Journal articles: 'T353'

1

Jahn, M. T., and H. C. Voris. "SEM study of humid air effect on fatigue of aluminum alloy 2024-T351." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 298–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100153464.

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There is general agreement that the fatigue life of high strength aluminum alloys is reduced in humid environment. However, there are also data supporting the theory that humidity plays an insignificant role in the reduction of the fatigue life of aluminum alloy 2024-T351. In this study we examined the effects of stress level and water vapor density on the fatigue life of aluminum alloy 2024-T351 using scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM evidence of the deleterious effect of humid air on the fatigue life of specimens cycled at intermediate stress level was presented. Discrepancies between this study and others were explained.Commercial aluminum alloy 2024-T35l (4.40Cu-1.45Mg-0.70Mn-0.23 Fe-0.15Si-0.13Zn) extruded bars were fatigue tested in reversed bending. The cycling was conducted in an environmentally controlled chamber. Ten specimens were machined for each fatigue stress level of 248, 276, 290, 317 and 359 MPa. Five specimens fran each stress level were cycled in desicated air at a relative humidity less than 45%.

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Welker, D. L., and K. L. Williams. "TRANSLOCATIONS IN DICTYOSTELIUM DISCOIDEUM." Genetics 109, no. 2 (February 1, 1985): 341–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/109.2.341.

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ABSTRACT Fourteen translocations of independent origin were identified in Dictyostelium discoideum on the basis of segregation anomalies of diploids heterozygous for these chromosome rearrangements, all of which led to the cosegregation of unlinked markers. Many of these translocations were discovered in strains mutagenized with MNNG or in strains carrying mutations affecting DNA repair; however, spontaneous translocations were also obtained. Haploid mitotic recombinants of the rearranged linkage groups were produced from diploids heterozygous for the translocations at frequencies of up to 5% of viable haploid segregants; this is at least a ten-fold higher frequency than that seen with diploids not heterozygous for translocations (∼0.1%). These haploid recombinants included both translocated and nontranslocated strains. The T354(II,VII) translocation and possibly the T357(IV,VII) translocation reduce the chromosome number to n = 6; haploids carrying 11 other translocations all have karyotypes with n = 7. Genetic characterization of the T357(IV,VII) translocation showed that the bwnA and whiC loci normally found on linkage group IV were physically linked to the linkage group VII loci couA, phgA, bsgB and cobA.

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de Maat, Moniek P. M., Else Marie Bladbjerg, Lars G. Johansen, Peter de Knijff, Jørgen Gram, Cornelis Kluft, and Jørgen Jespersen. "DNA-Polymorphisms and Plasma Levels of Vascular Disease Risk Factors in Greenland Inuit." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 81, no. 04 (1999): 547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1614522.

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SummaryGreenland Inuit are a population with a low risk of cardiovascular disease. Recently, we stated that frequencies of potentially high risk alleles of the apolipoproteins, fibrinogen, factor V, glycoprotein IIIa and factor VII (FVII) genes have different allele frequencies in the Inuit when compared with Caucasian populations. We have extended this study and evaluated whether or not this was also true for the genetic polymorphisms of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensinogen in a group of 133 Greenland Inuit, aged 30-34 y. In addition, we compared the plasma levels of these factors and those of C-reactive protein (CRP) and D-Dimer in Inuit and in Danes, comparable for age and gender. Frequencies (f) were assessed of the alleles that are known as the potential high risk alleles in Caucasians.In the Inuit, the f(insertion allele) of the t-PA intron8ins311 polymorphism was 0.37 (CI 0.32-0.43), the f(4G allele) of the PAI-1 promoter polymorphism was 0.88 (CI 0.83-0.91), the f(deletion allele) of the ACE intron16ins287 polymorphism was 0.40 (CI 0.33-0.47) and the f(M-allele) of the angiotensinogen M/T353 polymorphism was 0.30 (CI 0.25-0.38). As for fibrinogen and FVII polymorphisms, these frequencies are all significantly different from what is reported for Caucasian populations. In the Inuit, plasma levels of fibrinogen and D-Dimer were higher than in the Danes, the PAI-1 levels were lower and FVII, t-PA and CRP levels were comparable. The observed allele frequencies of the polymorphisms of t-PA, fibrinogen, FVII, ACE, angiotensinogen and the plasma levels of PAI-1 and D-Dimer were in accordance with the low CVD risk in the Inuit, considering the observed associations between these measures and CVD risk in Caucasian populations, but for other measures this was not the case (allele frequencies of the PAI-1 polymorphism, and plasma levels of fibrinogen, FVII and t-PA).In conclusion there are clear differences in genetic background and plasma levels of risk factors in Greenland Inuit compared with Caucasian populations, and these differences were sometimes, but not always, in accordance with the observed low cardiovascular disease risk of the Inuit population.

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Milčić, Miodrag, Damjan Klobčar, Dragan Milčić, Nataša Zdravković, Aleksija Đurić, and Tomaž Vuherer. "Comparison between Mechanical Properties and Joint Performance of AA 2024-T351 Aluminum Alloy Welded by Friction Stir Welding, Metal Inert Gas and Tungsten Inert Gas Processes." Materials 17, no. 13 (July 5, 2024): 3336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17133336.

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The aim of this work is to study joining Al 2024-T3 alloy plates with different welding procedures. Aluminum alloy AA 2024-T351 is especially used in the aerospace industry. Aluminum plates are welded by the TIG and MIG fusion welding process, as well as by the solid-state welding process, friction stir welding (FSW), which has recently become very important in aluminum and alloy welding. For welding AA2024-T35 with MIG and TIG fusion processes, the filler material ER 4043—AlSi5 was chosen because of reduced cracking. Different methods were used to evaluate the quality of the produced joints, including macro- and microstructure evaluation, in addition to hardness and tensile tests. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the FSW sample was found to be 80% higher than that of MIG and TIG samples. The average hardness value of the weld zone of metal for the MIG- and TIG-produced AA2024-T3511 butt joints showed a significant decrease compared to the hardness of the base metal AA2024-T351 by 50%, while for FSW joints, in the nugget zone, the hardness is about 10% lower relative to the base metal AA2024-T3511.

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Manandhar, Shrinkhala, Bimala Pant, Chetana Manandhar, and Suraj Baidya. "In-vitro Evaluation of Bio-control agents against Soil Borne Plant Pathogens." Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council 5 (April 28, 2019): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnarc.v5i1.23810.

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Biocontrol is an important aspect of disease management for plant pathogens, especially for the soil borne fungi. Trichoderma species is the most exploited biocontrol agent in recent years. The soil specific nature of Trichoderma species is a well-known fact and hence native Trichoderma isolates should be more emphasized for control of plant pathogens. Fifty soil samples from rhizosphere of various agricultural crops were collected for isolation of Trichoderma sp. Ten isolates of Trichoderma were tested in dual culture with soil borne pathogens Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in an in vitro assay. All of the test isolates were found to be significant in terms of mycelial inhibition growth as compared to control. However, varying degrees of antagonism by different Trichoderma isolates were observed for above mentioned soil borne pathogens. The isolate (T363) was found to exhibit more than 80% inhibition of S. sclerotiorum while the isolate T357 was found to control F. solani by more than 80%. For the control of R. solani, six of the tested Trichoderma isolates showed more than 80% inhibition of its radial colony growth. The Trichoderma isolates seen effective in this study need to be tested in pot and field experiments for exploiting the use and benefits of biocontrol.

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Petrich, Aline, Anika Mann, Andrea Kliewer, Falko Nagel, Anne Strigli, Jan Carlo Märtens, Florian Pöll, and Stefan Schulz. "Phosphorylation of Threonine 333 Regulates Trafficking of the Human sst5 Somatostatin Receptor." Molecular Endocrinology 27, no. 4 (April 1, 2013): 671–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/me.2012-1329.

