Journal articles on the topic 'Taboo subject'
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Tannenwald, Nina. "A taboo subject." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 62, no. 3 (May 1, 2006): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2968/062003018.
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Tannenwald, Nina. "A taboo subject." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 62, no. 3 (May 2006): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00963402.2006.11460991.
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Levine, Michael G. "The Subject is Taboo." MLN 101, no. 5 (December 1986): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2905707.
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Feix, Aurélien, and Déborah Philippe. "Unpacking the Narrative Decontestation of CSR: Aspiration for Change or Defense of the Status Quo?" Business & Society 59, no. 1 (December 3, 2018): 129–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0007650318816434.
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Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has repeatedly been described as an “essentially contested concept,” which means that its signification is subject to continuous struggle. We argue that the “CSR institution” (CSRI; i.e., the set of standards and rules regulating corporate conduct under the banner of CSR) is legitimized by narratives which “decontest” the underlying concept of CSR in a manner that safeguards the CSRI from calls for alternative institutional arrangements. Examining several such narratives from a structuralist perspective, we find them to be permeated with six recurrent ambiguities that we show to be reflective of three deep-set taboos: the taboo of the noncongruency between corporate profit objectives and societal needs, the taboo of multinational firms’ continued contribution to the emergence of global socioenvironmental issues, and the taboo of the CSRI’s moderate results in solving these problems. We contend that the perpetuation of these taboos contributes to inhibiting substantial change in the way of doing business, and we sketch out possibilities for initiating a “recontestation” of CSR’s meaning.
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Asi, Lilian Nkengla, Deli Tize Teri, and V. Benno Meyer-Rochow. "Influence of food taboos on nutritional patterns in rural communities in Cameroon." International Review of Social Research 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/irsr-2018-0013.
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Abstract Food taboos are observed in all traditional societies. In Cameroon, various taboos ranging from food to religious and social have significant impact on the diet of the people. Specific food items are regarded differently by different communities. While in certain communities, some food items are seen as fit for consumption, others deem it unfit. Although food taboos related to culture are more subject to change due to the level of literacy that prevails in the society and due to cultural contacts, violators of taboos suffer grievous consequences. Methods used included key informant interviews, focus group discussions and observations in all studied communities. The objective of the study is to understand how culture (food taboos) influences consumption patterns in traditional communities and the impact of disobedience on the people. This study of Cameroon food taboos has showed that dietary rules and regulations govern particular phases of life and is associated with special events like pregnancy, childbirth, lactation etc. In traditional societies, festivities such as hunting, wedding, and funeral are marked by specific food items. Punishments to violation of food taboos vary across food items and communities as what are considered a taboo in one community is not a taboo in another. Food taboo in some communities is considered as a way to maintain identity creating a sense of belonging.
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Asi, Lilian Nkengla, and Deli Tize Teri. "Influence of food taboos on nutritional patterns in rural communities in Cameroon." International Review of Social Research 6, no. 1 (May 1, 2016): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/irsr-2016-0005.
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AbstractFood taboos are observed in all traditional societies. In Cameroon, various taboos ranging from food to religious and social have significant impact on the diet of the people. Specific food items are regarded differently by different communities. While in certain communities, some food items are seen as fit for consumption, others deem it unfit. Although food taboos related to culture are more subject to change due to the level of literacy that prevails in the society and due to cultural contacts, violators of taboos suffer grievous consequences. Methods used included key informant interviews, focus group discussions and observations in all studied communities. The objective of the study is to understand how culture (food taboos) influences consumption patterns in traditional communities and the impact of disobedience on the people. This study of Cameroon food taboos has showed that dietary rules and regulations govern particular phases of life and is associated with special events like pregnancy, childbirth, lactation etc. In traditional societies, festivities such as hunting, wedding, and funeral are marked by specific food items. Punishments to violation of food taboos vary across food items and communities as what are considered a taboo in one community is not a taboo in another. Food taboo in some communities is considered as a way to maintain identity creating a sense of belonging.
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Ulfa, Maria, Mulyadi Mulyadi, Mhd Pujiono, and Khairina Nasution. "MALE AND FEMALE PERCEPTION OF TABOO IN ACEH LANGUAGE." JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE 4, no. 1 (May 29, 2022): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/jol.v4i1.5181.
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This research is to obtain male and female perspectives on taboo language. This study used qualitative research with a phenomenology approach. There are fourteen subjects in this research that consist of seven males and seven females, the age of the subject is categorized into a start from early adulthood to middle adulthood. The researchers used observation and gave questionnaires to find the data. The result of this research showed that; 1) males and females ever use taboo language, but a male dominantly used taboo language, about 57%, compared to females 14% in using taboo language in daily communication. 2.) A taboo language used by an adult is very limited; adults only know about the taboo related to dirty words and insults, showing that taboo language understood by an adult is shifting in believing and practicing. 3) Male and Females have the same perspective towards taboo language, Most females believe that taboo is impolite words.
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Gurrieri, Lauren, Jan Brace-Govan, and Helene Cherrier. "Controversial advertising: transgressing the taboo of gender-based violence." European Journal of Marketing 50, no. 7/8 (July 11, 2016): 1448–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-09-2014-0597.
