Journal articles: 'T-Joint'

1

Lee, M. M. K., T. Pine, and T. B. Jones. "An experimental and finite element study of the torsional behaviour of T-joints in automotive structures." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 215, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407011525601.

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Single box sections and T-joints (two box sections joined together at right angles) are commonly used to represent automotive components, such as pillars and sills, in laboratory testing. In the work presented herein, the torsional properties of T-joints were determined both experimentally and numerically. A factorial-design test programme comparing adhesive-bonded and spot-welded T-joints was carried out. Numerical models, generated using a general-purpose finite element program and validated against the test results, were used to investigate further the behaviour of the connection between the two box sections in a T-joint. The joining technique and the joint eccentricity at the connection (the distance of the join from the vertical box section) were found to influence the torsional properties of T-joints. Finally, an automotive T-component was analysed to examine the applicability of the T-joint results to more complex components.

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2

Singh, Ranjeet, and Er Gora Ram Sharma. "Analysis and Optimization of T Shape Weld Joint Using FEA." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 1783–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.48154.

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Abstract: The weld joints are used in various types of mechanical and civil engineering structures to strengthen the joints. The strength of T shaped weld joint significantly depends upon the design parameters of weld joint. The current research is intended to investigate the T shaped weld joint using techniques of Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The FEA analysis is conducted on T shaped weld joint using ANSYS simulation package. The optimization studies are conducted on T shaped weld joint to determine the effect weld joint parameters on induced deformation. From the optimization studies, the dimensions corresponding to weld height is determined for maximum and minimum deformation of T shaped weld joint.

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3

Song, Sheng Zhi, and Yong Bo Shao. "Static Strength of Concrete-Filled Circle Tubular (CFCT) T-Joints under Axial Loading." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 854–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.854.

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For typical tubular T-joint, the common failure generally occurs near the weld toe on the chord surface due to the fact that the stiffness of the chord in radial direction is much smaller than that of the brace in axial direction. In this paper, the static strength of tubular T-joints is improved by filling concrete into the chord. The finite element method is used to investigate the improving effeciency of the static strength for tubular T-joints with filling concrete in the chord under axial compression and tension. Firstly, 6 T-joint models were analyzed to prove that filling concrete in the chord is effective to increase the static strength and the stiffness of T-joints with hollow section. Afterwards, based on the analyzing mechanism for CFCT T-joint under axial compression and tension, the different performances under axial compression and tension between circle hollow tubular T-joint and CFCT T-joint were clarified, and the different failure modes for tubular T-joints with hollow section and CFCT T-joints were compared and analyzed.

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Matti, Feleb, and Fidelis Mashiri. "Experimental, numerical and parametric studies on stress concentration factors of T-joints under tension." Advances in Structural Engineering 25, no. 2 (October 21, 2021): 392–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13694332211049994.

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This paper investigates the behaviour of square hollow section (SHS) T-joints under static axial tension for the determination of stress concentration factors (SCFs) at the hot spot locations. Five empty and corresponding concrete-filled SHS-SHS T-joint connections were tested experimentally and numerically. The experimental investigation was carried out by attaching strain gauges onto the SHS-SHS T-joint specimens. The numerical study was then conducted by developing three-dimensional finite element (FE) T-joint models using ABAQUS finite element analysis software for capturing the distribution of the SCFs at the hot spot locations. The results showed that there is a good agreement between the experimental and numerical SCFs. A series of formulae for the prediction of SCF in concrete-filled SHS T-joints under tension were proposed, and good agreement was achieved between the maximum SCFs in SHS T-joints calculated from FE T-joint models and those from the predicted formulae.

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5

Piekarska, Wiesława, Zbigniew Saternus, Milan Sapieta, and Peter Kopas. "The influence of joining technique on the deformation of laser welded T-joints." MATEC Web of Conferences 254 (2019): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925402011.

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T-joints are often used in large-scale welded constructions. The use of a laser beam for welding allows to create joints using various techniques. Used welding method affects the shape and size of heat affected zone, deformation of welded elements and consequently the quality of the joint. This work concerns the numerical modeling of the size of heat affected zone and welding deformations in T-joint obtained with two different welding techniques: single-side fillet T-joint and butt welded T-joint, called I-core welded joint. Numerical simulations are carried out in the commercial Abaqus FEA software, supplemented by an additional numerical subroutines which enabled the analysis of thermomechanical phenomena occurring in welding process. Mathematical model of a moveable welding source and the description of heat source positioning relative to the edges of the connected elements are described in numerical subroutines. The material parameters of austenitic steel are taken into account. The size of deformations of welded joints are determined as well as the influence of two different joininig techniques of T-joint on the amount of generated welding deformations are analyzed and compared.

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6

Al Samhan, Ali M. "Strength Prediction of Bonded T-Peel Joint with Single Overlap Support." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 781–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.781.

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Bonded structure are commonly three types, purely adhesive bonded, weld-bonded and adhesive/mechanical structures. Generally, peel and overlapped joints are commonly used in the development of bonded structures. T-Peel bonded joint has week tensile loading strength compare to double-overlap bonded joint. The present work aimed to predicting the strength of bonded T-peel joint with single overlap support using finite-element method. For comparison purposes, normal bonded T-peel joint is included in this study. It was found the introduction of a single overlap support for bonded T-peel joint strengthening the joint by 300%. Furthermore, it was reported that the proposed joint strength increased further with increase of the overlap support plate length and thickness.

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7

Özes, Çiçek, and Özgen Aydin. "Analysis of Sandwich T-Joints under Compression Loads in Marine Applications." Advanced Composites Letters 18, no. 3 (May 2009): 096369350901800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369350901800301.

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This paper deals with the analysis of sandwich T-joints in terms of buckling loads, which are used in marine applications. Buckling loads have been investigated experimentally and numerically. Loading is applied as uniform axial compression. The GRP/PVC sandwich composite T- joints have been manufactured in six different geometries. Numerical and experimental results both show that the geometry of the T-joint area affects the buckling loads. It has been observed that failure mode is the same in all of the joint types, which is core shear. Stress distributions in T-joints have also been investigated under buckling loads and also for a constant compression load. It is seen that T-joint geometry has an effect on stress distributions obtained under buckling loads.

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8

Al Samhan, Ali M. "Analysis of T-Peel Weld-Bonded Joint with Single Overlap Support." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 2276–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.2276.