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Abstract The frequent overexpression of the somatostatin receptors sst2 and sst5 in neuroendocrine tumors provides the molecular basis for therapeutic application of novel multireceptor somatostatin analogs. Although the phosphorylation of the carboxyl-terminal region of the sst2 receptor has been studied in detail, little is known about the agonist-induced regulation of the human sst5 receptor. Here, we have generated phosphosite-specific antibodies for the carboxyl-terminal threonines 333 (T333) and 347 (T347), which enabled us to selectively detect either the T333-phosphorylated or the T347-phosphorylated form of sst5. We show that agonist-mediated phosphorylation occurs at T333, whereas T347 is constitutively phosphorylated in the absence of agonist. We further demonstrate that the multireceptor somatostatin analog pasireotide and the sst5-selective ligand L-817,818 but not octreotide or KE108 were able to promote a detectable T333 phosphorylation. Interestingly, BIM-23268 was the only sst5 agonist that was able to stimulate T333 phosphorylation to the same extent as natural somatostatin. Agonist-induced T333 phosphorylation was dose-dependent and selectively mediated by G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2. Similar to that observed for the sst2 receptor, phosphorylation of sst5 occurred within seconds. However, unlike that seen for the sst2 receptor, dephosphorylation and recycling of sst5 were rapidly completed within minutes. We also identify protein phosphatase 1γ as G protein-coupled receptor phosphatase for the sst5 receptor. Together, we provide direct evidence for agonist-selective phosphorylation of carboxyl-terminal T333. In addition, we identify G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2-mediated phosphorylation and protein phosphatase 1γ-mediated dephosphorylation of T333 as key regulators of rapid internalization and recycling of the human sst5 receptor.

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Wu, Tailai, Zhaohua Deng, Zhuo Chen, Donglan Zhang, Xiang Wu, and Ruoxi Wang. "Predictors of Patients’ Loyalty Toward Doctors on Web-Based Health Communities: Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 21, no. 9 (September 3, 2019): e14484. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14484.

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Background Web-based health communities provide means for patients to not only seek care but also to promote their relationship with doctors. However, little is known about the predictors of patients’ loyalty toward doctors in Web-based health communities. Objective This study aimed to investigate the predictors of patients’ loyalty toward doctors in Web-based health communities. Methods On the basis of sociotechnical systems theory and attachment theory, we propose that social factors including emotional interaction, perceived expertise, and social norm influence patients’ loyalty through their emotional attachment, whereas technical factors including sociability, personalization, and perceived security affect patients’ loyalty through functional dependence. To validate our proposed research model, we used the survey method and collected 373 valid answers. Partial least square was used to analyze the data. Results Our empirical analysis results showed that all the social factors including emotional interaction (beta=.257, t350=2.571; P=.01), perceived expertise (beta=.288, t350=3.412; P=.001), and social norm (beta=.210, t350=2.017; P=.04) affect patients’ emotional attachment toward doctors significantly, whereas except sociability (beta=.110, t350=1.152; P=.25), technical factors such as personalization (beta=.242, t350=2.228; P=.03) and perceived security (beta=.328, t350=3.438; P=.001) impact functional dependence significantly. Considering the effect of working mechanisms, both emotional attachment (beta=.443, t350=4.518; P<.001) and functional dependence (beta=.303, t350=2.672; P=.008) influence patients’ loyalty toward doctors in Web-based health communities significantly. Conclusions Patients’ loyalty toward doctors in Web-based health communities is important for the effectiveness of doctors’ advice or service in Web-based health communities. The research results not only fill the gaps in the literature of the patient-doctor relationship and Web-based health communities but also has many implications for establishing patients’ loyalty on Web-based health communities and in physical context.

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da Silva, Rejane M. P., Javier Izquierdo, Mariana X. Milagre, Abenchara M. Betancor-Abreu, Isolda Costa, and Ricardo M. Souto. "Use of Amperometric and Potentiometric Probes in Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy for the Spatially-Resolved Monitoring of Severe Localized Corrosion Sites on Aluminum Alloy 2098-T351." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 6, 2021): 1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041132.

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Amperometric and potentiometric probes were employed for the detection and characterization of reactive sites on the 2098-T351 Al-alloy (AA2098-T351) using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Firstly, the probe of concept was performed on a model Mg-Al galvanic pair system using SECM in the amperometric and potentiometric operation modes, in order to address the responsiveness of the probes for the characterization of this galvanic pair system. Next, these sensing probes were employed to characterize the 2098-T351 alloy surface immersed in a saline aqueous solution at ambient temperature. The distribution of reactive sites and the local pH changes associated with severe localized corrosion (SLC) on the alloy surface were imaged and subsequently studied. Higher hydrogen evolution, lower oxygen depletion and acidification occurred at the SLC sites developed on the 2098-T351 Al-alloy.

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9

Freidin, M. "T33." European Journal of Cancer Supplements 13, no. 1 (November 2015): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcsup.2015.08.029.

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Kisseljov, F., S. Vinokurova, N. Kisseljova, L. Pavlova, M. Fedorova, A. Katargin, A. Petrenko, and L. Korolenkova. "T35." European Journal of Cancer Supplements 13, no. 1 (November 2015): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcsup.2015.08.044.

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Hari, Lakshman R. B., A. Ashwin, Vignesh R. Vaira, Swaroop C. B. Chand, M. Vignesh, and R. Padmanaban. "Corrosion and tribological behaviour of Friction Stir Processed AA2024-T351 alloy." Koroze a ochrana materialu 66, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kom-2022-0012.

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Abstract AA2024-T351, a heat treatable aluminum alloy, has a high strength to weight ratio and good fracture resistance and has application mainly in the aircraft and aerospace sector. However, the alloy is susceptible to high corrosion because of the secondary phases (Al2Cu) present in the matrix. With an objective to increase the corrosion and wear resistance, Friction Stir Processing is applied to engineer the morphology and dispersion of the Al2Cu phase in the alloy. The friction stir processing trials are performed by varying the tool rotation speed, tool traverse speed, and shoulder diameter, as the properties of the friction stir processed region depend on the proper selection of process parameters. A hybrid linear-radial basis function model is developed to explore the effect of tool rotation speed, tool traverse speed, and shoulder diameter on the grain size, microhardness, corrosion rate, wear rate, and corrosion potential of the friction stir processed AA2024-T351 alloy. The predominant corrosion mechanism and wear regimes in AA2024-T351 alloy are understood from the characterization study on the surface morphology and elemental analysis of the corroded and worn specimens. The optimum friction stir processing parameters that improve the grain refinement, microhardness, corrosion resistance and wear resistance of AA2024-T351 alloy are established.

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Santucci, R. J., B. Kannan, and J. R. Scully. "Electrochemical Diagnostic Cycle Testing of Magnesium and Magnesium Oxide-Pigmented Primers on AA2024-T351." Corrosion 74, no. 1 (August 16, 2017): 96–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/2547.

