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Albiach-Martí, María R., Munir Mawassi, Siddarame Gowda, Tatineni Satyanarayana, Mark E. Hilf, Savita Shanker, Ernesto C. Almira, et al. "Sequences of Citrus Tristeza VirusSeparated in Time and Space Are Essentially Identical." Journal of Virology 74, no. 15 (August 1, 2000): 6856–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.15.6856-6865.2000.
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ABSTRACT The first Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) genomes completely sequenced (19.3-kb positive-sense RNA), from four biologically distinct isolates, are unexpectedly divergent in nucleotide sequence (up to 60% divergence). Understanding of whether these large sequence differences resulted from recent evolution is important for the design of disease management strategies, particularly the use of genetically engineered mild (essentially symptomless)-strain cross protection and RNA-mediated transgenic resistance. The complete sequence of a mild isolate (T30) which has been endemic in Florida for about a century was found to be nearly identical to the genomic sequence of a mild isolate (T385) from Spain. Moreover, samples of sequences of other isolates from distinct geographic locations, maintained in different citrus hosts and also separated in time (B252 from Taiwan, B272 from Colombia, and B354 from California), were nearly identical to the T30 sequence. The sequence differences between these isolates were within or near the range of variability of the T30 population. A possible explanation for these results is that the parents of isolates T30, T385, B252, B272, and B354 have a common origin, probably Asia, and have changed little since they were dispersed throughout the world by the movement of citrus. Considering that the nucleotide divergence among the other known CTV genomes is much greater than those expected for strains of the same virus, the remarkable similarity of these five isolates indicates a high degree of evolutionary stasis in some CTV populations.
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Martín, Susana, Adrián Sambade, Luis Rubio, María C. Vives, Patricia Moya, José Guerri, Santiago F. Elena, and Pedro Moreno. "Contribution of recombination and selection to molecular evolution of Citrus tristeza virus." Journal of General Virology 90, no. 6 (June 1, 2009): 1527–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.008193-0.
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The genetic variation of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) was analysed by comparing the predominant sequence variants in seven genomic regions (p33, p65, p61, p18, p13, p20 and p23) of 18 pathogenically distinct isolates from seven different countries. Analyses of the selective constraints acting on each codon suggest that most regions were under purifying selection. Phylogenetic analysis shows diverse patterns of molecular evolution for different genomic regions. A first clade composed of isolates that are genetically close to the reference mild isolates T385 or T30 was inferred from all genomic regions. A second clade, mostly comprising virulent isolates, was defined from regions p33, p65, p13 and p23. For regions p65, p61, p18, p13 and p23, a third clade that mostly included South American isolates could not be related to any reference genotype. Phylogenetic relationships among isolates did not reflect their geographical origin, suggesting significant gene flow between geographically distant areas. Incongruent phylogenetic trees for different genomic regions suggested recombination events, an extreme that was supported by several recombination-detecting methods. A phylogenetic network incorporating the effect of recombination showed an explosive radiation pattern for the evolution of some isolates and also grouped isolates by virulence. Taken together, the above results suggest that negative selection, gene flow, sequence recombination and virulence may be important factors driving CTV evolution.
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Keiser, Stefanie, Daniela Flück, Fabienne Hüppin, Alexander Stravs, Matthias P. Hilty, and Carsten Lundby. "Heat training increases exercise capacity in hot but not in temperate conditions: a mechanistic counter-balanced cross-over study." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 309, no. 5 (September 2015): H750—H761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00138.2015.
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The aim was to determine the mechanisms facilitating exercise performance in hot conditions following heat training. In a counter-balanced order, seven males (V̇o2max 61.2 ± 4.4 ml·min−1·kg−1) were assigned to either 10 days of 90-min exercise training in 18 or 38°C ambient temperature (30% relative humidity) applying a cross-over design. Participants were tested for V̇o2max and 30-min time trial performance in 18 (T18) and 38°C (T38) before and after training. Blood volume parameters, sweat output, cardiac output (Q̇), cerebral perfusion (i.e., middle cerebral artery velocity [MCAvmean]), and other variables were determined. Before one set of exercise tests in T38, blood volume was acutely expanded by 538 ± 16 ml with an albumin solution (T38A) to determine the role of acclimatization induced hypervolemia on exercise performance. We furthermore hypothesized that heat training would restore MCAvmean and thereby limit centrally mediated fatigue. V̇o2max and time trial performance were equally reduced in T38 and T38A (7.2 ± 1.6 and 9.3 ± 2.5% for V̇o2max; 12.8 ± 2.8 and 12.9 ± 2.8% for time trial). Following heat training both were increased in T38 (9.6 ± 2.1 and 10.4 ± 3.1%, respectively), whereas both V̇o2max and time trial performance remained unchanged in T18. As expected, heat training augmented plasma volume (6 ± 2%) and mean sweat output (26 ± 6%), whereas sweat [Na+] became reduced by 19 ± 7%. In T38 Q̇max remained unchanged before (21.3 ± 0.6 l/min) to after (21.7 ± 0.5 l/min) training, whereas MCAvmean was increased by 13 ± 10%. However, none of the observed adaptations correlated with the concomitant observed changes in exercise performance.
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Schäfer, Axel Georg Meender, Britta Sebelin, and Lena Spitzer. "Cultural adaption and validation of the German version of the diagnostic thinking inventory (DTI-G) / Ein Instrument zur Erhebung diagnostischer Kompetenz: Validierung und kulturelle Adaptation des Diagnostic Thinking Inventory (DTI-G)." International Journal of Health Professions 6, no. 1 (March 13, 2019): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijhp-2019-0002.
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Abstract Diagnostic ability is essential for expert professional practice. Several instruments have been developed to assess diagnostic skills independent of specific knowledge. One such instrument is the diagnostic thinking inventory (DTI), which is used in different settings to evaluate diagnostic performance and has shown acceptable reliability and validity. The aim of the present study was to translate and validate a German version (DTI-G). Cultural adaptation and translation were performed according to international guidelines. Internal consistency and item discrimination indexes were calculated. The factorial structure of the DTI-G, test-retest reliability and known-groups validity were tested. A total of 388 physiotherapists completed the questionnaire. The internal consistency was good for the overall score of the DTI-G (Cronbach’s a = 0.84). Exploratory factor analysis yielded a five-factor solution with 21 items that explained 55% of the total variance across items. A confirmatory principal component analysis resulted in the same five-factor structure, showing an acceptable to good overall fit of the model (CFI = 0.93; RMSEA = 0.05; SRMR = 0.06). Test-retest reliability was found to be good (intraclass correlation coefficient ICC2,1 = 0.87, p < 0.001, n = 118). The difference between participants with more than 9 years of clinical experience and those with less than 9 years of clinical experience (median split) was significant (t385 = 6.00, p < 0.001), supporting known-groups validity. The results support construct validity and indicate good test-retest reliability of the DTI-G. The DTI-G can be used to measure and develop diagnostic ability of physiotherapists in clinical practice and education. Further research is necessary to validate the questionnaire for other health professions.
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Osabe, Makoto, and Masahiko Negishi. "Active ERK1/2 Protein Interacts with the Phosphorylated Nuclear Constitutive Active/Androstane Receptor (CAR; NR1I3), Repressing Dephosphorylation and Sequestering CAR in the Cytoplasm." Journal of Biological Chemistry 286, no. 41 (August 26, 2011): 35763–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m111.284596.
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The nuclear constitutive active/androstane receptor (CAR) is inactivated and sequestered in the cytoplasm when Thr-38 is phosphorylated. Here, we have demonstrated that activated ERK1/2 interacts with phosphorylated CAR to repress dephosphorylation of Thr-38. The phosphorylation-dependent interaction between CAR and ERK1/2 was examined by co-immunoprecipitation experiments of ectopically expressed FLAG-tagged CAR T38A and CAR T38D mutants with endogenous phospho-ERK1/2 in Huh-7 cells. Phospho-ERK1/2 coprecipitated only the phosphorylation-mimicking CAR T38D mutant; this coprecipitation was mediated by the interaction with the xenochemical response signal peptide near the C terminus of CAR. This interaction increased after EGF treatment and decreased after treatment with the MEK inhibitor U0126 as well as after knockdown of MEK1/2 by shRNA in Huh-7 cells. The phosphorylation levels of Thr-38 of CAR decreased in U0126-treated Huh-7 cells. Thus, activated ERK1/2 interacts with CAR and represses dephosphorylation of Thr-38, providing a cell signal-regulated mechanism for CAR activation.
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Casteleti de Souza, João Paulo, Ciro Winckler, Luiz Gustavo Santos, Thiago Fernando Lourenço, and Miguel Arruda. "Vertical jump performance in athletes with cerebral palsy." Retos 56 (April 26, 2024): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.102742.
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The principal difference between an Olympic and a Paralympic sport is the classification structure of the sports in which the athlete competes. The Paralympic Classification System subsidizes such a structure. This study aimed to investigate possible height differences in six vertical jumps in Para athletics athletes with cerebral palsy from classes T35 to T38 to contribute to the Paralympic Classification System. They participated in this study, and forty-one athletes were divided into the experimental group (thirty-five with cerebral palsy T35= 6; T36= 10; T37 = 12; T38 = 7) and the Control Group. The athletes were evaluated using the OptoJump Next equipment (OJ). The protocol sequence of the Vertical Jump battery included squat jump, single left leg one jump, single right leg one jump, both leg seven jumps, single left leg seven jumps, and single right leg seven jumps. We found significant differences between all classes and the control group (p<0.001). This study indicates that the battery of vertical jump tests not only identifies the athletes' eligibility but also helps to allocate different classes of athletes with cerebral palsy. To develop a technical assessment that contributes to implementing evidence to the Classification System of World Paralympic Athletics - WPA. Keywords: Para athletics; evidence-based classification, jump test, and cerebral palsy.
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Vazquez, Francisca, Shivapriya Ramaswamy, Noriaki Nakamura, and William R. Sellers. "Phosphorylation of the PTEN Tail Regulates Protein Stability and Function." Molecular and Cellular Biology 20, no. 14 (July 15, 2000): 5010–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.20.14.5010-5018.2000.