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Bonded structure are commonly of three types, purely adhesive bonded, weld-bonded and adhesive/mechanical structures. Peel and overlapped joints are commonly used in the development of bonded structures. T-Peel bonded joint has week tensile strength load compared to double-overlap bonded joint. The present work aimed to predicting the strength of weld-bonded T-peel joint with single overlap weld-bond support plate using finite-element method. For comparison purposes, weld-bond T-peel joint without support is included in this study. It was found the peak stress is concentrated towards the inner far end of T-peel mid-layer of adhesive and through weld-nugget center. The introduction of single overlap weld-bond support for T-peel joint strengthen the joint by 500%.

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9

Li, De Zhi, Li Han, Zong Jin Lu, Martin Thornton, and Mike Shergold. "Influence of Die Profiles and Cracks on Joint Buttons on the Joint Quality and Mechanical Strengths of High Strength Aluminium Alloy Joint." Advanced Materials Research 548 (July 2012): 398–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.548.398.

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Currently, self-piercing riveting (SPR) is a major technology used by manufacturers to join aluminium body structures to reduce vehicle weight. Normally, for SPR of one specific stack more than one die, rivet, and velocity combination can be applied. Which parameter combination is chosen is depending on the surrounding joints. In order to increase productivity and reduce the number of robots used, it is preferred to use the same rivet/die combination for as many joints as possible. This means for the same stack, different die may be used. To see the influence of die profiles on joint quality, a DF die, which would generate severe cracks and a DC die, which would generate no cracks or only small cracks, were used to join two stacks with a high strength aluminium alloy, AA6008T61, as the bottom layer. The joint quality was analyzed, and the static and fatigue strengths of these stacks were studied. Results showed that cracks on joint buttons might reduce static and fatigue lap shear strength but had no obvious influence on static and fatigue T peel strength for the joints studied.

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10

Hu, Wengang, and Na Liu. "Comparisons of finite element models used to predict bending strength of mortise-and-tenon joints." BioResources 15, no. 3 (June 10, 2020): 5801–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.5801-5811.

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This study aimed to obtain a better method for establishing a finite element model of mortise-and-tenon (M-T) joints. Three types of M-T joint finite element models, which included a whole rigid model, a tie rigid model, and a semi-rigid model, were established and compared with experimental results by predicting the bending moment capacity (BMC) of M-T joints based on the finite element method (FEM). The results showed that the semi-rigid model performed much better than the tie rigid model, followed by the whole rigid model. For the semi-rigid model, the ratios of FEM ranged from 0.85 to 1.09. For the whole rigid model and tie rigid model, the BMC of the M-T joint was overestimated. In addition, the results showed that tenon size remarkably affected the BMC and stiffness of the M-T joint, and tenon width had a greater effect on the BMC of the M-T joint than the tenon length.

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11

Hu, Wengang, and Na Liu. "Numerical and Optimal Study on Bending Moment Capacity and Stiffness of Mortise-and-Tenon Joint for Wood Products." Forests 11, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11050501.

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Mortise-and-tenon (M–T) joint is a traditional joint type commonly used in wood constructions and wood products. Bending moment capacity (BMC) is a critical criterion to evaluate the strength of the M–T joint. In order to design the M–T joint structure more rationally, many researchers have been devoted to studying on this topic. However, the factors influencing the BMC are too many to conduct comprehensive studies using experimental tests, especially for tenon size. In this study, the BMC and bending stiffness of the M–T joint were studied using a combination of finite element method (FEM) and response surface method to optimize the tenon size of the M–T joint. The results showed that (1) the proposed finite element model was capable of predicting BMC of M–T joints with the ratios of FEM to observed, ranging from 0.852 to 1.072; (2) the BMC and stiffness were significantly affected by tenon size, and tenon length had a more significant effect on BMC than tenon width, while the tenon width affected the bending stiffness more significantly; (3) the response surface model proposed to predict and optimize the BMC of the M–T joint relating to tenon length and tenon width was capable of providing an optimal solution; (4) it was recommended to make the ratio of tenon length to tenon width higher than 1 to get higher BMC of M–T joints. In conclusion, this study will contribute to reducing the cost of a huge amount of experimental tests by applying FEM and the response surface method to design M–T joint wood products.

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12

Gilchrist, M. D., and R. A. Smith. "Static Strength and Fatigue Performance of Aluminium-Adhesive T-Peel Joints." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 208, no. 1 (January 1994): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1994_208_250_02.

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Numerical predictions of the tensile stresses within adhesively-bonded aluminium T-peel joints have established where critical fatigue defects are likely to initiate and propagate to fracture. These predictions of maximum stress correlate directly with static strength measurements of such joints. The results presented within this article elucidate the region of cohesive crack initiation, its subsequent direction of propagation and the relative duration of the different stages of fatigue crack growth. Separate stages of embedded, surface and through-width fatigue growth of cohesive defects with a T-peel joint are identified and compared. In this manner the fatigue life of typical bonded aluminium-epoxy T-peel joints has been established from the first stages of crack initiation to final joint fracture. It has been shown that joint static and fatigue strengths are maximized by having a maximum amount of adhesive within the fillet region of the joint.

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13

Nor Bakyah, Abu, Mohd Afendi, Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid, Abdul Rahman Abdullah, and Abu Bakar Shahriman. "Stress Analysis of Adhesive Bonding of Urea Granulator Fluidization Bed." Applied Mechanics and Materials 554 (June 2014): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.554.160.

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Stress analysis of adhesive bonding of urea granulator fluidization bed was performed by using finite element method. The main objective of this project is to develop an alternative joining technique for urea granulator fluidizationbed by using adhesive bonding. The problem can solve by using commercial finite element package ANSYS version 13.0. T-joint and double T-joint are the main adhesive joints which will be focused in this project. The stresses on stainless steel plate can reduce by increasing the thickness of adhesive as demonstrated in numerical analysis results. Different thickness of adhesive will give different value of maximum von Mises stress. It shows that greater thickness resulted in higher maximum. This analysis proves that increasing the adhesive thickness will reduces the joint strength because stress was concentrated more on the adhesive interfaces. The adhesive bonding on T-joint is stronger than other design of joint because it need lower stress. It followed by first design of double T-joint and second design of double T-joint.

