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1
Marvin, Amy. "Short-Circuited Trans Care, t4t, and Trans Scenes." TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/23289252-9475481.
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Abstract This essay discusses short-circuited trans care by focusing on failures of t4t as an ethos both interpersonally and within particular trans scenes. The author begins by recounting an experience working at a bar/restaurant that appealed to its identity as a caring trans community space as part of its exploitation of trans workers. This dynamic inspires the main argument, that t4t can become an ethos of scenes and institutions beyond the interpersonal while short-circuiting practices of trans care. Short-circuited trans care is then traced to t4t by drawing from Hil Malatino's work on trans care and t4t, Kai Cheng Thom's work on community dynamics, and trans literature to argue that practices of t4t often include abuse, expulsion, and assumptive care. This short-circuited trans care is linked to trans scenes by discussing the ethos of t4t in the history of Topside Press and trans cultural production. The author does not condemn t4t and to this effect offers a critique of tethering trans cultural production to prestige instead of care. Rather, the goal of this essay is to openly discuss aspects of t4t and trans care that are often obscured through the projection of a highly questionable “we” or universalized “trans community.”
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Zhong, Zhi-Ping, Ying Liu, Liang-Zi Liu, Fang Wang, Yu-Guang Zhou, and Zhi-Pei Liu. "Rheinheimera tuosuensis sp. nov., isolated from a saline lake." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64, Pt_4 (April 1, 2014): 1142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.056473-0.
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A Gram-staining-negative bacterium, strain TS-T4T, was isolated from Tuosu Lake, a saline lake (salinity 5.4 %, w/w) in Qaidam basin, Qinghai, China. Its taxonomic position was determined by using a polyphasic approach. Cells of strain TS-T4T were non-spore-forming rods, 0.4–0.8 µm wide and 1.7–2.3 µm long, and motile by means of a single polar flagellum. Strain TS-T4T was strictly heterotrophic, aerobic and catalase- and oxidase-positive. Growth was observed in the presence of 0–7.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3.0–4.0 %) and at 4–40 °C (optimum, 30–35 °C) and pH 7.0–10.5 (optimum, pH 8.5–9.0). Strain TS-T4T contained Q-8 as the sole respiratory quinone and phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol as the major polar lipids, as for other members of the genus Rheinheimera . The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C18 : 1ω7c. The DNA G+C content was 50.2 mol% (T m). Phylogenetic trees based on sequences of the 16S rRNA gene and a conserved portion of the gyrase B gene (gyrB) showed that strain TS-T4T was associated with the genus Rheinheimera ; the strain showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Rheinheimera longhuensis LH2-2T (97.1 %) and then to Rheinheimera pacifica KMM 1406T (97.0 %). DNA–DNA relatedness of strain TS-T4T with R. longhuensis LH2-2T and R. pacifica NBRC 103167 was 53±2.5 and 48±2 %, respectively. Based on the data presented, it is concluded that TS-T4T represents a novel species of the genus Rheinheimera , for which the name Rheinheimera tuosuensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TS-T4T ( = CGMCC 1.12461T = JCM 19264T).
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Debeljuh, Josip. "Model učeništva T4T." Kairos 18, no. 1 (May 21, 2024): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32862/k1.18.1.3.
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U posljednjih su se nekoliko godina na kršćanskoj globalnoj sceni pojavili mnogi modeli učeništva. Među njima je jedan privukao pažnju teoloških fakulteta, misijskih organizacija i crkava, a to je model učeništva T4T (Training for Trainers). Model učeništva T4T dio je Pokreta za osnivanje crkava (Church Planting Movements – CPM) i Pokreta za stvaranje učenika (Disciple Making Movements – DMM). Ovaj članak pruža informacije o modelu učeništva T4T – što je, što postiže i kako se primjenjuje. Nadalje, članak propituje njegove prednosti i mane u pogledu upotrebe u hrvatskom kontekstu. Na kraju, članak zaključuje da model učeništva T4T nije prikladan za upotrebu u lokalnim crkvama u Hrvatskoj osim u slučaju da se naprave znatne preinake njegova učenja i prakse.
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Debeljuh, Josip. "Model učeništva T4T." Kairos 18, no. 1 (May 21, 2024): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32862/k.18.1.3.
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In recent years many discipleship models emerged on the Christian global scene. One discipleship model that has garnered attention in theological seminaries, mission organizations, and churches is the T4T discipleship model (Training for Trainers). The T4T discipleship model is a part of Church Planting Movements (CPMs) and Disciple Making Movements (DMMs). This article provides information about the T4T discipleship model - what it is, what it does, and how is it applied. Further, this article considers its strengths and weaknesses regarding the use of it in the Croatian context. This article concludes that the T4T discipleship model is not suitable for use in local churches in Croatia unless there are substantial adaptations to its teaching and practices.
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Dedysh, Svetlana N., Yulia Y. Berestovskaya, Lina V. Vasylieva, Svetlana E. Belova, Valentina N. Khmelenina, Natalia E. Suzina, Yuri A. Trotsenko, Werner Liesack, and George A. Zavarzin. "Methylocella tundrae sp. nov., a novel methanotrophic bacterium from acidic tundra peatlands." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02805-0.
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A novel species, Methylocella tundrae, is proposed for three methanotrophic strains (T4T, TCh1 and TY1) isolated from acidic Sphagnum tundra peatlands. These strains are aerobic, Gram-negative, non-motile, dinitrogen-fixing rods that possess a soluble methane monooxygenase and utilize the serine pathway for carbon assimilation. Strains T4T, TCh1 and TY1 are moderately acidophilic organisms capable of growth between pH 4·2 and 7·5 (optimum 5·5–6·0) and between 5 and 30 °C (optimum 15 °C). The major phospholipid fatty acid is 18 : 1ω7c. The DNA G+C content of strain T4T is 63·3 mol%. The three strains possess almost identical 16S rRNA gene sequences and are most closely related to two previously identified species of Methylocella, Methylocella palustris (97 % similarity) and Methylocella silvestris (97·5 % similarity). DNA–DNA hybridization values of strain T4T with Methylocella palustris KT and Methylocella silvestris BL2T were respectively 27 and 36 %. Thus, the tundra strains represent a novel species, for which the name Methylocella tundrae sp. nov. is proposed. Strain T4T (=DSM 15673T=NCIMB 13949T) is the type strain.
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Soboleva, Alena, Suzan Burton, Kate Daellenbach, and Debra Z. Basil. "Tweets for tots: using Twitter to promote a charity and its supporters." Journal of Consumer Marketing 34, no. 6 (September 11, 2017): 515–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-03-2017-2123.
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Purpose Twitter provides an ideal channel for a non-profit organisation (NPO) to add value to its corporate partners by providing the ability to send tweets to its own network of followers. This research aims to examine the extent to which one NPO used Twitter for this purpose and discuss the implications. Design/methodology/approach The research examined tweets sent by a large US-based charitable organisation, Toys for Tots (T4T), across two Christmas periods. All tweets that mentioned or retweeted T4T’s corporate partners were analysed. Findings The findings show surprisingly limited mentions of partners by T4T, with many never mentioned, and markedly fewer mentions of partners in the second period. Separate analysis of partner tweets retweeted by T4T revealed that none was modified to add value for T4T and/or for the partner, and many were unrelated to T4T, raising a risk of alienating T4T’s followers. Research limitations/implications Only one NPO was examined, and the study focused on Twitter, with limited analysis of T4T’s Facebook posts. However, the relatively low, decreasing and largely indirect promotion of partners in T4T’s tweets suggests a lack of strategic use of Twitter by T4T. Practical implications Coupled with other research, the results show the need for this and other NPOs to more effectively use Twitter to reinforce partnerships with corporate partners. Originality/value The results demonstrate the failure of a major US charity to use Twitter to add value for its corporate partners. Even in the unlikely event that this NPO is an isolated case, the results show the need for NPOs and their corporate partners to work together to provide reciprocal benefits.
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Hsu, V. Jo. "T4t Love-Politics." TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 101–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/23289252-9475551.
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Abstract This essay considers Monica Roberts's long-standing blog, TransGriot, as a model of T4t love-politics. Drawing from Jennifer Nash's work on Black feminism, the author argues that TransGriot centers interpersonal and intra- and intercommunal relationships as driving forces of social and systemic change. This approach to t4t enabled Roberts to center trans voices, trans needs, and trans thriving while also demanding accountability from all communities that intersect with the lives of Black trans women. What emerges is an understanding of justice as built and sustained by the difficult work of relating—of making ourselves vulnerable to, and bearing witness to, one another.
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Awkward-Rich, Cameron, and Hil Malatino. "Meanwhile, t4t." TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/23289252-9475467.
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Rau, Jan Erik, Karl-Heinz Blotevogel, and Ulrich Fischer. "Algoriphagus aquaeductus sp. nov., isolated from a freshwater pipe." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62, Pt_3 (March 1, 2012): 675–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.030809-0.