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ABSTRACT The PTEN gene is a tumor suppressor localized in the frequently altered chromosomal region 10q23. The tumor suppressor function of the PTEN protein (PTEN) has been linked to its ability to dephosphorylate the lipid second-messenger phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate and, by doing so, to antagonize the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway. The PTEN protein consists of an amino-terminal phosphatase domain, a lipid binding C2 domain, and a 50-amino-acid C-terminal domain (the “tail”) of unknown function. A number of studies have shown that the tail is dispensable for both phosphatase activity and blocking cell growth. Here, we show that the PTEN tail is necessary for maintaining protein stability and that it also acts to inhibit PTEN function. Thus, removing the tail results in a loss of stability but does not result in a loss of function because the resultant protein is more active. Furthermore, tail-dependent regulation of stability and activity is linked to the phosphorylation of three residues (S380, T382, and T383) within the tail. Therefore, the tail is likely to mediate the regulation of PTEN function through phosphorylation.
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Kisseljov, F., S. Vinokurova, N. Kisseljova, L. Pavlova, M. Fedorova, A. Katargin, A. Petrenko, and L. Korolenkova. "T35." European Journal of Cancer Supplements 13, no. 1 (November 2015): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcsup.2015.08.044.
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Huang, Z., X. Huang, Y. Huang, Z. Li, Q. Huang, and T. Li. "POS0044 T315 SUPPRESSES OSTEOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION IN SAOS-2 CELLS BY INHIBITING PHOSPHORYLATION OF AKT." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 227.1–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2428.
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Background:New bone formation is common in the late stage of various inflammatory arthritis, while osteoblasts play a vital role in this process. Activation of PI3K/ Akt pathway promotes the differentiation and enhances the function of osteoblasts [1]. T315 is a novel small molecule drug, which may induce apoptosis and suppress the expression of cellular markers of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells by disrupting PI3K/ Akt pathway [2]. However, the lack of study focuses on the influence of T31T on the other cells, except tumor cell lines.Objectives:We aimed to assess the effect of T315 on human osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells, while its potential mechanism in PI3K/ Akt pathway was evaluated as well.Methods:(1) Saos-2 was stimulated with an osteogenic reagent which contained L-ascorbic acid, β-glycerophosphoric acid, and dexamethasone. The concentration of T315 was adjusted to 0μg/ml, 1μg/ml, and 2μg/ml in the culture medium. (2) Alizarin red stain and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) stain were performed at d0, d7, d14, and d21 after being treated with T315. (3) Cellular protein was extracted at d0, d3, and d6 after being treated with T315, then ALP activity was tested based on a recommendation from the manufacturer of the kit. (4) Collagen type 1α2 Chain (Col1α2) and osteocalcin (OCN), two osteogenic markers, were measured through western blot, with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as an endogenous control. (5) Phospho-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (pPI3K), phospho-protein kinase B (pAkt), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) was tested through western blot as well. GAPDH or protein kinase (Akt) was chosen as an internal reference as appropriate. (6) Analysis of variance with the least significant difference was used to analyze the data. A P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:(1) The higher concentration of T315 related to the less relative mineralized area and the positive area of ALP, while longer incubation time with T315 decreased these regions as well (Figure 1A-C). (2) T315 reduced the activity of ALP accordingly (Figure 1D). (3) T315 suppressed the protein expression of Col1α2 and OCN in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner (Figure 1E, F). (4) T315 did not alter pPI3K, but it inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt (Figure 1G, H). (5) Runx2 was reduced because of the greater dose or longer incubation time with T315 (Figure 1).Conclusion:T315 inhibits the differentiation of osteoblasts through inhibiting the phosphorylation of Akt. Surprisingly, pPI3K seldom changes in this process, so its detail mechanism should be investigated in further.References:[1]Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020;245(6):552-561.[2]Blood 2015;125(2):284-295.Figure 1.Effect of T315 on Saos-2 cells and PI3K/Akt pathway. (A) Alizarin red stain and ALP stain at d21. (B) Relative mineralized area in Alizarin red stain. (C) Positive area in ALP stain. (D) ALP activity. Western blot analysis and its bands at d6 for Col1α2 (E), OCN (F), pPI3K (G), pAkt (H), and Runx2 (I). Results were normalized by GAPDH or Akt. ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; Col1α2: Collagen type 1α2 Chain; GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; OCN: Osteocalcin; pPI3K: Phospho-phosphoinositide 3-kinase; pAkt: Phospho-protein kinase B; Akt: Protein kinase; Runx2: Runt-related transcription factor 2. a Compared with d3 in the same concentration of T315, P<0.05. b Compared with d0 in the same concentration of T315, P<0.05. c Compared with 1μg/ml T315 in the same incubation time, P<0.05. d Compared with 2μg/ml T315 in the same incubation time, P<0.05.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.
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Gómez-Miranda, Luis Mario, Daniel Rojas-Valverde, Carlos Gómez-Carmona, Juan José Calleja-Núñez, Héctor Reynaldo Triana-Reina, and Alejandro Rodríguez-Montero. "Agreement, reliability, predictors and classification proposal of a 15´-time trial test to assess critical power in amateur swimmers." Retos 51 (December 4, 2023): 1381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.98026.
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This study aimed to explore the agreement and reliability of a 15´-time trial test (T315´) to assess critical power in a large cohort of amateur swimmers. An observational retrospective cohort study total of 2212 amateur swimmers were made evaluating the results of anthropometry, cardiovascular and functional fitness assessments. Also, the participants performed a front crawl swimming 15´all-out test to assess critical power. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov, t-test, regression, percentiles, intraclass correlation coefficient and Cohen’s d effect size were developed using a statistical software A T315´ categorization proposal was made based on sex and age. There were differences by sex in all anthropometric, functional, physiological and T315´ outcomes. The T315´ swimming test obtained almost perfect reliability in the distance based on intraclass correlation values and linear correlation coefficients. A bias of T315´ of 2% was found, which represented a total of 10.65m between tests. T315´ is a useful test to assess critical power as a baseline fitness reference value for programming swimming exercises in amateurs. Keywords: anaerobic capacity, aerobic capacity, swimming, critical speed, evaluation, assessment.
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Liu, Ta-Ming, Yonghua Ling, Jennifer A. Woyach, Kyle Beckwith, Yuh-Ying Yeh, Erin Hertlein, Xiaoli Zhang, et al. "OSU-T315: a novel targeted therapeutic that antagonizes AKT membrane localization and activation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells." Blood 125, no. 2 (January 8, 2015): 284–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2014-06-583518.
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Horst, L. E., J. Locke, C. R. Krause, R. W. McMahon, L. V. Madden, and H. A. J. Hoitink. "Suppression of Botrytis Blight of Begonia by Trichoderma hamatum 382 in Peat and Compost-Amended Potting Mixes." Plant Disease 89, no. 11 (November 2005): 1195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-1195.
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Inoculation of an industry standard light sphagnum peat potting mix with Trichoderma hamatum 382 (T382) significantly (P = 0.05) reduced the severity of Botrytis blight, caused by Botrytis cinerea, on begonia plants grown in a greenhouse. In data combined from three experiments, the degree of control provided by T382 did not differ significantly (P = 0.05) from that provided by weekly topical sprays with chlorothalonil. In addition, T382 significantly (P = 0.05) increased shoot dry weight and salability of flowering plants. Incorporation of composted cow manure (5%, vol/vol) into the light peat mix also significantly (P = 0.05) decreased blight severity while shoot dry weight and salability were increased. Blight severity on plants in this compost mix did not differ significantly (P = 0.05) from that on those in the light peat mix inoculated with T382. Finally, T382 and chlorothalonil did not significantly (P = 0.05) affect blight severity, shoot dry weight, or salability of plants grown in the compost mix. Spatial separation was maintained in begonias between the biocontrol agent T382 and the pathogen. It was concluded, therefore, that the decrease in disease severity provided by inoculation of the peat mix with T382 most likely was due to systemic resistance induced in begonia against Botrytis blight. The suppressive effect of the compost mix against Botrytis blight was unusual because composts typically do not provide such effects unless inoculated with a biocontrol agent capable of inducing systemic resistance in plants to disease.
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Liu, Ta-Ming, YongHua Ling, Mitch A. Phelps, Jennifer A. Woyach, Erin K. Hertlein, William H. Towns, Jessica MacMurray, et al. "OSU-T315, An Integrin-Linked Kinase (ILK) Inhibitor, Induces Apoptosis By Targeting B Cell Receptor and CD49d Mediated AKT/ERK Activation In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 2523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.2523.2523.
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Abstract Aberrant regulation of endogenous survival pathways plays a major role in pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Signaling via conjugation of surface receptors within the tumor environmental niche is believed to activate survival and proliferation pathway in CLL. PI3K/AKT appears to be the pivotal axis to support CLL growth. Current studies identify Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) as a Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-2 (PDK2), by which it mediates AKT activation and concomitant with tumorigenesis in many solid tumors. As a result of our search for novel therapeutic targets, we first report the potent inhibitor, OSU-T315, modeled from the scaffold that docks into AKT-binding site of ILK in therapeutic of hematological malignancy. OSU-T315 triggers apoptosis in CLL by targeting both intrinsic and extrinsic AKT and ERK activation (Figure 1A). OSU-T315 induces cytotoxicity to both CLL-derived cell lines Mec-1 and OSU-CLL, as well as in primary CLL cells, while illustrating alleviated toxicity in normal B and T cells (Figure 1B, C). In contrast to the highly successful BTK and PI3 kinase inhibitors which inhibit BCR signaling proximally, OSU-T315 specifically inhibits down-stream AKT and ERK signaling cascades without affecting proximal BCR or focal-adhesion signaling. In particular, external stimuli through BCR or CD49d, by which triggers survival signal and protects CLL from ankoisis via AKT/ERK activation, is potently inhibited by OSU-T315. Downstream anti-apoptotic molecule Mcl-1 is suppressed upon OSU-T315 treatment, which is later accompanied by increased Caspase 3/7 activity. Further study indicates that OSU-T315 mediated cell death is Caspase dependent. In vivo efficacy of OSU-T315 is supported by a therapeutic study in the TCL1 mouse model of CLL, from which demonstrates improvement in total counts of white blood cells and reduced splenomegaly, thereby contributing to enhanced overall survival following OSU-T315 oral treatment regimen (Figure 2). Together, our findings suggest the innovative dual-targeted approaches by suppressing both AKT and ERK pathway in CLL therapy through inhibiting ILK, and provide an alternative agent for potential therapeutic development in CLL. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Aliasgharpour, Fatemeh, Roshanak Honarpishe, Seyed Hossein Hosseini-Asl, Mohammad Saeid Khonji, Faezeh Abbaschian, Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari, Soofia Naghdi, Pablo Herrero Gallego, and Amin Nakhostin-Ansari. "Effects of dry needling on spasticity and motor function in paralympic athletes: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 10, no. 2 (June 2024): e002096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002096.