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Purpose To date, the cultural and societal effects of controversial advertising have been insufficiently considered. This study aims to investigate how advertising that uses violent representations of women transgresses the taboo of gender-based violence. Design/methodology/approach This study encompasses a visual analysis of the subject positions of women in five violent advertising representations and a critical discourse analysis of the defensive statements provided by the client organisations subsequent to the public outrage generated by the campaigns. Findings The authors identify taboo transgression in the Tease, Piece of Meat and Conquered subject positions, wherein women are represented as suggestive, dehumanised and submissive. Client organisations seek to defend these taboo transgressions through the use of three discursive strategies – subverting interpretations, making authority claims and denying responsibility – which legitimise the control of the organisations but simultaneously work to obscure the power relations at play. Practical implications The representational authority that advertisers hold as cultural intermediaries in society highlights the need for greater consideration of the ethical responsibilities in producing controversial advertisements, especially those which undermine the status of women. Social implications Controversial advertising that transgresses the taboo of violence against women reinforces gender norms and promotes ambiguous and adverse understandings of women’s subjectivities by introducing pollution and disorder to gender politics. Originality/value This paper critically assesses the societal implications of controversial advertising practices, thus moving away from the extant focus on managerial implications. Through a conceptualisation of controversial advertising as transgressing taboo boundaries, the authors highlight how advertising plays an important role in shifting these boundaries whereby taboos come to be understood as generative and evolving. However, this carries moral implications which may have damaging societal effects.
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Hearn, Mark, Peter J. Whorwell, and Dipesh H. Vasant. "Stigma and irritable bowel syndrome: a taboo subject?" Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology 5, no. 6 (June 2020): 607–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2468-1253(19)30348-6.
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Aftab, Minahil, Robass Zia, Kurrat Ul Aaien, Rehan Zafar, and Qudsia Umaira Khan. "Partiality of the General Population Towards Abortion and the Awareness Regarding it: A Cross Sectional Study." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 2193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211592193.
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Background: Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by expulsion of an embryo or foetus. In Pakistan, 54% of the 4.2 million unintentional pregnancies were terminated deliberately. Given the taboo around the subject, abortions are filled with unnecessary risk and fear, legal and physical. Our work intends to shed light on the factors that limit this taboo, exploring the line beyond which abortion is considered acceptable. Aim: To explore the limits of the taboo around abortion; to explore the extent to which certain taboos apply and deduce circumstances that deem abortion an acceptable practice. Methods: A sociological and statistical snow-ball type of semi-quantitative, semi-qualitative study was conducted. The study was carried out on the general adult Pakistani population, with focused groups of medical students, non-medical students, and non-students belonging to different employment status. A questionnaire-based survey was implemented. Several people were interviewed as well. Conclusion: The majority of participants were accepting of abortion in case of severe physical health issues. For questions involving mental health, majority of the population disagreed with abortion as a considerable option. However, the entire population strongly agreed with the fact that awareness regarding abortion is inadequate and there needs further light to be shed on it. Keywords: abortion, taboo, mental health, awareness
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Hensoldt-Fyda, Magdalena. "Cultural Taboo in Advertising. Differences in the Transmissions of Audiovisual Advertising in American and Hindu Market." Social Communication 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sc-2018-0010.
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Abstract The aim of this article is to examine differences between the transmissions of advertising content in the low and high context culture where the content contains subjects that are widely recognized as taboo. In order to do this, the analysis of audiovisual advertisements broadcast in the USA and India was used. These adverts introduce the problem of gender discrimination (particularly important in Hindu society) and different approach to gender stereotypes in both cultures (in American culture this subject is not suppressed). There are contrasting ways of presenting these difficult subjects in American and Hindu cultures. The things that are taboo in one culture become a stereotype in the other. And so, the question arises: do the cultural differences determining transmission of advertising content in the countries with cultural taboo of a product on sale still exist?
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Nyatanga, Brian. "Is death still a taboo subject in palliative care?" British Journal of Community Nursing 23, no. 11 (November 2, 2018): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2018.23.11.570.
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Jett, James R. "Screening for Lung Cancer: No Longer a Taboo Subject." Journal of Clinical Oncology 20, no. 8 (April 15, 2002): 1959–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2002.20.8.1959.
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Uyeda, Linda T., Entang Iskandar, Azhari Purbatrapsila, Joko Pamungkas, Aaron Wirsing, and Randall C. Kyes. "The role of traditional beliefs in conservation of herpetofauna in Banten, Indonesia." Oryx 50, no. 2 (October 24, 2014): 296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605314000623.
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AbstractSocial taboos have been increasingly recognized for their role in determining human behaviour. Such informal institutions may also, in some instances, guide practices that serve as effective conservation measures. Here we present a case in Banten, Indonesia, where a local taboo has discouraged the collection of two herpetofaunal species, the water monitor lizard Varanus salvator and the reticulated python Python reticulatus, on Tinjil Island, an undeveloped island off the coast of Java. The taboo is not observed in the nearby mainland villages of Muara Dua and Cisiih, where the two species may be harvested for skin or meat, and where the water monitor may also be killed as a pest. Water monitors and reticulated pythons figure prominently in the international reptile leather trade, with skins produced from Indonesia's wild populations representing the highest percentage of total global exports of both lizard and snake skins. The site-specific taboo documented here provides a strong deterrent to collection of these species in a location where they could be subject to illicit harvest as populations in nearby mainland areas decrease. Preliminary evidence also suggests that belief in forest guardian spirits may extend protection to other wildlife species on Tinjil Island.
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Teshome, Ageze, Beakal Zinab, Tekle Wakjira, and Dessalegn Tamiru. "Factors associated with food taboos among pregnant women in the Dimma district, Gambella, Ethiopia." African Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health 14, no. 4 (October 2, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ajmw.2020.0006.
