Academic literature on the topic 'Taddeo Dini'

Perkawinan dini bukan hal tabu dilakukan di Madura. Banyak pasangan menikah diusia muda. Dalam Undang-undang perkawinan No. 16 Tahun 2019 bahwa perkawinan bisa terlaksanan jika mempelai sudah berusia 19 tahun. Namun mereka cenderung menambahkan usia dalam identitas perkawinan tanpa memohon dispensasi nikah. Ini dilakukan untuk menghilangkan rasa maloh atau tade’ ajhinah di masyarakat yang disebabkan Marriage by Accident dan mendapatkan legalisasi hukum. Dari permasalahan tersebut akan dianalisa bagaimana fenomena data forgery dalam pernikahan dini perspektif Fungsionalisme Struktural? Penelitian ini mengguakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kasus, perolehan data menggunakan metode interview, observasi dan documentasi. Hasil penelitian; 1). Perkawinan dini dilaksanakan oleh pasangan “sebelum usia 19 tahun “. Dengan cara menambahkan usia di identitas perkawinanya sebab Marriage by Accident, karena menjadi beban keluarga yang dapat menimbulkan rasa maloh atau tade’ ajhinah. 2). Fungsionalisme struktural data forgery dalam perkawinan dini; Adaptation; proses habituasi para aktor dengan sistem sosial di masyarakat adalah dengan cara memalsukan usia perkawinan. Goal Attainment; hal ini demi mendapatkan legalisasi hukum perkawinan dan meningkatkan harkat martabat keluarga menjadi lebih baik. Integration; tidak selarasnya fungsi sistem sosial dan struktur lembaga di KUA. Latency; Masyarakat harus memelihara pola-pola tradisi sebaik mungkin, seperti penghormatan dan kepatuhan terhadap harga diri keluarga maupun orang lain Early marriage has accustomed in Madura. In act 16 in 2019 explained that marriage can be implemented if both of bride have 19 years old. Whereas, they add the age in their marriage certificate without asking marriage dispensation to religious court. This carried out to diminish malo and tade’ ajhinah in social environment caused of Marriage by Accident and get legal marriage. From the problem above will describe how is the Early marriage happened in Madura in Structural Functionalism perspective?. This research using qualitative approache and case study. The data collected by using interview, observation, documentation. The result; 1). The early marriage performed by young couple “under 19 years old “by adding the age in marriage certificate because of pregnant, it becomes moral burden which cause shamed and tade’ ajhinah. 2). structural functionalism of Early marriage, Adaptation; adaptation process of the actor to the social system i.e. married by adding the age. Goal-Attainment; This marriage aims to get registered marriage and to improve the family dignity. Integration; disintegration between social system and organizational structure. Latency; Madurese must maintain and sustain well-regarded cultural patterns such as their obedience and the reverence both of their own dignity and others

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implikasi pola asuh orangtua terhadap kecerdasan emosional anak usia dini. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitiatif deskriptif dengan Teknik pengumpulan data wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah orang tua TK PGRI 1 Taddan Camplong Kabupaten Sampang, anak usia dini, kepala sekolah serta Guru TK. Teknik analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, display data, serta verifikasi data. Sedangkan teknik pengecekan datanya melalui perpanjangan keikutsertaan, ketekunan pengamatan, triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa orangtua berperan penting dalam mendidik atau mengasuh anak. Pola asuh yang diterapkan orangtua terhadap anaknya di TK ini adalah: demokratis, orang tua yang berambisi, orang tua yang membandingkan anaknya dengan anak lain, dan orang tua yang otoriter. Implikasi pola asuh orangtua terhadap kecerdasan emosional anak usia dini, meliputi: Cenderung tidak ramah dan pemalu, kurang pengendalian diri terhadap emosionalnya, kurang empati, sulit beradaptasi dengan orang lain, kurang percaya diri, dan penakut.