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No study has evaluated the effects of dry needling on Paralympic athletes. Therefore, in this study, we will evaluate the effect of dry needling on lower limb spasticity and motor performance, as well as the range of motion of Paralympic athletes. The study will be a triple-blinded, randomised controlled trial. Twenty-four athletes aged 18–45 in T35–T38 groups of the International Paralympic Committee classification will be included in the study. Twelve participants will receive dry needling of the quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscles, and 12 will receive placebo treatment with sham needles at similar points. We will assess the spasticity of the quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscles using the Modified Ashworth Scale, evaluate motor function using the Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity Scale and measure ankle range of motion (ROM) with a goniometer. Considering our hypothesis, the athletes who will undergo the dry needling are supposed to achieve better improvements in spasticity, ROM and motor performance. This study can provide useful information to help better decide on managing complications in Paralympics and its long-term outcomes, to cover the current lack in the literature.
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Khan, J., J. J. Ooka, S. A. Miller, L. V. Madden, and H. A. J. Hoitink. "Systemic Resistance Induced by Trichoderma hamatum 382 in Cucumber Against Phytophthora Crown Rot and Leaf Blight." Plant Disease 88, no. 3 (March 2004): 280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.3.280.
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Phytophthora root rot, crown rot, leaf and stem blight, and fruit rot of cucumber can cause serious losses, and are difficult to control. Although composts can be used successfully for control of Phytophthora root rots, little is known about their effects on Phytophthora diseases of aboveground plant parts. This research shows that the severity of Phytophthora root and crown rot of cucumber caused by Phytophthora capsici was suppressed significantly in cucumber transplants produced in a composted cow manure-amended mix compared with those in a dark sphagnum peat mix. In split root bioassays, Trichoderma hamatum 382 (T382) inoculated into the compost-amended potting mix significantly reduced the severity of Phytophthora root and crown rot on paired roots in the peat mix. This effect did not differ significantly from that provided by a drench with benzothiadiazole (BTH) or mefenoxam (Subdue MAXX). Based on area under disease progress curves, T382 also significantly reduced the severity of Phytophthora leaf blight in transplants produced in the compost mix compared with controls not inoculated with T382. Efficacy of T382 did not differ significantly from that provided by a drench with BTH. T382 re-mained spatially separated from the pathogen in plants in both the split root and leaf blight bioassays, suggesting that these effects were systemic in nature.
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Cook, Sarah G., Olivia R. Buonarati, Steven J. Coultrap, and K. Ulrich Bayer. "CaMKII holoenzyme mechanisms that govern the LTP versus LTD decision." Science Advances 7, no. 16 (April 2021): eabe2300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abe2300.
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Higher brain functions are thought to require synaptic frequency decoding that can lead to long-term potentiation (LTP) or depression (LTD). We show that the LTP versus LTD decision is determined by complex cross-regulation of T286 and T305/306 autophosphorylation within the 12meric CaMKII holoenzyme, which enabled molecular computation of stimulus frequency, amplitude, and duration. Both LTP and LTD require T286 phosphorylation, but T305/306 phosphorylation selectively promoted LTD. In response to excitatory LTP versus LTD stimuli, the differential T305/306 phosphorylation directed CaMKII movement to either excitatory or inhibitory synapses, thereby coordinating plasticity at both synapse types. Fast T305/306 phosphorylation required prior T286 phosphorylation and then curbed CaMKII activity by two mechanisms: (i) a cis-subunit reaction reduced both Ca2+ stimulation and autonomous activity and (ii) a trans-subunit reaction enabled complete activity shutdown and feed-forward inhibition of further T286 phosphorylation. These are fundamental additions to the long-studied CaMKII regulation and function in neuronal plasticity.
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Krause, M. S., T. J. J. De Ceuster, S. M. Tiquia, F. C. Michel, L. V. Madden, and H. A. J. Hoitink. "Isolation and Characterization of Rhizobacteria from Composts That Suppress the Severity of Bacterial Leaf Spot of Radish." Phytopathology® 93, no. 10 (October 2003): 1292–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2003.93.10.1292.
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Composts can induce systemic resistance in plants to disease. Unfortunately, the degree of resistance induced seems highly variable and the basis for this effect is not understood. In this work, only 1 of 79 potting mixes prepared with different batches of mature, stabilized composts produced from several different types of solid wastes suppressed the severity of bacterial leaf spot of radish caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciae compared with disease on plants produced in a nonamended sphagnum peat mix. An additional batch of compost-amended mix that had been inoculated with Trichoderma hamatum 382 (T382), which is known to induce systemic resistance in plants, also suppressed the disease. A total of 11 out of 538 rhizobacterial strains isolated from roots of radish seedlings grown in these two compostamended mixes that suppressed bacterial leaf spot were able to significantly suppress the severity of this disease when used as inoculum in the compost-amended mixes. The most effective strains were identified as Bacillus sp. based on partial sequencing of 16S rDNA. These strains were significantly less effective in reducing the severity of this disease than T382. A combined inoculum consisting of T382 and the most effective rhizobacterial Bacillus strain was less effective than T382 alone. A drench applied to the potting mix with the systemic acquired resistance-inducing chemical acibenzolar-S-methyl was significantly more effective than T382 in several, but not all tests. We conclude that systemic suppression of foliar diseases induced by compost amendments is a rare phenomenon. Furthermore, inoculation of compost-amended potting mixes with biocontrol agents such as T382 that induce systemic resistance in plants can significantly increase the frequency of systemic disease control obtained with natural compost amendments.
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Obeidat, Marya, Laiji Li, and Barbara J. Ballermann. "TIMAP promotes angiogenesis by suppressing PTEN-mediated Akt inhibition in human glomerular endothelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 307, no. 5 (September 1, 2014): F623—F633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00070.2014.
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The function of TIMAP, an endothelial cell (EC)-predominant protein phosphatase 1-regulatory subunit, is poorly understood. We explored the potential role of TIMAP in the Akt-dependent regulation of glomerular EC proliferation, survival, and in vitro angiogenesis. To deplete TIMAP, the EC were transfected with TIMAP-specific or nonspecific small interfering (si) RNA. The rate of electrical impedance development across subconfluent EC monolayers, a measure of the time-dependent increase in EC number, was 93 ± 2% lower in TIMAP-depleted than in control EC. This effect on cell proliferation was associated with reduced DNA synthesis and increased apoptosis: TIMAP silencing reduced 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine incorporation by 38 ± 2% during the exponential phase of EC proliferation, and cleaved caspase 3 as well as caspase 3 activity increased in TIMAP-depleted relative to control cells. Furthermore, TIMAP depletion inhibited the formation of angiogenic sprouts by glomerular EC in three-dimensional culture. TIMAP depletion strongly diminished growth factor-stimulated Akt phosphorylation without altering ERK1/2 phosphorylation, suggesting a specific effect on the PI3K/Akt/PTEN pathway. Endogenous TIMAP and PTEN colocalized in EC and coimmunoprecipitated from EC lysates. The inhibitory PTEN phosphorylation on S370 was significantly reduced in TIMAP-depleted compared with control EC, while phosphorylation of PTEN on the S380/T382/T383 cluster remained unchanged. Finally, the PTEN inhibitor bpV(phen) fully reversed the suppressive effect of TIMAP depletion on Akt phosphorylation. The data indicate that in growing EC, TIMAP is necessary for Akt-dependent EC proliferation, survival, and angiogenic sprout formation and that this effect of TIMAP is mediated by inhibition of the tumor suppressor PTEN.
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Van Belle, Kristien, Jean Herman, Mark Waer, Ben Sprangers, and Thierry Louat. "OSU-T315 as an Interesting Lead Molecule for Novel B Cell-Specific Therapeutics." Journal of Immunology Research 2018 (September 12, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2505818.
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B cells are pathogenic in various disease processes and therefore represent an interesting target for the development of novel immunosuppressants. In the search for new therapeutic molecules, we utilized an in vitro B cell activation assay with ODN2006-stimulated Namalwa cells to screen a chemical library of small molecules for B cell modulating effects. OSU-T315, described as an inhibitor of integrin-linked kinase (ILK), was hereby identified as a hit. On human and murine primary B cells, OSU-T315 potently suppressed the proliferation and the production of antibodies and cytokines upon stimulation, suggesting that ILK could be a promising target in the modulation of B cell activity. Mice with B cell-specific knockout of ILK were generated. Surprisingly, knockout of ILK in murine B cells did not affect B cell function as assessed by several in vivo and ex vivo B cell assays and did not alter the B cell immunosuppressive activity of OSU-T315. In conclusion, OSU-T315 displays potency as B cell modulator, probably through a mechanism of action independent of ILK, and might serve as lead drug molecule for the development of novel B cell-selective drugs.
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Shamim, Tahasina, Sheikh Tapaty Tahsin, and Ahmed Rezvi. "Evaluation of Post Placental Copper T380 A Insertion in Women during Caesarean Section." Scholars International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 05 (May 30, 2023): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijog.2023.v06i05.007.
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Objective: The study was carried out to evaluate the outcome of post placental COPPER T380 A insertion in women during caesarean section. Methods: A descriptive quasi-experimental study was carried out to evaluate the outcome of post-placental COPPER T380 A insertion in women during caesarean section. They were interviewed with a specific pre-designed questionnaire Results: The patients were asked to visit 1, 6 and 12 months after the insertion of COPPER T380 A to record the complaints during the follow-up period. It was found that only 2(1.33%) complaints of expulsion after 1 month of insertion and 1 (0.66%) after 6 months, and there was no complaint of expulsion at 12 months of follow-up. In case of PID, there were 3(2%) at 1 month, 1(0.66%) at 6 months and 1(0.66%) at 12 months follow up. The most frequent complaint was pain lower abdomen which accounted for 13 (8.67%), 12 (8.00%) and 8 (12.67%) at 1. 6 and 12 months of follow-up, respectively. The next common complaint was the vaginal discharge of 9 (6.00%) at 1 month, 8 (4.67%) at 6 months and 10 (6.67%) at 12 months of follow-up. No failure of COPPER T380 A insertion during cesarean section within 12 months of follow-up (No pregnancy within 12 months). Conclusion: Clients and providers can benefit from COPPER T380 A's high motivation, low risk of infection, and fast insertion speed when used after childbirth. The use of an intrauterine device as a form of birth control immediately after delivery has been shown to be effective and safe. Furthermore, considering the large number of puerperal who do not return for contraception, the use of a safe contraceptive method, provided quickly after delivery and before discharge from the hospital, is a far-reaching reproductive health strategy.
