Journal articles: 'T-ray'

1

Zandonella, Catherine. "T-ray specs." Nature 424, no. 6950 (August 2003): 721–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/424721a.

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Mittleman, Daniel M., Stefan Hunsche, Luc Boivin, and Martin C. Nuss. "T-ray tomography." Optics Letters 22, no. 12 (June 15, 1997): 904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.22.000904.

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Mittleman, D. M., R. H. Jacobsen, and M. C. Nuss. "T-ray imaging." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 2, no. 3 (1996): 679–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/2944.571768.

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Ferguson, Bradley, Shaohong Wang, Doug Gray, Derek Abbot, and X. C. Zhang. "T-ray computed tomography." Optics Letters 27, no. 15 (August 1, 2002): 1312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.27.001312.

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Mickan, S. P., and X. C. Zhang. "T-Ray Sensing and Imaging." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 13, no. 02 (June 2003): 601–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156403001843.

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Terahertz (THz) radiation occupies part of the electromagnetic spectrum between the infrared and microwave bands. Until recently, technology at THz frequencies was under-developed compared to the rest of the electromagnetic spectrum, leaving a gap between millimeter waves and the far-infrared (FIR). In the past decade, interest in the THz gap has been increased by the development of ultrafast laser-based T-ray systems and their demonstration of diffraction-limited spatial resolution, picosecond temporal resolution, DC-THz spectral bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratios above 104. This chapter reviews the development, the state of the art and the applications of T-ray spectrometers. Continuous-wave (CW) THz-frequency sources and detectors are briefly introduced in comparison to ultrafast pulsed THz systems. An emphasis is placed on experimental applications of T-rays to sensing and imaging, with a view to the continuing advance of technologies and applications in the THz band.

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Withayachumnankul, Withawat, Gretel M. Png, Xiaoxia Yin, Shaghik Atakaramians, Inke Jones, Hungyen Lin, Benjamin Seam Yu Ung, et al. "T-Ray Sensing and Imaging." Proceedings of the IEEE 95, no. 8 (August 2007): 1528–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2007.900325.

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7

Wilson, M. C. "Ray T. Everly 1902-1986." Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America 33, no. 1 (March 1, 1987): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/besa/33.1.58.

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Wang, S., T. Yuan, E. D. Walsby, R. J. Blaikie, S. M. Durbin, D. R. S. Cumming, J. Xu, and X. C. Zhang. "Characterization of T-ray binary lenses." Optics Letters 27, no. 13 (July 1, 2002): 1183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.27.001183.

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Ferguson, Bradley, Shaohong Wang, Doug Gray, Derek Abbott, and X.-C. Zhang. "Towards functional 3D T-ray imaging." Physics in Medicine and Biology 47, no. 21 (October 16, 2002): 3735–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/47/21/309.

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Im, Kwang-Hee, Jong-An Jeong, David K. Hsu, and Kil-Sung Lee. "Nondestructive Evaluation of the Turbine Blade of Wind Energy By Using T-Ray." Journal of manufacturing engineering & technology 21, no. 1 (February 15, 2012): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7735/ksmte.2012.21.1.102.

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Lee, Kanghee, Kyung Hwan Jin, Jong Chul Ye, and Jaewook Ahn. "Coherent optical computing for T-ray imaging." Optics Letters 35, no. 4 (February 8, 2010): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.35.000508.

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Victoria del Valle, María, Gustavo E. Romero, Pedro Luis Luque-Escamilla, Josep Martí, and Juan Ramón Sánchez-Sutil. "ARE T TAURI STARS GAMMA-RAY EMITTERS?" Astrophysical Journal 738, no. 1 (August 17, 2011): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/738/1/115.

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Drake, Jeremy J., Barbara Ercolano, Ettore Flaccomio, and Giusi Micela. "X-RAY PHOTOEVAPORATION-STARVED T TAURI ACCRETION." Astrophysical Journal 699, no. 1 (June 15, 2009): L35—L38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/699/1/l35.

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Jardine, M., A. C. Cameron, J. F. Donati, S. G. Gregory, and K. Wood. "X-ray emission from T Tauri stars." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 367, no. 3 (April 11, 2006): 917–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09995.x.