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14

Śliwa-Wieczorek, Klaudia, and Bogusław Zając. "Rigid and Flexible Double Shear Lap Adhesive Joint at Elevated Temperature—An Experimental Study." Polymers 13, no. 17 (August 27, 2021): 2873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13172873.

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Double lap adhesive connections made of Sika® PS and Monolith EP2579-1 were studied experimentally in shear tests. The destructive shear tests were conducted under a quasi-static load at 20 °C and 80 °C. The aim was to study the impact of elevated temperature on the load capacity of the joint and make a comparative analysis of the results for two types of adhesives: polyurethane Sika® PS (flexible) and epoxy Monolit EP 2579-1 (rigid). The impact of adhesive layer thickness (t = 1, 2 and 4 mm) on the structural response of the joint was tested in two temperature ranges. A distinct impact of the temperature on the joint deformability was noticed. A visual assessment of the joint failure was performed and the initiation and form of failure was described. At 20 °C, the ultimate loading for epoxy adhesive joint depending on the joint thickness (t) was greater than for the polyurethane joint by, respectively, 282% for t = 1 mm, 88% for t = 2 mm and 279% for t = 4 mm. It was proved that the temperature increases to 80 °C in case of both adhesives reduces the mean destructive force in comparison with the measurements made at 20 °C. For the Sika® PS (PUR two-component polyurethane) adhesive, the greatest load capacity decrease was measured for the joint of thickness t = 2 mm (55%), and in case of the epoxy adhesive for the joint of thickness t = 4 mm (89%). It was found that after reaching the destructive force the flexible joints retain a partial load capacity contrary to the rigid joints.

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15

Yang, Dong Ping, Yong Bo Shao, Feng Le Long, Geng Qi Niu, Lu Zhang, and Jing Bo Zhi. "Static Strength of RHS T-Joints with Reinforced Chord under In-Plane Bending Load." Applied Mechanics and Materials 488-489 (January 2014): 790–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.488-489.790.

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Welded tubular structures are widely used in many constructions, such as offshore platforms, which are all consisted of welded tubular members. There is a stress concentration at the intersection between chord and brace. When subjected to loads, a crack exists in the weld toe at the intersection. Then the propagation of the crack leads to failure of the joint. So the static strength of rectangular hollow section (RHS) T-joints with local chord reinforcement under in-plane bending load is investigated by using finite element method. To study the effect of the chord reinforcement of a RHS T-joint, overall 18 T-joint models with different chord reinforcements have been analyzed numerically. This paper presents the results of a detailed parametric study of the static strength of in-plane bending loaded tubular T-joints with reinforced chord. The study, carried out using non-linear finite elements, demonstrated the accuracy of the finite element analysis to investigate the effects of different geometric parameters which influence the static strength of the stiffened joints. It is found that the effect of the chord thickness near the intersection is significant in improving the ultimate capacity of T-joint models. The ultimate strength enhances as the length of the chord reinforcement becomes longer and the chord wall thickness becomes larger. The effect of the chord wall thickness on the static strength of T-joints are remarkable. However, increasing the length of the reinforced chord to improve the static strength of Tubular T-joint is relatively ineffective.

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16

Xia, Junwu, Xiaoming Wang, and Binbin Zhang. "Experimental Study on Compressive Performance of CHS T-Joints Filled with High-Water Rapid-Setting Materials." Advances in Engineering Technology Research 1, no. 1 (May 17, 2022): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.1.1.179.

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In order to study the compressive performance of the CHS joints filled with high-water rapid-setting materials, the comparative test of the branch axial compression of three T-joint specimens of circular hollow steel (CHS) pipes, chord filled with concrete and chord filled with high-water rapid-setting materials were carried out. Differences in the failure mode, stress-strain distribution, ultimate bearing capacity and initial stiffness of the three joints were comprehensively compared. The test results show that the filling of the chord with different materials leads to different failure modes. Filling concrete can significantly improve the bearing capacity of the joint, but it will reduce the ductility of the joint; the failure mode of the filled with high-water rapid-setting materials is similar to that of the CHS T-joint. The joint show good ductility during the stress process, and at the same time, the ultimate bearing capacity is appropriately increased compared with the CHS T-joint.

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17

Hu, Ping, Qi Shao, Qian Nie, and Wei Dong Li. "Investigation on the Load Capacity and Failure Process of T-Joint by Experiments and Numerical Method." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 1317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.1317.

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Adhesive bonded T-joint is commonly applied in the manufacture of automotive structures. The objective of this work is the analysis of the load capacity of the adhesive-bonded T-joints under tension load and the influence causing by some parameters of adherend on the damage of T-joint. Thus, a series of tests were carried out and the balanced joint and the imbalanced joint concepts were proposed to illustrate the influence. And the results show that the imbalanced joints suffered greater stress concentration than the balanced one. Furthermore, by increasing the stiffness of adherends , one can increase the load capacity of a balanced joint. Meanwhile, in order to simulate the damage and failure processes in this type of joint, the cohesive zone model (CZM) based analysis was carried out using finite element method in ABAQUS. One can observed that only the upper end of adhesive layer transmits the load in the beginning.

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18

Wei, Angang, Baohua Chang, Fanyue Meng, Dong Du, and Zandong Han. "Research on the Weld Position Detection for the T-Joints in Web-Core Sandwich Panels Based on Eddy Current Technology." Sensors 20, no. 9 (May 8, 2020): 2691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092691.

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Web-core sandwich panels have gained the popularity in various fields, especially aviation and shipbuilding, etc. Penetration welding was considered as an effective process to manufacture such a structure through a T-joint. To ensure the formation quality and mechanical properties of weld, the welding torch needs to be aligned with the T-joint position. However, it is difficult to locate the T-joint position (i.e., the position of core panel) because of the shielding of the face panels. This paper investigated the detection of T-joint position from the face panel side in web-core sandwich panels based on eddy current technology. First, we designed an experimental system for the weld position detection of T-joints from the face panel side. The relationships are investigated between the characteristics of the eddy current detection signal and the primary parameters of the detection system (including excitation frequency, coil outer diameter, and lift off distance) and the T-joint (including thickness of the core panel, gap distance, and thickness of the cover panel). Corresponding experiments were carried out with variable primary parameters, and the influence mechanism of the primary parameters on the detection results in terms of sensitivity and dynamic performance was elaborated to set up the theoretical basis for the detection. Finally, weld position detection experiments were carried out on TC4 titanium alloy T-joint specimens with 3 mm-thick face panel and 5 mm-thick core panel. Results showed that the maximum detection error was 0.482 mm, and the average error was 0.234 mm. This paper provided a possible technical solution to the automatic tracking problem for the welding of T-joints in the web-core sandwich panels.