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Intact Mg-rich and MgO-rich primer (MgRP and MgORP) coatings on aluminum alloy 2024-T351 substrate were evaluated for their ability to protect remote scratches (coating defects) as well as for coating barrier properties using a laboratory diagnostic cycle test. These coatings consist of a pretreated substrate and a Mg-containing pigmented primer with and without a UV-inert pigmented topcoat. For MgRP, Mg2+ and electrons are available upon Mg oxidation, while for MgORP only Mg2+ is available upon MgO chemical dissolution. The thickness and the pigment volume concentration of the MgORP was less than the MgRP as characterized with scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy imaging, resulting in a larger reservoir and Mg capacity in MgRP than the Mg2+ capacity in MgORP. Diagnostic electrochemical cycle testing assessed the anode capacity of Mg pigment available for sacrificial anode-based cathodic protection of the substrate during potentiostatic holds during full-immersion testing in 5 wt% NaCl. The MgO had no capacity for sacrificial anode-based cathodic protection, but it did exhibit beneficial effects associated with the electrochemical behavior of coated and bare AA2024-T351; this was attributed to presence of Mg2+ in solution and the redeposited corrosion product. During exposure, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy monitored the barrier properties of the coatings, which were affected by primer type and the presence of topcoat. MgRP is shown to protect AA2024-T351 via both sacrificial anode-based cathodic protection and Mg2+ redeposition. MgORP is shown to function as a corrosion preventative coating for AA2024-T351 through chemical release of Mg2+, which beneficially alters the electrochemical corrosion behavior of the AA2024-T351 alloy. This investigation serves as a foundation for future investigations into MgORP and spent MgRP in the case where Mg has been oxidized as a result of long-term field exposure.

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Yang, Bangcheng, Junhui Yan, Michael A. Sutton, and Anthony P. Reynolds. "Banded microstructure in AA2024-T351 and AA2524-T351 aluminum friction stir welds." Materials Science and Engineering: A 364, no. 1-2 (January 2004): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(03)00532-x.

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Sutton, Michael A., Bangcheng Yang, Anthony P. Reynolds, and Junhui Yan. "Banded microstructure in 2024-T351 and 2524-T351 aluminum friction stir welds." Materials Science and Engineering: A 364, no. 1-2 (January 2004): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(03)00533-1.

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Sharma, Shubham, Vikas Patyal, P. Sudhakara, Jujhar Singh, Michal Petru, and R. A. Ilyas. "Mechanical, morphological, and fracture-deformation behavior of MWCNTs-reinforced (Al–Cu–Mg–T351) alloy cast nanocomposites fabricated by optimized mechanical milling and powder metallurgy techniques." Nanotechnology Reviews 11, no. 1 (December 7, 2021): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2022-0005.

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Abstract The carbon nanotube (CNT) is becoming more popular due to their low-density, high-strength etc. Among CNTs, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are gaining more importance due to their enhanced thermal and electrical conductivity. The present research is exploring the applicability of MWCNTs reinforced with AA2024-T351 alloys for electromechanical applications. This study is currently undertaken for using MWCNTs as a reinforcing particulate for the purpose to enhance the characteristics including low density, high strength, and hardness together with excellent thermal and electrical conductivity of the aluminum alloy matrices. Therefore, this article provides a state-of-the-art experimental approach to fabricate and furthermore, to evaluate the mechanical characteristics, microstructural analysis, and fatigue behavior of Al–Cu–Mg–T351/MWCNT composites under both the mechanical and thermal loading by utilizing powder technology processing route. The uniform dispersion of CNTs has been exposed using ball milling process. Results revealed that the MWCNTs provide extraordinary synergistic strength, enhances fatigue resistance, creep resistance, ductility, and other mechanical characteristics of the aluminum-based composites. The mechanical loading of the composite exhibited increased properties as compared to thermal-loaded aluminum-MWCNT composites. Findings conclude that the maximum hardness of 35Hv obtained for sintered AA2024-T351 and 45Hv for 0.5% MWCNT heat-treated samples indicate that the addition of MWCNT enhances the hardness which may be because CNT is evenly dispersed at the interfacial space. Maximum UTS of 105.21 MPa was obtained with 0.5% MWCNT for sintered composites. Microstructural analysis of the Al–Cu–Mg–T351/MWCNTs composite exhibits reasonably uniform distribution, void formation, and good interfacial bonding. X-ray Diffraction method patterns of fabricated composite shows that the CNT is present at 2β = 23.6 and 44.6°, whereas high peaks of aluminum are present at uniform dispersed positions. Transmission electron magnifying instrument study further substantiates the above research. Fracture micrographs of the Al–Cu–Mg–T351/MWCNTs composite portray the resistant nature of the nanotubes due to the presence of CNTs, Al–Cu, and aluminum carbide elements in the alloy and the reactions that happened during heat treatment. This significant improvement was attributed to the shear interactions among the constituents and high load carrying capacity of the CNT, uniform dispersion, and interface bond strength among the matrix and constituents. The findings in the study will undoubtedly be beneficial for the development of high-strength, MWCNTs/Al–Cu–Mg–T351, matrix composites in future for multifunctional applications on broader spectrum.

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Kannan, B., D. M. Wolanski, and J. R. Scully. "Performance of a Magnesium-Rich Primer on Pretreated AA2024-T351 in Selected Laboratory and Field Environments: Anodization Pretreatment." Corrosion 74, no. 6 (January 17, 2018): 654–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/2424.

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The effect of anodization on the corrosion protection of AA2024-T351 by magnesium-rich primer (MgRP) was evaluated in topcoated (TC) and non-TC MgRP systems with and without defects in the form of scribes. Protection of remote scratches and global protection by the coating after exposure in selected laboratory and field environments was investigated. Exposure studies focused on the following pretreatments: anodization without sealing (ANS), anodization with hexavalent chromium sealing (ACS), and anodization with trivalent chromium pretreatment sealing (ATS). Mg pigment depletion rate, global galvanic protection potential of intact coating, and coating barrier properties were investigated. In systems without TC, all chosen environments except for full immersion resulted in complete depletion of Mg pigment resulting from high self-corrosion rates. Polyurethane TC limited the Mg metallic pigment depletion resulting in only partial Mg depletion. In the case of ANS and ATS pretreated AA2024-T351 with MgRP, there was no initial galvanic coupling as inferred by a more positive global galvanic protection potential and predicted by high-pretreatment resistances. Upon prolonged exposure in full immersion, the global galvanic protection potential decreased to more negative potentials with time indicative of gradual galvanic coupling of the AA2024-T351 substrate with the MgRP. This was interpreted as resulting from degradation of the buried anodized layer. In the case of ACS pretreated AA2024-T351 with the MgRP, there was no initial galvanic coupling. After initial lowering of global galvanic protection potential indicating active coupling, there was a shift back to more positive potential. The global galvanic protection potential was heavily mediated by the TC polymer and there was no significant galvanic coupling between AA2024-T351 and Mg in the time frame over which experiments were conducted for TC systems. Mg was preserved and available for any future sacrificial anode-based cathodic protection. The barrier properties of the MgRP pigmented coating also degraded with time at a higher rate in systems in the absence of TC. This was correlated to UV degradation of the pigmented coating resin and could be reduced with the polyurethane TC. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy characterization after different ASTM B117 and field exposure times indicated that the Mg2+ redeposition increased as a function of exposure time in AA2024-T351/ACS/MgRP systems. TC limited the Mg2+ release by mediating both the global galvanic protection potential and Mg self-corrosion. Corrosion volume analysis by optical profilometry indicated that the scribe protection was better for sealed anodization pretreatments compared to the case of anodized without sealing-based systems.

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Liu, Chunzhu, Xiaozeng Han, Xu Chen, Jun Yan, Xinchun Lu, Bo Song, Wei Wang, Wenxiu Zou, and Xianfa Ma. "Inversion Tillage Combined with Organic Fertilizer Application Increased Maize Yield via Improving Soil Pore Structure and Enzymatic Activity in Haplic Chernozem." Agronomy 14, no. 5 (April 28, 2024): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14050927.