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15

Nuss, M. C. "Chemistry is right for T-ray imaging." IEEE Circuits and Devices Magazine 12, no. 2 (March 1996): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/101.485909.

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Yasumatsu, Naoya, and Shinichi Watanabe. "T-ray topography by time-domain polarimetry." Optics Letters 37, no. 13 (June 26, 2012): 2706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.37.002706.

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17

Zhou, Zhitao, Tao Zhou, Shaoqing Zhang, Zhifeng Shi, Ying Chen, Wenjian Wan, Xinxin Li, et al. "Multicolor T-Ray Imaging Using Multispectral Metamaterials." Advanced Science 5, no. 7 (March 25, 2018): 1700982. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/advs.201700982.

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18

Bertoncello, Ivan, and Susie K. Nilsson. "In memoriam: T. Ray Bradley (1923–2013)." Experimental Hematology 41, no. 10 (October 2013): 833–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exphem.2013.09.001.

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19

Im, Kwang-Hee, Je-Woong Park, In-Young Yang, and David Kuei Hsu. "Influence of electric field direction of terahertz radiation on composite materials." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 12 (December 26, 2016): 1603–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316688592.

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Terahertz waves (T-ray) for the non-destructive evaluation were investigated on composite materials. The modalities of the T-ray radiation used were time domain spectroscopy and continuous wave for composites. The composite materials are composed of non-conducting polymeric composites and carbon fiber composites. T-ray signals in the time domain spectroscopy mode resembles that of ultrasound; however, unlike ultrasound, T-ray pulse can detect a crack hidden behind a larger crack (shadow effect). Thick glass fiber reinforced polymer laminates containing double-saw slots was demonstrated. Also, in carbon composites the penetration of T-ray waves was investigated in order to detect flaws is strongly affected by the angle between the electric field vector of the terahertz waves and the intervening fiber directions. Other composites tested in this study include both solid laminates and honeycomb sandwiches. The defects and anomalies investigated by T-ray were foreign material inclusions, simulated disbond and delamination, mechanical impact damage, heat damage, and water or hydraulic fluid ingression. The intensive characterization of T-ray for the non-destructive evaluation of composites are being discussed.

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Kwiecień, Iwona, Elżbieta Rutkowska, Krzysztof Kłos, Ewa Więsik-Szewczyk, Karina Jahnz-Różyk, Piotr Rzepecki, and Andrzej Chciałowski. "Maturation of T and B Lymphocytes in the Assessment of the Immune Status in COVID-19 Patients." Cells 9, no. 12 (December 5, 2020): 2615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9122615.

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Cell response to novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is currently a widely researched topic. The assessment of leukocytes population and the maturation of both B and T lymphocytes may be important in characterizing the immunological profile of COVID-19 patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate maturation of B and T cells in COVID-19 patients with interstitial lesions on chest X-ray (COVID-19 X-ray (+)), without changes on X-ray (COVID-19 X-ray (−)) and in healthy control. The study group consisted of 23 patients divided on two groups: COVID-19 X-ray (+) n = 14 and COVID-19 X-ray (−) n = 9 and control n = 20. The flow cytometry method was performed. We observed a significantly higher percentage of plasmablasts and lower CD4+ lymphocytes in COVID-19 X-ray (+) patients than in COVID-19 X-ray (−) and control. In the COVID-19 X-ray (+) patients, there was a lower proportion of effector CD4+ T cells, naïve CD8+ T cells and higher central memory CD4+ cells and effector CD8+ T cells than control. The above results showed that the assessment of selected cells of B and T lymphocytes by flow cytometry can distinguish patients with COVID-19 and differentiate patients with and without changes on chest X-ray.

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Bobrovskij, G. A., D. A. Kislov, E. S. Lyadina, and P. V. Savrukhin. "Tokamak T‐10 soft x‐ray imaging diagnostic." Review of Scientific Instruments 62, no. 4 (April 1991): 886–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142025.

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22

Aglietta, M., B. Alessandro, P. Antonioli, F. Arneodo, L. Bergamasco, M. Bertaina, A. Campos Fauth, et al. "Large-P T physics with cosmic-ray events." Il Nuovo Cimento C 18, no. 6 (November 1995): 663–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02506646.