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19

Xiang, Ping, ZH Deng, YS Su, HP Wang, and YF Wan. "Experimental investigation on joints between steel-reinforced concrete T-shaped column and reinforced concrete beam under bidirectional low-cyclic reversed loading." Advances in Structural Engineering 20, no. 3 (July 29, 2016): 446–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433216653841.

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Steel-reinforced concrete T-shaped column-beam structure system has superiorities of both steel-reinforced structure and special-shaped column structure. This research focuses on steel-reinforced concrete T-shaped column-beam joint design and experimentally investigates seismic behaviors of the proposed joints. Pseudo-static tests are carried out on three steel-reinforced concrete T-shaped column-reinforced concrete beam joints and one reinforced concrete T-shaped column-reinforced concrete beam joint. The experiments were conducted under bidirectional low-cyclic reversed loading to simulate realistic loading conditions under earthquake. Hysteresis loops of all the specimens, including load–deflection, moment–rotation, and load–shear deformation loops, are plotted for the evaluation of seismic reaction. The working index, ductility coefficient, and equivalent viscous-damping coefficient are calculated for comparisons. Meanwhile, the ductility, capacity of energy dissipation, stiffness degradation, and the function of steel reinforcement in resisting shear force in the joint core area are intensively studied. Based on experimental results, this research analyzes shear-resistant capacity and the inner force transmission in these joints. It is found that the steel-reinforced concrete T-shaped column-reinforced concrete beam joint performs well under seismic conditions; moreover, shear-resistant capacity, ductility, and reliability are satisfactory. Conclusions derived from this research are useful for engineering practice.

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Liu, Gui Rong, Yu Xin Wang, and Shun Bo Zhao. "Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Frame Exterior Joints with T-Section Columns." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 505–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.505.

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Nonlinear three-dimensional finite element method was used to analyze the crack pattern and stress distribution of reinforced concrete frame exterior joints with T-section columns. On the basis of the smear-crack approach, the cracking of reinforced concrete joint was predicted. And the capability of finite element model was demonstrated by comparing the predictions with test results. Further analysis was carried out to study the effect of axial load ratio and limb length on stresses of the joints. It is seen that the stresses of joint were influenced by these two factors, which should be considered in the design of reinforced concrete joint with T-section column.

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21

Seo, Jungil, and Amit H. Varma. "Steel-Plate Composite Wall-to-Wall T-Joints: Joint Shear Strength." Journal of Structural Engineering 145, no. 7 (July 2019): 04019054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0002317.

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Aziz Hussein, Sadiq, Shaymaa Abdul Khader Al-Jumaili, and Raed A. Mahmood. "Temperature distribution of T- joint friction stir welding." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4 (September 17, 2018): 2332. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.10771.

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Friction stir welding is a reliable welding method; it can be employed to join different structural configurations. Joint types such as lap, butt and T have been successfully produced by this welding method. In this study, a trial has been made to numerically simulate the heat generation and temperature distribution during the welding process of a T-joint. The workpieces materials were hardened 5052 and tempered 7075 Al Alloys, each material was investigated separately. Different rotational and welding speeds were used, besides, the pin length was also varied to accommodate the investigation of the top plate thickness effect. A visco-plastic finite element model was adopted to investigate the effect of parameters ranges on the temperature distribution. The results showed that the temperature distribution of T-joint depends mainly on the material to be welded and rotational speed. Besides, increasing the pin length from 7 to 10 mm could significantly increase the resulted temperature by approximately 14%. Therefore, the thickness of the upper plates of the T-joint plays a significant role on the resulted process temperature.

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Guo, Ming En, Zu Li Sun, and Zhi Ning Yu. "Structure and Technics Research on Composite Ship T-Joint." Advanced Materials Research 569 (September 2012): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.569.107.

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T-joints between fiber reinforced composite material components are widely used in ship building. They are the weak positions in ship structure on mechanical properties aspect. Through experiments, the effects of structure size and technics on joint deformation and destructive strength were researched. Destructive strength first increases with the increase of T-joint fillet radius dimensions, then declines when radius dimensions over R50mm. Compared with control group, composite material components with surface sandblasting process has got superior performance, with destructive load improved by 2.1 times and displacement 1.16 times. With the increase of pressure and injection time of sandblasting process, the destructive strength of joints increases. While destructive strength increases slowly when pressure achieved 0.6 MPa and injection time achieved 100s.

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Kim, Soo-Young, and Ki-Woo Nam. "Failure Behavior of T-joint Pipe with Outer Local Wall Thinning under Internal Pressure." Journal of the Korea Society For Power System Engineering 18, no. 5 (October 31, 2014): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.9726/kspse.2014.18.5.080.

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Melek, Peter Gerges, Mohamed Hussein, and Sameh Gaawan. "Confining T-joints by adding two outer hollow ring flanges welded to additional hollow circular pipe." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 44, no. 10 (October 2017): 783–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2017-0065.

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Increasing the capacity of circular hollow section (CHS) T-joints is a challenge for the designers due to its closed nature that makes strengthening difficult as the traditional strengthening techniques focus on adding ring stiffeners inside the chord, these techniques require splitting the chord at each joint location into more than one part and this is not applicable for stiffening prefabricated and erected T-joints. This paper presents a proposed strengthening technique that is based on confining the T-joint by two outer hollow ring flanges welded to additional hollow circular pipe. A parametric study is carried out to investigate the effect of the hollow ring flanges diameter, the added elements thickness, and the spacing between the hollow outer ring flanges on increasing the capacity of T-joints for different values of β (db/d0: brace diameter-to-chord diameter ratio) when the brace is either subjected to tension or compression force. Finally, it is observed that the compressive T-joints gain up to 267% of its original capacity and the tensile T-joints gain up to 65% of its original capacity.