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A Gram-staining-negative, aerobic to microaerophilic, rod-shaped, red-coloured bacterium, strain T4T, was isolated from a freshwater pipe on Tenerife island. A polyphasic taxonomic study was performed in order to characterize the strain in detail. The isolate is surrounded by a slime capsule, occurs singly, in the form of short chains, or in aggregates, and exhibits catalase and oxidase activities. Growth was observed at 15–42 °C. Optimum growth occurred at pH 8 with mono- and disaccharides, followed by polysaccharides and deoxysaccharides, but the bacterium utilized only a restricted spectrum of alcohols, alditols, amides, amines, carboxylic acids and amino acids. Strain T4T tolerated concentrations of 0–4 % (w/v) NaCl and contained MK-7 as predominant isoprenoid quinone as well as carotenoids, but lacked pigments of the flexirubin type. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (32.2 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c; 22.5 %), and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (7.9 %). Major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phospholipids, aminophospholipids and other lipids of unknown character. The DNA G+C content was approximately 41.8 mol%. The sequence of the 16S-rRNA gene assigned strain T4T to the CFB group, forming a coherent cluster with species of the genus Algoriphagus with the highest similarity of 98.8 % to Algoriphagus aquatilis A8-7T. DNA–DNA hybridization revealed 37.5 % relatedness to strain A8-7T. Based on morphological, physiological and molecular properties as well as on phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain T4T should be placed into the genus Algoriphagus as a novel species, for which the name Algoriphagus aquaeductus sp. nov. (type strain T4T = DSM 19759T = LMG 24398T = NCIMB 14399T) is proposed.
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Fulmer, Alice. "The t4t Gift Economy and Its Romance within the Middle English Lai Sir Launfal." Comitatus: A Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies 54, no. 1 (2023): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cjm.2023.a912671.
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Abstract: Contemporary discourse around t4t (trans for trans) relationships involves speculation about bodies in transition. What do such relationships signify toward the bodies of compulsory heterosexuality, not just today, but in the historical record? In the case of the Middle English lai tradition, a t4t framework assists a postmodern audience in uncovering instances not only of gendered affects relative to the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries but also of the affect economies that facilitate (or negate) gender affirmations. Romances such as Thomas Chestre’s Sir Launfal (a translation of a twelfth-century lai of Marie de France) exhibit romantic, platonic, and (the potentiality of) sexual relationships from which a semblance of t4t dynamics is constructively reassembled. Looking at some of the poem’s central characters and their relationships’ dynamics, both from Sir Launfal and from the larger “Lanval” tradition, provides a means from which t4t can be understood as a framework—one that measures not only affect between transgender individuals but also social systems like gift economies within the text that bear resemblance to contemporary mutual aid networks in transgender communities today. Instances of camp and parody within the romance genre historically are also observed in this paper. The gift economies in Sir Launfal and their gender affirmations propel the narrative’s resolution to demonstrate how they scaffold the genre of romance within the Middle English lai. This is an inquiry into exploring what focusing a distinctly trans lens can do when looking.
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Lundy-Harris, Amira. "“Necessary Bonding”." TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 84–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/23289252-9475537.
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Abstract This article uses a t4t framework rooted in Black feminist thought to meditate on the convergence of Black and trans in meetings between fields, encounters with text, and relational bonds forged between individuals that help promote collective creation. Section 1 explores the bridging of Black feminist thought and trans studies in relationship to the emergence of Black trans studies. The second section examines how the searching Black trans reader's encounter with the text allows for the imagination and creation of an actualized trans self. Section 3 takes a more conventional approach to the concept of t4t, exploring the kin bonds created between Black trans people, with an eye to the way that Black feminist literature is used to describe these relationships.
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Adair, Cassius, and Aren Aizura. "“The Transgender Craze Seducing Our [Sons]”; or, All the Trans Guys Are Just Dating Each Other." TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 44–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/23289252-9475509.
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Abstract Recent antitrans discourses have critiqued trans masculinity in particular as a site of social panic and contagion for proto-trans adolescents. In extreme cases, this is framed as a seduction. Turning “seduction” from a social danger to a benefit, this essay theorizes masc4masc t4t erotics as a type of contagious gendering. The authors discuss the coming into identity that takes place via desire for trans people, including a sexual urge toward or attraction to people who look like the person one wants to be. They examine the cultural representations of ftm4ftm erotics, and what it means to think about these relationships now, in the face of their new emergence as cultural threat. The authors make a close reading of 2000s-era erotica and pornography to argue that Daddy/boy and group sex dynamics can be read as gender labor, affective and intersubjective work that produces gender and that in t4t erotics works within a framework of differentiated reciprocity. The article concludes by gesturing toward future possibilities for trans masc 4 trans masc politics and pleasures.
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Garrido Magaña, Eulalia, Jorge Alberto Silva Estrada, Elisa Nishimura Meguro, Aleida De Jesús Rivera Hernández, and Jessie Nallely Zurita-Cruz. "Disfunción tiroidea por I131-Metayodo Benzilguanidina en pacientes con neuroblastoma." Revista Chilena de Pediatría 91, no. 3 (June 19, 2020): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.32641/rchped.v91i3.1237.
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El tratamiento del neuroblastoma en estadios avanzados incluye quimioterapia, cirugía y terapia con I131-Metayodo benzilguanidina (I131-MIBG). La disfunción tiroidea se reporta entre 12 y 85% a pesar de la protección tiroidea.Objetivo: identificar la frecuencia de disfunción tiroidea en casos de neuroblastoma tratados con I131-MIBG. Pacientes y Método: Estudio transversal. Se incluyeron todos los casos con diagnóstico de neuroblastoma que recibieron I131-MIBG en el periodo de 2002-2015, a los cuales se les realizó antropometria completa, perfil de tiroides: hormona estimulante de tiroides (TSH), Triyodotironina total y libre (T3t y T3l), tiroxina total y libre (T4t, T4l), y anticuerpos antitiroglobulina y antiperoxidasa.Resultados: Se identificaron un total de 27 pacientes; once fallecieron (40%). De los 16 casos sobrevivientes, 9 (56%) presentaron disfunción tiroidea: 2 (13%) casos con hipotiroidismo subclínico y 7 (44%) casos con hipotiroidismo clínico (3 casos por retraso en el desarrollo psicomotor y 4 por desaceleración del crecimiento). Los pacientes presentaron manifestaciones clínicas a los 16,1 meses (1,2-66,3 meses) de recibir el radiofármaco a una dosis acumulada de 142 mCi (96-391.5 mCi). No se logró evidenciar diferencias en la edad al diagnóstico, la edad al inicio del tratamiento con el I131-MIBG, la dosis acumulada del I131-MIBG y el tiempo trascurrido entre la dosis y el perfil tiroideo entre los casos con o sin disfunción tiroidea.Conclusiones: El 56% de los pacientes con neuroblastoma presentaron disfunción tiroidea. La mayoría de los casos con hipotiroidismo fueron referidos cuando los datos de disfunción tiroidea eran clínicamente evidentes.
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Taranti, Leila, Kátia Haipek, Priscila Viau Furtado, Cláudio Alvarenga de Oliveira, Kilder Dantas Filgueira, Fábio Parra Sellera, Ronaldo Gomes Gargano, and Archivaldo Reche-Júnior. "Prevalence, clinical and epidemiological features of feline hyperthyroidism at a veterinary teaching hospital in Brazil: a retrospective study." Acta Veterinaria Brasilica 16, no. 3 (August 16, 2022): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21708/avb.2022.16.3.10733.
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The hyperthyroidism is the most frequently endocrinopathy in cats. The increasing number of diagnoses over time is due to the greater familiarity with the disease and the development of increasingly sensitive diagnostic tools available. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the prevalence, clinical characteristics and risk factors of hyperthyroidism in cats admitted at one of the largest veterinary teaching hospital in Brazil. Between 2002 and 2007, 234 cats were admitted to the veterinary teaching hospital of the University of São Paulo, Brazil. Total thyroxine (T4t) serum concentration was measured from all cats. Also analyzed the medical charts of cats. Of the 234 cats, 26 (11.1%) were considered hyperthyroid (T4t ≥3.8 μg/dL). Of hese 26 cats, only two (7.7%) were initially diagnosed as hyperthyroid. The age of cats ranged from 6 to 27 years old (13.1 ± 4.5 years). Twelve patients (46.2%) were female and 14 (53.8%) were male. Eight (30.8%) cats were Siamese, while the others were mixed breed (69.2%). Dry food was the most common food type consumed by cats. There was a high prevalence of hyperthyroid cats with concomitant chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study sheds light on the importance of routinely monitoring feline hyperthyroidism and brings epidemiological and clinical data of this endocrinopathy in cats from one of the largest veterinary teaching hospitals in the country.
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Betônico, Carolina C. R., Ricardo Rodrigues, Suzan C. L. Mendonça, and Paulo Tannus Jorge. "Hipotireoidismo primário simulando volumoso macroadenoma hipofisário." Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia 48, no. 3 (June 2004): 423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-27302004000300016.
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Mulher de 21 anos apresenta história de 2 anos de irregularidade menstrual, com períodos de amenorréia de até 8 meses e ganho ponderal e há 1 ano galactorréia e cefaléia holocraniana. Exames da ocasião: TSH: 1192 mUI/ml (0,27-4,2); T4T:1,0 mg/dl (4,4-11,4) ; T3T: 0,41 ng/ml (0,7-2,1); prolactina: 69,2 ng/ml (3-20). Em serviço de endocrinologia foi confirmado quadro de mixedema acompanhado de galactorréia. Ressonância magnética (RM) de hipotálamo-hipófise mostrou lesão expansiva intra e supra selar com 1,9 x 1,4 x 1,9 cm nos seus maiores diâmetros, determinando compressão e desvio do quiasma óptico. Diante da possibilidade de hiperplasia das células produtoras de TSH, optamos por iniciar o tratamento do hipotireoidismo com levotiroxina. Após 2 meses de tratamento e normalização dos níveis séricos dos hormônios tireoidianos e do TSH, nova RM mostrou hipófise de tamanho normal. A regressão do volume hipofisário após terapia com levotiroxina confirmou a hipótese diagnóstica de hiperplasia hipofisária decorrente do hipotireoidismo primário. Nossos achados reforçam a importância da avaliação dos hormônios tireoideanos e TSH na investigação de aumento de volume hipofisário prevenindo uma cirurgia desnecessária.