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Background/Aims A food taboo is a food or drink that people are prohibited from consuming, often as a result of an incorrect perception of the food or for religious reasons, especially in low- and middle-income countries. During pregnancy, many women are subject to food taboos that can have deleterious effects on the fetus. This study aimed to assess the magnitude ofand factors associated with food taboos among pregnant women in Dimma district, Gambella, Ethiopia. The findings of this study can advise how to address the cultural malpractices that affect dietary behaviours of pregnant women, especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 276 pregnant women from March 6 to May 8 2019, in Dimma district, Gambella. Data were collected using a pretested interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and key informant interviews. A total of 14 key informant interviews were conducted. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to isolate independent predictors of food taboo practices. All tests were two sided and P<0.05 was used to set statistical significance. Qualitative data were audio taped and transcribed verbatim. Results Over one-third (34.7%) of the study participants restricted themselves from at least one food item during pregnancy. Common food taboos were fruits, cereals, honey, sugarcane, garden cress, mustard seed and yam. The main reasons behind food taboos were fear of maternal and fetal complications, including abortion, cardiac problems and anaemia. Food taboo practice was more common in participants aged ≥25 years (adjusted odds ratio=2.72; P=0.002), who had only attended primary education (adjusted odd ratio=2.56, P=0.019) and had a gestational age ≥7 months (adjusted odds ratio=4.33, P<0.001). Conclusions More than one-third of pregnant mothers were practicing food taboos during pregnancy in Dimma Woreda, Gambella region, which was significantly associated with older participants and a lack of formal education. Therefore, intensive nutrition education should be given by both government and non-government organisations, focusing on pregnant women.
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Green, Karen. "Prostitution, Exploitation and Taboo." Philosophy 64, no. 250 (October 1989): 525–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819100044284.
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It is so generally accepted that prostitution is immoral, that this is one of the least discussed of all ethical issues. Few serious philosophical treatments of the subject have been published. Of these, at least one, Lars Ericsson's, ‘Charges against Prostitution’, throws into stark relief the apparent inconsistency of our community attitudes. For it demonstrates that, from the point of view of the simple free market liberalism, to which many subscribe, there is nothing immoral about prostitution. The prostitute is a free agent who sells his or her services on the market at the going price. Why should the exchange of sexual services for money be more unsavoury than other exchanges of fee for service? The desire for sexual gratification is natural, as is the desire for food. So prostitution must be morally on a par with catering. Yet it is hemmed about by restrictions. Prostitutes are social outcasts, they may be pitied but are more often vilified and despised. From the liberal point of view, the moral disgust aroused by prostitution can only be the expression of an archaic and irrational taboo.
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Orr, Dawn, and Michelle Henderson. "Talking to children about death dying and bereavement – Is it time for a change in the school curriculum?" British Journal of Child Health 1, no. 3 (June 2, 2020): 117–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/chhe.2020.1.3.117.
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Open and honest communication between families is integral to caring for patients with progressive terminal illnesses. Talking to children about death, dying and bereavement, however, has always been a taboo subject. The specialist palliative care team in Gateshead NHS Foundation Trust share how they succesfully collaborated with a local secondary school to encourage young people to talk about these subjects.
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Vogel, Ralf. "Grammatical taboos." Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft 38, no. 1 (June 26, 2019): 37–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfs-2019-0002.
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Abstract This explorative study focuses on grammatical taboos in German, morphosyntactic constructions which are subject to stigmatisation, as they regularly occur in standard languages. They are subjected to systematic experimental testing in a questionnaire study with gradient rating scales on two salient and two non-salient grammatical taboo phenomena of German. The study is divided into three subexperiments with different judgement types, an aesthetic judgement, a norm-oriented judgement and the sort of possibility judgement that comes closest to linguists’ understanding of grammar. Included in the investigated material are also examples of ordinary gradient grammaticality: unmarked, marked and ungrammatical sentences. The empirical characteristics of grammatical taboos are compared to those ordinary cases with the finding that they are rated at the level of markedness, but differ from ordinary markedness in that they produce a different pattern of between-subject variance. In addition, we find that grammatical taboos have a particular disadvantage under the aesthetic judgement type. The paper also introduces the concept of empirical grammaticality as a necessary theoretical cornerstone for empirical linguistics. Methodically, the study applies a mix of parametric and non-parametric methods of statistical analysis.
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Wise, J. "Dying remains a taboo subject for patients and GPs, finds survey." BMJ 344, may14 1 (May 14, 2012): e3356-e3356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e3356.
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Baines, Roger. "Subtitling Taboo Language: Using the Cues of Register and Genre to Affect Audience Experience?" Meta 60, no. 3 (April 5, 2016): 431–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1036137ar.
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Using French-English/English-French examples, this article puts forward the hypothesis that, in the film genre of social realism (depicting low socio-economic groups), subtitlers use linguistic and visual cues which are embedded in genre to trigger audience reactions to representations of taboo language. Examples of the subtitling of taboo language are drawn from three films and the hypothesis above will be explored along three main interrelated axes: i) the value of treating subtitles as an entire system; ii) the relationship between the specific film genre of social realism (depicting low socio-economic groups) and audience perceptions of taboo language use; and iii) discourse representations through register and its effect on characterisation. Nuances are brought to evidence from existing research which argues that the choices relating to taboo language made in the oral to written mode shift are subject to politeness restrictions in terms of register, and that these choices have a homogenising/levelling effect on characterisation (Lambert 1990; Taylor 2006a; Mailhac 2000 for example).
