Journal articles: 'Systems disruption'

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Riemer, Kai, and Robert B. Johnston. "Disruption as worldview change: A Kuhnian analysis of the digital music revolution." Journal of Information Technology 34, no. 4 (April 12, 2019): 350–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268396219835101.

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Why is it that technology-enabled industry disruptions appear entirely inevitable with hindsight, yet practitioners in disrupted businesses typically struggle to detect and respond appropriately to disruption while it is unfolding? We term this surprising contradiction ‘interpretive discontinuity’ and use it to problematize the established understanding of disruption in the literature. We suggest that the contradiction at the heart of interpretive discontinuity holds an important key to what exactly changes during disruption and why. By juxtaposing an empirical case of disruption in the music industry with theoretical resources sensitive to the nature of radical change – Thomas Kuhn’s work in the unrelated field of scientific practice – we demonstrate that it is productive to understand disruption as a Kuhnian paradigm shift. We are then able to trace interpretive discontinuity to the gestalt switch in worldview that accompanies such a paradigm shift. This insight sheds new light on both what is actually ‘disruptive’ about disruption and also on the limitations of prior work theorizing disruption. Our work is important because it adds to the literature on disruptive innovation important yet overlooked conceptual tools in Kuhn’s work – the role of exemplars, the worldview aspect of a paradigm, and paradigm incommensurability.

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Liu, Tianyou, Zhenliang Ma, and Haris N. Koutsopoulos. "Unplanned Disruption Analysis in Urban Railway Systems Using Smart Card Data." Urban Rail Transit 7, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40864-021-00150-x.

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AbstractMetro system disruptions are a big concern due to their impacts on safety, service quality, and operating efficiency. A better understanding of system performance and passenger behavior under unplanned disruptions is critical for efficient decision making, effective customer communication, and identifying potential improvements. However, few studies explore disruption impacts on individual passenger behavior, and most studies use manually collected survey data. This study examines the potential of using automated collection data to comprehensively analyze unplanned disruption impacts. We propose a systematic approach to evaluate disruption impacts on system performance and individual responses in urban railway systems using automated fare collection (AFC) data. We develop a set of performance metrics to evaluate performance from the perspectives of train operations, information provision (communication), and bridging strategy (shuttle bus services to connect stations impacted by a disruption). We also propose an inference method to quantify the individual response to disruptions (e.g. travel or not, change stations or modes) depending on their trip characteristics with respect to the location and timing of the disruption. The proposed approach is demonstrated using data from a busy metro system. The results highlight the ability of AFC data in providing new insights for the analysis of unplanned disruptions, which are difficult to extract from traditional data collection methods. The case study shows that the disruption impacts are network-wide, and the impacts on passengers continue for a significant amount of time after the incident ended. The behavior highlights the importance of real-time information and the need for timely dissemination.

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Williams, Michael V., Betsy White Williams, and Mark Speicher. "A Systems Approach to Disruptive Behavior in Physicians: A Case Study." Journal of Medical Regulation 90, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30770/2572-1852-90.4.18.

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ABSTRACT Disruptive behavior in a medical setting has been defined as objectionable or offensive interpersonal behavior that leads to disruptions of professional activities in the workplace. The most frequent approaches to disruptive professionals have largely focused exclusively on the identified physician. This focus has been found to be ineffective for a number of reasons, in particular because of the recurrence of the behavior after a period of time. A new conceptualization of disruptive behavior is offered in this paper. The authors argue such behavior is often instrumental — that is to say the behavior is goal oriented and accomplishes a result sought by the disruptive individual. Starting from this conceptualization, a case is reviewed. The case is analyzed, first to demonstrate the effect of the disruption on team functioning. A significant disruption in team communication is demonstrated through an analysis of the clinical team’s social network. Significant role confusion is found among support professionals in the clinical team. The case is then analyzed to determine the instrumentality (usefulness) of the behavior to the disruptive physician. A system-based intervention is developed and the disruptive behavior is reduced. The authors argue disruptive behavior presents a significant risk to patient safety. They also argue regulatory authorities have a duty to reduce this risk and understanding the impact of this behavior on the team, and the delivery of health care services, will allow authorities to effectively intervene and reduce or eliminate the behavior and its safety risk.

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Best, Robert, and George Khushf. "The Social Conditions for Nanomedicine: Disruption, Systems, and Lock-In." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 34, no. 4 (2006): 733–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2006.00093.x.