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23

Yin, X. X., K. M. Kong, J. W. Lim, B. W. H. Ng, B. Ferguson, S. P. Mickan, and D. Abbott. "Enhanced T-ray signal classification using wavelet preprocessing." Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 45, no. 6 (April 21, 2007): 611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11517-007-0185-y.

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24

Kalbach, James. "Book review: Learning XML, by Erik T. Ray." Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 52, no. 12 (2001): 1082–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asi.1166.

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25

Im, Kwang-Hee, Sun-Kyu Kim, Young-Tae Cho, Yong-Deuck Woo, and Chien-Ping Chiou. "THz-TDS Techniques of Thickness Measurements in Thin Shim Stock Films and Composite Materials." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (September 24, 2021): 8889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11198889.

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Terahertz wave (T-ray) scanning applications are one of the most promising tools for nondestructive evaluation. T-ray scanning applications use a T-ray technique to measure the thickness of both thin Shim stock films and GFRP (glass fiber-reinforced plastics) composites, of which the samples were selected because the T-ray method could penetrate the non-conducting samples. Notably, this method is nondestructive, making it useful for analyzing the characteristics of the materials. Thus, the T-ray thickness measurement can be found for both non-conducting Shim stock films and GFRP composites. In this work, a characterization procedure was conducted to analyze electromagnetic properties, such as the refractive index. The obtained estimates of the properties are in good agreement with the known data for poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) for acquiring the refractive index. The T-ray technique was developed to measure the thickness of the thin Shim stock films and the GFRP composites. Our tests obtained good results on the thickness of the standard film samples, with the different thicknesses ranging from around 120 μm to 500 μm. In this study, the T-ray method was based on the reflection mode measurement, and the time-of-flight (TOF) and resonance frequencies were utilized to acquire the thickness measurements of the films and GFRP composites. The results showed that the thickness of the samples of frequency matched those obtained directly by time-of-flight (TOF) methods.

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26

Chivers, Tristram, Chantall Fedorchuk, Gabriele Schatte, and Justin K. Brask. "Syntheses and X-ray structures of boraamidinate complexes of lithium, phosphorus, and tellurium." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 80, no. 7 (July 1, 2002): 821–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v02-111.

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The dilithiated boraamidinate complexes {Li2[RB(N-t-Bu)2]}2 (1a, R = Ph; 1b, R = t-Bu), prepared by the reaction of B[N(H)-t-Bu]3 with three equivalents of LiR, are shown by X-ray crystallography to have dimeric structures consisting of a distorted Li4N4 cube capped on two opposite faces by RB units. Reactions of 1a with TeCl4 or PX3 (X = Cl, Br) yielded complexes PhB(μ-N-t-Bu)2TeCl2 (2) and PhB(μ-N-t-Bu)2PX (4a, X = Cl; 4b, X = Br), respectively. The structures of 2 and 4b were determined by X-ray crystallography. In the solid state, complex 2 forms a dimer with weak Te···Cl contacts (3.2411(6) Å). Complex 4b is monomeric with a PBr bond length of 2.3047(11) Å. The reactions of 2 and 4a with the appropriate amounts of Li[N(H)-t-Bu] produce the monomeric tellurium imide PhB(μ-N-t-Bu)2Te=N-t-Bu and the amido derivative PhB(μ-N-t-Bu)2PN(H)-t-Bu (4c), respectively. The X-ray structure of 4c was determined. Deprotonation of 4c with n-BuLi produces the dimeric monolithium derivative {Li[PhB(μ-N-t-Bu)2PN-t-Bu]}2 (5), which was shown by X-ray crystallography to have a centrosymmetric structure with a central transoid Li2N2 ring.Key words: boraamidinates, lithium, tellurium, phosphorus, X-ray structures.

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27

Pozniak, H. "T-Ray Imaging Gets Under the Skin [medical imaging]." Engineering & Technology 16, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 48–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et.2021.0209.

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28

Sawkey, D., E. Schreiber, and B. Faddegon. "SU-GG-T-350: X-Ray Beam Model Benchmarks." Medical Physics 35, no. 6Part14 (June 2008): 2806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2962102.

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29

Ducournau, Guillaume. "T-ray modulation of light for future THz radios." Nature Photonics 13, no. 8 (July 24, 2019): 511–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41566-019-0499-y.