Risiko menggunakan gadget pada anak usia dini tergantung pada bagaimana orang tua mengawasi dan dan membatasi, serta mengarahkan mereka. Orang tua memerlukan pola pengasuhan yang baik dalam menemani anak-anak untuk menggunakan Gadget agar sesuai dengan fungsinya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pola asuh yang di terapkan oleh masing – masing orang tua dalam membatasi penggunaan gadget bagi anak usia dini .Data diperoleh melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam dalam sampel orang tua di Desa taddan yang sudah terpilih. Teknik analisis data dengan cara kualitatif deskriptif.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam membatasi penggunaan gadget tidak tergantung dari bagaimana tingkat pendidikan dan keadaan status ekomoni orang tua.terdapat beberapa pola asuh yang diterapkan yaitu pola asuh permisif, otoriter dan demokratis. Dalam penelitian ini jenis pola asuh yang banyak di terapkan oleh para orang tua baik dari pendidikan rendah ekonomi rendah, orang tua dengan pendidikan tinggi ekonomi rendah, orang tua dengan ekonomi tinggi pendidikan rendah dan orang tua dengan ekonomi tinggi pendidikan tinggi. Yakni pola asuh yang Permisif

Muhammed Ibn ‘Aqîla al-Makkî is a versatile and prolific scholar who has come to the fore in many Islamic disciplines including tafsir, hadis, Islamic history, fiqh and mysticism. In each of the mentioned disciplines, he has a remarkable books and epistles that reveal his scientific accumulation and cultural diversity. Ibn ‘Aqîla’s az-Ziyada al-ihsân fî ‘ulûm al-Qur’ân work entitled is written in the field of Qur’anic sciences and is the most comprehensive work that has reached to the contemporary period. It is seen that he prepares this voluminous book by making a new classification and adding new subjects to the works written before him in the field of Qur’anic sciences. This work consists of one hundred and fifty-four chapters and incorporates almost every subject related to the Qur’an, including the history of the Qur’an, usûl al-tafsir and history of tafsir. One of these subjects is the issue of the belonging of Qur’ânic words. In this issue, Ibn ‘Aqîla agrees with the dominant and preferred point of view in the classical period of Islamic thought. According to this view, Qur’ân belongs to God in terms of wor-ding and meaning. It is explicit that the concurrence/agreement of companions to revelation (al-muwafaqat al-sahâba) gives the impression of a contradiction to the mentioned view at first glance. Ibn ‘Aqîla is also aware that there is a contradiction between this dominant view and the reality of al-muwafaqat al-sahâba. In order to solve this contradictory side, he makes an evaluation about the source of two different texts. It can be said that he tries to deduce the belonging of Qur’ânic words to God by alleging the source of the two diverse texts is the same.

Abstract Background and Aims Pope Gregory I (Magnus)―born c.540 AD, Pope 580-604 AD―in a letter to Bishop Venanzio ofLuni (later venerated as a saint) wrote “I have been confined to bed for the last eleven months, because of pain and malaise and suffer because of goutand my life has been turned into a penitence for my sins thus I am waiting death as a physician who will give me health”. He was the first Pope to suffer of gout and opens a list including in the years 20 pontiffs that includes Sisinnius, (b.650, pope 21 day in 708); Boniface VI (b. 806, Pope 15 days in 886), Honorius IV (b.1210, Pope 1285-1287); Boniface VIII (b. 1230, Pope 1294-1303); Clement VI (b.1281,Pope 1342-1352), Nicholas V (b.1387, Pope 1447-1455); Pius II( b. 1405, Pope 1458-1464); Sixtus IV (b. 1414, Pope 1471-1474); Pius III (b.1440, Pope 26 days in 1503); Pius IV (b. 1499, Pope 1559-1565); Julius II (b. 1443, Pope 1503-1516); Julius III (b.1481, Pope 1550-1555); Clement VIII (b. 1536, Pope 1592- 1605); Clement X (b.1581, Pope 1670-1676); Innocent XI (b.1681, Pope 1676-1689); Innocent XII (b.1649, Pope 1676-2692); Innocent XIII (b.1655, Pope 1721-1724); Benedict XIV (b. 1765, Pope 1740-1758), and Pius VIII (b.1761, Pope 1829-1830). Their mean age at death was 69.4 years, the youngest being Sisinnius (59 years), the oldest being Clement X (96 years). Results Some popes were strong eaters like Boniface VIII. He was chronically affected by gout and renal stone disease and by the fear for death, and the search for therapies capable to prolong life. Cosmacini says “podagroso e gottoso”… the Pope is affected by arthritis and renal disease due to overalimentation very rich (straricca) in meat”. He enrolled various archiaters among them Taddeo Alderotti (1223-1295), Pietro da Abano (1257-1315), Anselmo da Bergamo (artisphysicae professor), Simone of Genova (author of Clavissanationis), Accursino from Pistoia, Manzia from Fabriano, Gugliemo da Brescia, Angelo da Camerino and Campano da Novara (Magister