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Corm, Selim, Franck Nicollini, Dominique Borie, Nathalie Sorel, Thibault Leguay, Sandrine Hayette, Thierry Facon, et al. "Mutation Status of Imatinib Mesylate-Resistants CML Patients and Clinical Outcomes: A French Multicenter Retrospective Study for the fiLMC Group." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.275.275.
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Abstract Imatinib mesylate (IM) is highly effective in newly diagnosed CML. Unfortunately, acquired abl-kinase domain mutations are commonly identified to be associated to resistance or relapse in patients with advanced disease. Distinct mutation exhibit varying degrees of resistance, and mutation occurring in the ATP-binding loop (P loop) or in positions in direct contact with IM (i.e. T315) may be correlated with subsequent disease progression. In this study, we investigated the bcr-abl mutation status of imatinib-resistant CML patients and correlated to the disease outcome. Patients and methods: From CML patients diagnosed in 5 French centers, 67 IM-resistants patients presenting mutations by direct sequencing of the abl kinase domain at time of resistance or relapse were included in this study. When starting IM monotherapy (J1) at 400 to 600 mg per day, 45 patients were in chronic phase of CML, 12 patients were in accelerated phase of the disease and 7 patients were in blast crisis. The median duration of IM is 29 months (range 3–54) and the median delay between diagnosis and J1 is 34 months (range 0–168). At the end of the study, 23 patients were dead. According to the mutation status, a Kaplan-Meier curve was construct for time to death to J1, and survival were compared using log rank test. Results: By direct sequencing, 17 patients presented mutations in the P-loop (residues 252 to 255), 10 patients presented the T315M mutation alone, 1 patient had the T315 and the M351 mutations, and 39 patients presented mutations in other kinase domains. According to the mutation status, survival difference between patients presenting P-loop mutations or mutations in an other abl-kinase (including T315), no significant difference was observed (p=0.07). However, survival difference between patients presenting P-loop mutations, T315 mutation and mutations in an other abl-kinase domains was highly significant (p=0.0031, figure). The median survival for the P-loop and T315 mutated patients was of 39 months and 29 months respectively, and median survival not reached for others. Conclusion: By this study we confirm that either the T315 mutation or mutations in the P-loop had a poor prognosis. Detailed correlation analysis of mutation status according to clinical features and response to increased IM-dose will be reported. Figure Figure
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Erazo-Solorzano, Cyntia, Jaime Vera-Chang, Diego Tuarez-García, Luis Vásquez-Cortez, Kerly Alvarado-Vásquez, Carlos Zambrano, Karen Mindiola Véliz, Raúl Mora Yela, and karol Revilla Escobar. "Caracterización fenotípica en flores de Cacao (Theobroma cacao l.) en 40 híbridos experimentales en la finca experimental La Represa." Bionatura 8, no. 3 (September 15, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.03.11.
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Pollination is one of the most decisive practices in cocoa cultivation; therefore, to determine the self-compatibility and evaluate the morphology of the flower, it was carried out in the experimental farm "La Represa", Quevedo, Ecuador. For this purpose, a completely randomized DCA design was used, with forty treatments, considering treatments the cocoa hybrids used, with three repetitions. Tukey's multiple range test (P≤0.05) was applied to determine the differences between the means. Manual pollination tests were performed to determine the percentage of fertilization with fifteen flowers per treatment, whose pollination rate stood out in the T26 and T38 treatments with 100% self-compatibility, followed by T15 and T35 with 80% anti-incompatibility. Variables such as the length and width of sepal and petal, peduncle length, length of staminoid and pistil, and the weight of the flower were also recorded where different hybrids stood out, such as T1 and T11 for sepal length and width with 2.70 and 8.20 mm respectively. In the height and width of the petal, the T10 and T26 treatments stood out with 2.50 mm. In the size of the peduncle, I highlight the T20 with 1.81 mm and T6 with 6.20 mm for the length of the staminoid. The length of the pistil, the T10, obtained the highest index at 2.50 mm. However, the weight of the flower highlighted the T13 and T20 treatments, registering the highest average with 0.065 g, concerning the other hybrids studied. Keywords: Autocompatibility, cocoa , hybrids , pollination ; flowers .
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Sportsman, J. R., M. M. Park, D. A. Cheresh, M. Fukuda, J. H. Elder, and R. I. Fox. "Characterization of a membrane surface glycoprotein associated with T-cell activation." Journal of Immunology 135, no. 1 (July 1, 1985): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.135.1.158.
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Abstract A cell surface antigen (gp140) was previously shown to exist on T cell subsets as well as on monocytes and macrophages in normal peripheral blood. Elevated expression of this antigen was associated with immune system disorders, acute lymphocytic leukemias, and in vitro activation of T cells. The antigen could be identified with monoclonal antibody (MAb) T305. Gp140 was a biosynthetic product of T cells because it could be labeled with [3H]leucine or [3H] glucosamine. Biochemical studies of gp140 used high performance liquid chromatography with nitrocellulose blotting to isolate aliquots suitable for 125I radiolabeling and immunoprecipitation to demonstrate: a) a reduction in m.w. of gp140 KD to 90 KD after deglycosylation by trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, b) alteration of isoelectric point from 4.1 to 5.7 after neuraminidase treatments, c) absence of N-linked sugars based on resistance to endoglycosidase F, d) resistance to trypsin and chymotrypsin digestion but susceptibility to pronase, and e) presence of sialic acid and lactosaminoglycan as O-linked sugars. Gp140 could be labeled with the periodate/NaB[3H]4 technique, indicating its similarity to a class of sialoglycoproteins previously described on activated T-cells in mouse and man. The antigenic epitope recognized by MAb T305 contains sialic acid linked (2----3) to galactose; however, periodate oxidation of the exocyclic ring of sialic acid did not affect binding by MAb T305. In an attempt to determine the functional role of gp140, we tested the ability of MAb T305 to block: a) proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes to mitogens, b) response to interleukin 2 (IL 2) of an IL 2 dependent T cell line, and c) growth of a T-ALL derived cell line. No inhibition of proliferation or growth was noted. Although the function of gp140 remains unknown, its association with lymphocyte activation and certain disease states suggests that it may provide a target for modulation of the immune response. These studies characterize the structural features of gp140 and further define the epitope recognized by MAb T305.
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Abd-Allah, Ahmed Saeed. "Characterized Fuzzy R2.5 and Characterized Fuzzy T3.5 Spaces." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICS 13, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 7048–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jam.v13i1.5684.
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This paper, deals with, introduce and study the notions of haracterized fuzzy R2.5 spaces and of characterized fuzzy T3.5 spaces by using the notion of fuzzy function family presented in [21] and the notion of φ1,2ψ1,2-fuzzy continuous mappings presented in [5] as a generalization of all the weaker and stronger forms of the fuzzy completely regular spaces introduced in [11,24,26,29]. We denote by characterized fuzzy T3.5 space or characterized fuzzy Tychonoff space to the characterized fuzzy space which is characterized fuzzy T1 and characterized fuzzy R2.5 space in this sense. The relations between the characterized fuzzy T3.5 spaces, the characterized fuzzy T4 spaces and the characterized fuzzy T3 spaces are introduced. When the given fuzzy topological space is normal, then the related characterized fuzzy space is finer than the associated characterized fuzzy proximity space which is presented in [1]. Moreover, the associated characterized fuzzy proximity spaces and the characterized fuzzy T4 spaces are identical with help of the complementarilysymmetric fuzzy topogenous structure, that is, identified with the fuzzy proximity δ. More generally, the fuzzy function family of all φ1,2ψ1,2-fuzzy continuous mappings are applied to show that the characterized fuzzy R2.5 spaces and the associated characterized fuzzy proximity spaces are identical.
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Liu, Chunzhu, Xiaozeng Han, Xu Chen, Jun Yan, Xinchun Lu, Bo Song, Wei Wang, Wenxiu Zou, and Xianfa Ma. "Inversion Tillage Combined with Organic Fertilizer Application Increased Maize Yield via Improving Soil Pore Structure and Enzymatic Activity in Haplic Chernozem." Agronomy 14, no. 5 (April 28, 2024): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14050927.
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Inversion tillage and organic fertilizer application can break the plow pan and improve soil quality. However, the effects of combining these practices on the soil microbial resource limitation and maize yield in Haplic Chernozem are unclear. In this research, a field experiment was established in 2018, and soil samples were collected in 2021 in Longjiang County in Northeast China, which is a Haplic Chernozem region. Four treatments comprising conventional tillage (T15), conventional tillage with organic fertilizer (T15+M), inversion tillage (T35), and inversion tillage with organic fertilizer (T35+M) were randomly arranged with four replications. Compared with T15 and T15+M treatments, soil bulk density significantly decreased by 11.1–16.3% in the 15–35 cm layer under T35 and T35+M treatments, accompanied by the improvement in soil pore structure (e.g., soil porosity, circularity, and Euler number). T15+M treatment significantly increased soil organic carbon and soil nutrient contents by 11.1–16.3% and 3.9–24.5% in the 0–15 cm layer compared with other treatments. However, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus content, microbial biomass, and enzymatic activities reached the maximum values in the 0–35 cm layer under T35+M treatment. In addition, T35+M treatment had the highest maize yield and sustainable yield index. Extracellular enzymatic stoichiometry suggested that soil microorganisms are generally co-limited by carbon and phosphorus in Haplic Chernozem. However, T35+M treatment significantly reduced soil microbial resource limitation, which was one important factor impacting maize yield and sustainability. Random-forest and partial least-squares path modeling showed that T35+M treatment could reduce soil microbial resource limitation and increase the stability and sustainability of the maize yield by improving soil available nutrients, microbial biomass, and pore structure. Therefore, the incorporation of inversion tillage and organic fertilizer is a suitable soil management practice in view of increasing soil quality and crop yields in a Haplic Chernozem region.
