Journal articles on the topic 'T. viride'
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1
Kumar, Ramesh, Sanjeev Kumar, and Balkishan Chaudhary. "Effects of Trichoderma Species on the Growth of Fusarium Verticillioides." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 50, no. 2 (June 18, 2021): 423–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v50i2.54101.
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Six biocontrol treatments viz., Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma virens, Trichoderma harzianum, T. harzianum + T. viride, T. harzianum + T. virens and T. viride + T. virens were evaluated to test the antagonism against Fusarium verticillioides under in vitro conditions. The maximum growth inhibition (90.6%) was recorded in consortium of T. harzianum + T. viride in dual culture technique . The volatile and non volatile compounds from the consortium of T. harzianum + T. viride also found best and suppressed the mycelial growth of F. verticillioides to the tune of 83.90 and 84.61 %, respectively.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 423-425, 2021 (June)
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Kushwaha, Shiva Kant, Sanjeev Kumar, and Balkishan Chaudhary. "Efficacy of Trichoderma against Sclerotium rolfsii causing collar rot disease of lentil under in vitro conditions." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i1.1622.
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Three biocontrol agents viz., Trichoderma viride, T. virens and T. harzianum were evaluated to test the antagonism against Sclerotium rolfsii under in vitro conditions. All the three antagonists’ viz., T. viride, T. virens and T. harzianum have shown the potential of parasitizing the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii in vitro. The rate of inhibition was fastest in T. harzianum (63.60%) followed by T virens (51.5 %). Least inhibition was recorded in T. viride (50.85% ) after 72 hours of incubation. However, T. viride showed the highest (91.31%) reduction in sclerotia formation followed by T. harzianum (84.92%) and T. virens (84.29%) after 15 days of incubation. The volatile compounds from Trichoderma viride were found most effective in suppressing the mycelial growth (51.11%) and sclerotia production (95.90%) of the target pathogen. The culture filtrate from both T. harzianum and T. viride (15% concentration) was found very effective in inhibiting the radial growth (57.46 and 49.62%) and sclerotia formation (98.20 and 99.83%) of Sclerotium rolfsii. The antagonists such as T. harzianum and T. viride can be used as a bio-control agent against S. rolfsii under field condition.
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Ekundayo, Esther Aanuoluwa. "Assessment of the haematological parameters and biochemical indices of albino rats fed with spores of Trichoderma viride." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 7, no. 17 (2020): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs(2020)071707.
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The haematological as well as some enzymes biomarkers of albino rats orogastically dosed with different concentrations of Trichoderma viride as well as T. viride subjected to various treatments were evaluated. Generally, red blood cell count, haemoglobin content and packed cell volume of the control group were significantly higher than that of animals dosed with different concentrations of T. viride. The same trend was observed when T. viride was amended with 1% lactose, sodium nitrate and sodium chloride. There were no significant differences in the alanine aspartate, alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase values of animals dosed with lower concentrations of T. viride. This study suggests that lower concentration of T. viride could be used in controlling fungal phytopathogens.
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Parkash, V., S. Sharma, and A. Aggarwal. "Symbiotic and synergistic efficacy of endomycorrhizae with Dendrocalamus strictus L." Plant, Soil and Environment 57, No. 10 (October 12, 2011): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/249/2010-pse.
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The present investigation was undertaken to find out efficient strains of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM fungi) alone or in combinations with Trichoderma viride for inoculation Dendrocalamus strictus L. seedlings. The inoculated seedlings showed good response having higher plant height, phosphorous ions content in root and shoot, AM spore number and root colonization than non-inoculated (control) seedlings in both single (alone) and co-inoculation (combined consortium) experiments. T. viride showed significant growth followed by Glomus mosseae, G. fasciculatum and mixed AM with single inoculation. In co-inoculation, the best growth responses were observed with G. fasciculatum + T. viride followed by G. mosseae + T. viride, mixed vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizas (VAM) + T. viride, G. mosseae + G. fasciculatum + T. viride + mixed VAM, G. mosseae + G. fasciculatum + T. viride and G. mosseae + G. fasciculatum after 120 days and also depicted maximum increase in phosphorus content of shoot and root when compared with other inoculated seedlings. However, all the inoculated seedlings showed significant increase in phosphorus content when compared with control seedlings.
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Patel, Monika, and Sanjeev Kumar. "The Evaluation of Trichoderma consortia against Fusarium udum causing wilt of Pigeonpea." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, no. 2 (May 22, 2021): 537–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i2.2656.
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Pigeonpea is one of the important pulse crop of Madhya Pradesh, a State of India. The plant gets infected by the pathogen Fusarium udum causing wilt disease, which is one of the major constraints in the production and productivity of pigeonpea. The present study aimed to carry out in vitro condition to assess the possible use of biocontrol consortia in field conditions. Six Trichoderma consortia viz., T1- T. viride + T. harzianum (JC-I), T2- T. viride + T. virens (JC-2), T3:- T. harzianum +T. virens (JC-3), T4- T. hamatum +T. viride (JC-4), T5- T. hamatum + T. harzianum (JC-5), T6- T. hamatum + T. virens (JC-6) and T0- Control were evaluated for their antagonistic activity against F. udumunder in vitro conditions. The consortia of T4- T. hamatum +T. viride (JC-4) was found most effective(58.82 %) in inhibiting the radial growth of Fusarium udum. The volatile compound from consortium of T5-T. hamatum + T. harzianum (JC-5) exhibited maximum growth inhibition (81.84%) and sporulation of Fusarium udum followed by T1-T. viride + T. harzianum (JC-I) (55.49% inhibition) . The culture filtrate of consortia of T4- T. hamatum +T. viride (JC-4) showed 100% inhibition of test pathogen followed by T5-T. hamatum + T. harzianum (JC-5) (82.89%) at 5 % concentration. It was also observed that with an increase in the concentration of culture filtrates of all the Trichoderma species, the radial mycelial growth of the test pathogen was proportionally decreased. The Trichodema consortium viz., T4- T. hamatum +T. viride (JC-4) may be tried in the field to manage wilt of pigeonpea because they worked synergistically and gave the high impact of their use.
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Makal, Henny V. G., Max M. Ratulangi, and Denny S. Sualang. "Exploration and Identification Trichoderma spp. as a Biological Control Agents to Plant Pathogens and Starter Making Biological Fertilizers." International Journal of ChemTech Research 13, no. 1 (2020): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20902/ijctr.2019.130127.
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The objectives of this study are: (1) to inventory Trichoderma spp. in North Minahasa District, South Minahasa District, and Tomohon City-Minahasa District, (2) inventory of Trichoderma spp. in the rhizosphere of cultivated and fallow gardens, and (3) calculate the population density of Trichoderma spp. all soil samples. The scope of this study is the biological control of plant pathogens, induce plant resistance, and biological fertilizer production. Trichoderma isolation spp. has been carried out by dilution method and cultured on PDA + antibiotics. Population density of Trichoderma spp. calculated using the plate calculation method. Identification of this species function based on the color and patterns of sporulation in the colony; hyphae and clamydospores; conidiophores; and phialides and phialospores. Trichoderma species found in North Minahasa District were T. harzianum, T. koningii, and T. viride; in South Minahasa District, T. koningii and T. viride; and in Tomohon City-Minahasa District, T. koningii and T. viride. In fallow gardens were T. harzianum, T. koningii, and T. viride, and in cultivated gardens were T. koningii and T. viride. Population densities of Trichoderma sp. in South Minahasa District, North Minahasa District, and Tomohon City-Minahasa District, respectively 1,363.64, 466.67, and 26.67 CFU / g soil.
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Lesmana, Andrik, Ning Iriyanti, and Titin Widiyastuti. "KADAR NDF DAN ADF KULIT BUAH KAKAO YANG DIFERMENTASI SECARA BERTINGKAT MENGGUNAKAN Trichoderma viride DAN Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NDF and ADF Levels of Cocoa Pod Husk Gradually Fermented Using Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae)." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan 8, no. 2 (July 28, 2020): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jitp.v8i2.6825.
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The research aimed to examine the effect of gradual fermentation using Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its most optimal level of use on lowering NDF and ADF levels of cocoa pod husks. The experiment was conducted experimentally according to a completely randomized design (CRD) consisted of four treatments and five replications. The treatments were R0: cocoa pod husks without fermentation, R1: cocoa pod husk fermentation (T. viride 4% and S. cerevisiae 4%), R2: cocoa pod husk fermentation (T. viride 8% and S. cerevisiae 8%), R3: cocoa pod husk fermentation (T. viride 12% and S. cerevisiae 12%). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the orthogonal polynomial test. The results showed that the gradual fermentation using T. viride and S. cerevisiae was highly significant in reducing levels of NDF and ADF of cocoa pod husks, following the equation Y = 78.926 – 0.087X – 0.092 X2 + 0.007 X3, (R2) = 93.4% and Y = 75.274 – 5.698X + 1.277 X2 – 0.073 X3, (R2) = 99.5%, respectively. In conclusion, the optimal level of using T. viride and S. cerevisiae in lowering the levels of NDF of cocoa pod husk was 9.21%, which can reduce the NDF level as much as 3.98%, while the optimal level of using T. viride and S. cerevisiae in lowering the levels of NDF of cocoa pod husks was 3.01%, which can decrease the ADF level as much as 10.01%.
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Oleszek, Wiesław, Keith R. Price, and Roger G. Fenwick. "The sensitivity of Trichoderma viride to medicagenic acid, its natural glucosides (saponins) and derivatives." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 57, no. 3 (2014): 361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1988.035.