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30

Abbott, Derek, and Xi-Cheng Zhang. "Special Issue on T-Ray Imaging, Sensing, and Retection." Proceedings of the IEEE 95, no. 8 (August 2007): 1509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2007.900894.

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31

Bustamante, I., B. Merín, H. Bouy, C. F. Manara, Á. Ribas, and P. Riviere-Marichalar. "X-ray deficiency on strongly accreting T Tauri stars." Astronomy & Astrophysics 587 (February 22, 2016): A81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201527383.

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32

Gregory, S. G., M. Jardine, A. C. Cameron, and J. F. Donati. "Rotationally modulated X-ray emission from T Tauri stars." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 373, no. 2 (December 1, 2006): 827–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11086.x.

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33

Im, Kwang Hee, Sun Kyu Kim, David K. Hsu, and Jong An Jung. "Coating Thickness Characterization of Composite Materials Using Terahertz Waves." Materials Science Forum 878 (November 2016): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.878.70.

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Recently, terahertz ray imaging has emerged as one of the most promising new powerful nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques for the area applications. In this study, a new time-domain spectroscopy system was utilized for measuring the coating thickness on CFRP composite laminates. Extensive experimental measurements in reflection mode were made to map out the T-ray images. Also, the refractive index was estimated based on the electromagnetic properties. The CFRP composite laminates were observed in reflection mode and limitations will be discussed in the T-ray processing. By using these characterized material properties, the characteristics was successfully demonstrated for T-ray behavior propagating through the Shim Stock films for acquiring the refractive index. The T-ray technique has been developed for the measurement of the thickness of the Shim Stock films and the coating thickness on CFRP composites. Good results have been obtained in tests made on the thickness of the standard film samples with the coating thickness ranging from around hundreds of μm.

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Withayachumnankul, Withawat, Bernd M. Fischer, and Derek Abbott. "Numerical removal of water vapour effects from terahertz time-domain spectroscopy measurements." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 464, no. 2097 (May 6, 2008): 2435–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2007.0294.

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The use of T-rays, or terahertz radiation, to identify substances by their spectroscopic fingerprints is a rapidly moving field. The dominant approach is presently terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. However, a key problem is that ambient water vapour is ubiquitous and the consequent water absorption distorts the T-ray pulses. Water molecules in the gas phase selectively absorb incident T-rays at discrete frequencies corresponding to their molecular rotational transitions. When T-rays propagate through an atmosphere, this results in prominent resonances spread over the T-ray spectrum; furthermore, in the time domain, fluctuations after the main pulse are observed in the T-ray signal. These effects are generally undesired, since they may mask critical spectroscopic data. So, ambient water vapour is commonly removed from the T-ray path by using a closed chamber during the measurement. Yet, in some applications, a closed chamber is not always feasible. This situation, therefore, motivates the need for an optional alternative method for reducing these unwanted artefacts. This paper represents a study on a computational means that is a step towards addressing the problem arising from water vapour absorption over a moderate propagation distance. Initially, the complex frequency response of water vapour is modelled from a spectroscopic catalogue. Using a deconvolution technique, together with fine tuning of the strength of each resonance, parts of the water vapour response are removed from a measured T-ray signal, with minimal signal distortion, thus providing experimental validation of the technique.

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Wang, Mingxun, Baolu Yang, Xin Wang, Cheng Yang, Jie Xu, Baozhong Mu, Kai Xiong, and Yanyi Li. "YOLO-T: Multitarget Intelligent Recognition Method for X-ray Images Based on the YOLO and Transformer Models." Applied Sciences 12, no. 22 (November 21, 2022): 11848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122211848.

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X-ray security inspection processes have a low degree of automation, long detection times, and are subject to misjudgment due to occlusion. To address these problems, this paper proposes a multi-objective intelligent recognition method for X-ray images based on the YOLO deep learning network and an optimized transformer structure (YOLO-T). We also construct the GDXray-Expanded X-ray detection dataset, which contains multiple types of dangerous goods. Using this dataset, we evaluated several versions of the YOLO deep learning network model and compared the results to those of the proposed YOLO-T model. The proposed YOLO-T method demonstrated higher accuracy for multitarget and hidden-target detection tasks. On the GDXray-Expanded dataset, the maximum mAP of the proposed YOLO-T model was 97.73%, which is 7.66%, 16.47%, and 7.11% higher than that obtained by the YOLO v2, YOLO v3, and YOLO v4 models, respectively. Thus, we believe that the proposed YOLO-T network has good application prospects in X-ray security inspection technologies. In all kinds of security detection scenarios using X-ray security detectors, the model proposed in this paper can quickly and accurately identify dangerous goods, which has broad application value.