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Many believe that nanotechnology will be disruptive to our society. Presumably, this means that some people and even whole industries will be undermined by technological developments that nanoscience makes possible. This, in turn, implies that we should anticipate potential workforce disruptions, mitigate in advance social problems likely to arise, and work to fairly distribute the future benefits of nanotechnology. This general, somewhat vague sense of disruption, is very difficult to specify – what will it entail? And how can we responsibly anticipate and mitigate any problems? We can't even clearly state what the problems are anticipated to be. In fact, when we move from sweeping policy statements to more concrete accounts, nanotechnology seems to bifurcate into two divergent streams: one is fairly continuous with current developments, extending extant science in a quantitative way; the other is radically new, and includes science fiction-like dreams of molecular manufacturing and assemblers, with their utopian (or dystopian) scenarios of absolute plenty (or runaway self-replication). In these cases, “disruption” takes on the valence of Huxley's brave new world.

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Mottahedi, Adel, Farhang Sereshki, Mohammad Ataei, Ali Nouri Qarahasanlou, and Abbas Barabadi. "The Resilience of Critical Infrastructure Systems: A Systematic Literature Review." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 1571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061571.

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Risk management is a fundamental approach to improving critical infrastructure systems’ safety against disruptive events. This approach focuses on designing robust critical infrastructure systems (CISs) that could resist disruptive events by minimizing the possible events’ probability and consequences using preventive and protective programs. However, recent disasters like COVID-19 have shown that most CISs cannot stand against all potential disruptions. Recently there is a transition from robust design to resilience design of CISs, increasing the focus on preparedness, response, and recovery. Resilient CISs withstand most of the internal and external shocks, and if they fail, they can bounce back to the operational phase as soon as possible using minimum resources. Moreover, in resilient CISs, early warning enables managers to get timely information about the proximity and development of distributions. An understanding of the concept of resilience, its influential factors, and available evaluation and analyzing tools are required to have effective resilience management. Moreover, it is important to highlight the current gaps. Technological resilience is a new concept associated with some ambiguity around its definition, its terms, and its applications. Hence, using the concept of resilience without understanding these variations may lead to ineffective pre- and post-disruption planning. A well-established systematic literature review can provide a deep understanding regarding the concept of resilience, its limitation, and applications. The aim of this paper is to conduct a systematic literature review to study the current research around technological CISs’ resilience. In the review, 192 primary studies published between 2003 and 2020 are reviewed. Based on the results, the concept of resilience has gradually found its place among researchers since 2003, and the number of related studies has grown significantly. It emerges from the review that a CIS can be considered as resilient if it has (i) the ability to imagine what to expect, (ii) the ability to protect and resist a disruption, (iii) the ability to absorb the adverse effects of disruption, (iv) the ability to adapt to new conditions and changes caused by disruption, and (v) the ability to recover the CIS’s normal performance level after a disruption. It was shown that robustness is the most frequent resilience contributing factor among the reviewed primary studies. Resilience analysis approaches can be classified into four main groups: empirical, simulation, index-based, and qualitative approaches. Simulation approaches, as dominant models, mostly study real case studies, while empirical methods, specifically those that are deterministic, are built based on many assumptions that are difficult to justify in many cases.

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Ureda, John, and Steven Yates. "A Systems View of Health Promotion." Journal of Health and Human Services Administration 28, no. 1 (March 2005): 5–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107937390502800106.

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This article presents a systems view of health promotion and education. We offer an overview of systems theory, including the hierarchy of systems, the relationship between a system and its environment, and agent-host interactions. A host is any system that may face disruption from an environmental agent or perturbation from an adjacent system. A system is healthy to the extent it can prevent, parry, or dissipate the effects of disruptions and perturbations. Systems can collaborate and cooperate to enhance their capacity to respond adaptively to potential threats from agents. This offers new insights into the three levels of prevention, and into health promotion practice. Health promotion is any effort to influence host systems in ways that will enhance their capacity to prevent, resist, dissipate or respond adaptively to potential threats from their environment. We also offer an account of the balance between stability (or lack of) in the environment and the importance of flexibility enabling systems to adapt to change. We examine high-level wellness, a function of knowledge, learning, skills and stored-up resources that enhance adaptability, flexibility and timeliness in a system's response to anticipated and unanticipated potentially disruptive environmental agents. Finally we draw implications for health promotion and education practice. The health promoter / educator is a helpful agent seeking to influence systems at various levels in the hierarchy of systems in ways that will enhance their capacity to prevent, resist, dissipate or respond adaptively to potential disruptive agents in their environments.