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Medicagenic acid, its 3-0-glucopyranoside and 3,28-di-(0-glucopyranoside), their methyl esters and acetyl derivatives were tested for their potential to retard the growth of the fungus <em>T. viride</em>. The varying antifungal activities are discussed in relation to published data and to the applicability of <em>T. virile</em> - based biological methods for the quantification of saponins in plant material.
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Wahyuni, Siti Hardianti, and Dini Puspita Yanti Nst. "Pengaruh Kombinasi Berbagai Jenis Pupuk Organik yang Didekomposisi dengan Trichoderma Viride Terhadap Intensitas Kerusakan Bonggol Tanaman Pisang." Jurnal Pertanian Tropik 6, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 458–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jpt.v6i3.3197.
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Pengaruh kombinasi berbagai pupuk organic yang didekomposisi dengan Trichoderma viride terhadap intensitas kerusakan bonggol tanaman pisang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kombinasi jenis bahan organik dalam menekan intensitas kerusakan bonggol tanaman pisang terhadap Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp. cubense (Foc). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di lahan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Graha Nusantara Padangsidimpuan, mulai Februari sampai bulan Agustus 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri atas 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan adalah kombinasi berbagai bahan organik sebagai berikut : (a) Kotoran ayam dan jerami didekomposisi oleh T. viride, (b) Kotoran sapi dan jerami didekomposisi oleh T. viride, (c) Kotoran ayam dan kotoran sapi didekomposisi oleh T. viride, (d) Kotoran sapi, kotoran ayam dan jerami didekomposisi oleh T. viride, (e) Kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan intensitas kerusakan bonggol terendah yaitu pada perlakuan SAJ (menggunakan bahan organic kotoran sapi, kotoran ayam dan jerami) sebesar 0,42 %.
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Shubakov, A. А., V. V. Volodin, S. О. Volodina, and V. V. Martynov. "Step-by-step selection of highly productive cellulase activity colonies fungus Тrichoderma viride." Proceedings of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences 5 (2021): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/1994-5655-2021-5-72-77.
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The paper presents the results of the stepwise selection of highly productive by cellulase activity colonies of the fungus Trichoderma viride ARCIM 13/10 (F-120). To obtain and select T. viride 13/10 colonies, dense nutrient media were used, in which the carbon sources were soluble substrates (2 % sucrose, 2 % sodium carboxy-methyl cellulose) and in-soluble, hardly hydrolyzeble substrates (Whatman No. 1 filter paper and cellulose produced by JSC «Mondi Syktyvkar Timber Industry Complex»). Cellulase activity of T. viride 13/10 col¬onies was assessed by saccharification of filter paper. As a result of the selection of the T. viride 13/10 strain carried out according to the scheme developed by us, it was possible to in¬crease the cellulase activity of the strain in comparison with its initial activity by 6,2–7,0 times. Further selection, especially with the use of mutagenic factors, can further increase the level of cellulase synthesis by the culture of the fungus T. viride.
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Shamoli, FA, A. Khair, M. Bhadra, MA Hossain, and MM Sikder. "Symptomatology of fungal competitors on oyster mushrooms spawn packets and in vitro evaluation using phytoextracts and a fungicide." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 6, no. 2 (February 27, 2017): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v6i2.31701.
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An experiment was conducted to find out the fungal competitors and symptom studies in damaged Oyster Mushroom spawn packets at National Mushroom Development and Extension Center, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of nine fungal competitors of oyster mushroom were isolated and identified namely- Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, T. viride Pers. (Green strain), T. viride Pers. (Yellow strain), T. koningii Oudem, Mucor hiemalis Wehmer, Papulaspora byssina Hotson, Neurospora sp. Shear and B.O. Dodge., Aspergillus flavus Link., and Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. on the basis of microscopic, morphological and cultural characteristics. To produce oyster mushroom in an eco-friendly manner and to find out their antifungal potency, 23 plant species belonging to 19 families were screened out against isolated nine fungal competitors of oyster mushroom. Among 23 extracts, the maximum (44%) mycelial inhibition of T. harzianum was found due to Aegle marmelos whereas Eclipta alba showed the highest mycelial inhibition (62%) of T. viride (Green strain); in case of T. viride (Yellow strain), Cassia tora exhibited the highest mycelial inhibition (39%); Diospyros cordifolia showed the maximum mycelial inhibition (48%) of T. koningii; Curcuma longa (rhizome) gave the maximum mycelial inhibition (90%) of Neurospora sp. There were no significant effects found to control of P. byssina, B. theobromae, M. hiemalis and A. flavus due to 23 different types of botanicals tested. Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride (Green strain), T. viride (Yellow strain), T. koningii, A. flavus, Neurospora sp. and P. byssina was successfully inhibited by 30, 50 and 70 ppm of fungicide-Bavistin 50 WP but B. theobromae and M. hiemalis were not affected by Bavistin at mentioned concentration.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 6 (2): 24-30, December, 2016
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Ojha, Suprakash, Manoranjan Chakraborty, and Narayan Chandra Chatterjee. "Antagonistic potentials of Trichoderma Spp. against fruit rot of custard apple caused by Phoma ligam." Journal of Bio-Science 19 (December 19, 2012): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v19i0.12995.
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Context: Custard-apple (Annona squamosa Linn.) is a popular tropical fruit and fruit-rot disease caused by Phoma lingam leads to considerable qualitative and quantitative damages to the fruit in the area under study. Objective: Studies were conducted to investigate the antagonistic potential of five Trichoderma spp. namely, T. harzianum, T. hamatum, T. lignorum, T. reesei and T. viride against in vitro growth of the pathogen followed by field experiments. Materials and Methods: Dual culture plate, closed petriplate and food poisoning technique were followed in order to ascertain the antagonistic potential of the five species of Trichoderma. Hyphal interaction between the pathogen and T. viride was studied by collecting mycelial samples from the interaction zone of dual culture plate and was processed for scanning electron microscope. Plants with infected fruits were sprayed with spore suspension of T. viride and two commercial bioformulations of T. viride viz. Trichofix and Trichoguard for three times at a dose of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0% prepared in distilled water. Results: All the Trichoderma species more or less effectively inhibited the growth of the pathogen through mycoparasitism, production of volatile and non-volatile metabolites. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) micrographs revealed that hyphal interaction between P. lingam and T. viride leads to lysis of the pathogenic mycelium by the antagonist. Field experiments with spore suspension of T. viride and Trichofix and Trichoguard significantly reduced fruit rot incidence of custard-apple. Conclusion: The results of the current study indicate that adoption of biocontrol based disease management programmes can be effectively utilized against similar fruit diseases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v19i0.12995 J. bio-sci. 19: 15-21, 2011
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Banerjee, S., S. Pal, S. , Mukherjee, D. Podder, A. Mukherjee, A. Nandi, P. Debnath, P. K. Sur, and S. K. Ghosh. "CELLULAR ABNORMALITIES INDUCED BY TRICHODERMA SPP. DURING IN VITRO INTERACTION AND CONTROL OF WHITE MUSCARDINE (BEAUVERIA BASSIANA) AND GREEN MUSCARDINE (METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE) DISEASE OF SILKWORM BOMBYX MORI." Journal of Biopesticides 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.104-112.
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The silkworm is the larva of the domesticated silk moth, Bombyx mori. It is an economically important insect, being a primary producer of silk in sericulture industry. Among the silkworm diseases, white muscardine and green muscardine caused by Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae respectively possess a major threat to silk cocoon production. White muscardine is more common during rainy and winter seasons whereas green muscardine has its profound effect during hot and humid spells. Both these fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae can be used as biopesticides to control a number of pests such as termites, whiteflies, and many other insects from larvae to adult stages. In this paper in vitro biological control of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae and cellular abnormalities induced by the application of two strains (T12 and T13) of Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma spp. were studied, where T. viride T 12 (80.52%) provides maximum in vitro control of B. bassiana followed by T. harzianum (71.88%), Trichoderma spp. (68.16%) and T. viride T13 (62.89%). Against M. anisopliae, T. harzianum provides maximum in vitro control (68.02%), followed by T. viride T13 (64.68%), T. viride T12 (59.47%) and Trichoderma sp. (57.98%). During the interaction of pathogens and biocontrol agents hyphal coiling, granulation, distortion, vacuolation and bulging were recorded.
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Lin, Suwen, Lokanadha Rao Gunupuru, Raphael Ofoe, Roksana Saleh, Samuel Kwaku Asiedu, Raymond H. Thomas, and Lord Abbey. "Mineralization and nutrient release pattern of vermicast-sawdust mixed media with or without addition of Trichoderma viride." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 8, 2021): e0254188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254188.
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A combination of vermicast and sawdust mixed medium is commonly used in horticulture, but the added benefit of microbial inoculation and mechanism of nutrient availability are unknown. This study was done to determine nutrient mineralization and nutrient release patterns of different combinations or a mix of vermicast-sawdust growing media amended with or without Trichoderma viride (105 spores/g). The mixed-media treatments were (1) 80% vermicast+20% sawdust; (2) 60% vermicast+40% sawdust; (3) 40% vermicast+60% sawdust; (4) 20% vermicast+80% sawdust; and (5) sawdust alone (control). Total dissolved solids, electric conductivity and salinity increased with each sampling time following submergence in deionized. Nutrients released from media without T. viride were significantly higher than the corresponding media with added T. viride. Overall, the starting total nitrogen of the different media did not change during the incubation period, but nitrate-nitrogen was reduced to a negligible amount by the end of day 30 of incubation. A repeated measures analysis showed a significant effect of Time*T. viride*Treatment on total dissolved solids. Redundancy analysis demonstrated a positive and strong association between media composed of ≥40% vermicast and ≤60% sawdust with or without T. viride and mineral nutrients released, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids and salinity. These findings suggest that fast-growing plants may benefit from 40% to 60% vermicast added to 40% to 60% sawdust without T. viride while slow-growing plants can benefit from the same mixed medium combined with the addition of T. viride. Further investigation is underway to assess microbial dynamics in the mixed media and their influence on plant growth.
