out which portfolio outperforms the other and sometimes even after accounting for risk factors. Previous literature news media and the stock market has failed to address African financial markets including the Johannesburg stock exchange (JSE) market. The Johannesburg stock exchange is Africa’s oldest and largest stock market. An opportunity exists to replicate empirical work on news media reporting and changes in average returns in South Africa and Johannesburg stock exchange. The methodology employed in this study is adopted from the widespread research previously conducted in other more developed markets. Media coverage has been derived from the number of headline articles about a stock in a certain month in 23 influential South African print newspapers. Only headline articles are used to proxy for a stocks overall media attention. A systematic search of the LexisNexis database is carried out to find articles published in 23 major, influential newspapers in South Africa. The examination period is from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2017 (a total of 7620 firm-month observations). The results indicate no statistically significant (at the 95% confidence level) outperformance of stocks without any news media reporting over stocks with news media reporting as found in more developed markets. Further analysis of data indicates that media reporting of the JSE stocks is surprisingly low and 99% of observations having only 6 headlines or less in the media. Therefore, about 1% of the observations are reported at least 7 times in the South African newspaper media.
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Acton, Sydney. "Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Fluorogenic, BODIPY-based Probes for Specific Protein Labelling in Live Cells." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39033.

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Visualizing proteins in living cells without perturbing biological function remains a key challenge in chemical biology. A chemical approach to this problem is the synthesis of small molecule fluorophores that react specifically with a protein of interest (POI). We have developed a site-specific labelling method based on a Fluorogenic Addition Reaction (FlARe). The FlARe probe’s fluorescence is quenched until it undergoes thiol addition with a small, genetically encoded dicysteine peptide tag fused to the POI. Recent blue coumarin probes were shown to be highly selective for target proteins over other cellular thiols; however, fluorogens that can label in the red and green channels of the fluorescence microscope are more desirable for cellular imaging, as red light is lower in energy and therefore less photo-toxic. In the work presented herein, we use DFT calculations to guide the design of red-shifted, PeT-quenched BODIPY based dimaleimide fluorogens. Driven by the preliminary results of a FlARe probe (YC29) that emitted in the red channel, we attempted to prepare the hit compound through a new synthetic approach to further evaluate kinetics and in cellulo labelling. Given the time available, this compound was unable to be synthesized through an SNAr or Pd-catalyzed approach. Alternatives probes lacking the red-shifting substituent were synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in cellulo. The fluorescent enhancement and reaction kinetics of these probes were evaluated in detail, in order to determine the suitability of their application to cellular labelling. A green-BODIPY fluorogen was synthesized that exhibits suitable kinetics for labelling and a dramatic fluorescent enhancement of ~800-fold upon tagging. This probe was successfully applied to the specific, fluorescent labelling of a nuclear histone protein in cellulo.
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Lunven, Laurent. "Synthèse et évaluation d'aurones sur des modèles de fibres de tau." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV007/document.

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La fibrillation anormale de la protéine tau est un phénomène présent dans de nombreuses maladies neurodégénératives, dont la maladie d’Alzheimer, et conduit à la formation de fibres amyloïdes appelées dégénérescences neurofibrillaires. L’utilisation de molécules organiques capables de marquer ces fibres ou d’inhiber leur formation revêt un intérêt à la fois diagnostic et thérapeutique dans la maladie d’Alzheimer. Une série d’aurones a été synthétisée et leur capacité à interagir et interférer avec le processus de fibrillation a été évaluée in vitro sur des modèles de fibres de tau développés ou optimisés lors de ce projet. Ce travail a permis de montrer que des aurones polyhydroxylées sont capables d’agir comme sonde et/ou comme inhibiteur du processus de fibrillation. Afin d’élargir les applications possibles des aurones, la ligation d’aurones avec des biomolécules ou encore leur radiomarquage a également été évaluée
The fibrillation of the tau protein occurs in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, and leads to the formation of amyloid fibres called neurofibrillary tangles. Using organic molecules able to mark these fibres or inhibit their formation provides an interest both in diagnosis and therapy in Alzheimer’s disease. A series of aurones was synthesized and their ability to interfere with the fibrillation process was evaluated in vitro on models of tau fibres developed in this project. This work shows that polyhydroxylated aurones are able to act both as probes and as inhibitors of the fibrillation process. The ligation of these aurones with biomolecules or their radiolabelling has also been investigated
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陸秀娟 and Sau-kuen Luk. "Li Hua (? - c. 766) and his prose." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31211720.

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Riley, John D. "Evaluation of Travel Time Estimates Derived From Automatic Vehicle Identification Tags in San Antonio, TX." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33746.