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Inversion tillage and organic fertilizer application can break the plow pan and improve soil quality. However, the effects of combining these practices on the soil microbial resource limitation and maize yield in Haplic Chernozem are unclear. In this research, a field experiment was established in 2018, and soil samples were collected in 2021 in Longjiang County in Northeast China, which is a Haplic Chernozem region. Four treatments comprising conventional tillage (T15), conventional tillage with organic fertilizer (T15+M), inversion tillage (T35), and inversion tillage with organic fertilizer (T35+M) were randomly arranged with four replications. Compared with T15 and T15+M treatments, soil bulk density significantly decreased by 11.1–16.3% in the 15–35 cm layer under T35 and T35+M treatments, accompanied by the improvement in soil pore structure (e.g., soil porosity, circularity, and Euler number). T15+M treatment significantly increased soil organic carbon and soil nutrient contents by 11.1–16.3% and 3.9–24.5% in the 0–15 cm layer compared with other treatments. However, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus content, microbial biomass, and enzymatic activities reached the maximum values in the 0–35 cm layer under T35+M treatment. In addition, T35+M treatment had the highest maize yield and sustainable yield index. Extracellular enzymatic stoichiometry suggested that soil microorganisms are generally co-limited by carbon and phosphorus in Haplic Chernozem. However, T35+M treatment significantly reduced soil microbial resource limitation, which was one important factor impacting maize yield and sustainability. Random-forest and partial least-squares path modeling showed that T35+M treatment could reduce soil microbial resource limitation and increase the stability and sustainability of the maize yield by improving soil available nutrients, microbial biomass, and pore structure. Therefore, the incorporation of inversion tillage and organic fertilizer is a suitable soil management practice in view of increasing soil quality and crop yields in a Haplic Chernozem region.

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Gormakov, Anatoly, and Aleksey Golikov. "Surface Wear Resistant of 2024-T351 Aluminum Alloy under Cyclic Load of Spherical Rolling Bodies." Materials Science Forum 942 (January 2019): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.942.59.

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The paper presents the experimental results of the possible use of the type 2024-T351 aluminum alloy for manufacturing the ball bearing rings of the rotary support system of the calibration equipment for magnetometric inclinometers. Non-magnetic materials for ball bearing manufacturing are reviewed. The description is given to the test equipment and procedures. The experimental results demonstrate that the type 2024-T351 aluminum alloy can be used for manufacturing a tailor-made ball bearing of the rotary support system. Stresses arising in the contact area do not exceed the allowable values of smax £ (0.3–0.5)s0,2.

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Veljic, Darko, Bojan Medjo, Marko Rakin, Zoran Radosavljevic, and Nikola Bajic. "Analysis of the tool plunge in friction stir welding - comparison of aluminium alloys 2024 T3 and 2024 T351." Thermal Science 20, no. 1 (2016): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci150313059v.

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Temperature, plastic strain and heat generation during the plunge stage of the friction stir welding (FSW) of high-strength aluminium alloys 2024 T3 and 2024 T351 are considered in this work. The plunging of the tool into the material is done at different rotating speeds. A three-dimensional finite element (FE) model for thermomechanical simulation is developed. It is based on arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation, and Johnson-Cook material law is used for modelling of material behaviour. From comparison of the numerical results for alloys 2024 T3 and 2024 T351, it can be seen that the former has more intensive heat generation from the plastic deformation, due to its higher strength. Friction heat generation is only slightly different for the two alloys. Therefore, temperatures in the working plate are higher in the alloy 2024 T3 for the same parameters of the plunge stage. Equivalent plastic strain is higher for 2024 T351 alloy, and the highest values are determined under the tool shoulder and around the tool pin. For the alloy 2024 T3, equivalent plastic strain is the highest in the influence zone of the tool pin.

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Li, Zhi Hui, Bai Qing Xiong, Yon Gan Zhang, Xin Yu Lu, Zhen Bo He, Long Bin Jin, Xi Wu Li, and Xiao Lei Han. "Research on Multi-Artificial Aging Applied to Aluminum Alloy 7150 Plate." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.340.

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The AA 7150-T351, in the form of 40 mm thick plates, was subjected to single-stage aging leading to peak aged condition, and two selected multi-artificial aging treatments leading to the over aged conditions. The microstructural differences along the thickness direction of the AA 7150-T351 plate were investigated using OM and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique, and the microstructural characterization was studied at different stages of multi-artificial ageing process by transmission electron microscopy. Tensile properties and electrical conductivity measurements were used to evaluate the property homogeneity along the thickness direction of the plate under various artificial aging tempers. It was revealed that the microstructural features and tensile property are inhomogeneous in different layers along the thickness direction, and both grain structure and tensile property exhibit appreciable anisotropy at the same thickness layer. The volume fraction of recrystallized grain of T351 plate in the near surface layer is higher than that in the center layer remarkably. It is also shown that two selected multi-artificial aging tempers can provide optimal precipitates in matrix and at grain boundaries, which gives rise to a combination of high strength and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance in such materials.

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Rosales, Blanca M., and Mariano Iannuzzi. "Aluminium AA2024 T351 aeronautical alloy." Materials Science and Engineering: A 472, no. 1-2 (January 2008): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.06.079.

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Gainor, Kerry, Kimberly M. Stewart, Angela Picknell, Morgan Russ, Noah Makela, Kierra Watson, Diana M. Mancuso, Yashpal Singh Malik, and Souvik Ghosh. "First Report on Detection and Complete Genomic Analysis of a Novel CRESS DNA Virus from Sea Turtles." Pathogens 12, no. 4 (April 15, 2023): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12040601.

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To date, only a handful of viruses have been identified in sea turtles. Although eukaryotic circular Rep (replication initiation protein)-encoding single-stranded DNA (CRESS DNA) viruses have been reported from a wide variety of terrestrial species, and some of these viruses have been associated with clinical conditions in certain animals, limited information is available on CRESS DNA viruses from marine life. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of CRESS DNA viruses in sea turtles. In the present study, two (samples T3 and T33) of the 34 cloacal samples from 31 sea turtles (found in ocean waters around the Caribbean Islands of St. Kitts and Nevis) tested positive for CRESS DNA viruses by a pan-rep nested PCR assay. The partial Rep sequence of T3 shared 75.78% of a deduced amino acid (aa) identity with that of a CRESS DNA virus (classified under family Circoviridae) from a mollusk. On the other hand, the complete genome (2428 bp) of T33 was determined by an inverse nested PCR assay. The genomic organization of T33 mirrored those of type II CRESS DNA viral genomes of cycloviruses, characterized by the putative “origin of replication” in the 5’-intergenic region, and the putative Capsid (Cap)- and Rep-encoding open reading frame on the virion-sense- and antisense-strand, respectively. The putative Rep (322 aa) of T33 retained the conserved “HUH endonuclease” and the “super 3 family helicase” domains and shared pairwise aa identities of ~57% with unclassified CRESS DNA viruses from benthic sediment and mollusks. Phylogenetically, the T33 Rep formed a distinct branch within an isolated cluster of unclassified CRESS DNA viruses. The putative Cap (370 aa) of T33 shared maximum pairwise aa identity of 30.51% with an unclassified CRESS DNA virus from a capybara. Except for a blood sample from T33 that tested negative for CRESS DNA viruses, other tissue samples were not available from the sea turtles. Therefore, we could not establish whether the T3 and T33 viral strains infected the sea turtles or were of dietary origin. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the detection of CRESS DNA viruses from sea turtles, adding yet another animal species to the rapidly expanding host range of these viruses. Complete genome analysis of T33 identified a novel, unclassified CRESS DNA virus, providing insights into the high genetic diversity between viruses within the phylum Cressdnaviricota. Considering that sea turtles are an at-risk species, extensive studies on virus discovery, surveillance, and pathogenesis in these marine animals are of the utmost importance.