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Kamal, Shoaib, V. Parthiban, G. Puthilibai, M. Thirumal Azhagan, Neel Kamal, T. S. Senthil, and Simon Yishak. "Investigation on Tensile Behaviour of Different Weld Joints through Taguchi Approach." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (May 10, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5258014.

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Friction stir welding is a dependable method of joining metals and other materials. Relatively joint configuration-specific welding process parameters have not yet been tuned. This work is concerned with the Taguchi orthogonal arrays to perform an analysis of variance. In this study, FSW joint configurations of AA6262-T6 Al alloy, such as butt, lap, and T joints, were studied for optimization. An orthogonal array of welds was selected using the Taguchi method. After the welds were constructed, the ultimate tensile strength of each joint was examined for statistical optimization. The lack of parameter optimization studies for butt, lap, and T joints prompted this research to fill the void. As a result, each joint arrangement must be optimised for mechanical properties and a set of parameters must be developed.

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Deng, Shuwen, Xudong Shao, Banfu Yan, Yan Wang, and Huihui Li. "On Flexural Performance of Girder-To-Girder Wet Joint for Lightweight Steel-UHPC Composite Bridge." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 16, 2020): 1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041335.

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Joints are always the focus of the precast structure for accelerated bridge construction. In this paper, a girder-to-girder joint suitable for steel-ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) lightweight composite bridge (LWCB) is proposed. Two flexural tests were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed T-shaped girder-to-girder joint. The test results indicated that: (1) The T-shaped joint has a better cracking resistance than the traditional I-shaped joint; (2) The weak interfaces of the T-shaped joint are set in the areas with relatively lower negative bending moment, and thus the cracking risk could be decreased drastically; (3) The natural curing scheme for the joint is feasible, and the reinforcement has a very large inhibitory effect on the UHPC material shrinkage; The joint interface is the weak region of the LWCB, which requires careful consideration in future designs. Based on the experimental test results, the design and calculation methods for the deflection, crack width, and ultimate flexural capacity in the negative moment region of LWCB were presented.

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Pan, Minghui, Yuchao Li, Siyuan Sun, Wenhe Liao, Yan Xing, and Wencheng Tang. "A Study on Welding Characteristics, Mechanical Properties, and Penetration Depth of T-Joint Thin-Walled Parts for Different TIG Welding Currents: FE Simulation and Experimental Analysis." Metals 12, no. 7 (July 7, 2022): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12071157.

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Considering the effect of heat input of tungsten inert gas (TIG) arc welding for T-joint welding of thin-walled parts of aluminum alloy 6061-T6, here, the welding characteristics are analyzed via the finite element method. The experiments are carried out using scanning electron microscope (SEM), optical microscope (OM), and tensile test of specimens to investigate the microstructure variation of the weld zone (WZ), heat-affected zone (HAZ), and base metal (BM), and the mechanical properties of the T-welded joint. The mechanical properties of the T-welded joint are explored and assessed combined with the tensile test in terms of yield strength, tensile strength, and Vickers hardness. Furthermore, the effects of different welding currents on welding penetration variation under welding deformation are thoroughly investigated, and the appearance of porosity and incomplete fusion defects of T-welded joints are clearly illustrated. The results show that the yield and tensile strength of T-welded joints, respectively, account for less than 37% and 74% of the base metal (BM) strength. Moreover, the welding penetration depth and microstructure of T-welded joints are deeply affected by the welding current. The maximum penetration depth is achieved at about 2.18 mm under the maximum welding current, and partial welding defects emerged, affecting and reducing the mechanical properties of the welded joint. It is expected that these results will provide an analysis foundation for optimization of the welding process, suppression of welding defects, and promotion of mechanical properties for thin-walled parts in the future.

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Garifullin, Marsel, Sami Pajunen, Kristo Mela, and Markku Heinisuo. "Initial rotational stiffness of tubular joints with axial force in chord." Rakenteiden Mekaniikka 50, no. 3 (August 22, 2017): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23998/rm.64857.

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In the frame analysis, the local model of the joint must follow the behavior of the joint. When completing the elastic global analysis, the initial rotational stiffness of joints should be known to obtain reliable moment distributions in frames. This paper consists of two parts. The first one evaluates the existing calculation approach for the initial rotational stiffness of welded rectangular hollow section T joints. The validation with the experimental data shows that the current approach significantly underestimates the initial rotational stiffness. An improvement for determining the initial stiffness of T joints is proposed. The second part deals with the influence of the axial force in the main member on the rotational stiffness of the joint. The conducted numerical study shows the extreme reduction of the initial stiffness, when the main member is loaded by axial loads. To consider this effect in the frame analysis, the paper proposes a chord stress function for the initial rotational stiffness for square hollow section T joints, using the curve fitting technique.

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Jorge Sierra del Rio, David Hernández, Edwin Correa Quintana, Arley Cardona Vargas, Carlos E. Arrieta, and Danilo Valencia. "Reinforcement T-Joint Design and Structural Validation for a Hydroelectric Power Plant: Study Case." CFD Letters 14, no. 10 (October 28, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.14.10.115.

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Branch pipe T-joints are used to connect and bifurcate hydraulic channels in big hydraulic power plants size. These components are submitted to enormous strengths that must be counteracted by integrated structures to the T-joint, for this case specified arrangement type "Nun neck". The main objective in this work is about validate structurally by numerical analysis the branch pipe T-joint design with reinforcement type “Nun Neck” to the operational established conditions in hydraulic channel design. The structural T-joint design was made following AISI Buried steel Penstocks and ASME section VIII Div. 1 standards. The simulation process was made by Multiphysics Simulation Software, Ansys Workbench V 17. The branch pipe T-joint CAD model is set as 1700 mm in diameter to flow and 1200mm to derivation. The computational simulation process was executed using the mechanical structure module in ANSYS Workbench V17.0 commercial version. The boundary conditions settings were established based on internal operational pressure given as 353.14 mWC and fixed restrictions in the areas of contact with the pipe. Equivalent Von Mises stress contours were determined looking to validate the stress state in branch T-joint, findings demonstrate that the proposed design has structural failures that must had been reinforced by civil works.

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Song, Sheng Zhi, Jian Jun Wei, and Wu Sun. "Analysis of Static Strength for Tubular Joint Reinforced with Collar Casing Pipe." Applied Mechanics and Materials 578-579 (July 2014): 627–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.578-579.627.