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The purpose of this research is to examine several aspects of the San Antonio automated vehicle identification (AVI) system, including the reliability and accuracy of the AVI system, travel tag level of market penetration (LMP) trends, and a comparison of aggregated travel time values with probe vehicle travel time values. This thesis serves as a first step toward the modeling of AVI systems in which the effects of travel tag LMP, AVI reader density and AVI reader location are analyzed.

GPS units were first tested as a suitable benchmark for validating AVI reliability and accuracy. A two-part system reliability study was then performed, consisting of overall system reliability and a controlled evaluation of selected AVI reader sites. The accuracy of AVI travel times was also assessed. A LMP analysis was then performed to serve as a reference parameter for the aggregate travel time study. Lastly, the level of aggregation analysis attempted to quantify differences between the individual test vehicle travel times and aggregated travel times of all observed, tag-equipped vehicles.

Overall system reliability was found to be greater than 90%. The controlled reliability study showed that freeway AVI readers slightly outperformed arterial readers for correct tag capture, while total tag capture exceeded the system design parameter of 80%. Tag capture rates were found to be independent of test vehicle speed. The LMP of travel tags at a selected reader site was found to be approximately 0.5% from the morning through the evening peak. Lastly, 5-minute travel time aggregations provided a better estimate of individual test vehicle travel times than 2-minute or 15-minute aggregations.
Master of Science

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Marcoux-Chabot, Gabriel. "Tas-d’roches suivi de Tas-d’roches : entre prose et poésie : la théorie barfieldienne des modes de conscience appliquée à l’analyse d’un roman complexe." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30491/30491.pdf.

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Par le biais de trois voix narratives distinctes, le roman raconte l’histoire de Tas-d’roches, l’homme fort du village de Saint-Nérée. Entre le pastiche rabelaisien, la poésie innue et le roman de chevalerie, multipliant les jeux de mise en page et de typographie, le récit traite des relations du héros avec sa famille, ses amis, le lieu qu’il habite et la femme de sa vie. Partant du constat que Tas-d’roches est un roman difficile à décrire, l’essai qui l’accompagne montre qu’une théorie méconnue et datée - mais étayée par des publications récentes dans les domaines de la neurologie (McGilclirist, 2009), de la phénoménologie (Bortoft, 2012) et de la linguistique (Guillaume, 2007) - selon laquelle tout texte exprime un degré de tension entre modes poétique et prosaïque de conscience (Barfield, 1928) permet de mettre en relation les aspects diégétiques et formels de Tas-d’roches et d’en offrir une description globalement satisfaisante.
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Books on the topic "Tag Probe"

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Tai. Beograd: Geopoetika izdavaštvo, 2014.

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Romanova, Mila. Tam gde zhivut oblaka. Toronto: Altaspera Publishing & Literary Agency, 2017.

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Shushakova-Gamarnik, Olʹga. Tak skazala Francheska. Telʹ-Aviv: Izdatelʹskiĭ dom Helen Limonova, 2019.

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Prof, Miller Lawrence W., ed. Probes and tags to study biomolecular function: For proteins, RNA, and membranes. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2008.

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Tam, de pivdenʹ. Kharkiv: Treant, 2010.

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Tai wen lu. Taipei?: s.n., 1986.

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Xiao tai yang. Taibei: Mai tian chu ban, 1997.

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Tam, de pivdenʹ: Povisti. Kyïv: Li︠u︡ta sprava, 2017.

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Tang Song wen chun. [Shenyang]: Chun feng wen yi chu ban she, 1995.

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Xu, Lingzhi. Niao sheng ru tao. Xianggang: Chao mei ti chu ban you xian gong si, 2015.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tag Probe"

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Longxi, Zhang. "Literary Prose, Fiction, and Late Tang Poetry." In A History of Chinese Literature, 166–88. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003164173-9.

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Needle, Danielle, and David S. Waugh. "Rescuing Aggregation-Prone Proteins in Escherichia coli with a Dual His6-MBP Tag." In Protein Affinity Tags, 81–94. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1034-2_7.

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Hou, George W. S. "$H^+$ Probes: $b\to s\gamma$ and $B\to\tau\nu$." In Flavor Physics and the TeV Scale, 57–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92792-1_4.

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Kronqvist, Nina, Anna Rising, and Jan Johansson. "A Novel Approach for the Production of Aggregation-Prone Proteins Using the Spidroin-Derived NT* Tag." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 113–30. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1859-2_6.

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Stürzl, Michael, Willy Kurt Roth, Petra Viehweger, and Peter-Hans Hofschneider. "Taq DNA Polymerase-Synthesized Single-Stranded DNA Hybridization Probes and their Application in Northern Blotting and in situ Hybridization." In PCR Topics, 41–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75924-6_6.