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Satpathy, Sweety, and Amitava Ghosh. "On Material Removal Mechanism in High Speed Single Grit Scratch-Grinding of Cryo-Treated Al2024-T351 Aluminium Alloy." Materials Science Forum 1009 (August 2020): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1009.123.

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Feasibility of utilizing cryogenic technology to improve the shearability of Al2024-T351 alloy is experimentally investigated by carrying out a single grit scratch-grinding test. A single grit brazed diamond grinding tool is developed for the study. Al2024-T351 work specimens are treated with liquid nitrogen for 6 hours before the scratch test. Although there was no significant change in the tensile strength of the material, the surface experiences change in the microhardness. It helps in arresting the side flow and ploughing of the material during high speed scratch grinding. The scratched grooves on cryo-treated samples, compare to those of untreated specimens, shows signs of cleaner shear-cuts, superior finish and produces less grinding force during grinding

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Lekha P. S., Amoghappa Jakkaral Shridevi, Nachiketha T. K., Dushyantha Kumar, B. Halingali I., and Jayashree S. "Genetic Analysis of M5 Generation of Gamma Irradiated Red Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Mutant lines." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 14, no. 3 (March 11, 2024): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i34047.

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In rice, induced mutations play a significant role in development of semi dwarf and high yielding variants. The genetic variability induced by four Gamma rays treatments was studied in traditional red rice variety Kajejaya in Randomized complete block design with two replications during Kharif 2021. Analysis of variance documented Gamma rays treatment brought significant variability and exhibited a wide range of values for all traits. Six superior mutants(T35-L-06, T35-L-17, T35-L-15, T45-L-07 T45-L-13 and T45-L-06) exhibited more number of productive tillers/plant, panicle length, number of filled grains/panicle, high test weight and higher grain yield/plant and T45-L-13, T45-L-06 and T35-L-15 mutants took lesser days to mature(114,117.5 and 118 days) and exhibited reduced plant height(84, 80 and 72cm) compared to untreated parent check. Induced mutations were effective in creating variability in plant height and maturity duration along with increased mean of reproductive components at higher doses (35kR and 45kR) as compared to lower doses(15kR and 25kR).

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Xu, Jin Yang, Qing Long An, and Ming Chen. "Analysis on Milling Performance of 2024-T351 Aluminum Alloy Using TiAlN Coated Carbide Cutting Tools." Materials Science Forum 697-698 (September 2011): 218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.697-698.218.

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This research is concerned with the analytical and experimental study on milling of 2024-T351 aluminum alloy with TiAlN coated carbide cutting tools in both low-speed machining and high-speed machining. The results are analyzed in terms of surface roughness and residual stresses of the workpiece. Surface roughness studies indicate that in high-speed milling of 2024-T351 aluminum alloy the surface roughness can maintain a lower value and the workpiece can obtain excellent surface quality compared to the low-speed machining. The high-speed milling was found to be able to enhance the original residual stresses of the workpiece; while the low-speed milling may weaken or undermine the original residual stresses, or even transform the initial compressive stresses into the tensile stresses.

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26

Hayashi, Keiji, Yasushi Honda, Takeshi Ogawa, Narihiko Kondo, and Takeshi Nishiyasu. "Relationship between ventilatory response and body temperature during prolonged submaximal exercise." Journal of Applied Physiology 100, no. 2 (February 2006): 414–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00541.2005.

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We examined whether an increase in skin temperature or the rate of increase in core body temperature influences the relationship between minute ventilation (V̇e) and core temperature during prolonged exercise in the heat. Thirteen subjects exercised for 60 min on a cycle ergometer at 50% of peak oxygen uptake while wearing a suit perfused with water at 10°C (T10), 35°C (T35), or 45°C (T45). During the exercise, esophageal temperature (Tes), skin temperature, heart rate (HR), V̇e, tidal volume, respiratory frequency (f), respiratory gases, blood pressure (BP), and blood lactate were all measured. We found that oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide output, BP, and blood lactate did not differ among the sessions. Tes, HR, V̇e, and f remained nearly constant from minute 10 onward in the T10 session, but all of these parameters progressively increased in the T35 and T45 sessions, and significantly higher levels were seen in the T45 than the T35 session. For all but two subjects in the T35 and T45 sessions, plotting V̇e as a function of Tes revealed no threshold for hyperventilation; instead, increases in V̇e were linearly related to Tes, and there were no significant differences in the slopes or intercepts between the T35 and T45 sessions. Thus, during prolonged submaximal exercise in the heat, V̇e increases with core temperature, and the influences of skin temperature and the rate of increase in Tes on the relationship between V̇e and Tes are apparently small.

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27

Hou, Yan Hui, Zhi Yi Liu, and Yan Bin Liu. "Modeling and Analysis of Effect of Thermal Exposure on Fatigue Crack Growth of Al-Cu-Mg Alloys with Low Cu/Mg Ratio." Advanced Materials Research 213 (February 2011): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.213.111.

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Effect of thermal exposure on FCG of Al-Cu-Mg alloys with low Cu/Mg ratio in artificial and natural ageing conditions were modeled and analyzed. Three FCG rate models, namely Collipriest, Priddle, and Modified Forman model were examined to research the effect of thermal exposure on FCG of Al-Cu-Mg alloys with low Cu/Mg ratio in artificial and natural ageing conditions. The results showed that Priddle model provided the best fit. Priddle model was used to fit FCG data of (a) 170°C/30min ageing; (b)170°C/30min ageing +100°C/2000h exposure; (c)T351 ageing+100°C/2000h exposure; (d)T351 ageing. The fitted results indicated that the FCP resistance can be increased by slight artificial aging, and artificial aging can delay the degradation of the fatigue properties

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Dalla Libera, Luciano, Barbara Ravara, Valerio Gobbo, Elena Tarricone, Maurizio Vitadello, Gianni Biolo, Giorgio Vescovo, and Luisa Gorza. "A transient antioxidant stress response accompanies the onset of disuse atrophy in human skeletal muscle." Journal of Applied Physiology 107, no. 2 (August 2009): 549–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00280.2009.

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It is presently unknown whether oxidative stress increases in disused skeletal muscle in humans. Markers of oxidative stress were investigated in biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle, collected from healthy subjects before [ time 0 (T0)], after 1 wk (T8), and after 5 wk (T35) of bed rest. An 18% decrease in fiber cross-sectional area was detected in T35 biopsies ( P < 0.05). Carbonylation of muscle proteins significantly increased about twofold at T35 ( P < 0.02) and correlated positively with the decrease in fiber cross-sectional area ( P = 0.04). Conversely, T8 biopsies showed a significant increase in protein levels of heme oxygenase-1 and glucose-regulated protein-75 (Grp75)/mitochondrial heat shock protein-70, two stress proteins involved in the antioxidant defense ( P < 0.05). Heme oxygenase-1 increase, which involved a larger proportion of slow fibers compared with T0, appeared blunted in T35 biopsies. Grp75 protein level increased threefold in T8 biopsies and localized especially in slow fibers ( P < 0.025), to decrease significantly in T35 biopsies ( P < 0.05). Percent change in Grp75 levels positively correlated with fiber cross-sectional area ( P = 0.01). Parallel investigations on rat soleus muscles, performed after 1–15 days of hindlimb suspension, showed that Grp75 protein levels significantly increased after 24 h of unloading ( P = 0.02), i.e., before statistically significant evidence of muscle atrophy, to decrease thereafter in relation to the degree of muscle atrophy ( P = 0.03). Therefore, in humans as in rodents, disuse muscle atrophy is characterized by increased protein carbonylation and by the blunting of the antioxidant stress response evoked by disuse.