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Farah, Randa. "Taboo Narratives: Teaching Palestine and the Palestinians." Practicing Anthropology 40, no. 4 (September 1, 2018): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/0888-4552.40.4.12.
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Abstract To speak “truth to power” is not merely an intellectual task but a mission statement and a moral compass, especially for anthropologists. Writing and speaking out about the effects of settler-colonialism on Palestinians has become the litmus test of such a stance. In western societies, especially in North America, Palestine is a taboo subject, where fear of being denied tenure or even expelled for speaking out has prevented a protracted history of Palestinian suffering, dispossession, and expulsion from being heard or known. Teaching about it therefore acquires a heightened significance and demands the deconstruction of dominant myths, despite the difficulties.
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Gray, Denis Pereira, Diana Dean, Molly Dineen, and Philip Dean. "Science versus society: is childcare for the under threes a taboo subject?" Epigenomics 12, no. 14 (July 2020): 1153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/epi-2020-0141.
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fomine, forka leypey mathew. "Food Taboos in Precolonial and Contemporary Cameroon: A Historical Perspective." Gastronomica 9, no. 4 (2009): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2009.9.4.43.
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Food taboos are observed in all traditional societies, especially in Cameroon where certain ethnic groups attach a lot of importance to them due to cultural reasons. Taboos related to culture are more subject to change (due to the level of literacy that prevails in the society and cultural contact) than those related to religion, which sparingly change. For instance, all Cameroonian Muslims avoid eating pork due to the belief that pork consumption will defile them. The taboos related to royal status also change sparingly. For example, among the Mbo, any hunter who kills the leopard compulsorily hands it to the paramount chief; and similarly among the Wawa, any hunter who kills a python is compelled to give it to the chief. These royal animal gifts are indicative of the prerogatives that traditional rulers enjoy in Cameroon. This study of Cameroon food taboos has revealed the tremendous change that has occurred in women's social status in Cameroon. Cameroonian women no longer observe the precolonial taboo imposed on them that forbade them from eating eggs, gizzards, and other foods. They have moved from their marginalized positions and even serve as ministers in the Government of Cameroon.
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PAUL, T. V. "Taboo or tradition? The non-use of nuclear weapons in world politics." Review of International Studies 36, no. 04 (October 2010): 853–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210510001336.
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AbstractThe non-use of nuclear weapons since Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 has emerged as a major puzzle in international politics. Traditional International Relations scholarship views this largely as a function of the deterrent relationship that emerged between the nuclear powers, especially during the Cold War era. The fact that nuclear weapons have not been used against non-nuclear states, despite temptations to use them, remains a challenge to the deterrence-only explanation. More normatively oriented scholars have argued that a taboo has emerged against the non-use of nuclear weapons. Nina Tannenwald's book,The Nuclear Taboois the most comprehensive study on this subject which relies on constructivist logic of inter-subjective taboo-like prohibition in accounting for the puzzle. While I see much merit in Tannenwald's empirical case studies, it is far-fetched to call the non-use largely a function of a taboo-like prohibition. For, taboos by their very nature forbid discussions of their breaking, whereas nuclear states have national military strategies that call for nuclear use under certain circumstances. They have also in many crises situations considered the use of nuclear weapons. I have argued in my book,The Tradition of Non-use of Nuclear Weapons(Stanford University Press, 2009), that a more modest tradition can be given partial credit for the absence of nuclear attacks on non-nuclear states. The tradition emerged because of a realisation of the horrendous effects of nuclear attack (a material fact) which generated reputation costs for a potential user. These reputation costs in turn generated self-deterrence which has helped to create a tradition which is partially restraining nuclear states from using their weapons for anything other than existential deterrence. Unlike Tannenwald, I contend that the tradition is not a strict taboo and hence it can be altered if material and political circumstances compel nuclear states to do so. The recent policy changes that have taken place in nuclear powers such as the US, Russia, UK, and France do not augur well for the tradition as the conditions for atomic use have been expanded to include prevention, pre-emption and other non-proliferation objectives involving rogue states and terrorist groups.
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Başci, Pelin. "Perils of Turkey’s Urban Wilderness in the 1970s and After." Current History 120, no. 830 (December 1, 2021): 374–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2021.120.830.374.
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A graphic novel written by a noted scholar contributes to a recent opening in Turkish culture for revisiting the era of the country’s 1980 coup, previously a taboo subject. The book evokes a time of political violence and student unrest and idealism, before a turn to repression and neoliberal capitalism.
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Batova, Maria Andreevna. "Suggestive techniques of screenwriting: taboo and unpredictability." Человек и культура, no. 1 (January 2020): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2020.1.31706.
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The subject of this research is the suggestive techniques of screenwriting on various level of perception of the movie, which engage the audience into cinematographic scene. The majority of movies reproduce the topic of social taboo, pulling upon the forbidden desires, and thus, instigating the audience. Such movies intend to distort the socially accepted moral and ethical restrictions, blurring the boundaries of the generally accepted standard. Alongside the violation of social taboo, one of the most important elements of drawing attention of the audience is unpredictability, used in dramaturgy to create an effect of incompleteness of story and the desire to reveal it. The research is based on the analytical and comparative methods, which allow analyzing particular effects intended by the author at the conceptual and dramaturgical level of the screen work. As a suggestive dramaturgical element, unpredictability can be reflected as a deferred event or a unpredictability that forms the screen image and character of the hero. Analysis is conducted on the movies “The Return” (2003), “Loveless” (2017) directed by Andrey Zvyagintsev; “Fight Club” (1999) directed by David Fincher; “The Departed” (2006) directed by Martin Scorsese; “Melancholia” (2011) directed by Lars von Trier. The research result consists in characterization of the modern trend of preserving unpredictability within a narrative structure of the movie to maintain non-triviality of the storyline.