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Borselli, Angelo. "Insurance in M&A Transactions." In AIDA Europe Research Series on Insurance Law and Regulation, 199–215. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85817-9_9.

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AbstractMergers and acquisitions (M&A) involve transactional risks, no matter how extensive and accurate the due diligence process is. This raises the question as to how transacting parties can be protected. Representations and warranties and indemnification provisions as well as escrow requirements, typically included in the acquisition agreement, may often prove to be inefficient and inadequate to this end. When negotiating these terms, transacting parties clearly have contrasting interests, and there could also be cases, especially in public company transactions or distressed sales, where the buyer may have no effective remedies against the seller after the closing.To overcome problems associated with seller’s indemnities, transacting parties increasingly avail themselves of some innovative insurance products, generally known under the catch-all name of “transactional insurance,” that provide coverage for risks arising out of extraordinary corporate transactions, including risks related to breaches of representations and warranties, tax liabilities, pending or potential litigation and other contingent liabilities.This chapter explores the role that insurance can play in managing transactional risk, discussing whether it may represent an efficient alternative to more traditional, contractual solutions like indemnity and escrow requirements. The discussion suggests that transactional insurance can serve as an effective risk-transfer tool in M&A, which may act as a supplement or also a substitute for seller indemnity obligations. By spreading transactional risk, insurance can facilitate M&A transactions and enhance the overall social benefit, providing economic security at a fraction of the cost that it would take for transacting parties to protect themselves. No problems of adverse selection or moral hazard peculiar to the M&A context seem to arise and a steadily increasing use of insurance in M&A can be expected.
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Dong, Hao, Jieqi Kang, James Schafer, and Aura Ganz. "Android-Based Visual Tag Detection for Visually Impaired Users." In Ophthalmology, 317–34. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5195-9.ch019.

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In this paper the authors introduce PERCEPT-V indoor navigation for the blind system. PERCEPT-V enhances PERCEPT system by enabling visually impaired users to navigate in open indoor spaces that differ in size and lighting conditions. The authors deploy visual tags in the environment at specific landmarks and introduce a visual tag detection algorithm using a sampling probe and cascading approach. The authors provide guidelines for the visual tag size, which is a function of various environmental, and usage scenarios, which differ in lighting, dimensions of the indoor environment and angle of usage. The authors also developed a Smartphone based user interface for the visually impaired users that uses Android accessibility features.
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Yano, Yoshiaki, Kenichi Kawano, Kaoru Omae, and Katsumi Matsuzaki. "Coiled-Coil Tag–Probe Labeling Methods for Live-Cell Imaging of Membrane Receptors." In Imaging and Spectroscopic Analysis of Living Cells - Optical and Spectroscopic Techniques, 355–70. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-391857-4.00018-5.

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Riolo, Rick L., and Michael D. Cohen. "Tags, Interaction Patterns, and the Evolution of Cooperation." In Perspectives on Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162929.003.0018.

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There are several key ideas that appear in almost all of John Holland's writings on artificial and natural complex adaptive systems: internal models, default hierarchies, genetic (evolutionary) algorithms, and recombination of building blocks. One other mechanism, which is linked to all of those, is tag-based interaction. Perhaps the first use of tag-based interaction (though it was not so named) can be found in Holland's "broadcast system," [26] a formal specification of an architecture suitable for modeling adaptation of open-ended, parallel processes. Tag-based interaction mechanisms next played a key role in classifier systems [30, 32]. In classifier systems, a tag acts as a kind of "address" of one or more classifier rules (productions), enabling rules to send messages to selected sets of rules, and allowing rules to select which messages they will respond to. Thus, tags provide a way to structure computations, making it possible to prove that classifier systems are computationally complete [18], to various neural network architectures [8, 55] and even to abstract models of immune systems [17]. Tags also are used to form coupled chains of classifiers, to construct subroutinelike structures, and to allow Holland's Bucket Brigade algorithm to efficiently allocate credit to "stage setting" rules [9, 30, 50]. Holland has also described how tagged classifiers might be used to form default hierarchies and other more complex internal models [28, 30, 33, 46]. More generally, Holland has emphasized the key role that tag-based interaction mechanisms have in almost all complex adaptive systems (CAS), i.e., systems composed of limited capability agents who interact to generate systemlevel behavior [31]. In the context of CAS, tags are arbitrary properties or traits of agents which are visible to other agents, and which agents can detect and use to condition reactions to other tag-carrying agents. Tags can be agent features, such as surface markings, or they can be agent behaviors, from behavioral routines in animals to more complex behaviors of humans, e.g., wearing particular clothes, carrying flags, or following religious customs [3, 31, 53]. Since agents can have different tags, and since arbitrary tags can come to be associated with particular types of agents (with their own interaction and behavioral patterns), tags can take on "meanings" by virtue of the types of agents who display each particular tag, i.e., as a result of the other behavioral traits those agents tend to have.
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Hermanson, Greg T. "Tags and Probes." In Bioconjugate Techniques, 297–416. Elsevier, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012342335-1/50009-9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Tag Probe"

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Nomura, Wataru, Nami Ohashi, Tetsuo Narumi, and Hirokazu Tamamura. "Tag-Probe System for Imaging of Intracellular Proteins." In The Twenty-Third American and the Sixth International Peptide Symposium. Prompt Scientific Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.17952/23aps.2013.174.