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Dornand, J., S. Roche, F. Michel, J. P. Bali, S. Cabane, J. Favero, and R. Magous. "Gastrin-CCK-B type receptors on human T lymphoblastoid Jurkat cells." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 268, no. 3 (March 1, 1995): G522—G529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1995.268.3.g522.
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The presence of specific receptors for gastrointestinal hormones on T cells and their involvement in the immune response are still matters of debate. We reported the effects of gastrin-cholecystokinin (CCK)-related peptides on J.RT3-T3.5 Jurkat cells. A single class of high-affinity binding sites (dissociation constant approximately 0.1 nM) for gastrin and CCK-8 was evident on these cells. These peptides dose-dependently induced a transient increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), which was independent of extracellular Ca2-. L-365,260 was 150- to 300-fold more potent than L-364,718 to inhibit radiolabeled ligand binding or peptide-stimulated [Ca2+]i increase, confirming the gastrin-CCK-B nature of the receptor. Gastrin caused a rise in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] level within 5 s of stimulation. Finally, gastrin increased interleukin (IL)-2 secretion in J.RT3-T3.5 cells. We conclude that 1) J.RT3-T3.5 cells possess "gastrin-CCK-B type" receptors coupled to phospholipase C activation, Ins(1,4,5)P3 formation, and Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ pools, and 2) these receptors could be involved in the regulation of IL-2 production.
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Nguyen, Thien Vuong, Tuan Anh Nguyen, and Thi Hau Nguyen. "The Synergistic Effects of Sio2 Nanoparticles and Organic Photostabilizers for Enhanced Weathering Resistance of Acrylic Polyurethane Coating." Journal of Composites Science 4, no. 1 (February 26, 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs4010023.
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This study aims to evaluate the synergical effects of SiO2 nanoparticles (nano-SiO2) and organic photostabilizers (Tinuvin 384 (T384) and Tinuvin 292 (T292)) on the weathering resistance of acrylic polyurethane coating. Data obtained from infrared (IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and weight loss of coatings (before and after aging test), suggest that the SiO2 nanoparticles play a dual role, as both reinforcer and UV absorber, thus improving effectively both the mechanical properties and the weathering resistance of polyurethane acrylic coatings. The nanocomposite coating containing 2 wt % nano-SiO2, 2 wt % T384, and 1 wt % T292 exhibits excellent weathering and abrasion resistances, offering a durable outdoor application.
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Harput, Gulcan, Hande Guney, Ugur Toprak, Tunca Kaya, Fatma Filiz Colakoglu, and Gul Baltaci. "Shoulder-Rotator Strength, Range of Motion, and Acromiohumeral Distance in Asymptomatic Adolescent Volleyball Attackers." Journal of Athletic Training 51, no. 9 (September 1, 2016): 733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-51.12.04.
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Context: Sport-specific adaptations at the glenohumeral joint could occur in adolescent athletes because they start participating in high-performance sports in early childhood. Objective: To investigate shoulder-rotator strength, internal-rotation (IR) and external-rotation (ER) range of motion (ROM), and acromiohumeral distance (AHD) in asymptomatic adolescent volleyball attackers to determine if they have risk factors for injury. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: University laboratory. Participants: Thirty-nine adolescent high school-aged volleyball attackers (22 boys, 17 girls; age = 16.0 ± 1.4 years, height = 179.2 ± 9.0 cm, mass = 67.1 ± 10.9 kg, body mass index = 20.7 ± 2.6 kg/m2). Main Outcome Measure(s): Shoulder IR and ER ROM, total-rotation ROM, glenohumeral IR deficit, AHD, and concentric and eccentric strength of the shoulder internal and external rotators were tested bilaterally. Results: External-rotation ROM was greater (t38 = 4.92, P < .001), but IR ROM (t38 = −8.61, P < .001) and total ROM (t38 = −3.55, P = .01) were less in the dominant shoulder, and 15 athletes had a glenohumeral IR deficit (IR ROM loss > 18°). We observed greater concentric internal-rotator (t38 = 2.89, P = .006) and eccentric external-rotator (t38 = 2.65, P = .01) strength in the dominant than in the nondominant shoulder. The AHD was less in the dominant shoulder (t38 = −3.60, P < .001). Conclusions: Adolescent volleyball attackers demonstrated decreased IR ROM, total ROM, and AHD and increased ER ROM in their dominant shoulder. Therefore, routine screening of adolescent athletes and designing training programs for hazardous adaptive changes could be important in preventing shoulder injuries.
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Tirkey, Snehlata, P. Mukhopadhyay, R. Phani Murali Krishna, Ashish Dhakate, and Kiran Salunke. "Simulations of Monsoon Intraseasonal Oscillation Using Climate Forecast System Version 2: Insight for Horizontal Resolution and Moist Processes Parameterization." Atmosphere 10, no. 8 (July 26, 2019): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10080429.
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In the present study, we analyze the Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) model in three resolutions, T62, T126, and T382. We evaluated the performance of all three resolutions of CFSv2 in simulating the Monsoon Intraseasonal Oscillation (MISO) of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) by analyzing a suite of dynamic and thermodynamic parameters. Results reveal a slower northward propagation of MISO in all models with the characteristic northwest–southeast tilted rain band missing over India. The anomalous moisture convergence and vorticity were collocated with the convection center instead of being northwards. This affected the northward propagation of MISO. The easterly shear to the north of the equator was better simulated by the coarser resolution models than CFS T382. The low level specific humidity showed improvement only in CFS T382 until ~15° N. The analyses of the vertical profiles of moisture and its relation to rainfall revealed that all CFSv2 resolutions had a lower level of moisture in the lower level (< 850 hPa) and a drier level above. This eventually hampered the growth of deep convection in the model. These model shortcomings indicate a possible need of improvement in moist process parameterization in the model in tune with the increase in resolution.
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Lekha P. S., Amoghappa Jakkaral Shridevi, Nachiketha T. K., Dushyantha Kumar, B. Halingali I., and Jayashree S. "Genetic Analysis of M5 Generation of Gamma Irradiated Red Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Mutant lines." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 14, no. 3 (March 11, 2024): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i34047.
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In rice, induced mutations play a significant role in development of semi dwarf and high yielding variants. The genetic variability induced by four Gamma rays treatments was studied in traditional red rice variety Kajejaya in Randomized complete block design with two replications during Kharif 2021. Analysis of variance documented Gamma rays treatment brought significant variability and exhibited a wide range of values for all traits. Six superior mutants(T35-L-06, T35-L-17, T35-L-15, T45-L-07 T45-L-13 and T45-L-06) exhibited more number of productive tillers/plant, panicle length, number of filled grains/panicle, high test weight and higher grain yield/plant and T45-L-13, T45-L-06 and T35-L-15 mutants took lesser days to mature(114,117.5 and 118 days) and exhibited reduced plant height(84, 80 and 72cm) compared to untreated parent check. Induced mutations were effective in creating variability in plant height and maturity duration along with increased mean of reproductive components at higher doses (35kR and 45kR) as compared to lower doses(15kR and 25kR).
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Hayashi, Keiji, Yasushi Honda, Takeshi Ogawa, Narihiko Kondo, and Takeshi Nishiyasu. "Relationship between ventilatory response and body temperature during prolonged submaximal exercise." Journal of Applied Physiology 100, no. 2 (February 2006): 414–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00541.2005.
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We examined whether an increase in skin temperature or the rate of increase in core body temperature influences the relationship between minute ventilation (V̇e) and core temperature during prolonged exercise in the heat. Thirteen subjects exercised for 60 min on a cycle ergometer at 50% of peak oxygen uptake while wearing a suit perfused with water at 10°C (T10), 35°C (T35), or 45°C (T45). During the exercise, esophageal temperature (Tes), skin temperature, heart rate (HR), V̇e, tidal volume, respiratory frequency (f), respiratory gases, blood pressure (BP), and blood lactate were all measured. We found that oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide output, BP, and blood lactate did not differ among the sessions. Tes, HR, V̇e, and f remained nearly constant from minute 10 onward in the T10 session, but all of these parameters progressively increased in the T35 and T45 sessions, and significantly higher levels were seen in the T45 than the T35 session. For all but two subjects in the T35 and T45 sessions, plotting V̇e as a function of Tes revealed no threshold for hyperventilation; instead, increases in V̇e were linearly related to Tes, and there were no significant differences in the slopes or intercepts between the T35 and T45 sessions. Thus, during prolonged submaximal exercise in the heat, V̇e increases with core temperature, and the influences of skin temperature and the rate of increase in Tes on the relationship between V̇e and Tes are apparently small.
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Anbudurai, P. R., and Himadri B. Pakrasi. "Mutational Analysis of the PsbL Protein of Photosystem II in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 48, no. 3-4 (April 1, 1993): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1993-3-424.
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The psbL gene is a member of the psbEFLJ gene cluster in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and higher plants. psbL, a 4.5 kDa protein encoded by this gene, is a component of the photosystem II complex. The amino acid sequence of this protein indicates that it has a single membrane-spanning a-helical domain. We have used a targeted mutagenesis technique to delete the coding region of the psbL gene in Synechocystis 6803. The resultant mutant strain T345 did not show any PSII-mediated oxygen evolution activity and, as a result, could not grow under photoautotrophic conditions. However, it had normal PSI activity. The chlorophyll to phycobilin ratio in the T345 cells was significantly lower than that in the wild type cells. Fluorescence emission spectra (77 K) of the mutant cells showed the absence of a 695 nm band that usually originates from the PSII complex. Binding assays with radioactive diuron demonstrated that the mutant cells did not have any herbicide binding activity. However, immunostaining experiments showed that both the D 1 (the herbicide binding protein) and the D 2 proteins of the PSII reaction center were present at > 25 % of their normal levels in the thylakoid membranes of the T345 mutant cells. Our data indicate that the PsbL protein is essential for the normal functioning of PSII.
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Naugle, Keith E., Linda S. Behar-Horenstein, Virginia J. Dodd, Mark D. Tillman, and Paul A. Borsa. "Perceptions of Wellness and Burnout Among Certified Athletic Trainers: Sex Differences." Journal of Athletic Training 48, no. 3 (May 1, 2013): 424–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-48.2.07.