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To improve the static strength of tubular T-joint, the method of reinforcing with collar casing pipe is proposed. The finite element analysis (FEA) models of reinforced and unreinforced tubular joints built by FEA software (ABAQUS) are calculated to investigate the improving efficiency under axial compression and tension. It is found that collar casing pipe can improve the static strength of tubular joint effectively. Afterwards, based on the mechanism analysis of tubular T-joint models, the failure modes and different performances between reinforced and unreinforced models are clarified.

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Wang, Zhen Qing, Song Zhou, Jian Sheng Zhou, and Xiao Yu Sun. "Properties Analysis of Bolted Composite T-Joint." Key Engineering Materials 467-469 (February 2011): 575–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.467-469.575.

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Composite materials not only have good mechanical performances but also have excellent durability and ability to be formed into complex shape. So advanced composite materials are used extensively in ship industry. In the composite ship structure the T-joint is one of the common joint in practice. As the main load-bearing structure of ship, the mechanical and reliability designs of T-joint are the important aspects of the ship structure design. The traditional composite T-joint is bonded joint, and adhesive strength has obvious influence on the properties of T-joint. To improve the properties of composite T-joint, in this paper the bolted composite T-joint is chosen for studying. Finite element method is used to investigate the properties of bolted T-joint. The influences of bolt-clamping load and friction coefficient on the stress distribution of bolt-hole edge are investigated. Some conclusions can be used as references for the design of bolted composite T-joint.

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Izzawati, Basirom, M. Afendi, S. Nurhashima, A. Nor, A. R. Abdullah, R. Daud, and M. S. Abdul Majid. "Strength of Adhesive T-Joint in Granulator Fluidization Bed at Elevated Temperature." Materials Science Forum 819 (June 2015): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.819.443.

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This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on mechanical characterization of adhesive T-joint in granulator fluidization bed at elevated temperature. This research aims to explore the suitability of adhesive bonding between stainless steel plate and perforated plate to replace plug weld in granulator fluidization bed. For this purpose, T-joint and bulk specimens were prepared for tensile loading tests, at different temperature. Measurement of the temperature-dependent of the tensile strength was conducted using thermostatic chamber attached to a universal testing machine for a range from room temperature to 100°C. The strength of adhesive T-joint decreases for temperatures over than 35°C. This is because at high temperature, the failure is determined by the changes of mechanical properties of adhesive. The results have shown that the strength of adhesive T-joint was affected by both temperature and bondline thickness. The objective of the present study was to examine a series of adhesively-bonded T-joints in tension at elevated temperatures between room temperature and 100°C having various bond thicknesses.

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Li, Min, Zhuguo Li, Yong Zhao, Hao Li, Yuhua Wang, and Jian Huang. "Influence of Welding Parameters on Weld Formation and Microstructure of Dual-Laser Beams Welded T-Joint of Aluminum Alloy." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/767260.

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This paper focused on the welding 1.8 mm thick 6061 aluminum alloy plates in T-joint form using dual lasers that introduced by a Nd: YAG laser and a CO2laser with 4043 aluminum filler wire. The effects of welding parameters on the T-joint weld appearance, microstructure and the joint mechanical properties were studied systematically, The influence of welding parameters included the distance between two laser beams, welding speed, laser power and the laser beam offset toward the stringer. The weld appearance, microstructure, hardness of the joint were evaluated by optical microscope and micro-hardness test. A monotonic quasi-static tensile test was conducted by a self-made clamping device to obtain the tensile property of welded joints. At the optimized parameters, the welded T-joint showed good weld appearance without macro defects; the micro hardness of welds ranged from 75 to 85 HV0.3, and the tensile strength was about 254 MPa with the fracture at the heat affected zone on the stringer side.

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35

Kimapong, Kittipong, and Surat Triwanapong. "Microstructure and Bending Strength of Dissimilar SS400/SUS304 Steels T-Fillet Joint by Gas Metal Arc Welding." Key Engineering Materials 773 (July 2018): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.773.189.

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In this paper, experiments on welding a dissimilar SS400/SUS304 steel T-fillet joint using high chromium electrode, and an effect of welding current on joint properties were studied. T-joints wielded by the designed specific welding currents were mechanically prepared and systematically investigated for joint properties. The experimental results were summarized as follows. Dissimilar SS400/SUS304 steels T-fillet joint could be successfully welded using a gas metal arc welding process with no defect in a weld metal. The optimized welding current in this experiment was 160 A that showed the least crack length of 0.247 mm. from a bending test. A different chemical composition of low carbon steel and high chromium weld metal produced a small interface shown with a smaller mixed zone of reinforced elements and base metal. It was also affected to decrease in the joint strength. However, the increase in the welding current could increase a combination of reinforced elements and a base metal on the interface, and it showed an effect to increase in the joint strength.

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João, Gustavo Allegretti, Daniel Rodriguez, Roberta Luksevicius Rica, Nelson Cavas Júnior, Danilo Sales Bocalini, and Aylton Figueira Júnior. "DOES THE NUMBER OF JOINTS INVOLVED IN EXERCISE PROMOTE CHANGES IN ENERGY EXPENDITURE?" Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 26, no. 5 (October 2020): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220202605215828.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: The benefits of strength training (ST) include not only strength improvement but also favorable body composition changes, which has led to a considerable increase in the indication of this training method in overweight and obese individuals, and has made the investigation of outcomes attributed to different manipulations of ST variables an important task. However, acute metabolic responses related to energy expenditure (EE) associated with the manipulation of exercises which, in turn, are associated with the number of joints involved in movement, are still inconclusive. Objective: To verify the influence of the number of joints involved in movement on EE with equalized volume in ST at different intensities. Methods: This training program was held on alternate days, with a 48-hour interval between each session, and with two randomized protocols, as follows: multi joint protocol with four common exercises for ST participants compared to the single joint protocol with four exercises. Each protocol was evaluated at three training intensities (90%, 75% and 60% of 1-RM) according to the one-repetition maximum test. Results: Significant increases in EE were observed in the multi joint session as compared to the single joint session: 90% 1-RM multi joint 246.80 ± 26.17 kcal vs single joint 227.40 ± 24.54 kcal (∆ -7.86, 95% CI 7.33; 31.46; t 3.44; p <0.05); 75% 1-RM multi joint 124.13 ± 25.40 kcal vs single joint 111.80 ± 22.78 kcal (∆ -9.93, 95% CI 3.25; 21.41; t 2.91; p <0.05); 60% 1-RM multi joint 70.80 ± 6.28 kcal vs single joint 64.40 ± 6.72 kcal (∆-9.04, 95% CI 3.95; 8.84; t 5.60; p <0.05). Conclusion: Multi joint exercises may be a variable to consider when EE balance is the main target of the ST program. However, further studies are needed to supplement our findings. Level of evidence II; Diagnostic studies-Investigating a diagnostic test.