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Tahir, Nazifa, and Graham Brooker. "Millimeter wave band waveguide-to-probe transition for planar harmonic tag antennas." In 2016 International Symposium on Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering (ISFEE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isfee.2016.7803224.

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Zhang, Aihua, Luo Sun, Joy Kovar, Haibiao Gong, D. Michael Oliver, Ivan Correa, Salvatore Russello, Christopher Noren, and Ming Qun Xu. "Abstract 4952: Study of mouse tumor models with an IRDye 800CW SNAP-tag imaging probe." In Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am10-4952.

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Arrivo, S. M., T. P. Dougherty, W. T. Grubbs, and E. J. Heilweil. "New Advances in Measuring Hydrogen Bonding Dynamics." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1996.tha.3.

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We report the only known comprehensive study of conserved vibrational energy transfer during association and dissociation of biologically relevant hydrogen-bonded complexes in dilute (0.1 M acid) room temperature solution. Newly applied picosecond infrared techniques which vibrationally tag and probe interacting proton donating (-OH, -NH) and accepting (e.g., -C = O, ≡ON) constituents will be presented. From these measurements, details of steric interactions, equilibrium reaction rates and unexpected vibrational excitation transfer during hydrogen-bond formation are revealed for the first time.
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Matthews, R. J., I. R. Peake, and A. L. Bloom. "POINT-MUTATION OF FACTOR VIII CODING SEQUENCES IN HAEMOPHILIA A." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644013.

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In order to study the molecular basis of haemophilia A, DNA from 26 haemophilia A patients (8 severe with inhibitors, 13 severe noninhibitors and 5 mild/moderate) was screened by the Southern blotting method with FVIII cDNA probe A (a i.7kb Kpnl cDNA fragment that spans exons 1 to 12) probe B (a 4.7kb EcoRI cDNA fragment that contains exons 14 to 25 and part of exon 26) probe C (a 1.8kb EcoRI cDNA fragment that contains the remainder of exon 26 and probe D (an Apal/EcoRI 783bp cDNA fragment that includes all of exons 22 to 25 and parts of exons 21 and 26). All cDNA probes were kindly provided by Genetics Institutes Inc.No large structural alterations of the FVIII gene were detected in any of the patients. However altered TaqI restriction sites within the coding regions of 3 patients were observed. DNA from patient 1 with severe haemophilia (VIIIAg < 0.1 u/dl, inhibitor negative) when probed with probe C showed a substitution of the normal 2.6kb TaqI and 4.5kb EcoRI fragments with novel 12kb TaqI and 11.5kb EcoRI fragments respectively. In addition he showed the normal 4kb Bglll fragment with probe C. A point mutation or small deletion (50bp is suspected to be present within exon 26.Patient 2 had severe haemophilia and a FVIII inhibitor of 12 units (Bethesda). DNA from patient 2 when probed with probe B revealed a novel 5.0kb TaqI fragment instead of the normal 2.2kb and 2.8kb fragments.The location of the altered Taq I restriction site within the coding region of exon 18 was confirmed with intragenomic probe pi 14.12 that includes exons 17and 18 (kindly provided by Genentech Inc.) A family study with this mutation specific fragment showed the patients sister and mother to be carriers.DNA from Patient 3 (severe haemophilia, factor VIII inhibitor 33 units) when probed independently with probes B and D revealed the absence of the normal 2.4kb and 1.4kb TaqI fragments and the generation of a novel 3.8kb TaqI fragment suggesting an alteration of the TaqI site within the coding region of exon 23.The detection of altered TaqI restriction sites in 3of our patients is further evidence that 'CG' dinucleotide sequences might be relative hot-spots for mutation when occurring within coding sequences of genes.
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Suzuki, N., A. Iizuka, T. Nagao, Y. Nakahori, M. Yamada, and Y. Nakagome. "CARRIER DETECTION OF HEMOPHILIA A BY DNA ANALYSIS IN AFFECTED JAPANESE FAMILIES." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644008.