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Corsaro, Daniele. "Exploring LSU and ITS rDNA Sequences for Acanthamoeba Identification and Phylogeny." Microorganisms 10, no. 9 (September 3, 2022): 1776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091776.
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The identification and classification of strains of Acanthamoeba, a potentially pathogenic ubiquitous free-living amoeba, are largely based on the analysis of 18S rDNA sequences, currently delineating 23 genotypes, T1 to T23. In this study, the sequences of the ITS region, i.e., the 5.8S rDNA and the two internal transcribed spacers (ITS-1 and ITS-2), and those of the large subunit (LSU) rDNA of Acanthamoeba were recovered from amoeba genomes; the sequences are available in GenBank. The complete ITS–LSU sequences could be obtained for 15 strains belonging to 7 distinct lineages (T4A, T4D, T4F, T4G, T2, T5, and T18), and the site of the hidden break producing the 26Sα and 26Sβ was identified. For the other lines, either the LSU is partial (T2/T6, T7) or the ITS is fragmentary (T7, T10, T22). It is noteworthy that a number of sequences assigned to fungi turned out to actually be Acanthamoeba, only some of which could be affiliated with known genotypes. Analysis of the obtained sequences indicates that both ITS and LSU are promising for diagnostic and phylogenetic purposes.
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Prieto-Macías, J., T. A. Ponce-Márquez, and H. A. Arellano-Sotelo. "Hipotiroidismo e insuficiencia cardiaca." Lux Médica 6, no. 19 (September 30, 2011): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33064/19lm20111591.
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Femenina de 13 años con antecedentes familiares de hipertensión arterial sistémica (HTA) y enfermedad tiroidea. A los 9 años inició con ganancia de peso sin aumentar su apetito; letargia y disminución de su rendimiento escolar; agregándose episodios de estreñimiento. Ingresó por dolor faríngeo y tos sin ceder al tratamiento; se complicó con neumonía de focos múltiples con evolución desfavorable y necesitó ventilación mecánica asistida. Se trasladó a Unidad de Terapia Intensiva (UTI); se encontró con mixedema generalizado, bocio, estertores crepitantes; S3, hepatomegalia 2-1-1 y hepatodinia. Extremidades con adecuado llenado capilar y pulsos periféricos débiles. Signos vitales frecuencia cardiaca 70 por minuto, frecuencia respiratoria 14 por minuto, TA 110/70 mmHg. Por laboratorio se documentó elevación de azoados e insuficiencia renal mediante depuración de creatinina en orina. Perfil tiroideo TSH >100, T4t 1.55, T4l 0.198, T3t0.250. Tele de tórax con silueta cardiaca en forma de “garrafa”. Ecocardiograma: cavidades izquierdas: DD 6.83, DS 4.41, FE 37%, Septum 0.92/1.25cm, PP 0.9/1.08, Insuficiencia tricúspide leve. Movilidad segmentaria disminuida en forma global, abombamiento del septum interventricular hacia la derecha. Se manejó con diuréticos, inotrópicos y sustitución hormonal con lo que mejoró. Aunque no es frecuente que el hipotiroidismo provoque insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) sobre un corazón sano, la cronicidad y falta de tratamiento puede llevarlo a la miocardiopatía; teniendo que requerir en un futuro de transplante cardiaco.
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Corsaro, Daniele. "Acanthamoeba Mannose and Laminin Binding Proteins Variation across Species and Genotypes." Microorganisms 10, no. 11 (October 31, 2022): 2162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10112162.
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Acanthamoeba is a ubiquitous free-living amoeba capable of being an opportunistic pathogen in humans and animals. A critical step in infection is the adhesion of the amoeba to host cells and tissues, and two major parasite adhesins, mannose-binding protein (MBP) and laminin-binding protein (LBP), are known to recognize the cell surface glycoproteins and those of the extracellular matrix, respectively. In this study, the available genomes of Acanthamoeba were analysed to recover the sequences of MBP and LBP using previously published genetic data. Genes for both proteins were successfully obtained from strains belonging to various genotypes (T4A, T4D, T4G, T4F, T2, T5, T10, T22, T7 and T18), resulting in a single gene for LBP but identifying two types of MBP, MBP1 and MBP2. Phylogenetic analysis based on deduced amino acid sequences shows that both MBP and LBP have a branching pattern that is consistent with that based on 18S rDNA, indicating that changes in both proteins occurred during diversification of Acanthamoeba lines. Notably, all MBPs possess a conserved motif, shared with some bacterial C-type lectins, which could be the recognition site for mannose binding.
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Reich, Nicholas Tyler. "Truck Sluts, Petrosexual Countrysides, and Trashy Environmentalisms." TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/23289252-9475523.
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Abstract If the climate crisis, undergirded as it is by oil dependency, can be called “cis” insofar as it is driven by cisheteronormativity, then it requires a response to oil that is broadly trans—transgender, transspecies, trans-corporeal, trans-material. Rural petro-masculine iconography elides and erases our oil dependencies by pretending to a total control over fossil fuels and thereby a control over cultural and material formations of stable, binaric gender and sex. To think outside these foreclosures of both nonbinaric genders and oil's animacy, this essay introduces readers to Truck Sluts, an Instagram account that puts rural trucking culture at the center of a three-fold t4t exchange: trans-for-trans, trans-for-trucks, and a more expansive trans-for-trans* that crosses materialities. The author argues that Truck Sluts explicitly models these kinds of exchange and that doing so unseats the cisheterosexism of the petro-masculine rural, which is necessarily environmentalist work.
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Barcelos, Chris. "The Affective Politics of Care in Trans Crowdfunding." TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 28–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/23289252-9475495.
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Abstract Trans-for-trans crowdfunding is a common strategy to raise money both for gender-affirming medical care and for survival expenses related to living in a transphobic world. Although crowdfunding is infrequently successful in funding our survival needs, there have been few attempts to theorize what this form of mutual aid accomplishes. The objective of this article is to explore the possibilities and limits of trans crowdfunding as part of a critical trans political project. Drawing on the emergent body of scholarship in trans care and the cultural sites in which t4t crowdfunding circulates, this article asks: how does thinking about trans crowdfunding as an affect, labor, and politics of care help us understand its utility, even in the face of its failures to redistribute wealth and meet our material needs? The author argues that trans crowdfunding functions as a form of “complicit care” that simultaneously furthers both our marginalization and our collective liberation.
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Wykes, Til, and Stephen Schueller. "Why Reviewing Apps Is Not Enough: Transparency for Trust (T4T) Principles of Responsible Health App Marketplaces." Journal of Medical Internet Research 21, no. 5 (May 2, 2019): e12390. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/12390.
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Malatino, Hil. "Future Fatigue." TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly 6, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): 635–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/23289252-7771796.
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Abstract This essay explores the ways that teleological narratives of transition come coupled with corresponding affective narratives that frame life “pre” transition as characterized by a reductively bleak emotional surround and cathect life “post” transition to a bright-sided promise of social ease, domestic comfort, and existential peace. Building on Lauren Berlant's theorization of cruel optimism and the work of Tobias Raun and Laura Horak on video narratives of hormonal and surgical transition, I position the figuration of futurity in these narratives as generative of a form of intense anticipatory anxiety in the present, one that may actually impede the flourishing of trans subjects, particularly those who encounter difficulty accessing technologies of transition. These teleological affective narratives generate an inhabitation of the present as a dwelling in lag—a form of being out of temporal sync, left behind, with the life one desires deferred (perhaps perennially). As an ameliorative to the effects of such cruelly optimistic futural narratives, I theorize a trans for trans (t4t) praxis of love, drawing on the fantastic and dystopic imaginaries at work in the fiction of Kai Cheng Thom and Torrey Peters to account for the creative and caring acts of trans intimacy that render life in the interregnum—in the moments during transition, which may very well not have a definite end—not only livable but also, sometimes, joyous.
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Nsereko, Isa, Alex Bignotti, and Mohamed Farhoud. "Creating change through social entrepreneurship: the case of girls’ school dropouts in Uganda." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 11, no. 4 (December 9, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-05-2021-0157.