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MacDonald, Scott. "Perception as Transcendence: Interview with Paweł Wojtasik." Film Quarterly 65, no. 2 (2011): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.2011.65.2.52.
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An interview with an avant-garde filmmaker who combines a Buddhist sensibility (emphasizing detached contemplation of the world) with sometimes shocking or disgusting subject matter (a sewage plant, autopsy). Paweł Wojtasik is a cine-alchemist whose quest is to turn the disgusting, the horrifying, the taboo into gold, using perception as a means to transcendence.
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Baun, Jane. "Taboo or Gift? The Lord’s Day in Byzantium." Studies in Church History 37 (2002): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400014649.
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Church history has tended to trace the development of doctrine, either orthodox or heretical, canonical or anti-canonical. This paper, however, examines ‘para-canonical’ ideas, those which develop alongside the canonical – not quite heretical, but not fully orthodox either. Canonical norms, while constant in principle, have always been subject in practice to multiple understandings. Most of these shifting understandings, among groups or individuals, are fleeting and can never be recovered; this is why the history of the reception of canonical norms is so elusive. But for the social historian of religion, reception is often more interesting than the norms themselves.What actually ‘trickles down’ from what the bishops teach? This paper will maintain that some record of how things ‘trickled down’ is preserved in para-canonical religious texts, commonly known as ‘apocryphal’ literature. It considers various ways in which the canonical norms of the Greek Orthodox Church concerning the Lord’s Day were understood in a specific time and place: medieval Byzantium, between the ninth and the twelfth centuries. This was a crucial formative period for Orthodox Church culture, both Greek and Slav, during which ritual and moral attitudes that still obtain today were being worked out.
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Smetana, Michal, and Carmen Wunderlich. "Forum: Nonuse of Nuclear Weapons in World Politics: Toward the Third Generation of “Nuclear Taboo” Research." International Studies Review 23, no. 3 (February 13, 2021): 1072–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isr/viab002.
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Abstract That nuclear weapons have not been used in war since 1945 is one of the most intriguing research puzzles in the field of international relations. It has sparked a fruitful scholarly debate: Can the persistence of the nonuse of nuclear weapons be understood with reference to a normative “taboo” subject to a constructivist logic of appropriateness, or does it rather constitute a prudent tradition based on a logic of consequences as rationalist scholars would have it? Recently, a study by Daryl Press, Scott Sagan, and Benjamin Valentino provided further impetus for this debate and opened up a “second generation” of “taboo” research. Unlike the first generation, the second wave examined attitudes toward nuclear use among the general public rather than elite decision-makers and used large-N experimental surveys rather than in-depth interviews and archival research. In particular, these studies raised several methodological questions on how to capture the “atomic aversion”: Is it meaningful to examine public attitudes in order to grasp the validity of the nuclear “taboo” (as opposed to elite perspectives) and can we infer a weakening of the normative aversion toward nuclear use from public surveys? Bringing together the pioneers of the original debate as well as more recent contributors, this special forum seeks to take stock of the progress that has been made by discussing the theoretical, conceptual, and methodological underpinnings of the research on the nonuse of nuclear weapons. Specifically, the contributions critically reflect upon the second wave of nuclear taboo scholarship with the overall aim to build bridges between different theoretical approaches and to identify avenues for further research in this area. Ultimately, this forum seeks to present the relevance of re-envisioning nuclear taboo research to a broader audience.
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Brightman, Robert. "The Sexual Division of Foraging Labor: Biology, Taboo, and Gender Politics." Comparative Studies in Society and History 38, no. 4 (October 1996): 687–729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500020508.
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If women's biology is their economic destiny, nowhere is this destiny more inexorable than in anthropological representations of the sexual division of foraging labor. Physically weak, immobilized by nursing children, engrossed in the provisioning of reliable plant foods, redolent with odors that drive away the game, and subject finally to the axiom that specialization everywhere increases productivity, the foraging woman who gathers but does not hunt seems multiply inevitable, the product at once of logistical necessity and evolutionary selection.
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Palu, Ma’afu. "Translating Sexual Taboos." Bible Translator 73, no. 2 (August 2022): 240–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20516770221104477.
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This paper outlines an approach for translating sexual references in the Bible in a culture that considers the subject taboo in public discussions. Such is the case in most Pacific Island cultures, especially in the Tongan culture. We will look at various examples of sex-related language, and conceptual metaphors in particular. For this, a method is proposed for understanding metaphorical expressions based on Lakoff and Johnson's cognitive linguistic view of metaphor. Then, this method is applied to biblical references to sex in the biblical storyline, focusing especially on the Old Testament. Finally, suggestions are offered for how best to translate sexual terms in Tongan Bible translation.
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Rocha, João Cezar De Castro. "Teoria Mimética e vulnerabilidade do sujeito – Ou: René Girard, Sigmund Freud e Oswald de Andrade | Mimetic Theory and the vulnerability of the subject – Or: René Girard, Sigmund Freud and Oswald de Andrade." Revista PHILIA | Filosofia, Literatura & Arte 3, no. 1 (June 2, 2021): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2596-0911.113117.