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Vian Dwi Chalisty. "PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN MOLASES, LACTOBACILLUS PLANTARUM, TRICHODERMA VIRIDE, DAN CAMPURANNYA TERHADAP KOMPOSISI KIMIA SILASE TOTAL CAMPURAN HIJAUAN." JURNAL SAINS PETERNAKAN NUSANTARA 1, no. 01 (June 5, 2021): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.53863/jspn.v1i01.187.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan molases, Lactobacillus plantarum, Trichoderma viride, dan campurannya terhadap komposisi kimia silase total campuran hijauan. Penambahan molases sebanyak 4% (w/w), L. plantarum sebanyak 0,1% (v/w), dan T. viride sebanyak 0,1% (v/w). Setiap perlakuan dibuat 3 kali ulangan kemudian difermentasi selama 21 hari secara anaerobik. Variabel yang diamati adalah kandungan bahan kering, bahan organik, protein kasar, serat kasar, lemak kasar dan bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan rancangan variabel secara Completely Randomized Designs pola searah. Apabila terdapat perbedaan yang nyata karena perlakuan, dilanjutkan dengan uji rata-rata antar dua perlakuan dengan uji Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. Penambahan molases saja maupun campuran molases dan L. plantarum/ T. viride tidak berpengaruh pada kandungan bahan kering dan bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen (P>0,05). Silase total campuran hijauan dengan penambahan L. plantarum, T. viride maupun campuran keduanya memiliki kandungan protein kasar yang rendah. Penambahan campuran molases dan T. viride menunjukkan kandungan serat kasar paling rendah sebesar 28,65% BK. Kandungan lemak kasar dengan penambahan campuran molases dan L. plantarum, campuran molases dan T. viride, serta campuran ketiganya menunjukkan hasil yang lebih tinggi (P<0,05). Penambahan molases atau sumber karbohidrat mudah larut merupakan suatu keharusan untuk menghasilkan silase total campuran hijauan yang baik, ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan kandungan protein kasar, menekan kehilangan bahan kering dan bahan organik serta menurunkan kandungan serat kasar.
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Romero, V., L. Aragón, A. Casas, and W. Apaza. "Eficiencia de Trichoderma viride como un agente biocontrolador para Phytophthora capsici en Pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.)." Peruvian Journal of Agronomy 6, no. 3 (December 31, 2022): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21704/pja.v6i3.1975.
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Phytophthora capsici es uno de los patógenos más devastadores que limita la producción de paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) en el Mundo. Asimismo, Trichoderma destaca como agente biocontrolador por su efecto antagonista, inductor de resistencia, estimulador de crecimiento, etc. El presente trabajo evaluó la eficacia de T. viride como controlador biológico para P. capsici en páprika bajo tres métodos de siembra (directa, plantín y raíz desnuda). Se instalaron doce tratamientos bajo condiciones de invernadero, incluyendo un testigo (sin inóculo) y se empleó un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial. La inoculación de T. viride se llevó a cabo a los 40 días posterior a la siembra a una concentración de 106 conidias ml-1, mientras que la inoculación de P. capsici se realizó a los 50 días posterior a la siembra empleándose tres granos de trigo colonizados por planta. El método de inoculación de T. viride en la siembra directa y plantín se hizo vía drench y en la siembra a raíz desnuda se realizó por inmersión de la plántula durante 5 minutos previo al transplante. Luego se realizó la correlación entre los métodos de siembra y P. capsici, y la interacción entre T. viride y los métodos de siembra. Los resultados mostraron que la mayor eficacia de T. viride como de P. capsici se registró en los métodos de siembra plantín y raíz desnuda; la correlación entre el método de siembra y la pudrición radicular fue menor en la siembra a raíz desnuda (74 % severidad). En los otros tratamientos (directa y plantín) el 100 % de plantas murieron; finalmente, el efecto de T. viride como inductor de crecimiento no se evidenció en ninguno de los tratamientos. Con respecto al ABCPE, el método de siembra directa mostró mayor incidencia; el menor valor de la interacción T. viride y P. capsici fue obtenido en el método de siembra raíz desnuda.
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Safari, Wulan Fitriani, and Mohamad Syafaat. "Effect of Pretreatment and Composition of Trichoderma Viride and Zymomonas Mobilis Consortium on Bioethanol Production from Leaf Litter." Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology and Biodiversity 6, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47007/ijobb.v6i2.134.
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Bioethanol is an alternative biofuel that is widely produced in bulk to replace and complement petroleum-based fuels. Bioethanol is produced through the alcoholic fermentation of sucrose or simple sugars. One of the potential source for bioethanol production that has not been studied is leaf litter. Various studies have shown that T. viride and Z. mobilis can be used for bioethanol production, but there has been no report on the production of bioethanol from leaf litter using a consortium of T. viride and Z. mobilis using the SSF method. This study aims to examine the effect of pretreatment and composition of the consortium of T. viride and Z. mobilis on the production of bioethanol from leaf litter. Leaf litter was dried and mashed, then pretreatment was carried out with 32% NH3 solution. The bioethanol production process using the SSF method uses a consortium of T. viride and Z. mobilis with a composition of 5%: 5%, 10%: 5%, 5%: 10% and 10%: 10% (w/v). SSF was carried out for 72 hours at a temperature of 35oC and pH 5. The bioethanol was purified by distillation and the ethanol content was tested with GCMS. Higher levels of bioethanol were found in leaf litter with pretreatment than without pretreatment. The highest ethanol content (0.6721%) was obtained from SSF with consortium composition of T. viride : Z. mobilis (10% : 10%) from leaf litter with pretreatment. Pretreatment and composition of the consortium T. viride and Z. mobilis affect the production of bioethanol from leaf litter.
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Nurbailis, Martinius, and H. Adriansyah. "COLONIZATION CAPABILITY OF TRICHODERMA VIRIDE (T1SK) ON SEVERAL BANANA CULTIVAR ROOTS AND ITS EFFECT AGAINST DEVELOPMENT OF FUSARIUM WILT DISEASE AND PLANT GROWTH." Journal of Biopesticides 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.196-203.
Full textAbstract:
Fusarium wilt desease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubence (Foc) one the important desease on banana around the world. The purpose of this research was to recognize surface and endophytic colonization capability of Trichoderma viride (T1sk) on several banana cultivar roots and its effect against Fusarium wilt disease and increasing banana seedling growth. The experiment was divided into 2 parts that were colonization effect against Fusarium wilt disease development and colonization capability of T. viride (T1sk) on roots of several banana cultivars. The parameters observed were: 1) surface and endophytic colonization capability of T. viride (T1sk) on various banana seedling roots, 2) incubation period, 3) percentage of symptomatic leaves, 4) increase of leaves amount, 5) increase of plant height, 6) Stem circle and 7)dry weight of banana seedling biomass. The result showed that highest surface colonization capability of T. viride (T1sk) found in Barangan and Kepok cultivars and endophyte colonization found in Kepok cultivar. The surface colonization capability of T viride (T1sk) on the roots of Barangan and kepok reached 93, 33% and the ability of being endophyte 43, 33% and 38, 33% could reduce Fusarium wilt disease on banana seedling and increase seedling growth.
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Yasmin, Zuhra, and Shamim Shamsi. "Antagonistic potential of soil fungi against Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes (Penz.) Sacc., the causal agent of anthracnose of Rauwolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 28, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v28i2.46509.
Full textAbstract:
Four antagonistic fungi Aspergillus flavus Link, A. fumigatus Fresenius, A. niger van Tiegh. and Trichoderma viride Pers. were isolated from field soil of Rauwolfia serpentina by serial dilution method and selected to evaluate their antagonistic potentiality against Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes (Penz.) Sacc, the causal agent of anthracnose of Rauwolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz following dual culture colony interaction, volatile and non-volatile metabolites. In dual culture method Trichoderma viride showed maximum (84.28%) inhibition of test fungi followed by Aspergillus niger (77.39%), A. fumigatus (43.71%) and A. flavus (29.32%). Volatile metabolites of T. viride showed higher (77.64%) inhibition of test fungi followed by A. flavus (75.58%), A. fumigatus (60.88%) and A. niger (58.23%). Non-volatile metabolites of antagonistic fungi showed that A. flavus showed (94.42%) inhibition of test fungus followed by T. viride (90.90%), A. niger (86.13%) and A. fumigatus (73.73%). Aspergillus flavus, A. niger and T. viride may be exploited commercially as a biocontrol agent against anthracnose disease of R. serpentina.
Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 28(2): 219-226, 2019 (July)
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Lannur, Gefi Zulmiati, Yenni Liswarni, and Martinius Martinius. "Kemampuan Trichoderma viride Isolat PP2 dalam Mengendalikan Colletotrichum gloeosporioides pada Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum annuum Linnaeus) secara In-Planta." JPT: JURNAL PROTEKSI TANAMAN (JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION) 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jpt.5.2.69-76.2021.