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Martín-Ruiz, Susana, Francisco J. Aceituno, Miguel Abril, Luis P. Costillo, Antonio García, José Luis de la Rosa, Isabel Bustamante, et al. "T35: A Small Automatic Telescope for Long-Term Observing Campaigns." Advances in Astronomy 2010 (2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/869810.

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The T35 is a small telescope () equipped with a large format CCD camera installed in the Sierra Nevada Observatory (SNO) in Southern Spain. This telescope will be a useful tool for the detecting and the studying of pulsating stars, particularly, in open clusters. In this paper, we describe the automation process of the T35 and also show some images taken with the new instrumentation.

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Zaroog, Omar Suliman, Aidy Ali, and Sahari B. Barkawi. "Prediction of Residual Stress Relaxation of Shot Peened 2024-T351 Aluminum Alloy: Part 2." Key Engineering Materials 462-463 (January 2011): 1349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.462-463.1349.

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The initial compressive residual stresses induced or inherent in a component will not remain stable during the life of the component, it relax and redistributed. In design of the component, it is important to consider the relaxation of residual stress phenomenon. In this study, equations to predict residual stress relaxation of 2024 T351 aluminium alloy specimens were proposed. The equations developed from the experimental data of 2024 T351 aluminium alloy specimens that were shot peened under three different shot peening intensities and undergoing cyclic tests for two load magnitudes for 1, 2, 10, 1000 and 10000 cycles. The residual stress, cold work and microhardness results were recorded after each cyclic load as well as the initial state. The presented model incorporates parameters including the degree of cold work, initial induced residual stress and the number of applied loading cycles.

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Petit, Jean, Christine Sarrazin-Baudoux, and Michel Gerland. "Influence of Microstructure, Environment and Temperature on Fatigue Crack Propagation in 2XXX Aluminium Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 592-593 (November 2013): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.592-593.22.

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Aluminum alloys, widely used for constitutive parts of aircrafts are confronted to a wide range of temperature depending on altitude and climate, from room temperature on the ground down to some 223K at high altitude. The fatigue crack growth behavior of two new generation aluminum alloys, 2024A in T351 temper and 2022 in T351 and T851 tempers, have been investigated at both temperatures. It is shown that temperature and air humidity do not affect the crack growth resistance of the peak aged 2022 while these two parameters widely influence the crack growth in the under-aged alloys which exhibit in cold air a crystallographic retarded propagation similar to that in vacuum. The respective role of microstructure, temperature, atmosphere residual humidity and crack closure is discussed on the basis of a preexisting modeling framework for environmentally assisted fatigue.

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Lou, Qi, and Wei Du. "Preliminary Study of Testing Specimen Thickness Effect on Fracture Toughness for X70 Steel." Key Engineering Materials 744 (July 2017): 264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.744.264.

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The influences of testing specimen thickness (TST) on fracture toughness, including drop weight tear test shear area (DWTT) and crack tip opening distance (CTOD), are studied by experimental method for X70 steel. Results show that DWTT and CTOD reduce gradually with the specimen thickness increasing, showing an apparent TST effect. DWTT results also show that the TST effect is more significant at the middle transition temperature range. Parameters including J-integral, constraint parameters (T33&Tz) and plastic volume ratio (Vr) of SENB specimens with different thickness are calculated by FEA method. Then the TST effect correlation of |T33|, Tz and Vr are compared. All parameters show a strong thickness dependent. Crack tip constraint parameters, |T33| and Tz, have a similar variation tendency, but different from that of J. Contrary, Vr has a more similar variation tendency with J. Therefore, plastic deformation behavior cannot be ignored during studying the TST effect of X70 steel. Vr can be treated as an alternate parameter to explain TST effect.

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Huang, Zhongdong, Jolinda A. Traugh, and J. Michael Bishop. "Negative Control of the Myc Protein by the Stress-Responsive Kinase Pak2." Molecular and Cellular Biology 24, no. 4 (February 15, 2004): 1582–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.24.4.1582-1594.2004.

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ABSTRACT Pak2 is a serine/threonine kinase that participates in the cellular response to stress. Among the potential substrates for Pak2 is the protein Myc, encoded by the proto-oncogene MYC. Here we demonstrate that Pak2 phosphorylates Myc at three sites (T358, S373, and T400) and affects Myc functions both in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylation at all three residues reduces the binding of Myc to DNA, either by blocking the requisite dimerization with Max (through phosphorylation at S373 and T400) or by interfering directly with binding to DNA (through phosphorylation at T358). Phosphorylation by Pak2 inhibits the ability of Myc to activate transcription, to sustain cellular proliferation, to transform NIH 3T3 cells in culture, and to elicit apoptosis on serum withdrawal. These results indicate that Pak2 is a negative regulator of Myc, suggest that inhibition of Myc plays a role in the cellular response to stress, and raise the possibility that Pak2 may be the product of a tumor suppressor gene.

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Hou, Jianghui, Vijay Renigunta, Mingzhu Nie, Abby Sunq, Nina Himmerkus, Catarina Quintanova, Markus Bleich, Aparna Renigunta, and Matthias Tilmann Florian Wolf. "Phosphorylated claudin-16 interacts with Trpv5 and regulates transcellular calcium transport in the kidney." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 38 (September 5, 2019): 19176–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1902042116.

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Familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC) was previously considered to be a paracellular channelopathy caused by mutations in the claudin-16 and claudin-19 genes. Here, we provide evidence that a missense FHHNC mutation c.908C>G (p.T303R) in the claudin-16 gene interferes with the phosphorylation in the claudin-16 protein. The claudin-16 protein carrying phosphorylation at residue T303 is localized in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) but not in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of the mouse kidney. The phosphomimetic claudin-16 protein carrying the T303E mutation but not the wildtype claudin-16 or the T303R mutant protein increases the Trpv5 channel conductance and membrane abundance in human kidney cells. Phosphorylated claudin-16 and Trpv5 are colocalized in the luminal membrane of the mouse DCT tubule; phosphomimetic claudin-16 and Trpv5 interact in the yeast and mammalian cell membranes. Knockdown of claudin-16 gene expression in transgenic mouse kidney delocalizes Trpv5 from the luminal membrane in the DCT. Unlike wildtype claudin-16, phosphomimetic claudin-16 is delocalized from the tight junction but relocated to the apical membrane in renal epithelial cells because of diminished binding affinity to ZO-1. High-Ca2+ diet reduces the phosphorylation of claudin-16 protein at T303 in the DCT of mouse kidney via the PTH signaling cascade. Knockout of the PTH receptor, PTH1R, from the mouse kidney abrogates the claudin-16 phosphorylation at T303. Together, these results suggest a pathogenic mechanism for FHHNC involving transcellular Ca2+ pathway in the DCT and identify a molecular component in renal Ca2+ homeostasis under direct regulation of PTH.

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Nie, Nan, Xin Zhang, Chu Fang, Qiu Zhu, Jiao Lu, Fu Zhang, Qing Yao, Wei Huang, Xue Ding, and Li Xia. "Game Theory in Molecular Nanosensing System for Rapid Detection of Hg2+ in Aqueous Solutions." Applied Sciences 8, no. 12 (December 7, 2018): 2530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8122530.