Campanus), the naturalist he too affected by renal stone disease. Julius III too was a strong eater (he loved fatty foods seasoned with garlic) as was Pius IV, the hard worker who everyday used to take a nap after lunch and a long walk later in the day. By contrast Nicholas V (his Pontiff saw in 1453 the Fall of Costantinople and the end of the Hundred Years War) was a sober eater and drinker as were Pius II who made use of simple common foods, little wine and slept up to 5-6 hours. Probably Nicholas V died uremic since his pale natural color switched into yellowish-brown (itaque ex naturali et subcandido in croceumsubcinericiumque color suusconversusest). Pius III “was a sober eater and drinker and used to dine every two days. Some of the above popes were patrons of universities (Boniface VIII, Nicholas V, Pius II), some were patrons of arts and science (Nicholas V, Sixtus IV). Boniface VIII is remembered for the Bulla detestandeferitatis (against dismemberment and evisceration of cadavers), issued on September 27, 1299). For thatBulla, during the subsequent centuries he was wrongly accused even by Herman Boerhaave and Albrecht von Haller to have retarded the advancement of medicine by impeding anatomical dissections. By contrast Sixtus IV is remembered not only for modernizing Rome and embelling it, but for the 1482 Breve to the University of Tubingen allowing―for teaching purposes ―dissection of dead bodies of people sentenced to death.

Cette étude tente de comprendre comment le Canon, encyclopédie rédigée par Avicenne au début du XIe siècle et traduite en latin à la fin du XIIe, est devenu pour plusieurs siècles le manuel de base de l'enseignement de la médecine en Italie. Après des débuts hésitants, le livre d'Ibn Sīnā a peu à peu imprimé sa marque sur les programmes des facultés naissantes, imposant ses choix intellectuels et son orientation philosophique. De fait, la patiente intégration de l'oeuvre, réalisée dans un milieu scientifique italien caractérisé par une véritable compétition entre les maîtres et les universités, commence avec la figure de Taddeo Alderotti (m. 1295), premier commmentateur du Canon, et culmine avec le travail de Gentile da Foligno (m. 1348), qui expose presque l'intégralité de l'ouvrage. L'analyse des textes conservés et des structures d'enseignement de la médecine permet de mettre en lumière le rôle fondamental de la pédagogie dans ce processus, mais aussi l'importance de la diffusion des commentaires sous forme manuscrite ou imprimée, expliquant la longévité de cet ouvrage qui, plus qu'ailleurs en Europe, supplante les autres autorités grecques ou arabes. Enfin, l'étude de plusieurs thèmes majeurs démontre comment le Canon a pu durablement influencer la conception médiévale de la médecine. D'un point de vue épistémologique, il a eu pour effet de valoriser l'autonomie de la science et le recours à l'expérience. D'un point de vue plus pratique, ses partis pris et ses innovations ont favorisé la naissance d'idées et de débats nouveaux dans la discipline, annonçant souvent les évolutions de la fin du Moyen Age et du début de l'époque moderne
This study attempts to understand how the Canon, an encyclopedia written by Avicenna in the early eleventh century and translated into latin in the late twelfth century, became for several centuries the conrnerstone manual of medical teaching in Italy. After a slow start, the book by Ibn Sīnā gradually made its mark on the academic programs of the fledging universities, asserting its intellectual preferences and its philosophical views. Indeed, the slow but steady integration of the book into the curriculum , happening in an italian scientific community characterized by the competition between masters and universities, starts with Taddeo Alderotti (d. 1295), first commentator of the Canon, to reach its peak with the work of Gentile da Foligno (d. 1348), who examined almost the entire work. The analysis of remaining texts as well as of medical teaching institutions sheds light on the crucial role of pedagogy in this process, but also on the importance of the circulation of commentaries under manuscript or printed form, thus explaining the longevity of this work, which, more so than in other parts of Europe, superseded greek and arabic authorities. Finally, the study of several major themes shows how the Canon was able to influence for the long run the medieval conception of medicine. From an epistemological point of view, the perspectives and innovations it contained helped spring the birth of ideas and new debates in the discipline, often forecasting shifts of the late Middles Ages and the early modern era