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Subject area This case focusses on social innovation and social entrepreneurship in Africa, specifically looking at behavioural characteristics of social entrepreneurs, their motivations to create social value and the application of personal initiative theory. The case discusses the self-starting proactiveness and innovation traits of the social entrepreneur. The social business model canvas will be used to analyse the social enterprise’s business model. Study level/applicability Students of social entrepreneurship, development studies, sustainable livelihoods and asset-based development. It is useful for customised or short programmes on social entrepreneurship or for students with a background in business wanting to understand social enterprise as a vehicle for social and economic change. As such, this case is written for Business Management and Entrepreneurship undergraduates or students of elective courses in social entrepreneurship (“understanding” and “remembering” learning activities under Bloom’s taxonomy). When personal initiative theory is used, the case provides an initial understanding of social entrepreneurship in a less developed context for post-graduate students and may be used for higher-order learning activities (“analysing” and “applying”). Case overview The case tells the story of Dr Engr Moses Musaazi, who is a Social Entrepreneur and Managing Director of Technology for Tomorrow (T4T). Troubled with the persistent social problems in his country. Musaazi, through T4T, strived for social innovations to reduce school dropouts of Ugandan girls. While exploring Moses’ journey for solving persistent social problems through social innovations, students will be able to understand, remember, analyse and apply Dees’ (2001) social entrepreneurial behaviours and Santos’ (2012) theory of social entrepreneurship. The case discusses what motivates African social entrepreneurs to start a social venture (Ghalwash, Tolba, & Ismail, 2017). Students will apply personal initiative theory to identify the social entrepreneurial behaviours displayed in the creation of social ventures. To exemplify and analyse the different components of social ventures’ business model, the social business model canvas by Sparviero (2019) will be introduced. Expected learning outcomes The teaching objectives are Objective 1. Students are able to remember, understand, identify and apply the social entrepreneurial behaviours as defined by Dees (2001) and the elements of Santos’ (2012) theory of social entrepreneurship to Dr Moses Musaazi’s case as a social entrepreneur. Objective 2. Students remember, understand and identify what motivates social entrepreneurs in less developed economies to create social value (Ghalwash et al., 2017). Objective 3. Early-stage postgraduate students are able to apply and analyse (also evaluate and create for higher-level post-graduates) personal initiative theory to explain the emergence of social entrepreneurial behaviour and especially how innovation, self-starting and proactiveness may lead to social entrepreneurial venture start-up (Frese, Kring, Soose, & Zempel, 1996). Objective 4. Students use the social business model canvas (Sparviero, 2019) as a tool to understand, analyse and improve a social-enterprise business model. Supplementary materials Supplementary learning materials are provided in the Teaching Note (Table 1). Table1, which includes videos and their description. Also, a link to Uganda’s sustainable development index is provided (the focus is sustainable development goals [SDGs] 3: Good health and well-being, SDG 4: Quality Education, SDG 5: Gender equality, SDG 10: Reduced inequalities). Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
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Weiss, H. R., E. Rodriguez, and J. Tse. "Relationship between cGMP and myocardial O2 consumption is altered in T4-induced cardiac hypertrophy." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 268, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): H686—H691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1995.268.2.h686.
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We tested the hypothesis that increases in guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) would reduce myocardial O2 consumption and that thyroxine (T4)-induced (0.5 mg/kg for 16 days) cardiac hypertrophy would change this relationship. Anesthetized open-chest New Zealand White rabbits were divided into four groups: control vehicle (CV, n = 7), control nitroprusside (CN, n = 6), T4 vehicle (T4V, n = 8), and T4 nitroprusside (T4N, n = 8). Vehicle or sodium nitroprusside (10(-4) M) was topically applied to the left ventricular subepicardium for 15 min. Coronary blood flow (radioactive microspheres) and O2 extraction (microspectrophotometry) were used to determine O2 consumption. Guanylate cyclase activity and cGMP were determined by radioimmunoassay. T4 increased the heart weight-to-body weight ratio from 2.7 +/- 0.1 to 3.4 +/- 0.2. Topical application of nitroprusside had no significant hemodynamic effects. Nitroprusside significantly increased myocardial cGMP in control hearts (CV = 4.1 +/- 0.3 to CN = 12.4 +/- 5.0 pmol/g) and T4 hearts (T4V = 3.9 +/- 0.3 to T4N = 5.2 +/- 0.4). The increase in the level of myocardial cGMP was significantly greater in CN (+202%) than in T4N (+33%). There were no significant differences in basal or total guanylate cyclase activity between control and T4 rabbits. Myocardial O2 consumption significantly declined in both groups during nitroprusside (10.8 +/- 1.4 for CV to 7.3 +/- 1.0 for CN (-32%) and 13.6 +/- 1.2 for T4V to 9.9 +/- 1.4 ml O2.min-1.100 g-1 for T4N (-27%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Grobler, Lara, Suzanne Ferreira, and Elmarie Terblanche. "Paralympic Sprint Performance Between 1992 and 2012." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 10, no. 8 (November 2015): 1052–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0560.
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The Paralympic Games have undergone many changes since their inception in 1960, one being the advances made in running-specific prostheses (RSPs) for track athletes with lower-limb amputations.Purpose:To investigate the sprinting-performance changes in athletes with lower-limb amputations since 1992 to assess whether the influence of developments in RSP technology is evident.Methods:The results of the Olympic and Paralympic Games ranging between 1992 and 2012 for the 100-m and 200-m were collected, and performance trends, percentage change in performance, and competition density (CD) were calculated.Results:The results indicate that the greatest performance increases were seen in athletes with lower-limb amputations (T42 = 26%, T44 = 14%). These performance improvements were greater than for Olympic athletes (<3%), as well as Paralympic athletes from other selected classes (<10%). The T42 and T44 classes also showed the lowest CD values.Discussion:These results suggest that although there is an overall trend for improved Paralympic sprint performances, RSP technology has played a noteworthy role in the progression of performances of athletes with amputations. It is also hypothesized that the difference in the performance improvements between the T42 and T44 classes is due to the level of disability and therefore the extent to which technology is required to enable locomotion.Conclusion:It is evident that RSP technology has played a significant role in the progression of performances in athletes with lower-limb amputations.
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Meng, Lingjun, Jung-Eun Park, Tae-Sung Kim, Eun Hye Lee, Suk-Youl Park, Ming Zhou, Jeong K. Bang, and Kyung S. Lee. "Bimodal Interaction of Mammalian Polo-Like Kinase 1 and a Centrosomal Scaffold, Cep192, in the Regulation of Bipolar Spindle Formation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 35, no. 15 (May 26, 2015): 2626–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00068-15.
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Serving as microtubule-organizing centers, centrosomes play a key role in forming bipolar spindles. The mechanism of how centrosomes promote bipolar spindle assembly in various organisms remains largely unknown. A recent study withXenopus laevisegg extracts suggested that the Plk1 ortholog Plx1 interacts with the phospho-T46 (p-T46) motif ofXenopusCep192 (xCep192) to form an xCep192-mediated xAurA-Plx1 cascade that is critical for bipolar spindle formation. Here, we demonstrated that in cultured human cells, Cep192 recruits AurA and Plk1 in a cooperative manner, and this event is important for the reciprocal activation of AurA and Plk1. Strikingly, Plk1 interacted with Cep192 through either the p-T44 (analogous toXenopusp-T46) or the newly identified p-S995 motif via its C-terminal noncatalytic polo-box domain. The interaction between Plk1 and the p-T44 motif was prevalent in the presence of Cep192-bound AurA, whereas the interaction of Plk1 with the p-T995 motif was preferred in the absence of AurA binding. Notably, the loss of p-T44- and p-S995-dependent Cep192-Plk1 interactions induced an additive defect in recruiting Plk1 and γ-tubulin to centrosomes, which ultimately led to a failure in proper bipolar spindle formation and mitotic progression. Thus, we propose that Plk1 promotes centrosome-based bipolar spindle formation by forming two functionally nonredundant complexes with Cep192.
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Saribekyan, E. K. "EDEMATOUS FORM OF BREAST CANCER." Russian Journal of Oncology 17, no. 2 (April 15, 2012): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/onco39917.
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By examining the data available in the literature and their findings, the author draws the conclusion that skin and tissue edema in the breast is due to the biological feature of its tumor and the features of lymph and blood circulation in the perifocal area and breast. Primary edema should be considered to mean skin edema without an underlying tumor, which may designed as category T4b and T4d in the TNM classification. Cases of concomitant edema due to universal causes (major tumor resolution, skin tumor ingrowth with ulceration and inflammation) should be referred to as secondary edema. Due to the pronounced features of its development and treatment policy, breast cancer with primary edema should be identified as a separate group (for example, inflammatory cancer has been classified as T4d), rather than be considered with cases of skin ulceration designated the index T4b of Stage IIIB in the international TNM classification.
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Gómez-Montiel, Noel Orlando, Miguel Ángel Cantú-Almaguer, Mauro Sierra-Macías, César Del Ángel Hernández-Galeno, Alejandro Espinosa-Calderón, and Marino González-Camarillo. "Maíz híbrido H-565, nueva versión del H-507 para el trópico bajo de México." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas 4, no. 5 (May 8, 2018): 819–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v4i5.1181.
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Un logro importante para incrementar la producción de maíz en el Trópico bajo de México y otras regiones similares de clima cálido, es la generación de nuevos híbridos, Para esta región uno del los materiales generado por el INIFAP que ha presentado amplia adaptación a todo el Trópico de México y Centro América con excelentes rendimientos de grano y que actualmente se sigue sembrando a nivel comercial es el H-507; sin embargo, presenta algunas características que no favorecían la máxima expresión de su rendimiento potencial. Después de diez años de mejoramiento convergente, en 2005 se obtuvieron varias versiones de la línea T12 recobrada, las cuales se recombinaron para formar una población de la cual se derivaron nuevas líneas, entre ellas la línea T12 RC93 que se registró como T48. Por otra parte, la línea T11 se seleccionó per se hacía planta y mazorca más bajas, y después del proceso de mejoramiento se obtuvo la línea mejorada T11 registrándose como T47. La cruza simple de estas dos líneas (T48 x T47) generó un híbrido de porte intermedio el cual fue cruzado con varias líneas élite, siendo la mejor cruza trilineal (T48 x T47) x LT154. Dando como resultado el híbrido H-565 formado con las líneas T11 y T12 mejoradas, por lo que el 50 % de su germoplasma es del H-507. De esta forma actualmente se ofrece al productor maicero del Trópico Bajo de México el híbrido H-507 mejorado (H-565) con mejores características agronómicas y de la misma adaptación al trópico.