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Game theory—the scientific study of interactive, rational decision making—describes the interaction of two or more players from macroscopic organisms to microscopic cellular and subcellular levels. Life based on molecules is the highest and most complex expression of molecular interactions. However, using simple molecules to expand game theory for molecular decision-making remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept molecular game-theoretical system (molecular prisoner’s dilemma) that relies on formation of the thymine–Hg2+–thymine hairpin structure specifically induced by Hg2+ and fluorescence quenching and molecular adsorption capacities of cobalt oxyhydroxide (CoOOH) nanosheets, resulting in fluorescence intensity and distribution change of polythymine oligonucleotide 33-repeat thymines (T33). The “bait” molecule, T33, interacted with two molecular players, CoOOH and Hg2+, in different states (absence = silence and presence = betrayal), regarded as strategies. We created conflicts (sharing or self-interest) of fluorescence distribution of T33, quantifiable in a 2 × 2 payoff matrix. In addition, the molecular game-theoretical-system based on T33 and CoOOH was used for sensing Hg2+ over the range of 20 to 600 nM with the detection limit of 7.94 nM (3σ) and for determination of Hg2+ in pond water. Inspired by the proof-of-concept for molecular game theory, various molecular decision-making systems could be developed, which would help promote molecular information processing and generating novel molecular intelligent decision systems for environmental monitoring and molecular diagnosis and therapy.

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Lefebvre, F., Shao Ping Wang, Marco J. Starink, and I. Sinclair. "Microstructural Features of Fusion Welded 2024-T351." Materials Science Forum 396-402 (July 2002): 1555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.396-402.1555.

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37

Beaver, P. W., M. Heller, and T. V. Rose. "DETERMINATIONS OF JICFOR 2024-T351 ALUMINIUM ALLOY." Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures 10, no. 6 (November 1987): 495–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1987.tb00499.x.

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38

Madden, Samuel B., and John R. Scully. "Inhibition of AA2024-T351 Corrosion Using Permanganate." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 161, no. 3 (2014): C162—C175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.075403jes.

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Ding, Shuiting, Guo Li, and Mingchun Deng. "Experimental Study of an Actively Managed Thermal Loading Method in Turbine Disk." Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 28, no. 1 (January 2014): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.t3953.

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40

Chassaigne-Ricciulli, Alberto A., Leopoldo E. Mendoza-Onofre, Leobigildo Córdova-Téllez, Aquiles Carballo-Carballo, Félix M. San Vicente-García, and Thanda Dhliwayo. "Development of Seed Production Technology of CIMMYT Tropical Single Cross Maize Hybrids." Agriculture 10, no. 7 (July 2, 2020): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10070259.

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Medium and small seed companies require information on maize parental seed production to make rational choices on what germplasm to introduce into their seed and breeding pipelines. The objective of this study was to generate public data on the appropriate hybrid seed production information of five female lines (T21, T26, T28, T33 and T38) and one line (T10) as a male hybrid parent. The effect of female and male sowing date and sowing density on hybrid seed production characteristics including flowering time, flowering duration, distance between tassel and stigmas and effective seed yield was determined. Recommendations to stagger male and female sowing to achieve flowering synchrony for the hybrid parents were complemented with data of seedling growth stages. The results were similar for T21, T26, T28, and T38; sowing the female and T10 on a row proportion of 4 females:1 male, and on a second date, when the coleoptiles of the female plants are halfway to emerge, sowing the missing male row to complete the 4:2 ratio. T33 is a late flowering line, therefore it is desirable to sow T33 first and T10 five days later, or when the T33 coleoptile begins to emerge. Plant densities did not cause differences in most plant characteristics. Line T21 showed good female parental traits. While this study provides a knowledge framework for seed production technology for these single cross hybrids, data specific to seed production regions need to be generated by seed companies to define the best regimes for hybrid production.

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Xiao, Qingli, Weihao Zhao, Chenyi Ju, Kui Peng, Ming Yuan, Qizhong Tan, Rong He, and Mingbin Huang. "Effects of Different Tillage Depths on Soil Physical Properties and the Growth and Yield of Tobacco in the Mountainous Chongqing Region of China." Agriculture 14, no. 2 (February 8, 2024): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14020276.

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Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is the most important cash crop in the mountainous Chongqing region, where mini rotary tillers are widely used for land preparation. The decline in tobacco yields has been partially attributed to deteriorating soil physical properties and the formation of plough pans as a result of the repeated use of the mini rotary tiller. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different tillage depths on soil physical properties and the growth and yield of tobacco. Three tillage depths were evaluated: mini rotary tillage to 15 cm (T15) as a control, medium-deep tillage to 25 cm (T25), and deep tillage to 35 cm (T35). Total porosity, capillary porosity, and soil water content were measured for each treatment, and the root distribution, agronomical traits, and dry matter accumulation were monitored at different growing stages. Tobacco yield and output value were determined following the harvest. Compared to T15, T35 significantly increased total porosity and capillary porosity in the 10–40 cm soil layer and soil water content in the 0–40 cm soil layer, while T25 improved soil physical properties but not significantly. T35 significantly promoted dry matter accumulation and root, stem, and leaf growth compared to T15, while differences in some agronomic traits between T25 and T15 were not significant. Compared to T15, T35 and T25 increased the tobacco yield by 17.2–18.9% and 8.0–10.1%, respectively, and increased the output value by 44.4–46.4% and 29.2–32.6%, respectively. The results indicate that deep tillage improves soil physical properties, breaks plough pans, stimulates root growth, and increases tobacco yield and output value.

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Hadjoui, Fethi, Mustapha Benachour, Mohamed Benguediab, and Abdelhamid Hadjoui. "Crack Propagation of Aluminum Alloy 2024 T351 under Constant Amplitude Loading Using Crack Closure Concept." Applied Mechanics and Materials 749 (April 2015): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.749.327.

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The crack propagation behavior in a 2024 T351 Aluminum Alloy under constant amplitude loading has been studied. This study is analyzed in term of crack opening load measurements using a compliance technique. The results obtained under constant amplitude fatigue tests show that different crack propagation stages can be identified. Significant effects due to load ratio changes have been quantified.

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43

Ruben, Ngouana Tadjong, Zango Paul, Asseng Gabriel, and Kana Jean Raphaël. "Zootechnical Performance of Cyprinus carpio Fry in Unfertilized Ponds Fed a Local Feed Formulated with Musca domestica Larvae Flour." Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research 26, no. 2 (February 7, 2024): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajfar/2024/v26i2732.

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Objective: this study on the effect of the level of incorporation of Musca domestica maggot flour on some zootechnical performances of Cyprinus carpio fry in unfertilized ponds. Study design: The study took place at the Laboratory of Aquaculture and Demography of Fisheries Resources (LADRHa) in the Yabassi District, Nkam department, coastal region-Cameroon and duration 2 months. Methodology: 375 Cyprinus carpio fry with an average weight of 1.73±0.13g were used. After reception and acclimatization for two days. Five food rations were formulated T0+ (coppens), T0- without maggot flour and three other food rations T25, T30 and T35 were formulated from the basic ration T0- by incorporating 25%, 30%, 35% maggot flour. The fry were distributed in 15 circular basins of 40L each and a diameter of 395mm in a completely redomized device and repeated three times, installed in an unfertilized pond of 200m2 fed by a water retention dam. Each happa contained 25 fry. The fry were fed manually, 02 times per day at 10% of their ichthyo biomass until the end of the experiment. Control fishing was carried out every fourteen days. Results: The survival rate was significantly higher (p˂0.05) with the T0- treatment and low with the T35 treatment. The highest average weight was recorded with the T0+ treatment (coppens) and the lowest with the treatment containing 35% maggot meal. Daily weight gain was high with the T0+ (coppens) treatment and lower with T35. The specific growth rate was higher with the T0+ (coppens) treatment and lower with the T30 treatment. The consumption index was lower with the T0+ treatment (coppens) and higher with the T35 treatment. Conclusion: It emerges from this study that the fry of Cyprinus carpio nouris fed feed containing 25% of Musca domestica maggot meal recorded higher zootechnical performances compared to those fed feed containing 30 and 35%.