Full textAbstract:
The culture filtrate is a secondary metabolite produced from the multiplication of fungi in a liquid medium during the incubation period, separated between the fungal cell and their supernatants. Trichoderma viride culture filtrate testing has been widely carried out and used as a biocontrol agent. This study aimed to determine the ability of Trichoderma viride PP2 culture filtrate concentration in suppressing anthracnose disease caused by C. gloeosporioides on the red chili pepper. The study was conducted with a randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 5 treatments and five replications. The treatments were the concentration of T. viride PP2 culture filtrate, i.e., 0% (control), 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Parameters observed were incubation period, percentage of infected, and infected intensity. The results showed that the application of filtrate of T. viride isolate PP2 with different concentrations has not been able to suppress the development of anthracnose disease caused by C. gloeosporioides in-planta. It is necessary to conduct further research on the effect of temperature and time application on suppressing the filtrate of T. viride isolate PP2.
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Bhojani, Rishit, and Hemangi Kapadiya. "Antagonistic Activity of Some Trichoderma Species against Macrophomina phaseolina causing Okra Root Rot." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (February 10, 2022): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1102.026.
Full textAbstract:
Antagonistic activity of some Trichoderma species viz., Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma virens, Trichoderma gliocladium, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma hamatum, Trichoderma koningii, and Trichoderma harzianum were evaluated against Macrophomina phaseolina in vitro condition by dual culture technique. Among seven different antagonists tested against M. phaseolinain vitro, Trichoderma asperellum expressed significantly maximum growth inhibition (70.04%) followed by T. hamatum (54.81%), T. gliocladium (28.15%), T. koningii (23.70%), T. harzianum (22.96%), T. virens (22.22%) and T. viride (0.74%), respectively.
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Li Destri Nicosia, M. G., S. Mosca, R. Mercurio, and L. Schena. "Dieback of Pinus nigra Seedlings Caused by a Strain of Trichoderma viride." Plant Disease 99, no. 1 (January 2015): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-14-0433-re.
Full textAbstract:
Four different fungi (Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum, Phomopsis sp., and Mortierella sp.) were isolated from 6-year-old Pinus nigra plants showing stunting and high incidence of mortality in a reforestation area of the National Park of Abruzzo, Lazio, and Molise (central Italy). Tests conducted on P. nigra revealed the pathogenic behavior of T. viride isolates with 30 to 80% mortality in artificially inoculated 2-year-old seedlings. The pathogenicity of these isolates was also observed in 10-year-old P. nigra trees and on lemon fruit. This result, in agreement with the constant isolation of T. viride from diseased plants, suggests the possible role of this fungus in the decline of P. nigra plants. T. harzianum and two reference isolates of T. viridarium and T. trixiae did not cause any symptoms, while Phomopsis sp. and Mortierella sp. caused limited necroses around the inoculation point in a few seedlings. Their role in the decline of P. nigra seedlings was considered irrelevant. According to phylogenetic analyses, pathogenic isolates of T. viride clustered in a very uniform group containing strains from different geographic origin and hosts, but none previously reported as a biocontrol agent.
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PADDER, Bilal Ahmad, Prem Nath SHARMA, Renu KAPIL, Anju PATHANIA, and Om Prakash SHARMA. "Evaluation of Bioagents and Biopesticides against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and its Integrated Management in Common Bean." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 2, no. 3 (September 27, 2010): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb234772.
Full textAbstract:
Three bioagents (Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum and Gliocladium virens) and five biopesticides (Achook, Neemgold, Wannis, Spictaf and Neemazal) were evaluated under in vitro and in vivo conditions against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. All the three antagonistic fungi caused significant inhibition of mycelial growth, maximum being with T. viride (69.21%) followed by T. harzianum (64.20%). Among the biopesticides tested at four concentrations, Wanis applied @ 1000 ?l/ml caused maximum inhibition of 82.12 per cent followed by Spictaf (52.85%). T. viride and Wanis @ 1000 ?l/ml were most effective in reducing the seed borne infection. Integration of bioagents with Bavistin showed that disease can be effectively managed with seed dressing either with Bavistin or biopesticide followed by foliar treatment with fungicide or biopesticide.
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Aktar, Mahfuza, and Shamim Shamsi. "Antagonistic Potentials of Selected Soil Fungi Against Three Pathogenic Fungi of Tagetes Erecta L. and T. Patula L." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 29, no. 2 (August 24, 2020): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v29i2.48734.
Full textAbstract:
Three antagonistic fungi were isolated from the field soil of blight infected Tagetes spp. by serial dilution method. The fungi were identified as Aspergillus flavus Link, A. niger van Tiegh. and Trichoderma viride Pers. Antagonistic potentiality of aforesaid fungi were evaluated against the pathogenic fungi of Tageteserecta L. and T. patula L. following "dual culture colony interaction" and volatile and nonvolatile metabolites. The pathogenic fungi were A. alternata, Aspergillus fumigatus and Curvularia lunata. In dual culture colony interaction, out of three soil fungi, T. viride showed the highest growth inhibition on A. alternata (71.03%), A. fumigatus (38.49%) and C. lunata (60.71%). The maximum inhibition of radial growth of A. alternata (74.55%) was observed with the culture filtrates of T. viride owing to volatile metabolites. The maximum inhibition of radial growth of A. fumigatus (37.43%) was observed with the culture filtrates of A. flavus owing to volatile metabolites. The complete inhibition of radial growth of C. lunata was observed with the culture filtrates of A. niger owing to volatile metabolites. The complete inhibition of radial growth of A. alternata was observed with nonvolatile metabolites of A. nigera and T. viride at all concentrations. The complete inhibition of radial growth of A. fumigatus was also observed with nonvolatile metabolites of A. niger at all concentrations. Aspergillus niger and T. viride may be exploited commercially as a biocontrol agent against blight pathogens of T. erecta and T. patula.
Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 29(2): 147-153, 2020 (July)
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Samsudin, Samsudin, Rita Harni, and Efi Taufik. "The Effectiveness of Trichoderma Viride TNU in Inhibiting Infection of Phytophthora Palmivora on Cocoa." Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar 5, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jtidp.v5n1.2018.p39-48.
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<p>Phytophthora palmivora<em> is a pathogen</em><em>ic fungus</em><em> that causes pod rot and stem cancer in cacao plant. This pathogen was difficult to control because it survives in the form of mycelium and chlamydospores in infected plant parts or in soil. </em>Trichoderma viride<em> is expected to inhibit the growth and development of this pathogen. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of </em>T. viride<em> in inhibiting </em>P. palmivora<em> infection on cacao, conducted at Plant Protection Laboratory and Greenhouse of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI), Sukabumi from March to December 2014. The </em>T. viride<em> TNU isolates used was purified and propagated in the laboratory. The </em>T. viride<em> inhibition against </em>P. palmivora<em> growth and development was tested in vitro on potato dextrose agar medium (PDA) and in vivo on infected cacao pods and seedlings. The parameters observed were percentage of inhibition on PDA and the disease progression on infected pods and seedlings. The results showed that </em>T. viride<em> inhibited the growth of </em>P. palmivora<em> with inhibition percentage up to 68.60%, a strong antagonist for </em>P. palmivora<em> on PDA and reduced </em>P. palmivora<em> infection on seedlings in the greenhouse. Applications of </em>T. viride<em> 3 days before or after inoculation with </em>P. palmivora<em> was able to protect cacao seedlings in polybags, respectively by 60% and 45%. However, </em>T. viride<em> has not been able to hinder the development of pod rot disease on cacao.</em><em></em></p>
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Coventry, E., R. Noble, A. Mead, F. R. Marin, J. A. Perez, and J. M. Whipps. "Allium White Rot Suppression with Composts and Trichoderma viride in Relation to Sclerotia Viability." Phytopathology® 96, no. 9 (September 2006): 1009–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-96-1009.
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Allium white rot (AWR) is a serious disease of Allium spp. caused by the sclerotium-forming fungus Sclerotium cepivorum. This work has examined the effects of onion waste compost (OWC) and spent mushroom compost (SMC), with and without Trichoderma viride S17A, on sclerotia viability and AWR in glasshouse and field experiments. Incorporation of OWC into soil reduced the viability of sclerotia and the incidence of AWR on onion plants in glasshouse pot bioassays, whereas SMC or T. viride S17A only reduced incidence of AWR. In two field trials, OWC reduced sclerotia viability and was as effective in reducing AWR as a fungicide (Folicur, a.i. tebuconazole). Field application of SMC had no effect on sclerotia viability and did not control AWR. However, the addition of T. viride S17A to SMC facilitated proliferation of T. viride S17A in the soil and increased the healthy onion bulb yield. The results indicate two mechanisms for the suppression of AWR: (i) reduction in the soil population of viable sclerotia, which may be due to volatile sulfur compounds detected in OWC but absent in SMC, and (ii) prevention of infection of onion plants from sclerotia following amendment of soil with OWC, SMC, or T. viride S17A.
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Khan, Iqra Haider. "Trichoderma viride Controls Macrophomina phaseolina through its DNA disintegration and Production of Antifungal Compounds." International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 25, no. 04 (April 1, 2021): 888–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1743.