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Agourram, Bouchra, Véronique Bach, Pierre Tourneux, Gérard Krim, Stéphane Delanaud, and Jean-Pierre Libert. "Why wrapping premature neonates to prevent hypothermia can predispose to overheating." Journal of Applied Physiology 108, no. 6 (June 2010): 1674–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00799.2009.
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Wrapping low-birth-weight neonates in a plastic bag prevents body heat loss. A bonnet can also be used, since large amounts of heat can be lost from the head region, but may provide too much thermal insulation, thus increasing the risk of overheating. We assessed the time required to reach warning body temperature ( t38°C), heat stroke ( t40°C), or extreme value ( t43°C) in a mathematical model that involved calculating various local body heat losses. Simulated heat exchanges were based on body surface temperature distribution measured in preterm neonates exposed to 33°C air temperature (relative air humidity: 35%; air velocity: <0.1 m/s) and covered (torso and limbs) or not with a transparent plastic bag. We also compared metabolic heat production with body heat losses when a bonnet (2 or 3.5 mm thick) covered 10%, 40%, or 100% of the head. Wrapping neonates in a bag (combined or not with a bonnet) does not induce a critical situation as long as metabolic heat production does not increase. When endogenous heat production rises, t38°C ranged between 75 and 287, t40°C between 185 and 549, and t43°C between 287 and 702 min. When this increase was accompanied by a fall in skin temperature, overheating risk was accentuated (37 ≤ t38°C ≤ 45; 99 ≤ t40°C ≤117; 169 ≤ t43°C ≤ 194 min). Thus plastic bag and bonnet may result in hyperthermia but only when metabolic heat production rises while skin temperature falls (impeding body heat losses), as can sometimes happen with fever.
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Hasegawa, Junichi, Tsunekazu Mizushima, Ho Min Kim, Yasuhiro Miyake, Hiroyoshi Takemoto, Hiroshi Tamagawa, Shingo Noura, et al. "Neoadjuvant capecitabine and oxaliplatin (XELOX) with bevacizumab for locally advanced rectal cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2013): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.4_suppl.566.
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566 Background: Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by surgery is a standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. Although preoperative CRT decreases local recurrence (LR), pelvic radiation is associated with long-term morbidity. We conducted this study to evaluate the feasibility of neoadjuvant XELOX with bevacizumab (Bmab) in patients (pts) with locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods: Pts with T4 or lymph node (LN) positive rectal cancer were treated with 3 cycles of XELOX with Bmab and one additional cycle of XELOX. Total mesorectal excision was performed 3-8 weeks after the last chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was to assess feasibility and secondary endpoints were R0 resection rate, down staging rate, pathological complete response (pCR) rate and pathological effect over grade 2 (tumor cell death in more than two-thirds of the entire lesion). Results: Twenty five pts were recruited between December 2009 and November 2011. Characteristics of pts were as the following: male/female, 18/7; median age, 63 years (range, 37-75); median diameter of tumor, 52.8mm (range, 38.3-110); T2-T3/T4a/T4b, 7/8/10 and N0/N1/N2, 3/14/8. In 4% of the pts (7 pts), following grade 3-4 adverse events occurred; neutropenia, hypertension, bleeding, rectal obstruction, pelvic infection, anorexia and nausea. The down staging rate of T2-T3/T4a/T4b and N1/N2 were 29/63/50 % and 86/63 %, respectively. Seven pts (28%) discontinued the treatment after 2-3 cycles of XELOX with Bmab (13% in T2-T4a, 50% in T4b). The rate of conducting surgery was 92% and all of them had R0 resections. Postoperative complications were found in 9 pts (39%). The pCR rate was 4%, and the rate of pathological effect over grade 2 was 61%. Two LR (LN positive) and two distant recurrences (1 lung, 1 liver) were reported. Conclusions: XELOX with Bmab followed by surgery was safely performed for locally advanced rectal cancer. The down staging rate was 50% even in T4b pts although half of T4b pts discontinued the study treatment. Based on these preliminary results, we are planning a phase II trial of perioperative XELOX and surgery in locally advanced rectal cancer. Clinical trial information: 000003219.
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Shinomiya, H., N. Uehara, T. Fujita, K. Yoshida, Y. Imamura, M. Teshima, H. Kimura, et al. "New proposal to revise the classification for squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal and middle ear." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 135, no. 4 (March 31, 2021): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221512100089x.
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AbstractBackgroundThe prognosis of patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal and middle ear has been improved by advances in skull base surgery and multidrug chemoradiotherapy during the last two decades.MethodsNinety-five patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal and middle ear who were treated between 1998 and 2017 were enrolled. The number of patients with tumour stages T1, T2, T3 and T4 was 15, 22, 24 and 34, respectively. Oncological outcomes and prognostic factors were retrospectively investigated.ResultsAmong patients with T4 disease, invasion of the brain (p = 0.024), carotid artery (p = 0.049) and/or jugular vein (p = 0.040) were significant predictors of poor prognosis. The five-year overall survival rate of patients with at least one of these factors (T4b) was significantly lower than that of patients without these factors (T4a) (25.5 vs 65.5 per cent, p = 0.049).ConclusionIt is proposed that stage T4 be subclassified into T4a and T4b according to the prognostic factors.
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Siddhartha, Thota, and B. Kanchana. "A study on role of neo adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced non-metastatic breast cancer." International Surgery Journal 5, no. 6 (May 24, 2018): 2110. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20181999.
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Background: Nearly 1.7 million new breast cancer cases were diagnosed worldwide in 2012.Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. Globally, breast cancer now represents one in four of all cancers in women. breast cancer has ranked number one cancer among Indian females with age adjusted rate as high as 25.8 per 100,00 women and mortality 12.7 per 100,000 women. Around 90,000 new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed every year in India and majority present as Locally Advanced Breast Cancer (LABC). Neo adjuvant chemotherapy is a commonly used modality for LABC, that gives an upfront systemic therapy in high risk patients with expected micro metastatic burden and also helps in down staging the disease and offering radical cure.Methods: All Locally Advanced Non-Metastatic Breast Carcinoma (T3 N0, T3 N1, T4a, T4b, T4c, Any N2/N3, MO patients who received Neo Adjuvant Chemotherapy and underwent surgery were included. All these patients received 5-Fluorouracil, Adriamycin and Cyclophosphamide (FAC) regime, following therapy patients were offered either Modified Radical Mastectomy or Breast Conservative Surgery with axillary node dissection and Radiotherapy.Results: Complete response was achieved in 20 (66.6%) patients,3 (10%) of the patients had partial response and 7 (23.3%) progressed clinically.Conclusions: Neo adjuvant chemotherapy helped to study response of tumour size to NAC, down stage disease and to convert inoperable cases to resectability.
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Mohamad Nasir, Nur Alia Farina, Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir, Miszaina Osman, Muhamad Safwan Abd Rahman, Ungku Anisa Ungku Amirulddin, Mohd Solehin Mohd Nasir, Nur Hazirah Zaini, and Nik Hakimi Nik Ali. "Influence of Lightning Current Parameters and Earthing System Designs on Tower Footing Impedance of 500 kV Lines." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 4, 2021): 4736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164736.
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This paper presents an optimum earthing system design for improving the lightning performance of a 500 kV transmission line for its sustainable operation. The study includes an interpretation of the soil profile and compares the results between default and new earthing arrangements for improving tower footing resistance and tower footing impedance. An evaluation of the tower footing resistance (TFR) and impedance (Ri) before and after earthing improvement was carried out. Moreover, the effects of TFR and Ri, also known as low and high-frequency earthing, respectively, based on a specification of TFR and soil resistivity (SR) ranges at various sites were also considered. The analysis was carried out using the SESCAD tool of Current Distribution Electromagnetic Field Grounding and Soil Structure Analysis software (CDEGS) and PSCAD/EMTDC software for low and high frequency earthing, respectively. From the analysis, the results showed that the new earthing arrangement reduced the TFR by 74.11% for Tower T40, 75.71% for Tower T41 and 80.83% for Tower T42. For Ri, the results also demonstrated that the values were significantly decreased below the TFR during a high frequency operation due to the soil ionisation phenomenon that took place during the lightning. All these improvements are now being investigated and studied in all 500 kV networks in Malaysia, where lightning is considered as a major threat in relation to power outages.
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Weiss, Harvey R., and James Tse. "Myocardial metabolic and functional responses to acetylcholine are altered in thyroxine-induced cardiac hypertrophy." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 73, no. 6 (June 1, 1995): 729–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y95-095.