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Context: Athletic trainers are exposed to various stressors, increasing the potential for burnout and decreasing perceived wellness. Burnout and decreased perceived wellness can result from many factors: years of experience, hours per week worked, or decreased levels of physical activity. Another factor that accounts for a portion of the variance is sex differences. Objective: To determine the differences in burnout, physical activity, and perceived wellness scores relating to sex in District 9 of the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA). Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Web-based questionnaire. Patients or Other Participants: Athletic trainers who were included in the e-mail directory of NATA District 9 (men = 232, women = 158). Intervention(s): A 19-item questionnaire for burnout, a 36-item questionnaire for perceived wellness, and a 16-item activity questionnaire for physical activity and demographics. Main Outcome Measure(s): The variables included demographics (hours per week worked, years of experience, sex), Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI; scores range from 0–100, and higher scores represent a higher level of burnout), Perceived Wellness Survey (PWS; scores range from 1–36, and scores close to 29 are considered healthy), and Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire (BPAQ; scores range from 1–15, and higher scores represent more physical activity). Results: Of the 1560 members contacted, 390 responded (response rate = 25%), and 59.5% (n = 232) were male. The mean scores were 38.73 ± 16.9 for men and 46.2 ± 17.1 for women for the CBI, 16.68 ± 2.76 for men and 16.41 ± 2.81 for women for the PWS, and 8.42 ± 1.32 for men and 8.77 ± 1.36 for women for the BPAQ. Men and women worked an average of 55.60 ± 26.03 and 47.86 ± 20.57 hours per week, respectively, and had a mean experience of 14.79 ± 9.86 and 8.92 ± 6.51 years, respectively. Women reported a higher level of burnout (t388 = −4.255, P = .001) and greater levels of physical activity (t388 = −2.52, P = .01) than men. Men reported working more hours (t388 = 3.131, P = .002) and having more years of experience (t388 = 6.568, P = .001) than women. Perceived wellness was not different between sexes (t388 = 0.958, P = .34). Conclusions: Our results suggest that women experienced moderate to high burnout and men experienced moderate burnout. Interestingly, men reported lower levels of burnout but worked more hours than women. Future researchers should focus on why women experience higher levels of burnout but work fewer hours. These findings may lead to educational interventions that might reduce burnout and increase professional longevity and quality of work.
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Dalla Libera, Luciano, Barbara Ravara, Valerio Gobbo, Elena Tarricone, Maurizio Vitadello, Gianni Biolo, Giorgio Vescovo, and Luisa Gorza. "A transient antioxidant stress response accompanies the onset of disuse atrophy in human skeletal muscle." Journal of Applied Physiology 107, no. 2 (August 2009): 549–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00280.2009.
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It is presently unknown whether oxidative stress increases in disused skeletal muscle in humans. Markers of oxidative stress were investigated in biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle, collected from healthy subjects before [ time 0 (T0)], after 1 wk (T8), and after 5 wk (T35) of bed rest. An 18% decrease in fiber cross-sectional area was detected in T35 biopsies ( P < 0.05). Carbonylation of muscle proteins significantly increased about twofold at T35 ( P < 0.02) and correlated positively with the decrease in fiber cross-sectional area ( P = 0.04). Conversely, T8 biopsies showed a significant increase in protein levels of heme oxygenase-1 and glucose-regulated protein-75 (Grp75)/mitochondrial heat shock protein-70, two stress proteins involved in the antioxidant defense ( P < 0.05). Heme oxygenase-1 increase, which involved a larger proportion of slow fibers compared with T0, appeared blunted in T35 biopsies. Grp75 protein level increased threefold in T8 biopsies and localized especially in slow fibers ( P < 0.025), to decrease significantly in T35 biopsies ( P < 0.05). Percent change in Grp75 levels positively correlated with fiber cross-sectional area ( P = 0.01). Parallel investigations on rat soleus muscles, performed after 1–15 days of hindlimb suspension, showed that Grp75 protein levels significantly increased after 24 h of unloading ( P = 0.02), i.e., before statistically significant evidence of muscle atrophy, to decrease thereafter in relation to the degree of muscle atrophy ( P = 0.03). Therefore, in humans as in rodents, disuse muscle atrophy is characterized by increased protein carbonylation and by the blunting of the antioxidant stress response evoked by disuse.
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Martín-Ruiz, Susana, Francisco J. Aceituno, Miguel Abril, Luis P. Costillo, Antonio García, José Luis de la Rosa, Isabel Bustamante, et al. "T35: A Small Automatic Telescope for Long-Term Observing Campaigns." Advances in Astronomy 2010 (2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/869810.
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The T35 is a small telescope () equipped with a large format CCD camera installed in the Sierra Nevada Observatory (SNO) in Southern Spain. This telescope will be a useful tool for the detecting and the studying of pulsating stars, particularly, in open clusters. In this paper, we describe the automation process of the T35 and also show some images taken with the new instrumentation.
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Seifrabiei, Mohammad A., Mohammad Ahmadpanah, Mohammad Kazemzadeh, and Sanaz Ebrahimi. "Effects of Educational Program Based on Self-Esteem Enhancement on Weight Status in Obese Women." Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research 29, no. 4 (July 2024): 486–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_160_23.
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Abstract Background: Most obese people do not have high self-esteem. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of self-esteem education on the weight status of obese women. Methods: This Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) was performed on 46 obese women (BMI >30) in Hamadan during 2021–2022. By simple convenient sampling and block randomization, the samples were divided into two equal groups. In both groups, routine lifestyle and diet recommendations were prescribed. In the intervention group, eight sessions of self-esteem training were performed specifically. In two groups BMI was measured and the Cooper-Smith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI) was filled out before and after the intervention. SPSS 20 was used to analyze the data. Statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05. Results: The mean age of the participants in the intervention and control groups was 27.95 (5.02) and 30.25 (5.46) years respectively (t38 = 1.39, p = 0.17). BMI was comparable in two groups before the study (32.47 vs. 33.13 in the intervention and control group respectively, (t38 = 1.02, p = 0.31), but decreased significantly in the intervention group at the end (30.38 vs. 32.90, t38 = 3.76, p = 0.001). The mean self-esteem scores of the two groups were similar at the beginning (27.10 vs. 27.60 in the intervention and control group respectively, (t38 = 0.52, p = 0.60) but increased significantly in the intervention group at the end (30.10 vs. 27.35, t38 = 2.99, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The findings suggest that self-esteem educational programs can increase the self-esteem score and decrease BMI in obese women and should be considered as a treatment modality in these women.
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Krause, Matthew S., Laurence V. Madden, and Harry A. J. Hoitink. "Effect of Potting Mix Microbial Carrying Capacity on Biological Control of Rhizoctonia Damping-Off of Radish and Rhizoctonia Crown and Root Rot of Poinsettia." Phytopathology® 91, no. 11 (November 2001): 1116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2001.91.11.1116.
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Potting mixes prepared with dark, highly decomposed Sphagnum peat, with light, less decomposed Sphagnum peat, or with composted pine bark, all three of which were colonized by indigenous microorganisms, failed to consistently suppress Rhizoctonia damping-off of radish or Rhizoctonia crown and root rot of poinsettia. Inoculation of these mixes with Chryseobacterium gleum (C299R2) and Trichoderma hamatum 382 (T382) significantly reduced the severity of both diseases in the composted pine bark mix in which both biocontrol agents maintained high populations over 90 days. These microorganisms were less effective against damping-off in the light and dark peat mixes, respectively, in which populations of C299R2 declined. In contrast, crown and root rot, a disease that is severe late in the crop, was suppressed in all three types of mixes. High populations of T382 in all three mixes late during the cropping cycle may have contributed to control of this disease.
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Collins, Natalie D., Shannon Beaty, Elana Wallace, Yuanzhang Li, Mark Sanborn, Yu Yang, Anima Adhikari, et al. "Differential Genome Replication of a Unique Single-Amino-Acid Mutation in the Adenovirus-4 Component of the Live Oral Adenovirus Type 4 and Type 7 Vaccine." Vaccines 11, no. 7 (June 25, 2023): 1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11071144.
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The FDA-approved Adenovirus Type 4 and Type 7 Vaccine, Live, Oral is highly effective and essential in preventing acute respiratory diseases (ARDs) in U.S. military recruits. Our study revealed the presence of a previously undetected mutation, not found in the wild-type human adenovirus type 4 (HAdV-4) component of the licensed vaccine, which contains an amino acid substitution (P388T) in the pre-terminal protein (pTP). This study demonstrated that replication of the T388 HAdV-4 vaccine mutant virus is favored over the wild type in WI-38 cells, the cell type utilized in vaccine manufacturing. However, results from serial human stool specimens of vaccine recipients support differential genome replication in the gastrointestinal tract (GI), demonstrated by the steady decline of the percentage of mutant T388 vaccine virus. Since vaccine efficacy depends upon GI replication and the subsequent immune response, the mutation can potentially impact vaccine efficacy.
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Huang, Zhongdong, Jolinda A. Traugh, and J. Michael Bishop. "Negative Control of the Myc Protein by the Stress-Responsive Kinase Pak2." Molecular and Cellular Biology 24, no. 4 (February 15, 2004): 1582–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.24.4.1582-1594.2004.
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ABSTRACT Pak2 is a serine/threonine kinase that participates in the cellular response to stress. Among the potential substrates for Pak2 is the protein Myc, encoded by the proto-oncogene MYC. Here we demonstrate that Pak2 phosphorylates Myc at three sites (T358, S373, and T400) and affects Myc functions both in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylation at all three residues reduces the binding of Myc to DNA, either by blocking the requisite dimerization with Max (through phosphorylation at S373 and T400) or by interfering directly with binding to DNA (through phosphorylation at T358). Phosphorylation by Pak2 inhibits the ability of Myc to activate transcription, to sustain cellular proliferation, to transform NIH 3T3 cells in culture, and to elicit apoptosis on serum withdrawal. These results indicate that Pak2 is a negative regulator of Myc, suggest that inhibition of Myc plays a role in the cellular response to stress, and raise the possibility that Pak2 may be the product of a tumor suppressor gene.
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Madrid-Aispuro, Rosa E., José Á. Prieto-Ruíz, José C. Hernández-Díaz, Arnulfo Aldrete, Christian Wehenkel, and Jorge A. Chávez-Simental. "CRECIMIENTO DE Pinus cembroides ZUCC. EN VIVERO Y CAMPO PRODUCIDO EN DIFERENTE TIPO DE CONTENEDOR." Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 44, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2021.3.435.