Full textAbstract:
Macrophomina phaseolina is a highly destructive pathogen of more than 500 plant species. It is difficult to eradicate it through chemical means as no patented fungicide is available against this pathogen. Biological control is the possible alternative method for its suitable management. The present study was carried out to evaluate the biocontrol potential of five Trichoderma spp. against M. phaseolina and the possible mechanisms of action. Identifications of all the Trichoderma spp. viz. T. hamatum, T. harzianum, T. koningii, T. longipile and T. viride were confirmed on molecular basis by using two universal primer pairs namely ITS and EF1. Their biocontrol potential was evaluated in dual culture plate method where T. viride showed the highest inhibitory efficacy (63%) against M. phaseolina. T. koningii, T. hamatum and T. longipile showed akin effects by arresting growth of the pathogen by 46–47% followed by T. harzianum (28%). To find out the mechanisms of action, secondary extrolites of the best biocontrol fungus T. viride were tested against the pathogenic genomic DNA where all the concentrations partially degraded DNA bands after 24 h of incubation and a complete DNA band disappearance was noted after 48 h incubation. In addition, T. viride culture filtrates were partitioned with chloroform and ethyl acetate and subjected to GC-MS analysis for identification of potential antifungal constituents. The most abundant identified volatile compounds in the two organic solvent fractions were 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (44.54%), n-hexadecanoic acid (24.02%), hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester (14.25%), 9-tricosene, (Z)- (10.43%) and [1,1'-bicyclopropyl]-2-octanoic acid, 2'-hexyl-, methyl ester (10.43%). To conclude, T. viride was the best biocontrol agent against M. phaseolina and acts against the pathogen by DNA disintegration and production of antifungal secondary metabolites. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
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Hosen, Md Delwar, and Shamim Shamsi. "In Vitro Antagonism of Trichoderma Verede and Aspergillus Spp. against a Pathogenic Seed Borne Fungus of Sesame." Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences 43, no. 1 (July 16, 2019): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v43i1.42229.
Full textAbstract:
Four soil fungi were isolated from the soil by serial dilution and were identified as Aspergillus flavus Link, A. fumigatus Fresenius, A. niger van Tieghem and Trichoderma viride Pers. The soil fungi were selected to evaluate their antagonistic potential against seed borne fungus Fusarium merismoides isolated from sesame. In dual culture colony interaction Trichoderma viride showed the highest (45.88%) growth inhibiting effect on F. merismoides followed by A. niger (40.00%), A. flavus (36.37) and A. fumigatus (30.77%). Volatile metabolites from T. viride showed the highest growth inhibiting effect on F. merismoides (67.69%) and non-volatile metabolites from T. viride showed the highest growth inhibiting effect on F. merismoides (75.00%).
Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 43, No. 1, 17-23, 2019
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Sun, Xiang, You-Sheng Cai, Yujie Yuan, Guangkai Bian, Ziling Ye, Zixin Deng, and Tiangang Liu. "Genome mining in Trichoderma viride J1-030: discovery and identification of novel sesquiterpene synthase and its products." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 15 (August 28, 2019): 2052–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.15.202.
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Sesquiterpene synthases in Trichoderma viride have been seldom studied, despite the efficiency of filamentous fungi for terpenoid production. Using the farnesyl diphosphate-overexpressing Saccharomyces cerevisiae platform to produce diverse terpenoids, we herein identified an unknown sesquiterpene synthase from T. viride by genome mining and determined the structure of its corresponding products. One new 5/6 bicyclic sesquiterpene and its esterified derivative were characterised by GC–MS and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first well-identified sesquiterpene synthase from T. viride to date.
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Chaudhary, Balkishan, Sanjeev Kumar, and Shiva Kant Kushwaha. "Bio-efficacy of Trichoderma species against Pigeonpea wilt pathogen." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 2327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i4.1531.
Full textAbstract:
Three biocontrol agent viz., Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma virens and Trichoderma harzianum were evaluated to test the antagonism against Fusarium udum under in vitro conditions. All the three biocontrol agents have the potential of parasitizing the growth of Fusarium udum in vitro. The rate of parasitism was found fastest in T. viride (61.12% over growth in 96 hrs) than T. virens and T. harzianum. The volatile compounds from Trichoderma viride suppressed the mycelial growth of Fusarium udum by 43.13% and found effective when compared to Tricho-derma virens and Trichoderma harzianum. Non-volatile compounds or culture filtrate from Trichoderma virens at 15% concentration shows complete mycelial inhibition of the test fungi. The antagonist T. virens was chosen to be the most promising bio-control agent for F. udum.
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Argumedo-Delira, Rosalba, Mario J. Gómez-Martínez, and Ramiro Uribe-Kaffure. "Trichoderma Biomass as an Alternative for Removal of Congo Red and Malachite Green Industrial Dyes." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010448.
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The present study evaluated the removal efficiency of two dyes, Congo red (CR) and malachite green (MG), using either fresh or dry fungal biomass of two species of Trichoderma (T. virens and T. viride) and activated carbon. After 24 h, the CR removal efficiency obtained with fresh biomass was higher than that obtained with activated carbon. For the MG dye, the average removal with activated carbon (99%) was higher than those obtained with dry and fresh biomass of T. viride and T. virens. Experimental results for fresh and dry fungal biomass showed a good correlation with Langmuir isotherms. The adsorption rates of CR and MG by of T. virens and T. viride can be more appropriately described using the pseudo-second-order rate. We found an adsorption capacity of 81.82 mg g−1 for T. virens with MG dye. Results show that fresh or dry biomass of T. virens can represent a simple and cost-effective alternative for removing industrial dyes such as CR and MG.
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Yan, Li, Fei-yang Zeng, Kun Zang, Zhang-jing Chen, and Ya-fang Lei. "Investigation on the attack of Trichoderma viride on wheat straw composites manufactured with methylene diphenyl diisocyanate." BioResources 14, no. 3 (June 12, 2019): 6004–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.3.6004-6014.
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Trichoderma viride can infect wheat straw composites (WSC), thus affecting the quality of boards. This study investigated the change in color of the composite and its chemical composition after the straw was infested with mold with for 4, 8, or 12 weeks. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to analyze chemical structural changes in the WSC after the infestation. The infested surface and core layers were examined and analyzed. The infection of T. viride on the WSC can darken its color. After 12 weeks of cultural infestation, 19.6% of cellulose, 27.2% of xylan, 9.3% of lignin, and 31.9% of ethanol extracts were degraded. The degradation on WSC by T. viride was 9 times and 14 times more than the degradations of pine and poplar wood, respectively. T. viride attacked WSB differently on its surface and center layers. More lignin in the WSB surface layer was degraded. In contrast, cellulose and xylan were degraded to a greater degree in the center.
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Lieckfeldt, Elke, Gary J. Samuels, Helgard I. Nirenberg, and Orlando Petrini. "A Morphological and Molecular Perspective of Trichoderma viride: Is It One or Two Species?" Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 6 (June 1, 1999): 2418–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.6.2418-2428.1999.
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ABSTRACT Trichoderma (Ascomycetes,Hypocreales) strains that have warted conidia are traditionally identified as T. viride, the type species ofTrichoderma. However, two morphologically distinct types of conidial warts (I and II) have been found. Because each type corresponds to a unique mitochondrial DNA pattern, it has been questioned whether T. viride comprises more than one species. Combined molecular data (sequences of the internal transcribed spacer 1 [ITS-1] and ITS-2 regions and of part of the 28S rRNA gene along with results of restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the endochitinase gene and PCR fingerprinting), morphology, physiology, and colony characteristics distinguish type I and type II as different species. Type I corresponds to “true” T. viride, the anamorph of Hypocrea rufa. Type II represents a new species, T. asperellum, which is, in terms of molecular characteristics, close to the neotype of T. hamatum.
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Upadhyay, Ram S., Luisa Visintin, and R. K. Jayaswal. "Environmental factors affecting the antagonism of Pseudomonas cepacia against Trichoderma viride." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 37, no. 11 (November 1, 1991): 880–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m91-152.
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Antagonistic activity of the bacterium Pseudomonas cepacia against Trichoderma viride was greatly influenced by nutritional and environmental conditions. Xylose and trehalose strongly enhanced the antifungal activity of P. cepacia, whereas mannitol and glucose had little effect. The carbon sources that enhanced the antagonistic activity also inhibited sporulation of T. viride. Antagonism of P. cepacia was enhanced by ammonium nitrogen; however, with nitrite or nitrate there was only a little antagonism. The antagonism of P. cepacia was optimal at pH 5.0. Although P. cepacia showed maximum antagonism against T. viride at 37 °C, the antagonism was fairly good at temperatures as low as 18 °C, indicating that there is a broad range of temperature for the antifungal activity of P. cepacia. Key words: antagonism, environmental factors, Pseudomonas cepacia, Trichoderma viride.
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Muhibuddin, Anton, Endah Mulyaningtyas Setiyowati, and Antok Wahyu Sektiono. "MECHANISM ANTAGONISM of Trichoderma viride AGAINST SEVERAL TYPES of PATHOGENS and PRODUCTION of SECONDARY METABOLITES." AGROSAINTIFIKA 4, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32764/agrosaintifika.v4i1.2375.