[ITA] La presente ricerca analizza il linguaggio economico che si diffonde in Italia con l’Osservanza francescana, attraverso la predicazione di Bernardino da Siena e l’articolazione successiva di Giacomo della Marca e Matteo d’Agrigento. Lo studio mette in evidenza l’influenza che il linguaggio economico esercita sulla società, rivolgendo l’attenzione a due incisive esperienze omiletiche nella Firenze del Trecento: i sermoni di Taddeo Dini negli anni della Peste e la controversa attività della dissidenza francescana durante il Tumulto. Nei diversi contesti affrontati, il discorso e la pratica commerciale si mostrano saldamente legati. La ricerca si compone di cinque capitoli dedicati alle fasi dello sviluppo del linguaggio economico, considerato come dimensione che codifica le relazioni che intercorrono nella città. Il primo capitolo è rivolto alla predicazione inedita di Taddeo Dini durante la crisi di metà Trecento. Le sue parole permettono di ricostruire le tensioni che attraversano la società e il mondo produttivo, dove i salariati in particolare vedono mutare i rapporti di lavoro che li coinvolgono, con nuove forme contrattuali per la manodopera a bassa specializzazione. La loro presenza nel discorso economico è parte della riformulazione dei rapporti all’interno della cittadinanza. Nel secondo capitolo l’indagine è orientata alla circolazione delle dottrine dissidenti e al loro legame con l’ambiente sociale da cui prende le mosse il Tumulto del 1378. Documenti e cronache, testi profetici e volgarizzamenti offrono un quadro che arricchisce le più note ricostruzioni storiografiche. Nel terzo capitolo viene percorsa l’evoluzione della trattazione economica di Bernardino da Siena attraverso i sermoni, le prediche inedite e gli appunti conservati nei codici di lavoro. Il linguaggio economico risulta essere una struttura versatile i cui elementi caratteristici si adattano all’uditorio e alle esigenze del contesto, come tasselli che diventano risorsa per l’attività performativa. Sono qui prese in esame le figurazioni tratte dall’Apocalisse e le metafore animali che offrono struttura ed orizzonte alle argomentazioni economiche. Il quarto capitolo si rivolge alla tecnica predicatoria e alle specifiche argomentazioni impiegate, con l’intervento originale di Bernardino nella modifica di strutture di consolidata tradizione. È il caso delle condizioni per l’esercizio del commercio, che vagliano le attività alla luce del beneficio che ricade sulla cittadinanza. Una puntuale analisi viene riservata alla posizione sociale dei rigattieri, tra riprese teologiche e nuovi contesti civici. Nel quinto capitolo si analizza lo sviluppo del linguaggio economico attraverso la predicazione di Matteo d’Agrigento e Giacomo della Marca. I codici di lavoro offrono una panoramica degli interventi del predicatore sul modello, la cautela nell’impostare una nuova struttura, il lavoro sulle glosse, le nuove inserzioni a carattere giuridico e i momenti di più decisa originalità. A conclusione del lavoro è posta un’appendice testuale dedicata alle figurazioni animali negli schemi di lavoro inediti di Bernardino. La ricerca, che si pone all’incrocio della storia economica, della storia religiosa e degli studi sulla predicazione, è attraversata dall’attenzione per il linguaggio economico e lo svolgersi della pratica commerciale e produttiva, dei quali si evidenzia la comune dimensione d’esistenza. ----- [FR] La recherche porte sur l’analyse du langage économique qui se répand dans l’Italie du XVe siècle par l’Observance franciscaine, à la suite de la prédication de Bernardin de Sienne et de l'articulation ultérieure de Jacques de la Marche et Matteo d’Agrigente. L’étude met en évidence l’influence que le langage économique déploie sur la société, en dirigeant son attention sur deux expériences homilétiques marquantes dans la Florence du XIVe siècle : les sermons de Taddeo Dini au temps de la Peste et l’action controversée de la dissidence franciscaine pendant la Révolte des Ciompi. Dans ces contextes différents, discours et pratique commerciale sont étroitement liés. L’ouvrage se compose de cinq chapitres dédiés au développement des langages économiques, considérés comme une dimension qui donne forme aux relations dans la ville. Le premier chapitre examine les sermons du frère dominicain Taddeo Dini pendant la crise du milieu du XIVe siècle. Ses mots donnent voix aux tensions de la société et de la réalité productive, où les salariés assistent à l’évolution de leurs conditions de travail, notamment avec les nouvelles formes contractuelles d’emploi peu qualifié. Leur participation au discours économique s’inscrit dans une reformulation plus large des relations au sein de la communauté. Dans le deuxième chapitre, l’attention se porte sur la circulation des doctrines dissidentes et au lien supposé avec le milieu social propre à la Révolte du 1378. Documents et chroniques, textes prophétiques et vulgarisations, offrent une image que vient enrichir les reconstitutions historiographiques les plus célèbres. Le troisième chapitre prend en compte l’évolution des passages économiques des sermons de