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Several DNA probes have been isolated to detect Factor VIII gene and a DNA segment which locates veryclose to the gene. They have been successfully used to detect carriers and patients of hemophilia A.We analyzed DNA samples of Japanese population to see whether these probesare also useful for carrier detection of hemophilia A in affected Japanese families, since the size and frequency of allelic fragments detected by a DNA probe are sometimes different in various ethnic groups.A probe of St14 (DXS52) is thought to be one of the best probes for such analysis in Caucasian population because it detects very polymorphic DNA fragments containing a minisatellite. When Taq I digests of Japanese DNA samples were hybridized with Stl4, several DNA fragments with a range from 1.7 kb to 5-5 kb were detected, where .at least 6 fragments were polymorphic. A notable difference between Japanese and Caucasian was that a band of 5-5 kb was variable in Japanese while it was constant in Caucasian. We have so far detected 10 alleles, and about 60% of Japanese women were heterozygous. Using these informationsabout Japanese population, we could detect carriers in several families. Other RFLPs data are necessary to increase information content. Similar studies arein progress using different probes i.e. an extragenic probe ; DX13/Bgl II, and two intragenic probes ; exon 14-26/Bcl I and exon 26/Bgl I. We thank Mandel J.L., Strasbourg, Davies K., Oxford and Genetics Institute, Cambridge for probes.
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Fioravanti, Andrea, Giulio Lenzi, Giovanni Ferrara, and Lorenzo Ferrari. "Development of a Fast Response Aerodynamic Pressure Probe Based on a Waveguide Approach." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-57650.

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Currently fast response aerodynamic probes are widely used for advanced experimental investigations in turbomachinery applications. The most common configuration is a virtual three hole probe. This solution is a good compromise between probe dimension and accuracy. Several authors have attempted to extend the capabilities of these probes in terms of bandwidth and operating conditions. Even though differences exist between the solutions in the literature, all of the designs involve the positioning of a dynamic pressure sensor close to the measurement point. In general terms, the higher the frequency response, the more the sensor is exposed to the flow. This physical constraint puts a limit on the probe applicability since the measurement conditions have to comply with the maximum allowed operating conditions of the sensor. In other applications, when the conditions are particularly harsh and a direct measurement is not possible, a waveguide probe is commonly used to estimate the local pressure. In this device the sensor is connected to the measurement point through a transmitting duct which guarantees that the sensor is operating in a less critical condition. Generally, the measurement is performed through a pressure tap and particular attention must be paid to the probe design in order to have an acceptable frequency response function. In this study, the authors conceived, developed and tested a probe which combines the concept of a fast response aerodynamic pressure probe with that of a waveguide probe. Such a device exploits the benefits of having the sensor far from the harsh conditions while maintaining the capability to perform an accurate flow measurement.
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Antolin, Albert A., Joe E. Tym, Angeliki Komianou, Ian Collins, Paul Workman, and Bissan Al-Lazikani. "Abstract A024: Probe Miner: objective, quantitative, data-driven assessment of chemical probes for target validation." In Abstracts: AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; October 26-30, 2017; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.targ-17-a024.

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Vagenknecht, Patrick, Xose Luis Dean-Ben, Juan Atilio Gerez, Zhenyue Chen, Roger M. Nitsch, Jan Klohs, Daniel Razansky, and Ruiqing Ni. "Non-invasive optoacoustic imaging of tau in P301L mice." In Optical Molecular Probes, Imaging and Drug Delivery. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/omp.2021.otu1e.4.

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Nishino, M., T. Nishimura, H. Naka, S. Mikami, A. Yoshioka, and H. Fukui. "CARRIER DETECTION IN JAPANESE FAMILIES WITH HAEMOPHILIA A USING FACTOR VIII GENE PROBE(F8A) AND ST 14-1 PROBE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644009.

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Recently, the gene structure for human F.VIII protein was clarified, and F.VIII DNA probes have been used for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis ofhaemophilia A. In order to make sure that the phenomena are universal, we have analysed the RFLPs of F.VIII gene in 16 Japanese families with haemophilia A, including a female haemophiliac case, using an intragenic F.VIII DNA probe(F8A) and an extragenic(linked) DNA probe(Stl4-1).The probe F8A revealed two variant bands after digestion by Bel I. Of normal 60 X chromosomes (females) examined, about 85% bore the 879-bp fragment and 15%the 1165-bp fragment. Five of sixteen mothers of hemophiliacs, definite carriers, were found to be heterozygous for Bel I polymorphism. Since the relationship between Bel I alleles and hemophilia gene has been identified in the 5 families in which the mothers were heterozygous, we could diagnose the carrier status of two women whose brothers are hemophiliacs. Onthe other hand, we could identify that one "haemophilic woman" with less than 10% of F.VIII:C was a carrier status when we analysed the Bel I alleles in theother members of the family.The probe DNA(ST 14-1) revealed seven variant bands ranging from 5.5 kb to 3.4 kb after digestion by Taq I. In 6 out of 16 families, the RFLPs of ST 14 locus were informative for carrier detection.From these data, it was concluded that the Bel I polymorphism of F.VIII gene and the Taq I polymorphism of ST 14 locus were informative for carrier detection in 8 out of 16 families with haemophilia A
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Reports on the topic "Tag Probe"

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Seroussi, Eyal, and George Liu. Genome-Wide Association Study of Copy Number Variation and QTL for Economic Traits in Holstein Cattle. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7593397.bard.