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ResumoEsse artigo propõe um contraponto entre a teoria mimética de René Girard, as considerações freudianas sobre sujeito e a obra de Oswald de Andrade. O sujeito mimético coincide com o sujeito antropofágico oswaldiano, pois idêntica divisa poderia defini-los, transformando o alheio em próprio, e transformá-lo a tal ponto que as fronteiras entre o eu e o outro se confundem. Cada um a seu modo, Oswald de Andrade e René Girard assimilaram criativamente a lição freudiana, especialmente a leitura de Totem e Tabu (1913). O pensador e poeta brasileiro inverteu os termos da equação, descobrindo “a transformação permanente do Tabu em totem”.Palavras-chave: Teoria Mimética Girardiana. Sujeito Mimético. Antropofagia em Oswald de Andrade. Totem e Tabu. AbstractThis article proposes a comparison among René Girard’s mimetic theory, Freudian assumptions on the self and Oswald de Andrade’s work. The mimetic self coincides with the Oswaldian anthropophagic subject, since the identical division could define them, transforming the other in the self, and transform it in such a way that the limits between the self and the other can be confused. Each one in his own way, Oswald de Andrade and René Girard assimilated creatively Freud’s lesson, especially the reading of Totem and Taboo (1913). The thinker and Brazilian poet inverted the terms in the formula, descovering ‘the permanent transformation of the Taboo in totem.’Keywords: Girardian Mimetic Theory. Mimetic Self. Anthropophagy in Oswald de Andrade. Totem and Taboo.
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Vecchio, Nicholas Lo. "Borrowing and the historical LGBTQ lexicon." Sex, Death & Politics 28, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 167–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.00022.vec.
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Abstract Unlike most areas involving taboo, where language-internal innovations tend to dominate, homosexuality is characterized by a basic international vocabulary shared across multiple languages, notably English, French, Italian, Spanish and German. Historically, the lexis of nonnormative gender identity has shared space with that of sexual orientation. This lexicon includes (inexhaustively) the following series of internationalisms: sodomite, bugger, bardash, berdache, tribade, pederast, sapphist, lesbian, uranist, invert, homosexual, bisexual, trans, gay, queer. This common terminology has resulted from language contact in a broad sense, and more specifically from lexical borrowing (loanwords). Several framing devices are expressed through the lexicon: religious censure, distancing in time and space, othering, medicalization or pathologizing, but also in recent decades LGBTQ self-assertion and demands for equality. Rather than necessarily being subject to taboo, then, queerness represents a pragmatically marked semantic field in which the lexicon is highly dependent upon social factors and the communicative context.
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Tebble, Adam James. "Homosexuality and Publicness: Towards a Political Theory of the Taboo." Political Studies 59, no. 4 (May 27, 2011): 921–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2011.00884.x.
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This article examines the relationship between homosexuality and the concept of publicness, including the idea of the political. Building upon the liberal feminism of Susan Okin, as well as upon recent work in queer theory, this article outlines an account of the ethic of unacknowledgeability, understood as the socially constituted physical disappearance of, and discursive silence about, homosexuality. It will be claimed that the ethic of unacknowledgeability explains why, unlike gendered marginalisation, the marginalisation of gays, lesbians and homosexuality as a subject matter is beyond both public and private and, as such, distinct. To conclude, this article will sketch a political theory of the taboo in which the implications of the ethic of unacknowledgeability for normative political theory are explored. More specifically, it will be claimed that the political theory of the taboo presents a new and unique challenge to politics, and establishes as a new standard of justice the extent to which a theory of justice grapples with the undiscussable.
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Kempińska, Urszula, and Anna Nowak. "Sexual education in selected European countries - characteristics." Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze 598, no. 3 (March 31, 2021): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8174.
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This article aims to present the characteristics of sex education in selected European countries. Particular attention should be paid to the need for compulsory and diligently conducted sexual education of young people as a preventive measure and a factor providing objective scientific truth. Normative systems and set of beliefs often create social taboos about sexuality. Based on the analysis of scientific sources published in Polish, French and English, this article also shows the essence of sex education in schools, as a way for young people to make the right choices, reduce the occurrence of risky behaviors and protect against and prevent sexually transmitted diseases, unplanned pregnancy and sexual violence. Acquiring true and consistent with the current state of knowledge information on the human sexual sphere should be carried out throughout life. Conducting professional sex education classes at school would be an opportunity for all students to have equal access to information on this subject. Both for those who talk to their parents and those for whom it is a taboo. The presented effects of the lack of sexual education in schools show that its reliable and professional implementation is a means of providing help to young people and their families. However, in order to change the approach of parents and students to attending classes in this subject, it is necessary to improve the quality of teaching in this subject and to make some changes to the curriculum.
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Lundberg, Johan. "The Return of the Clan in Sweden." Societies 10, no. 3 (July 7, 2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc10030049.
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This is a conceptual paper which deals with a subject that has been neglected by contemporary Swedish researchers, politicians and journalists: the clan society, which is one of the most common forms of society in the world—from which many of today’s nations seem to have sprung. The thesis of the essay is that the taboo around the clan issue has meant that we have no capacity to understand foreign policy or integration policy.
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Randall, T. "Not all drug firms subject to gifts guidelines, but, for physicians, their gifts are still taboo." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 265, no. 18 (May 8, 1991): 2305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.265.18.2305.
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Djamba, Yanyi K. "Premarital sexual experience of married women in Kinshasa, Zaire." Journal of Biosocial Science 27, no. 4 (October 1995): 457–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000023063.