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We tested the hypothesis that acetylcholine would reduce myocardial O2 consumption and function, and that thyroxine (T4, 0.5 mg/kg for 16 days) induced cardiac hypertrophy would change this relationship. Anesthetized open-chest New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups: control–vehicle (CV, n = 8), control–acetylcholine (CA, n = 10), T4–vehicle (T4V, n = 9), and T4-acetylcholine (T4A, n = 10). Either vehicle or acetylcholine (10−3 M) was topically applied to the left ventricular surface. Coronary blood flow (radioactive microspheres) and O2 extraction (microspectrophotometry) were used to determine O2 consumption, and muscarinic receptor density and affinity were also determined. T4 increased the heart weight/body weight ratio from 2.6 ± 0.1 to 3.4 ± 0.1. T4-treated animals had higher heart rates, blood pressures, and left ventricular dP/dtmax than control rabbits. Topical acetylcholine depressed hemodynamic parameters with a greater decrement in pressures and cardiac output in the T4A group (CA, −25%, T4A, −40%). Myocardial O2 consumption and coronary blood flow were higher in the T4-treated hearts. Myocardial O2 consumption significantly declined in both groups during acetylcholine, but the reduction was greater in the T4-treated hearts (CV 7.9 ± 0.4 to CA 5.8 ± 0.6 and T4V 18.8 ± 3.0 to T4A 7.3 ± 1.0 mL O2∙min−1∙100 g−1). Muscarinic receptor density (Bmax) was elevated by 41% in the T4-treated hearts, but affinity (Kd) was not altered. Thus, the T4-treated hearts responded to acetylcholine to a greater extent than control hearts in terms of functional and O2 consumption decrements. This may, in part, be related to the elevated number of muscarinic receptors in the T4-treated rabbit hearts.Key words: thyroxine, cardiac hypertrophy, acetylcholine, muscarinic receptors, coronary blood flow, myocardial O2 consumption, rabbit.
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Megha, Kirti, Megha Sharma, Amit Gupta, Rakesh Sehgal, and Sumeeta Khurana. "Sub-Genotyping of Acanthamoeba T4 Complex: Experience from North India." Parasitologia 3, no. 1 (February 19, 2023): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/parasitologia3010009.
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The Acanthamoeba genus comprises the free-living amoebae that are ubiquitously present as opportunistic pathogens. They cause serious human diseases—for instance, Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK), granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE), cutaneous acanthamoebiasis and disseminated infections. The traditional method for classifying Acanthamoeba was based on the morphological examination of cysts. However, this method was less consistent as the morphology of cysts changes with the culture conditions. After the advent of molecular techniques, genotyping is considered an essential tool in accurately identifying Acanthamoeba at the species level and is further helpful in classification up to the sub-genotype level. The most recommended and currently used methods for Acanthamoeba genotyping are 18S and 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Based on these two genes, Acanthamoeba is classified into 23 genotypes. Out of these, it is the T4 genotype that is most commonly associated with clinical disease and isolation from environmental samples. The T4 genotype contains more than ten species within it. Differences in geographical distribution, virulence, pathogenesis and drug susceptibility profile have been observed among different genotypes. However, whether such differences exist within sub-genotypes/species under T4 is yet unknown. In the present study, 11 Acanthamoeba isolates, which were already characterized as the T4 genotype by the hypervariable region of diagnostic fragment 3 (DF3) of the 18S rDNA, were sub-genotyped using the 16S rDNA mitochondrial sequence. Nine of these were isolated from patients with AK and two from water samples. Phylogenetic analysis of these isolates attributed them to four sub-genotypes (T4a (n = 6), T4b (n = 1), T4Neff (n = 2) and T4d (n = 2)). The study highlights the potential use of 16S in the sub-genotyping of Acanthamoeba T4. The 16S rDNA sequences of two isolates, one from an Acanthamoebic keratitis (AK) patient and one environmental, were found to group with A. mauritaniensis (T4d). This group was believed to be a non-pathogenic environmental Acanthamoeba and the identification of the AK isolate may be confirmed by whole-genome sequencing.
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Patel, Evan J., Jamie R. Oliver, Alec Vaezi, Zujun Li, Michael Persky, Moses Tam, Kenneth S. Hu, Adam S. Jacobson, and Babak Givi. "Primary Surgical Treatment in Very Advanced (T4b) Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinomas." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 165, no. 3 (January 5, 2021): 431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599820984358.
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Objectives To describe patterns of primary surgical treatments in patients with T4b oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). Study Design Historical cohort study. Setting National Cancer Database. Methods Review of the National Cancer Database between 2004 and 2017 for all T4b OCSCCs. Only patients with curative treatment methods were included in the survival analysis. Surgical and nonsurgical outcomes were compared by multivariable and propensity score matching analysis. Results A total of 1515 cases of T4b OCSCC were identified. A minority of patients (n = 363, 24.0%) underwent curative treatment; among these, 206 (56.7%) underwent primary surgery. Median length of follow-up was 24 months. The 90-day mortality of patients who underwent surgical treatment was 1.0%. The 2-year survival was higher for patients who underwent surgery + chemoradiotherapy (CRT) as compared with CRT (64.6% vs 45.2%, P < .001). On multivariable analysis, surgery + CRT was associated with longer survival. In a propensity score–matched cohort of 312 patients, 2-year survival remained higher in the surgical group versus the nonsurgical group (59.4% vs 45.5%, P = .02). Among patients who underwent surgery + CRT, there was no difference in 2-year survival between clinical T4a and T4b (59% vs 64.6%, P = .20). Conclusions A minority of patients with T4b OCSCC undergo treatments with curative intent. A subset of patients underwent primary surgical treatment, which was associated with longer survival. The T4b classification might entail a heterogenous group, and further studies in revision of this classification might be justified.
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Minckwitz, G. Von, S. Kümmel, P. Vogel, C. Hanusch, H. Eidtmann, J. Hilfrich, B. Gerber, J. Huober, S. D. Costa, and S. Loibl. "Inflammatory and locally advanced breast cancer respond similar to operable breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy: Results from 278 patients with cT4a-d tumors of the GeparTRIO trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.542.
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542 Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the treatment of choice in patients with T4a-c and inflammatory (T4d) breast cancer. However, data on large-scale, multicentre, prospective trials are missing. In the GeparTRIO study (SABCS 2006, abstr. 42) 278 of 2,090 patients with cT4a-c or T4d tumors were included as a separate stratum for inoperable disease for a prospectively planned analysis. Methods: Patients were treated with 2 cycles TAC (docetaxel 75 mg/m2, doxorubicin 50 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2, q d 21). If tumor reduction was >50%, patients were randomized to receive 4 or 6 additional TAC cycles. If tumor reduction was less, patients were randomized to 4 additional TAC cycles or to 4 NX cycles (vinorelbine 25 mg/m2 day 1 + 8, capecitabine 2,000 mg/m2 day 1 14, q21). Efficacy endpoints were pCR-rate (no invasive and no non-invasive residuals in breast and lymph nodes) (primary), clinical response before surgery and breast conserving therapy (BCT) rate (secondary). Results: 95 (4.6%) T4d, 183 (8.9%) cT4a-c, and 1,767 (86.4%) T1–3 tumors were registered in GeparTRIO within 36 months. Patients with inoperable/operable tumors had a median age of 53.9/49.0 years, median cT size: 7.0/4.0cm, cN+: 75.6/52.0%, ductal: 76.3/78.4%, lobular: 14.0/13.5%, multiple lesions: 28.5/19.5%, grade 3: 34.8/39.9%, hormone receptor (HR) neg: 24.7/36.6%, HER-2 pos: 41.0/35.5%. Response rates for T4d, T4a-c, T1–3 were 8.4, 10.9, 17.5% (pCR, p=0.007), 36.7, 59.4, 72.6% (palpation after 2 cycles TAC, p<0.0001), 64.2, 62.3, 77.8% (palpation before surgery, p<0.0001), 52.6, 51.9, 67.4% (ultrasound before surgery, p<0.0001). BCT was performed in 12.6, 31.7, 69.5% (p<0.0001). Response after two cycles, negative HR content, young age, high grade, ductal type, but not tumor stage or size, were independent predictors for pCR in the total population. Conclusions: Inflammatory and cT4a-c breast carcinomas, compared to cT1–3 tumors, show less favorable tumor characteristics but a comparable pattern of response to TAC/NX. These patients do not need separate neoadjuvant trials. [Table: see text]
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Ashraf, Mohammad, Md Shamim Akhter, and Mohammad Ansari. "Nonlinear bi-skew Jordan-type derivations on factor von Neumann algebras." Filomat 37, no. 17 (2023): 5591–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil2317591a.
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Let T be a factor von Neumann algebra acting on complex Hilbert space with dim(T) ? 2. For any T, T1, T2,..., Tn ? T, define q1(T) = T, q2(T1, T2) = T1 ? T2 = T1T+ 2 + T2T+ 1 and qn(T1,..., Tn) = qn?1(T1,..., Tn?1) ? Tn for all integers n ? 2. In this article, we prove that a map ? : T ? T satisfies ?(qn(T1,..., Tn)) = Pni =1 qn(T1,..., Ti?1, ?(Ti), Ti+1,..., Tn) for all T1,..., Tn ? T if and only if ? is an additive *-derivation.
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Liang, Yu, Xingxiang Huang, Zhe Song, Yang Yang, Ju Lei, Mei Ren, Li Tan, and Hui Zhang. "Clinical study of ultrasonic evaluation of T/N staging of differentiated thyroid carcinoma using AJCC 8th staging criteria." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 16, 2022): e0269994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269994.