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Kabadi, N., P. Adrian, C. Stoeckl, A. Sorce, H. W. Sio, M. Bedzyk, T. Evans, et al. "The phase-2 particle x-ray temporal diagnostic for simultaneous measurement of multiple x-ray and nuclear emission histories from OMEGA implosions (invited)." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 103538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0101648.

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Electron-temperature (T e) measurements in implosions provide valuable diagnostic information, as T e is negligibly affected by residual flows and other non-thermal effects unlike ion-temperature inferred from a fusion product spectrum. In OMEGA cryogenic implosions, measurement of T e(t) can be used to investigate effects related to time-resolved hot-spot energy balance. The newly implemented phase-2 Particle X-ray Temporal Diagnostic (PXTD) utilizes four fast-rise (∼15 ps) scintillator-channels with distinct x-ray filtering. Titanium and stepped aluminum filtering were chosen to maximize detector sensitivity in the 10–20 keV range, as it has been shown that these x rays have similar density and temperature weighting to the emitted deuterium–tritium fusion neutrons (DTn) from OMEGA Cryo-DT implosions. High quality data have been collected from warm implosions at OMEGA. These data have been used to infer spatially integrated T e(t) with <10% uncertainty at peak emission. Nuclear and x-ray emission histories are measured with 10 ps relative timing uncertainty for x rays and DTn and 12 ps for x rays and deuterium-[Formula: see text] protons (D3Hep). A future upgrade to the system will enable spatially integrated T e(t) with 40 ps time-resolution from cryogenic DT implosions.

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Wu, Z. Y., C. R. Natoli, and M. Benfatto. "X-ray absorption studies of Sr, La and Nd in T- and T′- phase compounds." Physica B: Condensed Matter 208-209 (March 1995): 491–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4526(94)00731-a.

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Schneider, P. C., H. M. Günther, J. Robrade, J. H. M. M. Schmitt, and M. Güdel. "Multiepoch, multiwavelength study of accretion onto T Tauri." Astronomy & Astrophysics 618 (October 2018): A55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201731613.

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Classical T Tauri stars (CTTSs) accrete matter from the inner edge of their surrounding circumstellar disks. The impact of the accretion material on the stellar atmosphere results in a strong shock, which causes emission from the X-ray to the near-infrared (NIR) domain. Shock velocities of several 100 km s−1 imply that the immediate post shock plasma emits mainly in X-rays. Indeed, two X-ray diagnostics, the so-called soft excess and the high densities observed in He-like triplets, differentiate CTTSs from their non-accreting siblings. However, accretion shock properties derived from X-ray diagnostics often contradict established ultraviolet (UV)–NIR accretion tracers and a physical model simultaneously explaining both, X-ray and UV–NIR accretion tracers, is not yet available. We present new XMM-Newton and Chandra grating observations of the CTTS T Tauri combined with UV and optical data. During all epochs, the soft excess is large and the densities derived from the O VII and Ne IX He-like triplets are compatible with coronal densities. This confirms that the soft X-ray emission cannot originate in accretion funnels that carry the bulk of the accretion rate despite T Tauri’s large soft excess. Instead, we propose a model of radially density stratified accretion columns to explain the density diagnostics and the soft excess. In addition, accretion rate and X-ray luminosity are inversely correlated in T Tauri over several epochs. Such an anti-correlation has been observed in samples of stars. Hence the process causing it must be intrinsic to the accretion process, and we speculate that the stellar magnetic field configuration on the visible hemisphere affects both the accretion rate and the coronal emission, eventually causing the observed anti-correlation.

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Neuhäuser, R., and Th Preibisch. "X-ray Flare Rate of T Tauri Stars in Taurus." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 151 (1995): 216–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100035028.