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SummaryUsing responses from questions about age at first sexual intercourse and age at first marriage, this paper offers a method of studying premarital sexual behaviour in societies where the subject is a taboo topic. More than half of the currently married women in Kinshasa engaged in sexual intercourse before marriage. The likelihood of having premarital intercourse increases among younger women, those with higher education, and those whose ethnic groups have liberal attitudes towards sexual conduct. The results also suggest that sexual activity accounts for late marriage.
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Nwagbo, Osita Gerald. "Sexual taboos and euphemisms in Igbo: An anthropolinguistic appraisal." Language in Africa 2, no. 3 (October 25, 2021): 112–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2686-8946-2021-2-3-112-148.
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Due to face-threatening effect of taboo words, euphemisms are used to replace them for the sake of politeness. Several studies have been carried out on sexual taboos across cultures, including Igbo, but most have centrally focused on euphemisms for sex organs, with inadequate attention paid to the sex act itself. As a result, this study examines euphemisms about sex or copulation in Igbo with a view to delineating the categories and strategies employed by Igbo to express them. Through Participant and Non-participant Observation, data (11 conversations) were collected, from 22 participants comprising 16 men and 6 women across 6 different settings in Lagos State, Nigeria. The result showed that participants used two major strategies (idiomatic expressions and symbols) and coinage to euphemise the act of sex. Two broad categories of sex found were explicit euphemisms representing the common type, and opaque euphemisms representing the uncommon type. However, both categories are existing words in the language that are imbued with new meanings to achieve the censoring objective. The alternative forms adequately serve the intended purpose because they mask and obscure the tabooed subject and hence save the face of interlocutors.
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Traumer, Line, Michael Hviid Jacobsen, and Birgitte Schantz Laursen. "Patients’ experiences of sexuality as a taboo subject in the Danish healthcare system: a qualitative interview study." Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences 33, no. 1 (October 15, 2018): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/scs.12600.
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Akhaddar, Ali. "Letter to the Editor: Talking About Our Own Complications: Is It Still a Taboo Subject in Neurosurgery?" World Neurosurgery 142 (October 2020): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.191.
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Prothero, Stephen. "From Spiritualism to Theosophy: “Uplifting” a Democratic Tradition." Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation 3, no. 2 (1993): 197–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rac.1993.3.2.03a00050.
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The status reversal ritual that American religious historiography has undergone in the last two decades has done much to “mainstream” previously taboo topics within the field. Many religious groups once dismissed as odd and insignificant “cults” are now seen as “new religious movements” worthy of serious scrutiny. One subject that has benefited from this reversal of fortunes is theosophy. Thanks to the work of scholars such as Robert Ellwood and Carl Jackson, theosophists are now part of the story of American religion. Exactly what part they are to play in that story remains, however, unclear.
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McCann, Christopher J., and Hector Y. Adames. "Dying other, dying self: Creating culture and meaning in palliative healthcare." Palliative and Supportive Care 11, no. 4 (August 1, 2012): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951512000557.
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AbstractDying is an act of creativity, and we each die as cultural beings. Culture helps us create the meaning death requests of us. However, the dominant culture of the healthcare system views death as a failure of modern medicine, an event of unspeakable terror and taboo. Palliative clinicians must honor each dying person's cultural identity (as well as the person's family), not subject it to the dominant discourse of Western medicine. This article offers practical guidelines for palliative clinicians to do so, as well as a case vignette.
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Stradomska, Marlena. "Suicyde and Internet addiction - psychological perspective." ASEJ Scientific Journal of Bielsko-Biala School of Finance and Law 23, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2657.
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The subject matter of the paper lies on the borderline of two important social problems i.e. Internet addiction and suicide. The problem of suicide is still treated as a social taboo in contemporary world. Those who have attempted to kill themselves as well as their families are discriminated and ill-treated by their immediate environment and driven into inferiority complex. Every so often the only option left to such people is the Internet that offers an attentive ear and consolation because the access to professional help in the real world may be limited in a given place and in a given moment. On the Internet one may talk and exchange information on any topic at any time of night and day. The Internet is a cheap and widely available platform offering websites, chat rooms, forums and support groups for people experiencing the same problems. It should be emphasized however, that there are dark corners on the Internet which should not be visited by wide audiences. Some online contents are just not well-adjusted to the development age of young Internet users. This paper is a discussion of a metaphoric and literal aspect of suicide on the Internet and a call for more scientific research, educational campaigns and psychoprophylaxis related to the subject matter of suicide and self-destruction. The author emphasizes the necessity to raise awareness to the issue of suicide which is still a social taboo and subject to social myths. Although many specialist facilities, associations and institutions are already involved in addressing the problem, the number of suicide attempts has not been reduced mainly because the activities undertaken are scattered and badly coordinated. The effects of these efforts are not satisfactory neither for theoreticians nor for practitioners.
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Chou, Shieu-Ming, Shiow-Ni Two, and Beth Woodard. "Taiwanese Undergraduate Nursing Students' Personal Priorities before Death." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 51, no. 1 (August 2005): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/8mfc-xhkv-5xr7-chvr.
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Death is a taboo subject to the Chinese. People rarely discuss this subject in public. However, it is inevitable that a nursing student will encounter a patient with a fatal disease or an end-of-life situation. Though death is a personal issue for each nurse, their unique perspective can affect the patient under their care. This article explores nursing students' personal priorities if told they had six months to live. The 167 participants were asked one question, “List five things you plan to do six months before your death.” The results yielded 815 responses categorized into five dimensions as follows: connecting or reconnecting with family and close friends, specific goals, spiritual awareness, self-determination, and altruism. The results of this study can facilitate the teaching of death education and spiritual nursing courses.