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Biological control agents using antagonistic fungi have the ability to inhibit the development of disease-causing pathogens by various mechanisms such as competition for space and nutrients, antibiosis by producing antibiotics in the form of chemical compounds, and parasitism by entangling pathogenic hyphae. Antibiotic mechanism is a condition in which an organism secretes one or more metabolites that have a negative effect on other organisms. One of the fungi that has the ability as an antibiosis is Trichoderma viride, where this fungus secretes secondary metabolites in the form of a viridiol phytotoxin compound. This study conducted to determine the antagonist mechanism of the fungus T. viride in suppressing the growth of Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotium rolfsii which causes disease in some cultivated plants, as well as what compounds T. viride possesses in suppressing the growth of other pathogens. This research was carried out at the Plant Disease Laboratory, Department of Plant Pest and Disease, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University from November 2020 to August 2021. The research was conducted using Trichoderma viride as antagonist fungus and Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotium rolfsii as pathogenic fungi. This research consisted of 3 stages, the first stage was rejuvenation and macroscopic and microscopic characterization of pathogenic fungi and antagonist fungi. The second stage is the in vitro antagonist test using the dual culture method using a completely randomized design with 6 replications. The third stage is the phytochemical test of secondary metabolites using 5 test, namely terpenoid and steroid test, the alkaloid test, the flavonoids test, the tannin test, and the saponin test. The results showed that T. viride had an inhibitory ability >50% against four types of pathogens. The mechanism of T. viride antagonist against four treatments, three treatments belonged to the competition mechanism and one treatment belonged to the microparasite mechanism. The content of secondary metabolites of T. viride are steroids and alkaloids.
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DOLEY, Khirood, and Paramjit Kaur JITE. "In-Vitro Efficacy of Trichoderma viride Against Sclerotium rolfsii and Macrophomina phaseolina." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 4, no. 4 (November 6, 2012): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb447818.
Full textAbstract:
The fungal pathogen causes serious widespread losses to agricultural crops worldwide. Therefore, economy of countries may worsen especially of developing countries. In addition, harmful chemical pesticides which are being used today for increasing crop production creates very serious health hazardous problems to human beings and ecosystem as a whole. The antagonistic potential of Trichoderma species which has been long known to control various soil-borne fungal pathogens in biological way may be utilized. The faster growth rates with which it competes with fungal pathogen mainly brings upon their antagonistic characteristics. An investigation was carried out in laboratory condition towards biological efficacy of T. viride on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium for the bio-control of soil-borne plant pathogens Sclerotium rolfsii and Macrophomina phaseolina in in-vitro condition. The dual culture technique was followed in which T. viride showed significant antifungal activities towards both the pathogens. T. viride significantly inhibited the mycelial radial growth of S. rolfsii by 75% and M. phaseolina by 71.42%. The results showed variable mycelial growth rate for all fungal isolates which was determined after 6 days of incubation in which T. viride showed minimum of 4.00 days to completely cover the petri-plates and S. rolfsii showed 4.33 days whereas M. phaseolina showed 6.33 days. Thus, T. viride showed encouraging results regarding their biopesticidal and biofungicidal potential against plant pathogens which may be endorsed to substitute harmful chemical supplements that exists in modern day agricultural practices.
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Karthikeyan, M., K. Radhika, S. Mathiyazhagan, R. Bhaskaran, R. Samiyappan, and R. Velazhahan. "Induction of phenolics and defense-related enzymes in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) roots treated with biocontrol agents." Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 18, no. 3 (September 2006): 367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-04202006000300003.
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The effect of soil application of biocontrol agents (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma viride and T. harzianum) in combination with chitin on induction of phenolics and defense enzymes in coconut roots infected with Ganoderma lucidum, the causal agent of Ganoderma disease, was investigated. Soil application of these biocontrol formulations in combination with chitin induced a significant increase in the activities of peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase in the G. lucidum infected palms. Activities of both PAL and PO reached maximum levels within 3 d while the activity of PPO reached the maximum level 6 d after application of a mixture of P. fluorescens, T. viride and chitin. Isozyme analysis revealed that unique PO3 and PPO2 isozymes were induced in coconut palms treated with P. fluorescens + T. viride + chitin. Accumulation of phenolics was recorded 3 d after treatment and reached maximum levels 9 d after treatment application. Activity of chitinase was significantly increased from the third day after treatment imposition and continued to increase up to 9 to 12 d in all treatments. Chitinase isozyme analysis revealed that a unique Chit3 isoform was induced in coconut roots treated with P. fluorescens + T. viride + chitin. The beta-1,3-glucanase activity was maximum 9 d after treatment application. The mechanisms by which P. fluorescens + T. viride + chitin reduced the incidence of Ganoderma disease in coconut may be related to its ability to induce defense mechanisms in coconut palms.
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Ivayani, Ivayani, Cipta Ginting, Yusnita Yusnita, and Suskandini Ratih Dirmawati. "EFFECTIVENESS OF THE APPLICATION OF ORGANIC MATTER AND TRICHODERMA VIRIDE FROM SUPPRESIVE SOIL TO CONTROL FUSARIUM WILT ON BANANA PLANT." JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA 18, no. 2 (March 26, 2019): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.218119-126.
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Effectiveness of the application of organic matter and Trichoderma viride from suppresive soil to control fusarium wilt on banana plant. Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense is one of the problems in banana production. This research was aimed to evaluate the effect of Trichoderma viride isolated from suppresive soil and organic matter on controlling fusarium wilt on banana plant. The efficcacy trial consisted of 12 treatments and four replications within each treatment. Each experimental unit consisted of 10 plants. Organic matters used were rice straw, cassava peel, and compost. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance followed by orthogonal analysis (P≤0.05). Application of T. viride suppressed disease incident up to 65%. The highest disease incident occurred in plants treated without T. viride and organic matter and in plants treated with organic matter only (78.33%). Disease incidence in plants treated with T.viride was lower than those treated with the combination of T. viride and organic matter. Different application times (in nursery or soil medium) did not significantly affect fusarium wilt incidence. The type of organic matter did not significantly affect the incidence and severity of fusarium wilt.
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Abdel-Monaim, Montaser F., Mohsen A. Abdel-Gaid, Sahar A. Zayan, and Dalia M. T. Nassef. "Enhancement of Growth Parameters and Yield Components in Eggplant using Antagonism of Trichoderma spp. Against Fusarium Wilt Disease." International Journal of Phytopathology 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2014): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.003.01.0510.
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Eggplant is one of the important economic vegetable crop which is attacked by several serious diseases such as wilt. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae was isolated from a naturally occurring epidemic of wilt in eggplant plants grown in New Valley governorate. In this study, the antagonistic activity of five Trichoderma species (Trichoderma spirale, T. hamatum, T. polysoprium, T. harzianum and T. viride) against F. oxysporium f. sp. melongenae was evaluated using dual culture technique. T. viride (isolate TVM-5) and T. hamatum (isolate THM-2) showed the highest antagonistic activity, while T. spirale (TSM-1) was the lowest one. In pot experiment, the obtained data showed that all Trichoderma species reduced significantly area under wilt progress curve caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. melongenae. Trichoderma viride and T. hamatum recorded the highest reduction of area under wilt progress curve (AUWPC) (244.0 and 325.33 AUWPC as compared to 1125.33 in control treatment, respectively). Under field conditions results showed that, these treatments significantly reduced AUWPC and increased all tested plant growth parameters (Plant height, No. of branches plant-1) and fruit yield components (number of fruits plant-1, fruits yield plant-1, fruit weight, No of fruit Kg-1, fruit length, fruit diameters and fruits yield fed.-1) compared with control during growing seasons (2011-2012 and 2012-2013). Trichoderma viride and T. hamatum were the best biocontrol agents as manifested by the significant reduction in both disease severity and increase plant growth parameters and fruit yield components.
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PAYGHAMI, E., S. MASSIHA, B. AHARY, M. VALIZADEH, and A. MOTALLEBI. "ENHANCEMENT OF GROWTH OF ONION (ALLIUM CEPA L.) BY BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT TRICHODERMA SPP." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 49, no. 4 (December 1, 2001): 393–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.49.2001.4.11.
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The effect of Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride (isolated from mycoflora in the rhizosphere of onion) in increasing the growth of onion was studied in a completely randomized design in pots with 12 replications under greenhouse conditions at 21°C with a 12-h light/dark cycle (fluorescent and incandescent lighting). The biological control of Sclerotium cepivorum Berk, the causal agent of white rot of onion, was also investigated in this experiment. The addition of Trichoderma spp. to autoclaved soil (inoculation of 2/3 of the top soil in the pots with 4% (v/v) inoculum of T. harzianum and T. viride) significantly increased the growth and fresh weight of the onion plants (P=1%). The biological control of S. cepivorum was achieved with T. harzianum and T. viride, but no significant difference was observed between the two species.
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Delgado Morato, Luis Demetrio, and Maria Bianney Bermudez Cardona. "Inducción de resistencia en tomate (Solanum lycopesicum L.) y antagonismo de Trichoderma viride contra Fusarium oxysporum." Acta Agronómica 70, no. 1 (December 3, 2021): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/acag.v70n1.78357.
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Este trabajo desarrollado en la Universidad del Tolima (Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia), tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto del silicio como inductor de resistencia sistémica y el antagonismo de T. viride frente a la marchitez vascular del tomate híbrido Santa Clara (S. lycopersicum L.) causado por F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. Se evaluó el efecto inductor del silicio en la respuesta de defensa del tomate sobre parámetros epidemiológicos de la enfermedad y a través de análisis bioquímico se evaluó la actividad de la enzima Polifenoloxidasa (PPO). Se empleó un diseño factorial con ocho tratamientos y 12 réplicas. Se encontró una reducción del 47 % en la severidad foliar en las plantas tratadas con silicio y T. viride respecto a las plantas que no fueron tratadas con silicio. Además, se encontró un incremento en la actividad enzimática de la Polifenoloxidasa (PPO) en las plantas que fueron tratadas con silicio y no inoculadas con T. viride, siendo la media de este tratamiento 2,29 U/mg de proteína respecto a las que no fueron tratadas con silicio e inoculadas y no inoculadas con T. viride, siendo la media de este tratamiento 0,36 U/mg de proteína.