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AbstractWe study the X-ray emission of several hundred (young, low-mass, late-type, pre-main sequence) T Tauri stars (TTS) in the Taurus T association, a nearby well-studied region of ongoing star formation. We report on X-ray emission variability of TTS as observed with the flux-limited ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS). Since RASS observations are spatially unbiased, we can investigate the X-ray flare rate of TTS on a large sample. We find that large flares are very rare (once per year), while medium-size flares can occur once in ∼ 40 days.

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Willingale, Richard, and Paul T. O'Brien. "The late X-ray afterglow of gamma-ray bursts." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 365, no. 1854 (February 13, 2007): 1189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1996.

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We have developed a functional fit which can be used to represent the entire temporal decay of the X-ray afterglow of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The fit delineates and parameterizes well-defined phases for the decay: the prompt emission; an initial steep decay; a shallow plateau phase; and finally, a powerlaw afterglow. For 20% of GRBs, the plateau phase is weak, or not seen, and the initial powerlaw decay becomes the final afterglow. We compare the temporal decay parameters and X-ray spectral indices for 107 GRBs discovered by Swift with the expectations of the standard fireball model including a search for possible jet breaks. For approximately 50% of GRBs, the observed afterglow is in accord with the model, but for the rest the temporal and spectral properties are not as expected. We identify a few possible jet breaks, but there are many examples where such breaks are predicted but are absent. We also find that the start time of the final afterglow decay, T a , is associated with the peak of the prompt γ -ray emission spectrum, E peak , just as optical jet-break times, t j , are associated with E peak in the Ghirlanda relation.

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Johnson-Léger, C. A., and C. J. Dean. "Presentation of anti-idiotypic antibody is sensitive to ionizing radiation." Journal of Immunology 153, no. 2 (July 15, 1994): 574–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.153.2.574.

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Abstract We have been investigating the generation of specific immune responses using monoclonal anti-idiotypic Abs (Ab2) as surrogate tumor Ag. We have prepared a series of idiotypic mAbs (Ab1) from CBH/cbi rats bearing the syngeneic sarcoma HSN and have used these Ab1 to generate autologous Ab2. By using the autologous Ab2 as Ag, we have isolated T cell lines from CBH/cbi rats that proliferate specifically in the presence of the Ab2, with spleen cells as APC. Specific proliferation of the T cells was prevented if the spleen cells used for presentation were irradiated with conventional doses of x-rays (1000 rad) just before use. Titration of the radiation response showed that the capacity of the spleen cells to present Ag decreased exponentially with x-ray doses of up to 100 rad, at which dose presentation was virtually abolished. The same irradiated spleen cells were fully competent to present OVA to CBH/cbi-derived rat T cell lines specific for this Ag. Preincubating the APC with Ag before irradiation abrogated the effect of x-irradiation on the presentation of Ab2. We conclude that, in this rat system, the presentation of autologous Ab2 is highly sensitive to the effects of low doses of x-rays. The clinical significance of these findings is discussed.

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Kummer, K., A. Fondacaro, E. Jimenez, E. Velez-Fort, A. Amorese, M. Aspbury, F. Yakhou-Harris, P. van der Linden, and N. B. Brookes. "The high-field magnet endstation for X-ray magnetic dichroism experiments at ESRF soft X-ray beamline ID32." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 23, no. 2 (February 20, 2016): 464–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160057751600179x.

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A new high-field magnet endstation for X-ray magnetic dichroism experiments has been installed and commissioned at the ESRF soft X-ray beamline ID32. The magnet consists of two split-pairs of superconducting coils which can generate up to 9 T along the beam and up to 4 T orthogonal to the beam. It is connected to a cluster of ultra-high-vacuum chambers that offer a comprehensive set of surface preparation and characterization techniques. The endstation and the beam properties have been designed to provide optimum experimental conditions for X-ray magnetic linear and circular dichroism experiments in the soft X-ray range between 400 and 1600 eV photon energy. User operation started in November 2014.

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Hou, Shu-Jin, Shuang Du, Tong Liu, Hui-Jun Mu, and Ren-Xin Xu. "Evidence of X-Ray Plateaus Driven by the Magnetar Spindown Winds in Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows." Astrophysical Journal 922, no. 2 (November 24, 2021): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac2c74.