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El volumen del contenedor determina la forma y tamaño de la raíz de las plantas, la cantidad de sustrato, agua y nutrientes minerales disponibles para su crecimiento e influye en los costos de producción. En este ensayo se evaluó el efecto de 10 contenedores de diferente tipo y volumen sobre el crecimiento en vivero de plantas de Pinus cembroides Zucc. y su desempeño después de plantadas en campo. Los contenedores evaluados fueron tubetes de plástico rígido (T170, T220, T250, T310 y T380 mL), charolas de plástico rígido (Ch plas-170, Ch plas-200 y Ch plas-220 mL) y charolas de poliestireno (Ch pol160 y Ch pol-170 mL). A los 14 meses de la siembra en vivero se evaluó la altura, diámetro, biomasa seca y número de raíces de las plantas. Durante 18 meses se monitoreó la supervivencia en campo y al final se registró la altura y diámetro en cada tratamiento. En vivero se presentaron diferencias significativas en las variables evaluadas. Las plantas con mayor altura (20.4 cm) y diámetro (4.9 mm) se produjeron en uno de los contenedores con menor volumen (Ch pol-170), mientras que la mayor cantidad de biomasa seca aérea, de la raíz y total (4.0, 1.3 y 5.3 g, respectivamente) y mayor número de raíces secundarias (15.9) se generaron en el contenedor de mayor volumen (T380). En campo, la supervivencia al final de 18 meses varió entre 10 y 37.5 %, sin mostrar diferencias significativas entre tratamientos. Las plantas en campo alcanzaron mayor incremento en diámetro con el contenedor T380, el cual fue uno de los tratamientos con mayor incremento en altura y supervivencia.
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Mo, Kingtse C., Lindsey N. Long, and Jae-Kyung E. Schemm. "Characteristics of Drought and Persistent Wet Spells over the United States in the Atmosphere–Land–Ocean Coupled Model Experiments." Earth Interactions 16, no. 9 (August 7, 2012): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2012ei000437.1.
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Abstract Atmosphere–land–ocean coupled model simulations are examined to diagnose the ability of models to simulate drought and persistent wet spells over the United States. A total of seven models are selected for this study. They are three versions of the NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFS) coupled general circulation model (CGCM) with a T382, T126, and T62 horizontal resolution; GFDL Climate Model version 2.0 (CM2.0); GFDL CM2.1; Max Planck Institute (MPI) ECHAM5; and third climate configuration of the Met Office Unified Model (HadCM3) simulations from the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) experiments. Over the United States, drought and persistent wet spells are more likely to occur over the western interior region, while extreme events are less likely to persist over the eastern United States and the West Coast. For meteorological drought, which is defined by precipitation (P) deficit, the east–west contrast is well simulated by the CFS T382 and the T126 models. The HadCM3 captures the pattern but not the magnitudes of the frequency of occurrence of persistent extreme events. For agricultural drought, which is defined by soil moisture (SM) deficit, the CFS T382, CFS T126, MPI ECHAM5, and HadCM3 models capture the east–west contrast. The models that capture the west–east contrast also have a realistic P climatology and seasonal cycle. ENSO is the dominant mode that modulates P over the United States. A model needs to have the ENSO mode and capture the mean P responses to ENSO in order to simulate realistic drought. To simulate realistic agricultural drought, the model needs to capture the persistence of SM anomalies over the western region.
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Moser, B. A., P. B. Dennis, N. Pullen, R. B. Pearson, N. A. Williamson, R. E. Wettenhall, S. C. Kozma, and G. Thomas. "Dual requirement for a newly identified phosphorylation site in p70s6k." Molecular and Cellular Biology 17, no. 9 (September 1997): 5648–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.17.9.5648.
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The activation of p70s6k is associated with multiple phosphorylations at two sets of sites. The first set, S411, S418, T421, and S424, reside within the autoinhibitory domain, and each contains a hydrophobic residue at -2 and a proline at +1. The second set of sites, T229 (in the catalytic domain) and T389 and S404 (in the linker region), are rapamycin sensitive and flanked by bulky aromatic residues. Here we describe the identification and mutational analysis of three new phosphorylation sites, T367, S371, and T447, all of which have a recognition motif similar to that of the first set of sites. A mutation of T367 or T447 to either alanine or glutamic acid had no apparent effect on p70s6k activity, whereas similar mutations of S371 abolished kinase activity. Of these three sites and their surrounding motifs, only S371 is conserved in p70s6k homologs from Drosophila melanogaster, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as well as many members of the protein kinase C family. Serum stimulation increased S371 phosphorylation; unlike the situation for specific members of the protein kinase C family, where the homologous site is regulated by autophosphorylation, S371 phosphorylation is regulated by an external mechanism. Phosphopeptide analysis of S371 mutants further revealed that the loss of activity in these variants was paralleled by a block in serum-induced T389 phosphorylation, a phosphorylation site previously shown to be essential for kinase activity. Nevertheless, the substitution of an acidic residue at T389, which mimics phosphorylation at this site, did not rescue mutant p70s6k activity, indicating that S371 phosphorylation plays an independent role in regulating intrinsic kinase activity.
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Nadgir, Anagha, Deborah Beere, and Keith Barker. "Intrauterine fragmentation of Gyne T380®: an uncommon complication." Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care 30, no. 3 (July 1, 2004): 175–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1783/1471189041261410.
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Chen, Jiaqi, Hongxing Liu, Fang Wang, Yang Zhang, Xue Chen, Daijing Nie, Yu Li, Yincheng Tan, Yuanli Xu, and Xiaoli Ma. "Dynamic Evolution of Ponatinib Resistant BCR-ABL1 T315 and Compound Mutations." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 3796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-129579.
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The third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) ponatinib exhibits activity against all common BCR-ABL1 kinase domain (KD) single mutations, including the highly resistant gatekeeper T315I. However, the drug response is variable and the clinical resistance mutations may still befall with few reports to date. We performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) detection of BCR-ABL1 KD mutations in sequential samples of three BCR-ABL1-positive leukemia patients who developed clinical resistance to ponatinib, to explore the dynamic evolution of ponatinib mutations. Case 1 was diagnosed as chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) chronic phase when he was 29 years old in 2009. His maintenance therapies were imatinib and dasatinib for seven years and then replaced with ponatinib due to the blast crisis of CML and the T315I mutation with variant allele frequency (VAF) of 46%. He did not achieved molecular remission after attempting multiple combined chemotherapy and TKIs including ponatinib, with the T315I mutation persists and eventually increases to VAF of 97%. He was then was medicated with a combined chemotherapy plus dasatinib and ponatinib. But NGS KD mutation investigation showed multiple T315I compound mutations, T315M and T315I mutations six months later. The patients went through salvage allogenic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), and the above polyclonal and compound mutations were still carried after transplantation. Finally, Q252H/T315I (VAF,50%) became the dominant clone, and ponatinib and HQP1351 (domestic TKI designed for T315I) were ineffective for this compound mutation (Figure a). A similar dynamic evolution to the BCR-ABL1 KD mutation of Case1 also occurred in case 2. The 7-year-old boy was diagnosed with BCR-ABL1-positive acute B-lymphocytic leukemia (Ph+B-ALL) in April 2014. NGS results showed that he had D276G (7%), F311I (27%) and F317L (31%) polyclonal mutations in BCR-ABL1 KD after 18 months of imatinib administration which were subsequently treated with ponatinib. After 5 months of treatment with ponatinib, F311I and F317L mutations disappeared, but G250E (5%) and D276G/T315L (4%) compound mutation appeared; subsequent progression to D276G/T315L (32%), G250W/E255V/F311I (4%) and F311I/T315I (58%) polyclonal compound mutations; long induction chemotherapy combined with ponatinib treatment remained unresolved, and finally there was only D276G/T315L compound mutation (VAF, 100%, figure b and d). Notably, a rare mutation T315L (c.943_945delinsCTC/p.T315L) appeared in the BCR-ABL1 KD. D276G is known to be sensitive to various TKIs, so we speculate that ponatinib is ineffective for the T315L mutation. Case 3 was a 46-year-old woman who diagnosed with Ph+B-ALL in July 2018. The Q252H (20%) and T315I (44%) double mutations appeared after oral administration of imatinib for 2 months, and then switched to ponatinib for remission. After 8 months, the bone marrow and peripheral blood samples showed not only the T315I/F359V compound mutation (VAF, 90% and 94%), but also the T315L mutation (VAF, 5% and 6%, c.943_944AC>CT/p.T315L). The clinician combined her BCR-ABL1 KD mutation and condition, ponatinib was discontinued. After 1 month of chemotherapy combined with dasatinib, the patient's condition improved, but the BCR-ABL1 KD mutation progressed to T315L (18%, figure c and e) and T315I/F359V compound mutation (76%). She eventually died from severe pulmonary infection and sepsis. NGS analysis identify KD mutation with sensitivity about 2%, and can also distinguish between compound and polyclonal mutations. All of the ultimately dominant ponatinib resistant mutations (Q252H/T315I, D276G/T315L, and T351I/F359V) in these three cases were T315 compound mutations derived from the T315I or other original mutation with additional mutation event. The T315L/M mutations and compound mutations collaborated by T315 and other KD mutations may confer the major component of ponatinib resistance. The dynamic resistant mutation in these three patients adds to the currently less content compendium of ponatinib clinical resistance. All of the three patients encountered ponatinib toxic side effects and had to discontinue or reduce the dose, which also confer favorable opportunity for the development of drug-resistant mutations. Figure Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Verneque, Rui da Silva, Mario Luiz Martinez, and Roberto Luiz Teodoro. "Avaliação genética de vacas e touros da raça Gir com base na produção de leite em diferentes estádios de lactação." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 29, no. 4 (August 2000): 1060–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982000000400016.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade técnica de se usar a produção de leite em parte da lactação, em vez da produção acumulada até 305 dias, para obtenção dos valores genéticos preditos (VG). Foram comparadas as classificações de touros e vacas pelos seus VG para produção de leite até 90(T90), 150(T150) e 210(T210) dias de lactação, em relação à classificação, com base nos VG calculados, usando-se a produção até 305(T305) dias. Adotou-se um modelo animal que incluiu os efeitos fixos de rebanho-ano, época, idade da vaca ao parto e grupo genético e os efeitos aleatórios do animal, do meio permanente e do resíduo. Estimativas de herdabilidade e repetibilidade para T90, T150, T210 e T305 foram 0,21±0,03 e 0,47±0,03; 0,23±0,03 e 0,50±0,03; 0,24±0,03 e 0,50±0,03; e 0,23±0,03 e 0,49±0,03, respectivamente. Correlações genéticas entre T305 e as produções parciais T90, T150 e T210 foram 0,92; 0,96; e 0,98, respectivamente. Correlações de ordem entre os VG305 com VG90, VG150 e VG210 variaram de 0,83 a 0,97 e foram menores, quanto mais curto o período de produção e menor o percentual de animais selecionados (descartados), segundo seus VG. Selecionando-se 20% dos animais de maior VG305, cerca de 65, 76 e 87% deles também seriam escolhidos, se fossem usados VG90, VG150 ou VG210, respectivamente. Descartando-se 20% dos animais de menor VG305, apenas cerca de 53, 68 e 83% também seriam eliminados, se VG90, VG150 ou VG210 fossem usados, respectivamente. Os resultados foram similares para vacas e touros. Concluiu-se que, sob o ponto de vista técnico, o uso da produção de leite em parte da lactação, em curto período, pode resultar em sérios erros na escolha dos melhores ou no descarte dos piores animais do rebanho.