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Gress, David L., and Ronald L. Kozikowski. "Accelerated Alkali-Silica Reactivity Testing of Recycled Concrete Pavement." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1698, no. 1 (January 2000): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1698-01.

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Techniques and procedures are investigated for assessing the alkali–silica reactivity (ASR) expansion potential of concrete that was made from recycled concrete aggregate, was known to have ASR, or was capable of ASR under conditions of increased alkalinity. Laboratory tests included evaluating prisms characterized by variable surface-to-volume ratios, increased temperature, microwave energy, increased alkali content, and ultrasonic energy. Standard 280-mm (11-in.) prisms with 76.2-mm (3-in.) faces, which were cast with four 6.35-mm (0.5-in.) parallel longitudinal holes, were shown to accelerate ASR and to lower the coefficient of variation of the expansion data. The expansions of 76.2-mm (3-in.) concrete cubes were found to be greatly accelerated, compared with standard prisms. Concrete prisms were subjected to AASHTO T303 and ASTM 1293 conditions and were compared to modified versions of the same tests. Modified AASHTO T303 and modified ASTM 1293 conditions were found to effectively accelerate ASR in concrete prisms cast with holes. Prisms that were sealed in evacuated plastic bags with water were found to effectively accelerate ASR expansion. Testing to date has eliminated the use of ultrasonic energy because it was shown to have no effect on ASR acceleration.

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Shneine, Jewad, Marc Voswinkel, Matthias Federwisch, and Axel Wollmer. "Enhancing the T R Transition of Insulin by Helix-Promoting Sequence Modifications at the N-Terminal B-Chain." Biological Chemistry 381, no. 2 (February 15, 2000): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bc.2000.018.

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Abstract Structurally, the T→R transition of insulin mainly consists of a rearrangement of the N-terminal B-chain (residues B1–B8) from extended to helical in one or both of the trimers of the hexamer. The dependence of the transition on the nature of the ligands inducing it, such as inorganic anions or phenolic compounds, as well as of the metal ions complexing the hexamer, has been the subject of extensive investigations. This study explores the effect of helix-enhancing modifications of the N-terminal B-chain sequence where the transition actually occurs, with special emphasis on N-capping. In total 15 different analogues were prepared by semisynthesis. 80% of the hexamers of the most successful analogues with zinc were found to adopt the T3R3 state in the absence of any transforming ligands, as compared to only 4% of wild-type insulin. Transformation with SCN− ions can exceed the T3R3 state where it stops in the case of wild-type insulin. Full transformation to the R6 state can be achieved by only one-tenth the phenol concentration required for wild-type insulin, i. e. almost at the stoichiometric ratio of 6 phenols per hexamer.

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Zaroog, Omar Suliman, Aidy Ali, and Sahari B. Barkawi. "Characterization of Shot Peened 2024-T351 Aluminum Alloy." Key Engineering Materials 462-463 (January 2011): 912–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.462-463.912.

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Specimens of 2024-T351 aluminium alloy under different three shot peening intensities were studied. The modifications of the surface layers of the shot peened specimens were investigated through microhardness, surface microstructure and residual stress relaxation after the first and second load cycles under two cyclic loads. No significant changes in microstructure after the three shot peeing intensities were observed with respect to untreated specimens. Rapid residual stress relaxation was observed in specimens after the first cycle. Relaxation of residual stresses occurred within first loading cycles were increased with increasing loading stress amplitude and due to quasi-static relaxation effects.

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47

Ali, A., M. W. Brown, C. A. Rodopoulos, and S. Gardiner. "Characterization of 2024-T351 friction stir welding joints." Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention 6, no. 4 (August 2006): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1361/154770206x117559.

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Quan, G., J. Heerens, and W. Brocks. "Distribution Characteristics of Constituent Particles in Thick Plate of 2024 AI-T351 / Verteilungscharakteristika von Einschlüssen in 2024 AI-T351 Grobblech." Practical Metallography 41, no. 6 (June 1, 2004): 304–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pm-2004-410610.

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Wei, Xin-Ying, Zhi-Bin He, Shun-Qi Yuan, Hao Wu, Xin-Xin Zhi, Yan Zhang, Shu-Jing Chen, and Jin-Gang Liu. "Enhancement of Ultraviolet Light Resistance of Colorless and Transparent Semi-Alicyclic Polyimide Nanocomposite Films via the Incorporation of Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers for Potential Applications in Flexible Optoelectronics." Polymers 14, no. 6 (March 9, 2022): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14061091.

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Optically transparent polymer films with excellent thermal and ultraviolet (UV) resistance have been highly desired in advanced optoelectronic fields, such as flexible substrates for photovoltaic devices. Colorless and transparent polyimide (CPI) films simultaneously possess the good thermal stability and optical transparency. However, conventional CPI films usually suffered from the UV exposure and have to face the deterioration of optical properties during the long-term service in UV environments. In the current work, the commercially available hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) were tried to be incorporated into the semi-alicyclic CPI matrix with the aim of enhancing the UV exposure stability. For this target, a CPI-0 film was first prepared from hydrogenated pyromellitic dianhydride (HPMDA) and 2,2′-dimethylbenzidine (DMBZ) via a one-step polycondensation procedure. Then, the commercially available HALS were incorporated into the CPI-0 (HPMDA-DMBZ) film matrix to afford four series of CPI/HALS composite films. Experimental results indicated that the Tinuvin® 791 HALS showed the best miscibility with the CPI-0 film matrix and the derived CPI-D series of composite films exhibited the best optical transmittances. The CPI-D nanocomposite films showed apparently enhanced UV exposure stability via incorporation of the 791 additives. For the pristine CPI-0 film, after the UV exposure for 6 h, the optical properties, including the transmittance at the wavelength of 350 nm (T350), lightness (L*), yellow indices (b*), and haze obviously deteriorated with the T350 values from 55.7% to 17.5%, the L* values from 95.12 to 91.38, the b* values from 3.38 to 21.95, and the haze values from 1.46% to 9.33%. However, for the CPI-D-10 film (791: CPI-0 = 1.0 wt%, weight percent), the optical parameters were highly maintained with the T350 values from 61.4% to 53.8%, the L* values from 95.46 to 95.36, the b* values from 1.84 to 1.51, and the haze values from 0.69% to 3.34% under the same UV aging conditions.

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Soltekin, Oguzhan, and Ahmet Altındisli. "Effects of water deficit regimes on yield components and berry composition of ‘Black Kishmish’ under Mediterranean region." BIO Web of Conferences 68 (2023): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20236801003.

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The effects of different irrigation treatments on yield components and berry composition of ‘Black Kismish’ table grape were investigated in this study. Research was carried out in the experimental vineyards of Viticulture Research Institute, Manisa, Türkiye. Research took place for three consecutive (2015-2016-2017) years and three treatments were compared: T100 (control) irrigated to the field capacity, T65 and T35 irrigated 65% and 35% of T100 treatment, respectively. It was determined that yield value obtained by Full Irrigation was 11% and 18% higher than T65 and T35, respectively. In addition, some of the bio-active compounds such as total anthocyanin content, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity and maturity parameters were increased with water stress. Also, color index of red grapes increased with deficit irrigation treatments. As a result, to ensure optimum yield and quality in Manisa conditions, it was determined that table grape growing without irrigation was not suitable and the irrigation requirement of the grapevine should be fully supplied during the growing season for high grape yield. When the water footprint and functional food concepts were taken into consideration, water deficit treatments (T65 and T35) became prominent due to the use of less water and higher nutrient content of the grapes obtained.

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