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Objective To explore the value of ultrasound in evaluating T/N staging of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Methods The clinical data of 1206 patients with DTC in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Cervical ultrasound was performed before surgery, and the standard ultrasound images of thyroid nodules and cervical lymph nodes I to VII were retained. According to the 8th TNM staging guidelines of AJCC DTC, the T/N stages were assessed by preoperative ultrasonic data. Then, the sensitivity, specificity, negative predicted value, positive predicted value (PPV), and diagnostic value of ultrasound T/N staging were assessed using postoperative pathological staging as the reference. Results Ultrasonic T-stage had good consistency to pathological T stage in T4a and T4b tumors (kappa value>0.75), and moderate consistency to pathological T stage in T1, T2 and T3a tumors (kappa value between 0.4 and 0.75). ultrasonic T-stage had a sensitivity higher than 66%, except in T3b assessment (13/44, 29.5%, 95%CI: 16.1%-43.0%). All ultrasonic T-stage had specificity higher than 93%, except in T1b assessment (734/889, 82.6%, 95%CI: 80.1%-85.1%). The PPV of ultrasonic T1a to T4b was 94.3% (494/524), 61.0% (242/397), 54.4% (87/160), 34.3% (12/35), 20.3% (13/64), 100% (22/22) and 100% (4/4), respectively. The diagnostic accuracy values were 83% in T1a, 81% in T1b, 91% in T2, 98% in T3a, 93% in T3b, 99% in T4a and 100% in T4b. Nltrasonic N-stage had poor consistency to pathological N stage in any N stages (kappa value<0.3). The PPV of ultrasonic N0, N1, N1a and N1b was 61.0% (542/889), 55.2% (37/67), 48.2% (53/110), and 24.3% (34/140), respectively. Conclusion Ultrasound has a good consistency and high accuracy in assessing the T-stage of DTC. However, the consistency and accuracy were poor in N-staging. It has a certain reference value in reducing excessive surgical treatment of DTC.
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Garcia-Granero, Eduardo, Matteo Frasson, Salvador Pous, and Andres Cervantes. "T4a and T4b Colorectal Cancer." Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 55, no. 11 (November 2012): e367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dcr.0b013e31826915d8.
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Warsi, Warsi, and Nanik Sulistyani. "The Optimization of Secondary Metabolite Production Time and Screening Antibacterial Activity of Actinomycetes Isolate from Tin Plant Rizosfer (Ficus carica)." Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium 7, no. 1 (May 3, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29238/teknolabjournal.v7i1.120.
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Some Actinomycetes isolates of tin plant (Ficus carica L.) have been obtained, namely T24M, T18, T19, T24, T25, T34, T37, T41 and T43. The aim of this study were to optimize the production of secondary metabolites (antibiotics) and screening antibacterial activity against Methicillin Resistant Staphyllococcus aureus (MRSA) from the Actinomycetes isolate of the tin rhizosphere. The study was performed with test an activity of the culture fluid from Actinomycetes isolate against MRSA by the well method. The result of optimization secondary metabolite production showed that the second day was the best incubation time to harvest antibiotics. The results showed that bacterial isolates of T24M produced antibiotics that could inhibit MRSA growth.
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Wang, Zhengshi, Qian Zhang, Hongmei Ye, Chengyou Jia, Zhongwei Lv, Jun Liu, and Zhiqiang Yin. "TUMOR SIZE IS AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF MORTALITY RISK IN DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CANCER PATIENTS WITH T4 DISEASE." Endocrine Practice 26, no. 5 (May 2020): 499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.4158/ep-2019-0385.
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Objective: The eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) guideline on the tumor-node-metastasis staging system has been applied in clinical practice for thyroid cancer since 2018. However, using these criteria, a few studies have shown no significant difference between stage III and IV diseases amongst the differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients. Thus, we aimed to study the underlying reason behind this observation. Methods: Patients were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 2004 and 2015. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for the univariate and multivariate analyses to plot the Kaplan-Meier survival curves for overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). Results: A total of 1,431 patients had a median tumor size of 3.0 cm (range: 0.1 to 50 cm). When stratified by tumor size (≤2 cm, 2 to 4 cm, and >4 cm), lower survival rates were observed in patients with stage III (T4a) cancer and large tumor size than in those with stage IVA (T4b) cancer and small tumor size. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that tumor size (≤4 cm versus >4 cm) is an independent prognostic factor for OS ( P<.001) and DSS ( P<.001) in DTC patients with T4a and T4b diseases. Conclusion: Tumor size is an independent prognostic factor for OS and DSS in DTC patients with T4 disease; tumor size-related modification of the T4 category can improve the AJCC staging system for DTC patient with stage III–IV diseases. Abbreviations: AJCC = American Joint Committee on Cancer; CI = confidence interval; DSS = disease-specific survival; DTC = differentiated thyroid cancer; FTC = follicular thyroid cancer; HR = hazard ratio; OS = overall survival; PTC = papillary thyroid cancer; SEER = Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results; TNM = tumor-node-metastasis
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Gunderson, Leonard L., John Milburn Jessup, Daniel J. Sargent, Frederick L. Greene, and Andrew Stewart. "Revised Tumor and Node Categorization for Rectal Cancer Based on Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results and Rectal Pooled Analysis Outcomes." Journal of Clinical Oncology 28, no. 2 (January 10, 2010): 256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.23.9194.
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Purpose The sixth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) rectal cancer staging subdivided stage II into IIA (T3N0) and IIB (T4N0) and stage III into IIIA (T1-2N1M0), IIIB (T3-4N1M0), and IIIC (anyTN2M0). Subsequent analyses supported revised substaging of stage III as a result of improved survival with T1-2N2 versus T3-4N2 and survival of T4N1 more similar to T3-4N2 than T3N1. The AJCC Hindgut Taskforce sought population-based validation that depth of invasion interacts with nodal status to affect survival. Methods Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) population-based data from January 1992 to December 2004 for 35,829 patients with rectal cancer were compared with rectal pooled analysis data (3,791 patients). T4N0 cancers were stratified by tumors that perforate visceral peritoneum (T4a) versus tumors that invade or are adherent to adjacent organs or structures (T4b). N1 and N2 were stratified by number of positive nodes as follows: N1a/N1b (one v two to three nodes) and N2a/N2b (four to six v ≥ seven nodes). Five-year observed and relative survival rates were obtained for each TN category. Results SEER rectal cancer analyses confirm that T1-2N2 cancers have better prognosis than T3-4N2, T4bN1 have similar prognosis to T4N2, T1-2N1 have similar prognosis to T2N0/T3N0, and T1-2N2a have similar prognosis to T2N0/T3N0 (T1N2a) or T4aN0 (T2N2a). Prognosis for T4a lesions is better than T4b by N category. The number of positive nodes affects prognosis. Conclusion This SEER population-based rectal cancer analysis validates the rectal pooled analyses and supports the shift of T1-2N2 lesions from IIIC to IIIA or IIIB and T4bN1 from IIIB to IIIC. SEER outcomes support subdividing T4, N1, and N2 and revised substaging of stages II and III. Survival by TN category suggests a complex biologic interaction between depth of invasion and nodal status.
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Gunderson, Leonard L., John Milburn Jessup, Daniel J. Sargent, Frederick L. Greene, and Andrew K. Stewart. "Revised TN Categorization for Colon Cancer Based on National Survival Outcomes Data." Journal of Clinical Oncology 28, no. 2 (January 10, 2010): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.24.0952.
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Purpose The sixth edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Cancer Staging Manual for colon cancer subdivided stage II into IIA (T3N0) and IIB (T4N0) and stage III into IIIA (T1-2N1M0), IIIB (T3-4N1M0), and IIIC (anyTN2M0). Subsequent analyses supported revised substaging of stage III because of improved survival for T1-2N2 versus T3-4N2 and T4N1 survival was more similar to T3-4N2 than to T3N1. The AJCC Hindgut Taskforce sought population-based validation that depth of invasion and nodal status interact to affect survival. Patients and Methods Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) population-based data from January 1992 to December 2004 for 109,953 colon cancer patients were compared with National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) data on 134,206 patients. T4N0 cancers were stratified by tumors that perforate visceral peritoneum (T4a) versus tumors that invade or are adherent to adjacent organs or structures (T4b). N1 and N2 were stratified by number of involved positive lymph nodes (N+): N1a/N1b (1 v 2-3), N2a/N2b (4 to 6 v ≥ 7). Five-year observed and relative survival data were obtained for each TN category. Results SEER colon cancer analyses confirm that patients with T1-2N0 cancers have better survival than T3N0, T3N0 better than T4N0, T1-2N2 better than T3-4N2, and T4bN1 similar to T4N2. Patients with T4a lesions have better survival than T4b by N category. The number of positive nodes affects survival for each T category. Conclusion This SEER population-based colon cancer analysis is highly consistent with rectal cancer pooled analysis and SEER rectal cancer analyses, supporting the shift of T1-2N2 lesions from IIIC to IIIA/IIIB, shifting T4bN1 from IIIB to IIIC, subdividing T4/N1/N2, and revising substaging of stages II/III. Survival outcomes by TN category for colon and rectal cancer are strikingly similar.
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Harfouche, Tieme Breternitz, Ana Paula Dalla Corte, Marieli Ruza, and Alexandre Behling. "USO DE APLICATIVOS EM SMARTPHONE PARA MEDIÇÕES DE ÁRVORES." BIOFIX Scientific Journal 4, no. 1 (January 6, 2019): 07. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/biofix.v4i1.62532.