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Handa, Tsunehisa, Kimihiro Nishimura, Hiroshi Shiomi, and Seishi Tsuyama. "Brittle Crack Propagation/Arrest Behavior in T-Joint Structure of Heavy Gauge Steel Plates." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 914–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.914.

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Brittle crack arrestability is extremely important in welded joints of heavy gauge steel plates used in large container ships. Recently, much attention has been focused on potential crack propagation along welds using large heat input. This paper examines the application of a T-joint to the strength deck structure of container ships to enhance crack arrestability. The crack arrest toughness, Kca, for crack arrest was varied. The ESSO test of T-joint components showed that brittle crack was arrested at the T-joint if the steel plate used for the flange had a high Kca value in the range from 4900 to 7300N/mm3/2. FE-analysis of the stress intensity factor K indicated that brittle crack propagation was arrested under the condition that the K-value at the running crack tip was less than the Kca of the material. In the T-joint, it was noted that the K-value around the area of the deepest point of the crack decreased and was finally less than the Kca of the flange plate when the brittle crack penetrated suddenly into the flange plate to a 10mm depth. This phenomenon shows the advantage of using a T-joint for brittle crack arrest in the flange plates of strength deck structures.

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38

Asgarian, Behrouz, Vahid Mokarram, and Pejman Alanjari. "Local joint flexibility equations for Y-T and K-type tubular joints." Ocean Systems Engineering 4, no. 2 (June 25, 2014): 151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/ose.2014.4.2.151.

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Kim, Dong-Geon, Eun-Su Go, In-Gul Kim, Kyung-Sik Woo, and Jong-Heon Kim. "Failure Pressure Prediction of Composite T-Joint for Hydrodynamic Ram Test." Composites Research 29, no. 2 (April 30, 2016): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7234/composres.2016.29.2.053.

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40

Li, H. C. H., I. Herszberg, A. P. Mouritz, and F. Dharmawan. "Fracture modelling of composite marine T-Joint." ANZIAM Journal 48 (June 26, 2007): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.21914/anziamj.v47i0.1070.

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41

Erofeev, V. V., Irina Troyanovskaya, A. G. Ignatiev, Robert Sharafiev, and Rustem Gilmanshin. "Welding Mode Justification for a T-Joint." Key Engineering Materials 910 (February 15, 2022): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-c1t0j3.

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The paper proposes a method for calculating the mode of single-pass arc welding depending on the geometric parameters of the T-fillet weld. The authors reveal the dependence of the residual welding stress level on the welding mode, taking into account the stress concentration due to uneven heating and transverse weld shrinkage. Resulting from the comparison of three modes of single-pass arc welding (manual, mechanized, and automatic), the optimal modes that ensure the maximum lifetime of welded structures are determined.

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42

Hjørting-Hansen, E. "Conservative Approach To The T-M Joint." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 16, no. 6 (December 1987): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0901-5027(87)80070-x.

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43

Tsokos, George C. "Fat T cells go to the joint." Nature Immunology 18, no. 9 (August 22, 2017): 955–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ni.3810.

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44

Kesavan, A., M. Deivasigamani, S. John, and I. Herszberg. "Damage detection in T-joint composite structures." Composite Structures 75, no. 1-4 (September 2006): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2006.04.047.

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45

YAMADA, HISAKATA, YASUHARU NAKASHIMA, KEN OKAZAKI, TARO MAWATARI, JUN-ICHI FUKUSHI, AKIKO OYAMADA, KENJIRO FUJIMURA, YUKIHIDE IWAMOTO, and YASUNOBU YOSHIKAI. "Preferential Accumulation of Activated Th1 Cells Not Only in Rheumatoid Arthritis But Also in Osteoarthritis Joints." Journal of Rheumatology 38, no. 8 (May 1, 2011): 1569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.101355.

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Objective.It was previously found that Th1 but not Th17 cells were predominant in the joints of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To verify whether this is a unique feature of CD4 T cells in RA joints, we performed comparative flow cytometric analysis of CD4 T cells in RA and osteoarthritis (OA) joints.Methods.Mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral blood (PB), synovial membrane (SM), and synovial fluid (SF) from a total of 18 RA and 12 OA patients. The expression of surface molecules and cytokine production of CD4 T cells was examined by a flow cytometer.Results.Most CD4 T cells in RA joints expressed memory/activation markers, such as CD45RO, HLA-DR, and CD69. CCR5 was highly expressed on CD4 T cells in SF but not in PB or SM. With regard to Th17-related molecules, CD4 T cells expressing CCR6 were not enriched in either SF or SM. In contrast, CD161-positive cells were abundant in the joint, many of which, however, produced interferon-γ but not interleukin 17A. Virtually all T cells in OA joints, although much less numerous than in RA joints, expressed activation markers. Th1 cells were predominant in both OA and RA joints, while there were a few Th17 cells. The frequency of Th17 cells in the joint tended to be lower in OA than RA.Conclusion.There was a quantitative but not qualitative difference in CD4 T cells, including the expression of activation markers and cytokine profiles, between RA and OA joints.

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46

Pearson, Ian. "Optimising the Design of Adhesively Bonded Joints." Key Engineering Materials 410-411 (March 2009): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.410-411.127.

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The effect of varying certain geometric and material property parameter on the stiffness of bonded joints has been investigated for both single overlap joints and for coach (T peel) joints. An understanding of bonded joint behaviour under load has been gained from this parametric study and this insight has been used to fashion some design guidelines aimed at optimising these parameters to increase joint stiffness. To develop these design guidelines, laboratory tensile testing of single overlap joints and coach joints, manufactured from steel and aluminium and bonded with either an epoxide or a methacrylate adhesive, was utilised to establish joint stiffness. For single overlap joints, joint stiffness was found to be sensitive to changes in adherend thickness, adherend’s Young’s modulus, bondline thickness and overlap length but indifferent to changes in adhesive material properties, unsupported length and joint width. Coach joints, stiffness was found to be sensitive to changes in adherend material, adherend thickness, fill ratio and outer radius and adhesive material. It must be recognised that the Design of Experiments technique, used to analyse the coach joint samples may have masked some of the effects caused by changes to joint parameters.