Bernardino de Sienne, les reportationes et les notes conservées dans ses manuscrits. Le langage économique s’avère être une structure versatile dont les éléments peuvent être adaptés au public et au contexte, comme des pièces qui deviennent une ressource pour l’activité performative. Ici, les métaphores liées au monde animal et les figures de l’Apocalypse offrent consistance et horizon aux arguments. Le quatrième chapitre examine la technique de prédication de Bernardino et son choix de l’argumentation économique, attirant l’attention sur la révision des modèles traditionnels. L’exposé des conditions de légitimité devient l’occasion pour le frère d’évaluer les activités commerciales en relation avec leur bénéfice sur la communauté. Une analyse détaillée est ensuite réservée aux marchands d’occasion et à leur position sociale, considérant les sources théologiques et les nouveaux contextes civiques. Le cinquième chapitre analyse le développement du langage économique dans la prédication de Matteo d’Agrigente et de Jacques de la Marche. Les manuscrits de travail offrent un aperçu des interventions du prédicateur sur le modèle, la prudence dans la mise en place d’une nouvelle structure, l’écriture des gloses, la compilation des références juridiques et les moments d’originalité plus décisive. A la conclusion de la thèse, une annexe est consacrée aux figures animales présentées dans les schémas inédits de Bernardino. La recherche, au carrefour de l’histoire économique, de l’histoire religieuse et des études sur la prédication, est centrée sur le langage économique et le développement des pratiques marchandes, dont la dimension commune d’existence est mise en évidence. ----- [EN] This research examines the economic language of the Franciscan Observance in the fifteenth century, which spread in Italy through the sermons of Bernardino of Siena and the subsequent works of James of the Marches and Matteo of Agrigento. Considering the bond between economic language and society over time, the attention is focused on two main preaching experiences in fourteenth-century Florence: Taddeo Dini’s homiletic speeches and the controversial influence of the Franciscan dissidence during the Ciompi Revolt. In these contexts, discourse and commercial practice are strongly related. The study consists of five chapters dedicated to the phases of the development of economic language, seen as a dimension that codifies the relationships in the city. The first chapter considers the sermons of the Dominican friar Taddeo Dini shortly after the outbreak of the plague. His words shed light on the tensions in the society and the productive reality in which wage earners witnessed changes in their working conditions, particularly with new contractual forms of low-skilled employment. Their participation in the economic discourse was part of a broader reformulation of the relations within the community. In the second chapter, the attention moves to the circulation of dissident doctrines and their supposed connection with the social environment in which the Revolt of 1378 began. Documents, chronicles, prophetic texts, and vulgarizations offer a picture that enriches the most famous historiographical reconstructions. The third chapter examines the evolution of the economic passages in Bernardino of Siena’s sermons, the reportationes, and his notes preserved in working manuscripts. The economic language appears as a versatile structure whose elements could be adapted to the audience and to the context – as pieces that become a resource for the performative activity. Here, metaphors related to the animal world and figures from the Apocalypse offered consistency and horizon to the arguments. The fourth chapter considers Bernardino’s preaching technique and his choice of economic passages, calling attention to the revision of traditional models. Exposing the conditions of trading becomes the occasion for the friar to evaluate the commercial activities in relation to the benefits that go to the community. A detailed analysis is then offered of the second-hand dealers and their social position, considering both theological sources and new civic contexts. The fifth chapter analyzes the development of economic language through the preaching of Matteo of Agrigento and James of the Marches. The personal manuscripts offer an overview of the preachers’ interventions in the model, their caution in setting up a new structure, their work on glosses, the compilation of juridical references, and moments of more decisive originality. At the end of the work, there is a textual appendix dedicated to the animal figurations in Bernardino’s unpublished manuscript notes. The research, at the crossroads of economics, preaching, and religious history, is focused on economic language and the development of commercial practices, whose common environment of existence is highlighted.