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Shaffaqat, Muhammad, Madam Nadia Bi Bi, Muhammad Ali Shahid, and Farooq Ahmad. "A Sociolinguistic Study of Linguistic Taboos in Send My Roots Rain by Ibis Gomes Vega." Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics 3, no. 4 (April 26, 2021): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jeltal.2021.3.4.6.
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A few issues are acknowledged and admitted for every public, while others are not considered appropriate at any point verbally expressed on open occasions. When used in correspondence, taboo words are appropriately interpreted as silly, appalling, or revolting. These are the words "limitations." The current study looks into all of the notable collections of English Linguistic taboos, such as genuine releases, end and illness, sex, four-letter words, security, and harsh language, which are independently described and given strong models. To deal with the conditions, abnormal and indirect strategies for avoiding using unapproachable words are proposed. Being a sociolinguistic report, the current research thesis aims to research the Linguistic Taboos in the novel "Send My Roots Rain" by Ibis Gomez Vega. The focal point of the novel is lesbianism. The protagonist of the novel goes under the attack of the previously described subject. The topic of lesbianism was discussed where the Theory of Bad Language by Batistella was used as a hypothetical framework. A Library summary was used to collect secondary data. The study investigated the kinds of semantic constraints and profane and forbidden body movements that permeated in the novel in the novel. At any rate, these Linguistic Taboos are forbidden in public, but in the event that somebody like Carol, the hero of the novel, goes under an assault of the illicit and restricted crime, it is not just a Spanish individual’s calamity; it can immerse various social orders moreover. As these kinds of limitations are once penetrated, none can stop and annihilate except drastic devastations. A pilot study was done for the data mining.
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Waters, Clay. "Monitoring the Movies: The Fight Over Film Censorship in Early Twentieth-Century Urban America by Meridith Broussard." Journal of Intellectual Freedom & Privacy 3, no. 2-3 (January 15, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/jifp.v3i2-3.6777.
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The chapters are arranged chronologically, retracing the national fight over film content, as various taboo subjects like abortion, white slavery, and racial intermarriage were addressed (or exploited) within the emerging medium. Similar ground was covered by Lee Grieveson in Policing Cinema: Movies and Censorship in Early-Twentieth-Century America (2004), the subject of a lengthy note in Monitoring the Movies. But Fronc’s work is bolstered by voluminous correspondence from the National Board of Review of Motion Pictures, and the 40 pages of notes (in addition to an appendix, bibliography, and index) signal a comprehensive appraisal of this facet of the Progressive era. Along the way, there are a few light anecdotes, including one involving a melodramatic film about a railroad strike that featured a scene of a burning trestle, a special effect that meant the film’s costs ran into “many hundreds of dollars” (40).
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Yi, ZHAI, SUN Gang, Li Bin, ZHU Kaimin, and Wang Qiang. "Research on risk control method of Spacecraft AIT process based on PFTA." MATEC Web of Conferences 288 (2019): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928802001.
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In this article, the Process Fault Tree Analysis (PFTA) method is researched, which is about to the risk management of spacecraft Assembly Integration and Test (AIT) process. The method of how to identify the top event and bottom event of Spacecraft AIT process risk and the method of how to assess the risk severity of the bottom event is introduced. The model of risk control matrix is established. From the responsibilities, tools, methods, monitor and other dimensions about the post roles involved of the AIT process, how to establish a risk management system based on the identification, assessment, analysis and control of the whole AIT process is researched. In this risk management system, through technology subject, quantitative topic, process improve, Quality Control (QC) subjects, implementation of product assurance elements, writing Standard Operating procedure (SOP), maintaining system documents, combing knowledge and operation taboo items and other method is used.
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Ludanyi, Andrew. "Preface: The Historical Geography of the Hungarian Nation." Nationalities Papers 24, no. 3 (September 1996): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905999608408453.
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The fate of Hungarian minorities in East Central Europe has been one of the most neglected subjects in the Western scholarly world. For the past fifty years the subject—at least prior to the late 1980s—was taboo in the successor states (except Yugoslavia), while in Hungary itself relatively few scholars dared to publish anything about this issue till the early 1980s. In the West, it was just not faddish, since most East European and Russian Area studies centers at American, French and English universities tended to think of the territorial status quo as “politically correct.” The Hungarian minorities, on the other hand, were a frustrating reminder that indeed the Entente after World War I, and the Allies after World War II, made major mistakes and significantly contributed to the pain and anguish of the peoples living in this region of the “shatter zone.”
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DOMÍNGUEZ, MICHAEL, and ALICE DOMÍNGUEZ. "Playing Past Racial Silence." Study and Scrutiny: Research on Young Adult Literature 4, no. 2 (December 29, 2020): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2376-5275.2020.4.2.1-30.
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Too often, classroom conversations and literature choices frame race in homogenizing terms, equating racial identity solely with the experience of marginalization. This can have a chilling effect on students whose cultural context has made race an inaccessible topic, positioning conversations about racial identity beyond their zone of proximal development. Leveraging reflections from student-athletes and an analysis of three YA texts, the authors argue that sports-centered YA literature, by normalizing depictions of race, might be leveraged to serve as a critical entry point for robust classroom conversations about the complexity of racial identity, adding nuance and accessibility to a taboo subject.