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Este trabalho visou verificar a precisão de aplicativos de smartphone para medir indiretamente a altura de árvores e a distância entre o operador e a árvore. Como testemunha para medir altura, adotou-se o Hipsômetro Vertex IV (T0a) e, para distância, a variável medida com trena (T0b). Foram selecionadas 30 árvores isoladas do Campus da Universidade Federal do Paraná em Curitiba - PR e 30 árvores pertencentes à um plantio de Eucalyptus sp. na Fazenda Experimental Canguiri em Pinhais – PR. Foram 7 tratamentos testados para altura: Smart Measure (T1a), sMeasure (T2a), Distance meter (T3a), Hypsometer (T4a), 3D-Prumo (T5a), Height and Distance (T6a) e Tree-H (T7a). Foram 8 tratamentos para medir distância: Smart Measure (T1b), sMeasure (T2b), Distance meter (T3b), Hypsometer (T4b), 3D-Prumo (T5b), Height and Distance (T6b), Easy Measure (T7b) e Smart Distance (T8b). Avaliou-se a precisão dos aplicativos com o teste t de Student pareado com 5% de significância em relação às testemunhas e cálculo dos erros. Para altura em árvores isoladas, o tratamento T2a apresentou diferença estatística a probabilidade de 5%. O tratamento T6a obteve menor erro (2,48 m). No plantio de Eucalyptus sp., os tratamentos T1a, T6a e T7a apresentaram diferenças significativas e T3a obteve menor erro (2,99 m). Para a medição de distância em árvores isoladas, os tratamentos T4b e T6b não apresentaram diferença e T4b apresentou menor erro (2,28 m). No plantio, todos apresentaram diferença estatística. A incorporação de aplicativos para smartphones é alternativa para uso em inventários florestais para alturas. Para distâncias, deve-se ter cautela.
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Güth, Wight, and Singer. "Mammakarzinome mit nichtinflammatorischer Hautbeteiligung: Neue Daten revidieren das traditionelle Bild einer «klassischen» kliniko-pathologischen Entität." Praxis 95, no. 47 (November 1, 2006): 1829–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157.95.47.1829.
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Historisch begründet führt die Hautbeteiligung bei Mammakarzinomen zur Klassifikation des Tumors in die höchste Tumorkategorie, bzw. in das höchste nichtmetastasierte Tumorstadium (aktuelle TNM-Klassifikation: T4/Stadium III). Das wohl wichtigste Prinzip des TNM-Klassifikationssystems ist jedoch die Beachtung der Grundregel, dass homogene Gruppen von Tumoren ähnlicher Ausdehnung und ähnlicher Prognose in einer Stadienkategorie zusammengefasst werden sollten. Neuere Studien belegen, dass die TNM-Stadieneinteilung zu revidieren ist, da zurzeit nur aufgrund des Parameters «Hautbeteiligung» unterschiedliche Subgruppen von Tumoren mit stark differierenden prognostischen und therapeutischen Konsequenzen in einer Stadiengruppe zusammengefasst sind. Entsprechend ist unsere Empfehlung, dass die mit den TNM-Kategorien T4a–c klassifizierten Karzinome lediglich durch ihre Tumorgrösse eingeteilt werden sollten. Die T4-Kategorie sollte nur noch die prognostisch sehr ungünstigen inflammatorischen Karzinome (T4d) beinhalten.
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Jossier, Mathieu, Yanpei Liu, Sophie Massot, and Michael Hodges. "Enzymatic Properties of Recombinant Phospho-Mimetic Photorespiratory Glycolate Oxidases from Arabidopsis thaliana and Zea mays." Plants 9, no. 1 (December 24, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9010027.
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In photosynthetic organisms, the photorespiratory cycle is an essential pathway leading to the recycling of 2-phosphoglycolate, produced by the oxygenase activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, to 3-phosphoglycerate. Although photorespiration is a widely studied process, its regulation remains poorly understood. In this context, phosphoproteomics studies have detected six phosphorylation sites associated with photorespiratory glycolate oxidases from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtGOX1 and AtGOX2). Phosphorylation sites at T4, T158, S212 and T265 were selected and studied using Arabidopsis and maize recombinant glycolate oxidase (GOX) proteins mutated to produce either phospho-dead or phospho-mimetic enzymes in order to compare their kinetic parameters. Phospho-mimetic mutations (T4D, T158D and T265D) led to a severe inhibition of GOX activity without altering the KM glycolate. In two cases (T4D and T158D), this was associated with the loss of the cofactor, flavin mononucleotide. Phospho-dead versions exhibited different modifications according to the phospho-site and/or the GOX mutated. Indeed, all T4V and T265A enzymes had kinetic parameters similar to wild-type GOX and all T158V proteins showed low activities while S212A and S212D mutations had no effect on AtGOX1 activity and AtGOX2/ZmGO1 activities were 50% reduced. Taken together, our results suggest that GOX phosphorylation has the potential to modulate GOX activity.
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Jung, Sung Min, Dae Young Cheung, Jin Il Kim, Jae J. Kim, Sang Woo Lee, and Hyun Chae Jung. "Staging of gastric cancer: Comparison of post-operative pathologic staging to pre-operative CT and endoscopic ultrasonographic staging." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2016): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.4_suppl.11.
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11 Background: Stomach CT and endoscopic ultrasonography are used for evaluating pre-operative staging of gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to compare the pre-operative CT and endoscopic ultrasonographic staging to post-operative pathologic staging. Methods: We reviewed medical records of 567 patients with gastric cancer from 2012 to 2015, and compared their pre-operative CT staging to post-operative pathologic staging. Among the 567 patients, 149 patients underwent pre-operative endoscopic ultrasonographic staging, so we compared their pre-operative endoscopic ultrasonographic staging to post-operative pathologic staging. We also investigated lymph node metastasis in 146 patients with gastric cancer invading submucosa, planning to undergo endoscopic submucosal dissection. Results: The numbers of patients diagnosed as T1, T2, T3, T41, and T4b by pre-operative CT staging were 327, 97, 93, 46, and 4, respectively. However, the numbers of patients diagnosed as T1, T2, T3, T41, and T4b by post-operative pathologic staging were 208, 153, 53, 83, 62, and 8, resulting the pre-operative CT staging to be under-estimated. Similarly, pre-operative endoscopic ultrasonographic staging was also under-estimated, as although 48, 67, 32, and 2 patients were diagnosed as T1a, T1b, T2, and T3, respectively, by the pre-operative endoscopic ultrasonographic staging, post-operative pathologic staging revealed 72, 55, 13, 7, and 2 patients. In patients with gastric cancer invading submucosa (sm), there were 56 patients with sm1 invasion, 32 patients with sm2 invasion, and 91 patients with sm3 invasion. Lymph node metastasis was observed in 7 patients with sm1 invasion, 3 patients with sm2 invasion, and 22 patients with sm3 invasion. Poorly cohesive gastric cancer was the most common pathologic diagnosis in patients with metastatic lymph node. Conclusions: Physicians should keep in mind that pre-operative stomach CT and endoscopic ultrasonographic staging can be under-estimated compared to post-operative pathologic staging. Also, patients with poorly cohesive adenocarcinoma had more lymph node metastasis than patients with differentiated adenocarcinoma.
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Jiang, Ren-Peng, Xue-Jiao Xiong, Xue-Shan Qiu, En-Hua Wang, and Guang-Ping Wu. "The Morphological Analysis of Cells in the Peritoneal Washing Fluids of Patients with Gastric Cancer." Cell Transplantation 28, no. 11 (August 1, 2019): 1384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963689719864318.
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The cytology of peritoneal washing fluids for gastric cancer is the most basic method for judging peritoneal micrometastasis. However, the clinical value of this method is not clear at present. A retrospective analysis was performed on 277 patients with pathologically proven and surgically treated gastric cancer. The peritoneal washing fluids were collected after opening the abdomen and before the operation, and were sent to the cytology laboratory for screening of occult cancer cells in the collected washing fluids. The number of cases diagnosed as cancer cells, reactive mesothelial cells, serosal balls, and traumatic mesothelial cells were 42, 18, 27, and 190, respectively. Typical adenocarcinoma cell nests were found in eight of 10 T4b samples, whereas 34 cases of cancer cells in T3 and T4a showed that these cell nests usually contained mesothelial cells, and the three-dimensional stereoscopic sense of the nests was not obvious. In the specific subcellular morphological changes of both reactive mesothelial cells and serosal balls, the changes of both the contour of nuclear membrane and the polarity of cell alignment were present only in stage T3 and T4a. The presence or absence of mesothelial cells in the nests of cancer cells and the changes of the contour of nuclear membrane and of the polarity of cell alignment in reactive mesothelial cells or serosal balls may help us to predict the depth of invasion of cancer cells.
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Omosebi Temitayo, Akinyele Benjamin Oluwole, Odiyi Alexander, and Fayeun Lawrence. "Morphological characterization of selected cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) accessions in southwest Nigeria." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 21, no. 1 (January 30, 2024): 914–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.1.2113.
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Pepper is a widely cultivated and utilized spice crop worldwide. It is commonly used in soups and as a condiment to add flavour and colour to food items and contains abundant sources of natural micronutrient antioxidants. The main goal of this work was to characterize cayenne pepper using morphological markers. For this purpose, fifty-seven accessions of cayenne pepper were collected from different regions in Southern and Northern Nigeria, where the cayenne pepper has been grown for some years. The selected accessions were planted at the Teaching and Research Farm, The Federal University of Technology, Akure between December 2020 and April 2021. Data collected on agronomic parameters, which include the number of fruits harvested, fruit weight, fruit length, number of seeds and seed weight, and colour of fruit at maturity, were subjected to multivariate analyses. Results showed that fruit diameter, fruit length, fruit weight, seed weight and number of fruits harvested are traits that most characterize the accessions. Accessions T40, T45, T13, T56, T81, T16, T12 and T15 are most distinct from other pepper accessions. Accession T13 performed best in terms of fruit weight. Accessions T2 and T17 performed best in terms of fruit diameter, fruit length, fruit weight and seed weight. Accession T45 performed best in terms of fruit diameter, number of fruits harvested, seed weight and fruit weight. Further studies on this work are recommended using another location.