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Tkalenko, H. M., O. I. Borzykh, S. V. Horal, K. M. Barvas-Hremiakova, and L. A. Janse. "Screening new Trichoderma isolates for antagonistic activity against several phytopathogenic fungi, including Fusarium spp." Agricultural Science and Practice 7, no. 3 (December 25, 2020): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/agrisp7.03.014.
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Aims. To obtain and characterize new isolates of Trichoderma antagonistic to phytopathogenic fungi, including Fusarium spp., and 2) to determine their suitability for mass production under different cultivation conditions. Methods. Microbiological, cultural-morphological, statistical. Results. From plants affected by phytopathogenic fungi: cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), white cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Kyiv re- gion) 11 new Trichoderma isolates were obtained. Preliminary, morphological determination allocated fi ve of them to T. viride (isolates CK, 165, 27, 49, 35), two of them to T. koningii (21, 64) and four of them to T. longibrachiatum (161, 162, 163, 164). All isolates showed moderate to high antagonistic activity towards 8 phytopathogenic fungal species (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Alternaria cucumerina, Colletotrichum phomoides, Botrytis cinerea, Trichothecium roseum, Penicillium sp., Cladosporium fulvum). In a dual culture experiment they showed generally similar or often higher activity to the above-mentioned fungi than the 8 control strains used in our study, belonging to T. viride (5 strains), T. koningii (2 strains) and T. harzianum (1 strain), which have been maintained since long time in our laboratory. The most active new isolate CK, (presumably) T. viride, showed comparable high activity towards all phytopathogenic fungi as compared to our most active control strain of T. viride, no. 23. The latter is the basis of a biocide Trichodermin, produced by biolaboratories of Ukraine, including the Institute of Plant Protection, NAAS, Kyiv. Chlamydospore production of all isolates and strains studied in submerged culture varied from 10 6 to 3 · 10 7 spores/ml, were T. viride isolates and strains were on the higher end. Isolates of ‘T. longibrachiatum’ did not produce chlamydospores in submerged culture. Upon superfi cial cultivation on barley grain, the strains and isolates of T. viride were also characterized by the highest production of spores (6 · 10 9 -9 · 10 9 spores/g) as compared to those of T. kon- ingii, T. harzianum (5.5 · 10 9 -6.8 · 10 9 spores/g) and T. longibrachiatum (1.3 · 10 8 -6.8 · 10 8 spores/g). In an in-vivo experiment under laboratory conditions the most promising antagonistic isolate CK was used to inoculate wheat seed and tested for protection against Fusarium root rot (inoculum a mixture of F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. gibbosum, F. oxysporum, in 4·10 4 spores/g), where it gave an 83 % reduction in root rot as compared to the non-inoculated con- trol. Conclusions. Five new isolates preliminarily (on the basis of morphological characteristics only) allocated to T. viride and four to T. longibrachiatum demonstrated in vitro the highest and widest antagonistic activity against the phytopathogenic fungal species Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Alternaria cucumerina, Colletotrichum pho- moides, Botrytis cinerea, Trichothecium roseum, Penicillium sp., Cladosporium fulvum, as compared to new isolates, preliminarily allocated to - T. harzianum and T. koningii. New isolate CK (allocated to T. viride) showed a promising and similar high antagonistic activity as compared to our T. viride 23 strain, which is already successfully used in the biocide Trichodermin. Since this isolate CK also produced a high number of chlamydospores in submerged culture (3 · 10 7 spores/ml) and conidia (8 · 10 9 spores/g) when surface cultured on barley grain respectively, it is a potential new candidate for a biocide. When this CK isolate was studied in a small laboratory pot experiment, to control Fu- sarium root rot in wheat by preventive seed inoculation, it caused an 83 % reduction in this Fusarium root rot. Its usefulness under fi eld conditions and its effect on growth of plants will be investigated in future research
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Ladino-Rey, Oscar Eduardo, Gabriel Arturo Chaves-Betancourt, Jose David Rubio, and Christian Andrei Chacin-Zambrano. "Evaluación de Trichoderma sobre hongos contaminantes de semillas de palma híbrida interespecífica OxG (Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guineensis)." Respuestas 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22463/0122820x.859.
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ResumenEl proceso de germinación de semillas de palma hibrida interespecífica OxG (E. oleífera x E. guineensis) de la empresa Indupalma ltda ha presentado una disminución en la producción, lo que se ve reflejado en pérdidas económicas, debido a la existencia de hongos filamentosos que afectan las semillas. Estudios previos evidenciaron el potencial controlador de Trichoderma sp. sobre estos hongos. En esta investigación se evaluaron cepas nativas y comerciales de T. harzianum y T. viride frente a hongos contaminantes prevalentes de semillas de palma hibrida interespecífica. Se aislaron e identificaron once hongos patógenos prevalentes a partir de semillas de palma hibrida interespecífica que fueron eliminadas de las diferentes etapas del proceso de germinación. Se llevaron a cabo pruebas de plato dual a los hongos contaminantes seleccionados y se determinó el porcentaje de inhibición de crecimiento radial (PICR) y micoparasitismo. Estos hongos fueron inhibidos en su crecimiento por el efecto antagonista de T. harzianum y T. viride. De igual manera T. viride comercial evidenció gran potencial biocontrolador al inhibir por encima del 60% a siete de las once cepas de hongos contaminantes. Palabras clave: Antagonismo, PICR, germinación de semillas.AbstractThe germination process of hybrid palm interspecific OxG (E. oleifera x E guineensis.) seeds in the company Indupalma ltda has filed a decrease in production, which is reflected in economic losses due to the existence of filamentous fungi that affect seeds. Previous studies have shown the potential controller Trichoderma sp. on these fungi. Commercial and native strains of T. harzianum and T. viride were evaluated against prevalent fungal contaminants of interspecific hybrid palm seeds. They were isolated and identified eleven strains of pathogenic fungi from interspecific hybrid palm seeds that were removed from the different stages of germination. Dual plate tests were conducted at prevalent fungi and the percent inhibition of radial growth (PICO) and mycoparasitism were determined. These fungi were inhibited in growth by the antagonistic effect of T. harzianum and T. viride. Similarly, T.viride showed a great potential as a biocontrol agent to inhibit over 60% seven out of eleven strains of contaminating fungi. Keyword: Antagonism, PICR, seed germination.ResumoO processo de germinação de sementes de palma hibrida interespecífica OxG (E. oleífera x E. guineensis) da empresa Indupalma Ltda., tem apresentado uma diminuição na produção, que se reflete em perdas económicas, devido à existência de fungos filamentosos que afetam as sementes. Estudos prévios evidenciaram o potencial controlador de Trichoderma sp. sobre estes fungos. Nesta pesquisa cepas nativas e comerciais de T. harzianum e T. viride foram avaliadas frente a fungos contaminantes prevalentes de sementes de palma hibrida interespecífica. Foram isolados e identificados onze fungos patógenos prevalentes a partir de sementes de palma hibrida interespecífica que foram eliminadas das diferentes etapas do processo de germinação. Foram realizados tests de placa dupla aos fungos contaminantes selecionados e se determinou a porcentagem de inibição de crescimento radial (PICR) e micoparasitismo. Estes fungos foram inibidos em seu crescimento pelo efeito antagonista de T. harzianum e T. viride. Da mesma forma T. viride comercial evidenciou grande potencial biocontrolador, inhibindo a mais do 60% das onze cepas fùngicas contaminantes. Palavras-chave: Antagonismo, PICR, germinação de sementes
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Andoji, Yogesh Suresh, and Sutar Aruna S. "Invitro mycoparasitism activity of Trichoderma spp against Fusarium solani inciting root rot of chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.)." World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 6, no. 3 (September 4, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33865/wjb.006.03.0430.
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Root rot of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is caused by Fusarium solani. This paper describes the efficacy of Trichoderma spp. against sensitive and resistant isolates of F, solani by dual culture method under invitro conditions. Trichoderma virens, T. atroviride, T. viride, T. harzianum, T. koningiopsis, T. stilbohypoxyli,and T. pseudokoningii species were used for the antagonistic study. Results indicate that all Trichoderma species showed great antagonistic activity. But among them, T. virens, T. atroviride, T. viride showed 90% and 80 % antagonistic activity than others in case of a sensitive isolate of test fungus. The resistant isolate of the pathogen was restricting the antagonism to some extent.
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А. А., Pavlenko, Kopylov Ye. P., and Tsekhmister H. V. "EFFICACY OF TRICHODERMA VIRIDE STRAIN WITH HIGH ANTAGONISTIC AND CELLULOLYTIC ACTIVITY." Agriciltural microbiology 33 (June 18, 2021): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.33.88-95.