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Copy number variation (CNV) has been recently identified in human and other mammalian genomes and increasing awareness that CNV might be a major source for heritable variation in complex traits has emerged. Despite this, little has been published on CNVs in Holsteins. In order to fill this knowledge-gap, we proposed a genome-wide association study between quantitative trait loci (QTL) for economic traits and CNV in the Holstein cattle. The approved feasibility study was aimed at the genome-wide characterization of CNVs in Holstein cattle and at the demonstrating of their possible association with economic traits by performing the activities of preparation of DNA samples, Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH), initial association study between CNVs and production traits and characterization of CNVSNP associations. For both countries, 40 genomic DNA samples of bulls representing the extreme sub-populations for economically important traits were CGH analyzed using the same reference genome on a NimbleGen tiling array. We designed this array based on the latest build of the bovine genome (UMD3) with average probe spacing of 1150 bases (total number of probes was 2,166,672). Two CNV gene clusters, PLA2G2D on BTA2 and KIAA1683 on BTA7 revealed significant association with milk percentage and cow fertility, respectively, and were chosen for further characterization and verification in a larger sample using other methodologies including sequencing, tag SNPs and real time PCR (qPCR). Comparison between these four methods indicated that there is under estimation of the number of CNV loci in Holstein cattle and their complexity. The variation in sequence between different copies seemed to affect their functionality and thus the hybridization based methods were less informative than the methods that are based on sequencing. We thus conclude that large scale sequencing effort complemented by array CGH should be considered to better detect and characterize CNVs in order to effectively employ them in marker-assisted selection.
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Pati, Jogesh C. RADIATIVE PROCESSES (TAU ---> MU GAMMA, MU ---> E GAMMA AND MUON G-2) AS PROBES OF ESSM / SO(10). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/799941.

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Chandra, Shailesh, Mehran Rahmani, Timothy Thai, Vivek Mishra, and Jacqueline Camacho. Evaluating Financing Mechanisms and Economic Benefits to Fund Grade Separation Projects. Mineta Transportation Institute, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1926.

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Investment in transportation infrastructure projects generates benefits, both direct and indirect. While emissions reductions, crash reductions, and travel time savings are prominent direct benefits, there are indirect benefits in the form of real estate enhancements that could pay off debt or loan incurred in the improvement of the infrastructure itself. Studies have shown that improvements associated with rail transportation (such as station upgrades) trigger an increase in the surrounding real estate values, increasing both the opportunity for monetary gains and, ultimately, property tax collections. There is plenty of available guidance that provides blueprints for benefits calculations for operational improvements in rail transportation. However, resources are quite limited in the analysis of benefits that accrue from the separation of railroad at-grade crossings. Understanding the impact of separation in a neighborhood with high employment or population could generate revenues through increased tax collections. In California, the research need is further amplified by a lack of guidance from the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) on at-grade crossing for separation based on revenue generated. There is a critical need to understand whether grade separation projects could impact neighboring real estate values that could potentially be used to fund such separations. With COVID-19, as current infrastructure spending in California is experiencing a reboot, an approach more oriented to benefits and costs for railroad at-grade separation should be explored. Thus, this research uses a robust benefits-to-cost analysis (BCA) to probe the economic impacts of railroad at-grade separation projects. The investigation is carried out across twelve railroad-highway at-grade crossings in California. These crossings are located at Francisquito Ave., Willowbrook/Rosa Parks Station, Sassafras St., Palm St., Civic Center Dr., L St., Spring St. (North), J St., E St., H St., Parkmoor West, and Nursery Ave. The authors found that a majority of the selected at-grade crossings analyzed accrue high benefits-to-cost (BC) ratios from travel time savings, safety improvements, emissions reductions, and potential revenue generated if property taxes are collected and used to fund such separation projects. The analysis shows that with the estimated BC ratios, the railroad crossing at Nursery Ave. in Fremont, Palm St. in San Diego, and H St. in Chula Vista could be ideal candidates for separation. The methodology presented in this research could serve as a handy reference for decision-makers selecting one or more at-grade crossings for the separation considering economic outputs and costs.
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Epel, Bernard L., Roger N. Beachy, A. Katz, G. Kotlinzky, M. Erlanger, A. Yahalom, M. Erlanger, and J. Szecsi. Isolation and Characterization of Plasmodesmata Components by Association with Tobacco Mosaic Virus Movement Proteins Fused with the Green Fluorescent Protein from Aequorea victoria. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573996.bard.