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Abstract The central engine of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) remains an open and cutting-edge topic in the era of multimessenger astrophysics. X-ray plateaus appear in some GRB afterglows, which are widely considered to originate from the spindown of magnetars. According to the stable magnetar scenario of GRBs, an X-ray plateau and a decay phase ∼t −2 should appear in X-ray afterglows. Meanwhile, the “normal” X-ray afterglow is produced by the external shock from a GRB fireball. We analyze the Neil Gehrels Swift GRB data, then find three gold samples that have an X-ray plateau and a decay phase ∼t −2 superimposed on the jet-driven normal component. Based on these features of the lightcurves, we argue that the magnetars should be the central engines of these three GRBs. Future joint multimessenger observations might further test this possibility, which can then be beneficial to constrain GRB physics.

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Fábregas, Ismael Oscar, Diego Germán Lamas, Noemí Elizabeth Walsöe de Reca, Márcia C. A. Fantini, Aldo F. Craievich, and Rogério Junqueira Prado. "Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy studies on nanocrystalline ZrO2–CaO solid solutions." Journal of Applied Crystallography 41, no. 4 (June 14, 2008): 680–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889808013046.

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The crystal structure and the local atomic order of a series of nanocrystalline ZrO2–CaO solid solutions with varying CaO content were studied by synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. These samples were synthesized by a pH-controlled nitrate–glycine gel-combustion process. For CaO contents up to 8 mol%, the t′ form of the tetragonal phase (c/a> 1) was identified, whereas for 10 and 12 mol% CaO, the t′′ form (c/a= 1; oxygen anions displaced from their ideal positions in the cubic phase) was detected. Finally, the cubic phase was observed for solid solutions with CaO content of 14 mol% CaO or higher. The t′/t′′ and t′′/cubic compositional boundaries were determined to be at 9 (1) and 13 (1) mol% CaO, respectively. The EXAFS study demonstrated that this transition is related to a tetragonal-to-cubic symmetry change of the first oxygen coordination shell around the Zr atoms.

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Han, Seong-Tae, Antonio C. Torrezan, Jagadishwar R. Sirigiri, Michael A. Shapiro, and Richard J. Temkin. "Real-time, T-ray imaging using a sub-terahertz gyrotron." Journal of the Korean Physical Society 60, no. 11 (June 2012): 1857–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/jkps.60.1857.

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Thorkildsen, Gunnar, and Helge B. Larsen. "X-ray diffraction in perfect t × l crystals. Rocking curves." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 55, no. 5 (September 1, 1999): 840–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767399002986.

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A general formalism, based on the Takagi–Taupin equations, for calculating rocking curves in perfect t\times l crystals is presented. It includes nonsymmetrical scattering, refraction, and ordinary and anomalous absorption. t and l may be varied independently. In the limit of a semi-infinite crystal, the standard results from the fundamental theory are retrieved. For crystal dimensions less than the extinction length, the theory converges to the kinematical limit. Simulations for germanium and silicon show significant influence of crystal finiteness. When dynamical effects are prominent, the curves exhibit various degrees of asymmetry and the full width at half-maximum is generally larger than the corresponding Darwin width. This is attributed to combined Laue and Bragg contributions which are shifted with respect to each other owing to refraction.

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Lobe, Ann. "X=T: THE ART OF X-RAY PHOTOGRAPHY. Seiju Toda." Art Documentation: Journal of the Art Libraries Society of North America 14, no. 3 (October 1995): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/adx.14.3.27948775.

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Robrade, J., and J. H. M. M. Schmitt. "XMM-Newton X-ray spectroscopy of classical T Tauri stars." Astronomy & Astrophysics 449, no. 2 (March 21, 2006): 737–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20054247.

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Stecker, F. W., O. C. de Jager, and M. H. Salamon. "Predicted Extragalactic T[CLC]e[/CLC]V Gamma-Ray Sources." Astrophysical Journal 473, no. 2 (December 20, 1996): L75—L78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/310407.

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Köhler, Rainer. "Multiplicity of X-Ray–selected T Tauri Stars in Chamaeleon." Astronomical Journal 122, no. 6 (December 2001): 3325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/323919.

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Journal articles on the topic 'T-ray'

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