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Phipps, R. H., J. D. Sutton, D. E. Beever, and A. K. Jones. "The effect of crop maturity on the nutritional value of maize silage for lactating dairy cows. 3. Food intake and milk production." Animal Science 71, no. 2 (October 2000): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800055259.
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AbstractFifty-five multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows were used in a 20-week continuous design study to determine the effect of maize silage maturity on food intake and milk production. Forage maize (cv. Hudson) was harvested and ensiled at target dry matter (DM) contents of 230 (T23), 280 (T28), 330 (T33) and 380 (T38) g per kg fresh weight (FW). The mean values for volatile-corrected DM (VCDM), starch, neutral-detergent fibre (NDF), crude protein and predicted metabolizable energy (ME) content of the four maize silages were 226, 290, 302 and 390 g/kg FW, 114, 274, 309 and 354 g/kg VCDM, 574, 447, 431 and 448 g/kg VCDM, 96, 80, 74 and 75 g/kg VCDM and 10·3, 11·5, 11·6 and 11·2 MJ/kg DM, respectively. Grass silage containing 296 g VCDM per kg FW was produced from the primary growth of a perennial ryegrass sward. At week 3 of lactation cows were allocated to one of five forage treatments offered ad libitum. The forage treatments were either grass silage alone (TGS) or a 3 : 1 DM ratio of maize and grass silage designated as T23, T28, T33 and T38. All cows also received 8·7 kg DM per day of a dairy concentrate. Forage VCDM intake for TGS was lower (P < 0·001) than for T23 to T38. Increasing maize silage DM content from 226 (T23) to 290 (T28) g/kg increased (P < 0·05) forage VCDM intake from 10·9 to 13·3 kg/day but a further increase to 390 (T38) g/kg tended to reduce VCDM intake. When compared with TGS, the inclusion of maize silage increased milk yield from 28·0 kg/day to 29·4, 32·7, 33·0 and 30·8 kg/day for T23 to T38, respectively, the increases being significant for T28 to T38. However, milk yield was reduced (P < 0·05) when the DM content of the maize silage increased from 302 to 390 g/kg. Increasing maize silage DM content from T23 to T33 reduced (P < 0·05) milk fat content from 45·8 to 41·8 g/kg, which was also lower (P < 0·05) than for TGS. The inclusion of maize silage increased fat yield with a significant difference (P < 0·05) between TGS and T28. The inclusion of maize silage increased milk protein content (P < 0·05) and protein yield (P < 0·001) when compared with TGS. While increasing maize silage maturity did not affect (P > 0·05) milk protein content, protein yield was higher (P < 0·05) for the two intermediate DM contents. There were no treatment effects on body condition score. It is concluded that the changes in composition of maize silage with increasing maturity, which are associated with increased starch and reduced NDF content, resulted in large increases in food intake and yield of milk and protein as crops matured from T23 to T33. However, when crop maturity increased further to T38 there was a tendency for DM intake and yield of milk and protein to decline.
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Xiao, Qingli, Weihao Zhao, Chenyi Ju, Kui Peng, Ming Yuan, Qizhong Tan, Rong He, and Mingbin Huang. "Effects of Different Tillage Depths on Soil Physical Properties and the Growth and Yield of Tobacco in the Mountainous Chongqing Region of China." Agriculture 14, no. 2 (February 8, 2024): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14020276.
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Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is the most important cash crop in the mountainous Chongqing region, where mini rotary tillers are widely used for land preparation. The decline in tobacco yields has been partially attributed to deteriorating soil physical properties and the formation of plough pans as a result of the repeated use of the mini rotary tiller. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different tillage depths on soil physical properties and the growth and yield of tobacco. Three tillage depths were evaluated: mini rotary tillage to 15 cm (T15) as a control, medium-deep tillage to 25 cm (T25), and deep tillage to 35 cm (T35). Total porosity, capillary porosity, and soil water content were measured for each treatment, and the root distribution, agronomical traits, and dry matter accumulation were monitored at different growing stages. Tobacco yield and output value were determined following the harvest. Compared to T15, T35 significantly increased total porosity and capillary porosity in the 10–40 cm soil layer and soil water content in the 0–40 cm soil layer, while T25 improved soil physical properties but not significantly. T35 significantly promoted dry matter accumulation and root, stem, and leaf growth compared to T15, while differences in some agronomic traits between T25 and T15 were not significant. Compared to T15, T35 and T25 increased the tobacco yield by 17.2–18.9% and 8.0–10.1%, respectively, and increased the output value by 44.4–46.4% and 29.2–32.6%, respectively. The results indicate that deep tillage improves soil physical properties, breaks plough pans, stimulates root growth, and increases tobacco yield and output value.
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Nasef, AhmedA K., SaidAbd El AttiSaleh, and IbrahimA SaifAlnasr. "Prevalence of aerobic bacterial vaginosis among chronic copper T380 intrauterine device users." Menoufia Medical Journal 32, no. 4 (2019): 1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/mmj.mmj_368_18.
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Wang, Hsin-Min, Sandra J. Shultz, Scott E. Ross, Robert A. Henson, David H. Perrin, Robert A. Kraft, and Randy J. Schmitz. "Sex Comparisons of In Vivo Anterior Cruciate Ligament Morphometry." Journal of Athletic Training 54, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): 513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-371-17.
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Context Females have consistently higher anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rates than males. The reasons for this disparity are not fully understood. Whereas ACL morphometric characteristics are associated with injury risk and females have a smaller absolute ACL size, comprehensive sex comparisons that adequately account for sex differences in body mass index (BMI) have been limited. Objective To investigate sex differences among in vivo ACL morphometric measures before and after controlling for femoral notch width and BMI. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Twenty recreationally active men (age = 23.2 ± 2.9 years, height = 180.4 ± 6.7 cm, mass = 84.0 ± 10.9 kg) and 20 recreationally active women (age = 21.3 ± 2.3 years, height = 166.9 ± 7.7 cm, mass = 61.9 ± 7.2 kg) participated. Main Outcome Measure(s) Structural magnetic resonance imaging sequences were performed on the left knee. Anterior cruciate ligament volume, width, and cross-sectional area measures were obtained from T2-weighted images and normalized to femoral notch width and BMI. Femoral notch width was measured from T1-weighted images. We used independent-samples t tests to examine sex differences in absolute and normalized measures. Results Men had greater absolute ACL volume (1712.2 ± 356.3 versus 1200.1 ± 337.8 mm3; t38 = −4.67, P < .001) and ACL width (8.5 ± 2.3 versus 7.0 ± 1.2 mm; t38 = −2.53, P = .02) than women. The ACL volume remained greater in men than in women after controlling for femoral notch width (89.31 ± 15.63 versus 72.42 ± 16.82 mm3/mm; t38 = −3.29, P = .002) and BMI (67.13 ± 15.40 versus 54.69 ± 16.39 mm3/kg/m2; t38 = −2.47, P = .02). Conclusions Whereas men had greater ACL volume and width than women, only ACL volume remained different when we accounted for femoral notch width and BMI. This suggests that ACL volume may be an appropriate measure of ACL anatomy in investigations of ACL morphometry and ACL injury risk that include sex comparisons.
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Ruben, Ngouana Tadjong, Zango Paul, Asseng Gabriel, and Kana Jean Raphaël. "Zootechnical Performance of Cyprinus carpio Fry in Unfertilized Ponds Fed a Local Feed Formulated with Musca domestica Larvae Flour." Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research 26, no. 2 (February 7, 2024): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajfar/2024/v26i2732.
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Objective: this study on the effect of the level of incorporation of Musca domestica maggot flour on some zootechnical performances of Cyprinus carpio fry in unfertilized ponds. Study design: The study took place at the Laboratory of Aquaculture and Demography of Fisheries Resources (LADRHa) in the Yabassi District, Nkam department, coastal region-Cameroon and duration 2 months. Methodology: 375 Cyprinus carpio fry with an average weight of 1.73±0.13g were used. After reception and acclimatization for two days. Five food rations were formulated T0+ (coppens), T0- without maggot flour and three other food rations T25, T30 and T35 were formulated from the basic ration T0- by incorporating 25%, 30%, 35% maggot flour. The fry were distributed in 15 circular basins of 40L each and a diameter of 395mm in a completely redomized device and repeated three times, installed in an unfertilized pond of 200m2 fed by a water retention dam. Each happa contained 25 fry. The fry were fed manually, 02 times per day at 10% of their ichthyo biomass until the end of the experiment. Control fishing was carried out every fourteen days. Results: The survival rate was significantly higher (p˂0.05) with the T0- treatment and low with the T35 treatment. The highest average weight was recorded with the T0+ treatment (coppens) and the lowest with the treatment containing 35% maggot meal. Daily weight gain was high with the T0+ (coppens) treatment and lower with T35. The specific growth rate was higher with the T0+ (coppens) treatment and lower with the T30 treatment. The consumption index was lower with the T0+ treatment (coppens) and higher with the T35 treatment. Conclusion: It emerges from this study that the fry of Cyprinus carpio nouris fed feed containing 25% of Musca domestica maggot meal recorded higher zootechnical performances compared to those fed feed containing 30 and 35%.