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47

Li, Xiaoqin, Jie Ding, Tian Zhang, Wenlu Wen, and Changfan Wei. "Numerical analysis on seismic behavior of beam-column joint with different cement-based materials." Advances in Structural Engineering 25, no. 4 (January 22, 2022): 772–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13694332211049989.

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Under cyclic loading conditions, the ductility of frame beam-column joints, which can be evaluated by the displacement ductility coefficient ( μ), is strongly affected by the axial load ratio ( n). Due to the high toughness of engineering cementitious composites (ECCs), the normal concrete can be replaced giving better joint ductility. However, the limit values of n for reinforced ECC (R-ECC) joints have not been clarified. Therefore, T- and cross-shaped reinforced concrete (RC) and R-ECC joint finite element models were established and analyzed under n values. The results indicated that the seismic performance of the joints, including μ, equivalent damping coefficient ( ξ eq), and secant stiffness ( K i) were strongly dependent on n. μ and ξ eq became inversely proportional to n when n was over 0.5. The RC and R-ECC joint ductile failure could occur when n was in the range of 0.3–0.7 and 0.3–0.9, respectively. The joint brittle failure occurred in RC and R-ECC joints when n was over 0.7 and 0.9, separately. Under the same n and load history, the maximum value of μ of R-ECC joints increased by 33.7% and 27.9% for T- and cross-shaped joints separately compared to that of RC joints. It is suggested that the n values for RC and R-ECC joints should not exceed 0.7 and 0.9, respectively.

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Riegger, Jana, Frank Leucht, Hans-Georg Palm, Anita Ignatius, and Rolf E. Brenner. "Initial Harm Reduction by N-Acetylcysteine Alleviates Cartilage Degeneration after Blunt Single-Impact Cartilage Trauma in Vivo." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 12 (June 14, 2019): 2916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20122916.

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Joint injuries are highly associated with the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Previous studies revealed cell- and matrix-protective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) after ex vivo cartilage trauma, while chondroanabolic stimulation with bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) enhanced type II collagen (COL2) expression. Here, as a next step, we investigated the combined and individual efficacy of intra-articular antioxidative and chondroanabolic treatment in a rabbit in vivo cartilage trauma model. Animals were randomly divided into group A (right joint: trauma (T); left joint: T+BMP7) and group B (right joint: T+NAC; left joint: T+BMP7+NAC). Condyles were impacted with the use of a spring-loaded impact device to ensure defined, single trauma administration. After 12 weeks, histopathological analysis was performed and the presence of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) and COL2 was assessed. Trauma-induced hypocellularity, MMP-13 expression, and cell cluster formation were reduced in NAC-treated animals. In contrast, BMP7 further increased cluster formation. Moreover, synovial concentrations of COL2 carboxy propeptide (CPII) and proteoglycan staining intensities were enhanced in NAC- and NAC+BMP7-treated joints. For the first time, the efficacy of NAC regarding early harm reduction after blunt cartilage trauma was demonstrated in vivo. However, parallel administration of BMP7 was not significantly superior compared to NAC alone.

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Doherty, Edward H., Marta Piecychna, Lin Leng, and Richard Bucala. "Adoptive transfer of a novel MIF receptor (CD74+) expressing memory T cell subpopulation is sufficient to transfer inflammatory arthritis." Journal of Immunology 198, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2017): 156.3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.156.3.

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Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by relapsing disease and progressive autoimmune joint destruction. The mechanism(s) for disease recurrence in previously affected joints is unknown. High expression alleles of the cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) are associated with severe erosive RA. We report a novel subpopulation of T cells expressing the MIF receptor CD74, which previously has not been considered to be present in T lineage cells. CD74+ T cells comprise 1% of lymph node T cell and exhibit an effector memory phenotype (CD3+ CD74+ CD44+, CD62Llow). Notably, whole genome expression profiling (RNAseq) of CD74+ T cells revealed reduced expression of the immune checkpoint Ctla4 (3.5-fold, p=0.009), and increased expression of Stat4 and Ptpn22 (1.4-fold, p=0.001 and 0.86-fold, p=0.045), three genes that regulate T cell activation and also are linked genetically to RA pathogenesis. In the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model of RA, we observed a 2-fold (p=0.023) expansion of CD74+ T cells after disease induction when compared to Mif−/− mice, which show no expansion of CD74+ T cells and reduced disease severity (disease score: WT: 7.8; Mif −/−: 1.4, p>0.001). Notably, adoptive transfer of CD74+ T cells from mice with established CIA into naive mice recapitulated joint inflammation (disease score: 4.3, p=0.001). Disease was not detectable in naïve mice that received CD74-T cells from CIA hosts. This study identifies a novel population of effector memory T cells that are capable of transferring autoimmune joint inflammation. We hypothesize that MIF responsive CD74+ effector memory T cells mediate recurrent joint inflammation and may be amenable to specific targeting by emerging MIF-directed therapies.

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SON, YOUNGHWAN. "Joint ergodicity of actions of an abelian group." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 34, no. 4 (March 8, 2013): 1353–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/etds.2012.190.

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AbstractLet $G$ be a countable abelian group and let ${T}^{(1)} , {T}^{(2)} , \ldots , {T}^{(s)} $ be measure preserving $G$-actions on a probability space. We prove that joint ergodicity of ${T}^{(1)} , {T}^{(2)} , \ldots , {T}^{(s)} $ implies total joint ergodicity if each ${T}^{(i)} $ is totally ergodic. We also show that if $G= { \mathbb{Z} }^{d} $, $s\geq d+ 1$ and the actions ${T}^{(1)} , {T}^{(2)} , \ldots , {T}^{(s)} $ commute, then total joint ergodicity of ${T}^{(1)} , {T}^{(2)} , \ldots , {T}^{(s)} $ follows from joint ergodicity. This can be seen as a generalization of Berend’s result for commuting $ \mathbb{Z} $-actions.

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Journal articles on the topic 'T-Joint'

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