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Objective. To study the efficacy of the use of a new strain of Trichoderma viride IMB F-100076 with high antagonistic and cellulolytic activity, in particular its effect on the photosynthetic apparatus and the yield of corn plants. Methods. Study of the effect of T. viride IMB F-100076 on corn94 yield was performed under the conditions of a three-year small-plot field experiment on sodmedium-podzolic soil. The content of chlorophyll a and b in the plants of the experimental variants was determined by spectrophotometry. Methods of mathematical statistics were used in processing the obtained data. Results. Data from a three-year field experiment showed that the application of straw had a negative effect on the yield of corn, which averaged 7.72 t/ha that is 12.3 % less than in the variant without the application of straw (control). Application of the antagonist fungus T. viride IMB F-100076 to the soil simultaneously with straw allowed to obtain an average yield of 9.5 t/ha during three years of study, which is 23 % higher than in the variant with straw. In the control variant (without application of straw and fungal suspension), the yield averaged 8.8 t/ha, which is 14 % higher than in the variant with straw not treated with fungus. It was shown that the content of chlorophylls in corn leaves increases under the influence of T. viride IMB F-100076. For instance, the total content of chlorophyll a and b was 261.04 mg/100 g of leaves, which is 39.0 % higher than in the variant with straw not treatment with a suspension of the fungus, and 15.3 % higher than in the control variant. The obtained results highlight that the treatment of straw with the fungus T. viride IMB F-100076 had a positive effect on the formation of the photosynthetic apparatus of corn plants. Conclusion. Simultaneous application of wheat straw and T. viride IMB F-100076 micromycete, which is characterized by high antagonistic and cellulolytic activity, provides a significant increase in corn yield versus the variant with straw not treated with fungus. The content of chlorophylls a and b in the leaves increases.
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قاسم, علي عبدالواحد, and أنفال عبدالرزاق الرحيماوي. "اختبار التضاد الفطري بين الفطرين الاحيائيين Trichoderma harzianum وT.viride وبعض الفطريات الصائدة للنيماتود على الاوساط الصلبة." Journal of Misan Researches 16, no. 31 (July 15, 2021): 266–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.52834/jmr.v16i31.31.
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تم اختبار القدرة التضادية بين الفطرين الأحيائيين Trichoderma harzianum وT. viride مع سبعة أنواع من الفطريات الصائدة للنيماتود (Arthrobotrys oligospora و A.conoides و A.eudermata و A.thaumasia و A.microcaphoides و A.cookedichison و Clonostachys rosea) على الوسطين وسط بطاطا - دكستروز- أكار (PDA) ووسط أكار- خلاصة الذرة (CMA). أظهرت النتائج ان الفطرين T. harzianum و T. viride يمتلكان قدرة تضادية عالية ضد الفطريات الصائدة للنيماتود المختبرة ، ووجد ان الفطر T. harzianum له تضاد ضد الفطريات الصائدة المختبرة أفضل من الفطر T.viride ، وبينت الدراسة ان الفطرين T.harzianumو T.viride لهما درجة تضاد 1، 2، 3 حسب مقياس Bell et al., (1982). كانت أكثر درجة تضاد هي 2 للفطرين T. harzianum و T. viride مع أغلب الفطريات المدروسة على الوسطين CMA وPDA. أظهرت النتائج انه لا يوجد اختلاف واضح في درجة التضاد عند استخدام الوسطين الزرعيين CMA وPDA عدا بعض الفطريات التي كان تضادها اختلف بين الوسطين الزرعيين. ولوحظ ان الفطر T. harzianum كانت درجة تضاده 1 مع الفطر A. conoidesوعلى الوسطين CMA و PDA والفطر A.thaumasia على الوسط CMA، في حين ان الفطر T.viride اعطى نفس الدرجة مع الفطر A.eudermata على الوسط PDA
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Silva, Antonio Carlos Ferreira da, Carlos Renato Echeveste da Rosa, and Itamar Soares de Melo. "Sensibilidade de isolados de Trichoderma spp. a benomil e iprodione." Ciência Rural 29, no. 3 (September 1999): 395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84781999000300003.
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Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a sensibilidade dos isolados selvagens de Trichoderma spp.; T. viride (Tal1); T. viride (T2b); T. harzianum (Tal8); T. viride (Tligjap); T. harzianum (TW5) e T. harzianum (TMA4) às concentrações de 0; 0,25; 0,5; 1,0 e 2,5µg/ml do ingrediente ativo do fungicida benomil e 0; 2,5; 5,0; 10,0 e 100,0µg/ml do ingrediente ativo do fungicida iprodione, in vitro. A avaliação consistiu de esporulação após sete dias de incubação, mediante o preparo de suspensão de esporos e contagem em câmara de Neubauer, e do cálculo da porcentagem de redução de crescimento das colônias (RC%) em meio BDA suplementado com as doses estabelecidas de cada fungicida. De modo geral, os fungicidas benomil e iprodione, presentes em meio de cultura, exerceram efeito negativo sobre o crescimento micelial e esporulação dos fungos. O isolado TW5 mostrou-se mais resistente com relação à redução de crescimento na dose de 1,0µg/ml de benomil e na dose de 10,0µg/ml de iprodione, sendo também um dos isolados que mais esporulou em presença dos fungicidas.
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Zakariah, Muhammad Askari. "Effect of Inoculations of Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mixed Culture on Chemical Composition, Fiber, Digestibility and Theobromine Cocoa Pod Fermentation." International Journal of Agriculture System 4, no. 2 (December 18, 2016): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/ijas.v4i2.691.
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The objective of the study was to identify the effect of Trichoderma viride andSaccharomyces cerevisiae inoculant on chemical compositions, digestibility, and theobromineconcentration of fermented cocoa pod. This experiment consisted of four treatments,namely cocoa pods without fermentation as control (R0); fermentation of cocoa pods withinoculant T. viride (R1); fermentation of cocoa pods with inoculant S. cerevisiae (R2); andfermentation of cocoa pods with inoculant T. viride and S. cerevisiae mixed culture (R3).Each treatment had 3 replicates, and then was fermented for 10 days. Variables observedwere the chemical compositions i.e dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein(CP), ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), nitrogen free extract (NFE), fiber fraction (Neutraldetergent fiber and acid detergent fiber), in vitro digestibility, and theobromine concentration.Data were analysed by one-way analysis of variance and followed by Duncan’s new multiplerange test (DMRT), if there were any significant difference. Results showed the inoculumaffected (P<0.05) the chemical composition, fiber fraction and in vitro digestibility. However,theobromine was not detected on cocoa pod without fermentation and fermentation.Compared to group R0, inoculation with T. viride and S. cerevisiae mixed culture (P<0.05)resulted in higher DM concentration (92.78% vs 89.72% respectively), higher CP (7.43% vs5.63% respectively), higher NDF (79.41% vs 61.18% respectively), higher ADF (73.04%vs 47.94% respectively), but was not significantly different on DM and OM digestibility(21.22% vs 22.24%, and 22.67% vs 24.31% respectively) than cocoa pod without fermentation.It is concluded that inoculant T. viride and S. cerevisiae mixed culture increased CPconcentration, but had no effect on in vitro digestibility.
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Yafetto, L., G. T. Odamtten, E. Birikorang, and S. Adu. "Protein Enhancement of Yam (Dioscorea rotundata) Peels with Single-or Co-Inoculation of Aspergillus niger Van Tieghem and Trichoderma viride Pers Ex Fr. Under Solid-State Fermentation." Ghana Journal of Science 61, no. 2 (January 31, 2021): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjs.v61i2.3.
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This study assessed the protein enrichment of sterilized and non-sterilised yam peels substrates fermented for 21 days at 25°C with mono- and co-cultures of Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride. Yam substrates were harvested at 0, 7, 14, and 21 days intervals for protein content and other chemical composition analyses. Results showed an overall percentage increase in protein contents of sterilised yam peels by 71.80% for A. niger, 58.03% for T. viride, and 80.60% for co-culture of A. niger and T. viride. Protein contents in non-sterilised yam peels increased by 113.30%, 95.00%, and 96.45% for A. niger, T. viride and co-culture of the test fungi, respectively. The significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher protein contents of the fermented, non-sterilised yam peels suggest possible successional microbial colonization of the substrate, and their combined, cumulative contributions to protein enhancement, unlike the sterilised yam peels. Ash content significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased in both sterilised and non-sterilised yam peels. These findings underscore the fact that, through fungal bioprocessing, protein contents of yam peels can be significantly enriched for value-addition. The practical implications of the findings are discussed
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Samsudin, Khaerati, and W. Amaria. "The effectiveness of yam (Pachyrhizus erosus) juice in maintaining the viability of Trichoderma viride spores." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 974, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/974/1/012022.
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Abstract Trichoderma viride is a potential biological agent to control main estate crop diseases. One of the disadvantages of this fungus is susceptible to ultraviolet (UV) from sunlight. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of yam juice (YJ) in protecting T. viride spores against UV exposure. The research was conducted from March to July 2019 at the Plant Protection Laboratory of IIBCRI, Sukabumi. The suitability as a growth medium was performed by incorporating 0%, 1%, 5% 10%, and 20% concentration of YJ into potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. The spore viability test used a 20% concentration of YJ in the talc carrier medium compared to control (without YJ) and exposing treatment for 0, 60, 120, and 180 minutes. The results showed that YJ was suitable for T. viride. The original viability remaining (OVR) were 77.9%, 32.62%, and 13.67% after exposing 60, 120, and 180 minutes under sunlight, and 40.01%, 35.78%, and 32.62% respectively under UV lamp. The relative efficiency (RE) value of YJ treatment after exposure 60, 120, and 180 minutes under sunlight were 4.72, 3.52, and 4.42 respectively, and under UV lamp were 1.69, 1.65, and 1.73 respectively. YJ effectively protects T. viride spores from UV exposure.