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The coordination and regulation of growth and development in multicellular organisms is dependent, in part, on the controlled short and long-distance transport of signaling molecule: In plants, symplastic communication is provided by trans-wall co-axial membranous tunnels termed plasmodesmata (Pd). Plant viruses spread cell-to-cell by altering Pd. This movement scenario necessitates a targeting mechanism that delivers the virus to a Pd and a transport mechanism to move the virion or viral nucleic acid through the Pd channel. The identity of host proteins with which MP interacts, the mechanism of the targeting of the MP to the Pd and biochemical information on how Pd are alter are questions which have been dealt with during this BARD project. The research objectives of the two labs were to continue their biochemical, cellular and molecular studies of Pd composition and function by employing infectious modified clones of TMV in which MP is fused with GFP. We examined Pd composition, and studied the intra- and intercellular targeting mechanism of MP during the infection cycle. Most of the goals we set for ourselves were met. The Israeli PI and collaborators (Oparka et al., 1999) demonstrated that Pd permeability is under developmental control, that Pd in sink tissues indiscriminately traffic proteins of sizes of up to 50 kDa and that during the sink to source transition there is a substantial decrease in Pd permeability. It was shown that companion cells in source phloem tissue export proteins which traffic in phloem and which unload in sink tissue and move cell to cell. The TAU group employing MP:GFP as a fluorescence probe for optimized the procedure for Pd isolation. At least two proteins kinases found to be associated with Pd isolated from source leaves of N. benthamiana, one being a calcium dependent protein kinase. A number of proteins were microsequenced and identified. Polyclonal antibodies were generated against proteins in a purified Pd fraction. A T-7 phage display library was created and used to "biopan" for Pd genes using these antibodies. Selected isolates are being sequenced. The TAU group also examined whether the subcellular targeting of MP:GFP was dependent on processes that occurred only in the presence of the virus or whether targeting was a property indigenous to MP. Mutant non-functional movement proteins were also employed to study partial reactions. Subcellular targeting and movement were shown to be properties indigenous to MP and that these processes do not require other viral elements. The data also suggest post-translational modification of MP is required before the MP can move cell to cell. The USA group monitored the development of the infection and local movement of TMV in N. benthamiana, using viral constructs expressing GFP either fused to the MP of TMV or expressing GFP as a free protein. The fusion protein and/or the free GFP were expressed from either the movement protein subgenomic promoter or from the subgenomic promoter of the coat protein. Observations supported the hypothesis that expression from the cp sgp is regulated differently than expression from the mp sgp (Szecsi et al., 1999). Using immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy, it was determined that paired wall-appressed bodies behind the leading edge of the fluorescent ring induced by TMV-(mp)-MP:GFP contain MP:GFP and the viral replicase. These data suggest that viral spread may be a consequence of the replication process. Observation point out that expression of proteins from the mp sgp is temporary regulated, and degradation of the proteins occurs rapidly or more slowly, depending on protein stability. It is suggested that the MP contains an external degradation signal that contributes to rapid degradation of the protein even if expressed from the constitutive cp sgp. Experiments conducted to determine whether the degradation of GFP and MP:GFP was regulated at the protein or RNA level, indicated that regulation was at the protein level. RNA accumulation in infected protoplast was not always in correlation with protein accumulation, indicating that other mechanisms together with RNA production determine the final intensity and stability of the fluorescent proteins.
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Shpigel, Nahum, Raul Barletta, Ilan Rosenshine, and Marcelo Chaffer. Identification and characterization of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis virulence genes expressed in vivo by negative selection. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7696510.bard.

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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiological agent of a severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in ruminants, known as Johne’s disease or paratuberculosis. Johne’s disease is considered to be one of the most serious diseases affecting dairy cattle both in Israel and worldwide. Heavy economic losses are incurred by dairy farmers due to the severe effect of subclinical infection on milk production, fertility, lower disease resistance and early culling. Its influence in the United States alone is staggering, causing an estimated loss of $1.5 billion to the agriculture industry every year. Isolation of MAP from intestinal tissue and blood of Crohn's patients has lead to concern that it plays a potential pathogenic role in promoting human IDB including Crohn’s disease. There is great concern following the identification of the organism in animal products and shedding of the organism to the environment by subclinically infected animals. Little is known about the molecular basis for MAP virulence. The goal of the original proposed research was to identify MAP genes that are required for the critical stage of initial infection and colonization of ruminants’ intestine by MAP. We proposed to develop and use signature tag mutagenesis (STM) screen to find MAP genes that are specifically required for survival in ruminants upon experimental infection. This research projected was approved as one-year feasibility study to prove the ability of the research team to establish the animal model for mutant screening and alternative in-vitro cell systems. In Israel, neonatal goat kids were repeatedly inoculated with either one of the following organisms; MAP K-10 strain and three transposon mutants of K-10 which were produced and screened by the US PI. Six months after the commencement of inoculation we have necropsied the goats and taken multiple tissue samples from the jejunum, ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes. Both PCR and histopathology analysis indicated on efficient MAP colonization of all the inoculated animals. We have established several systems in the Israeli PI’s laboratory; these include using IS900 PCR for the identification of MAP and using HSP65-based PCR for the differentiation between MAV and MAP. We used Southern blot analysis for the differentiation among transposon mutants of K-10. In addition the Israeli PI has set up a panel of in-vitro screening systems for MAP mutants. These include assays to test adhesion, phagocytosis and survival of MAP to/within macrophages, assays that determine the rate of MAPinduced apoptosis of macrophages and MAP-induced NO production by macrophages, and assays testing the interference with T cell ã Interferon production and T cell proliferation by MAP infected macrophages (macrophage studies were done in BoMac and RAW cell lines, mouse peritoneal macrophages and bovine peripheral blood monocytes derived macrophages, respectively). All partners involved in this project feel that we are currently on track with this novel, highly challenging and ambitious research project. We have managed to establish the above described research systems that will clearly enable us to achieve the original proposed scientific objectives. We have proven ourselves as excellent collaborative groups with very high levels of complementary expertise. The Israeli groups were very fortunate to work with the US group and in a very short time period to master numerous techniques in the field of Mycobacterium research. The Israeli group has proven its ability to run this complicated animal model. This research, if continued, may elucidate new and basic aspects related to the pathogenesis MAP. In addition the work may identify new targets for vaccine and drug development. Considering the possibility that MAP might be a cause of human Crohn’s disease, better understanding of virulence mechanisms of this organism might also be of public health interest as well.
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EGR Cooler Fouling Reduction: A New Method for Assessment in Early Engine Development Phase. SAE International, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/022-01-0589.

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High pressure EGR provides NOx emission reduction even at low exhaust temperatures. To maintain a safe EGR system operation over a required lifetime, the EGR cooler fouling must not exceed an allowable level, even if the engine is operated under worst-case conditions. A reliable fouling simulation model represents a valuable tool in the engine development process, which validates operating and calibration strategies regarding fouling tendency, helping to avoid fouling issues in a late development phase close to series production. Long-chained hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas essentially impact the fouling layer formation. Therefore, a simulation model requires reliable input data especially regarding mass flow of long-chained hydrocarbons transported into the cooler. There is a huge number of different hydrocarbon species in the exhaust gas, but their individual concentration typically is very low, close to the detection limit of standard in-situ measurement equipment like GC-MS. Therefore, a new measurement and analysis approach has been developed, where the exhaust gas is guided to a metal foam collector, in which HC`s are deposited. The probe is then analyzed in a suited thermogravimetrical system (TGA) in nitrogen atmosphere, temperature range 25°C to 650°C. Analyzing the TGA curve, HC concentration data for 6 different boiling temperature ranges are obtained, provided to an adapted 1-d fouling simulation model. Using these data along with further input parameters like cooler geometry, gas temperature, pressure, flow, particle size distribution and coolant temperature, the simulation model has proven as a suitable tool to predict the fouling and identify engine settings for fouling reduction.
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Counseling the husbands of postabortion patients in Egypt: Effects on husband involvement, patient recovery and contraceptive use. Population Council, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1997.1017.

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An ANE OR/TA Project qualitative study conducted in 1995 probed into women’s perceptions of abortion in Egypt, and the stress that postabortion patients experience during recovery. That study drew attention to the important role husbands can play in their wives’ recovery and subsequent use of contraception. This study was designed to test the effects of involving husbands in the postabortion medical-care process. Overall, the study indicates that providing counseling to husbands of postabortion patients is feasible, as the majority of husbands either accompanied their wife on admission or at discharge from the hospital. However, administrative changes are needed to enhance the effects of counseling and encourage greater husband involvement. Family planning services should be offered on the postabortion ward. Moreover, the physical setup at the ob/gyn ward may need to be changed to allow for the presence of husbands without causing inconvenience to other women. As this report states, counseling of husbands is acceptable to both postabortion patients and their husbands. With due consideration to procedures that ensure the patient’s right to privacy, counseling husbands of postabortion patients should be considered as an element of other postabortion-care services.
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