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Burggraef, Peter, Johannes Wagner, Matthias Dannapfel, and Sebastian Patrick Vierschilling. "Simulating the benefit of disruption prevention in assembly." Journal of Modelling in Management 14, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 214–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jm2-02-2018-0016.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the benefit of pre-emptive disruption management measures for assembly systems towards the target dimension adherence to delivery times. Design/methodology/approach The research was conducted by creating simulation models for typical assembly systems and measuring its varying throughput times due to changes in their disruption profiles. Due to the variability of assembly systems, key influence factors were investigated and used as a foundation for the simulation setup. Additionally, a disruption profile for each simulated process was developed, using the established disruption categories material, information and capacity. The categories are described by statistical distributions, defining the interval between the disruptions and the disruption duration. By a statistical experiment plan, the effect of a reduced disruption potential onto the throughput time was investigated. Findings Pre-emptive disruption management is beneficial, but its benefit depends on the operated assembly system and its organisation form, such as line or group assembly. Measures have on average a higher beneficial impact on group assemblies than on line assemblies. Furthermore, it was proven that the benefit, in form of better adherence to delivery times, per reduced disruption potential has a declining character and approximates a distinct maximum. Originality/value Characterising the benefit of pre-emptive disruption management measures enables managers to use this concept in their daily production to minimise overall costs. Despite the hardly predictable influence of pre-emptive disruption measures, these research results can be implemented into a heuristic for efficiently choosing these measures.

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Fang, Chao, Piao Dong, Yi-Ping Fang, and Enrico Zio. "Vulnerability analysis of critical infrastructure under disruptions: An application to China Railway High-speed." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability 234, no. 2 (November 29, 2019): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748006x19889149.

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Considerable attention has been paid to the vulnerability of critical infrastructures because of the increasing occurrence of disruptive events, such as man-made or natural disasters. Even small disruptions could eventually affect the normal function of infrastructure systems. Enhancing the reliability of these systems and their robustness to disruptions is necessary and urgent. High-speed rail is a critical infrastructure that is subject to various disruptions, including component aging, malicious attacks, natural disasters, and demand surges. In this study, we analyze the topological centrality indicators of China Railway High-speed network using network theory and take real train flow information for assessing the importance of network components in terms of vulnerability to disruption. By Monte Carlo simulation, we analyze the risk of the China Railway High-speed network under random attacks and spatially localized failures. The significance of taking pre-actions for protecting critical infrastructures by mitigating its vulnerability to disruptions is emphasized.

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Bucovetchi, Olga, Alexandru Georgescu, Dorel Badea, and Radu D. Stanciu. "Agent-Based Modeling (ABM): Support for Emphasizing the Air Transport Infrastructure Dependence of Space Systems." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (September 27, 2019): 5331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195331.

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Critical infrastructure is foundational for the prosperity and quality of life in any society. By definition, its destruction or disruption would cause severe damage and possibly loss of life. Within this understanding, space systems are a new category of critical infrastructure, emerging as an enabler of new applications which are critical within the wider system-of-systems. This paper presents the results of a modeling exercise validating the proof of concept regarding the idea of the global, air-transport-critical infrastructure’s dependence on space systems. By using an open-source application, the authors constructed a complex system made up of 18 airports for which six scenarios were modeled that represent either the exposure to specific space phenomena or the effects of a partial or total critical space infrastructure disruption. Despite the limitations and assumptions made in the building of this model, its results suggest that a significant impact would result from disruptive events, with the potential for cascading disruptions within the system, beyond the system under analysis, and into the wider system-of-systems. Tools such as this model are useful to policy- and decision-makers, not only to protect existing, critical infrastructures, but also to adequately source future risks, vulnerabilities, and threats, and design and build new infrastructures.

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Seymour, Matt. "Complexity, Contradiction, and Carnival: Microethnographic Research on Student Disruption in a High School English Language Arts Classroom." Acta Paedagogica Vilnensia 40 (October 12, 2018): 70–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/actpaed.2018.0.11889.

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[full article in English] When teaching, many educators must respond to unruly and disruptive students. While most scholarship on student disruption focuses on classroom management strategies and tactics, few studies consider the nature of the disruption, its ideological significance and the social consequences that follows. Via ethnographic methods and microethnographic discourse analysis, this paper examines the complexity and contradictions of macro- and microstructures as they manifest during a student’s disruption of a classroom discussion of a novel in an 11th and 12th grade English Language Arts class in the United States. Using Bakhtin’s notion of carnival as a theoretical framework, this paper examines the pattern of disruption in the classroom that evoked multiple and contradictory ideologies and both maintained and subverted power structures in the context. Contrary to the belief that classroom disruptions are always challenges to power, they sometimes reinforced power relations on a broader cultural level. This paper urges that research and scholarship embrace complexity and contradiction as inherent in the interactions of people in schools and seeks to rethink how educators view and respond to classroom disruption. It concludes by advocating that embracing complexity and contradiction will better allow teachers and researchers to think through systems of education as a way to effectively and ethically intervene when these structures prove problematic.

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Fang, Yan, and Yiping Jiang. "Replacement service decisions for disruption recovery in light rail systems." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 30, no. 2 (March 11, 2019): 286–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-08-2017-0074.

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Purpose Attracting commuters from driving to light rail systems has a good potential for reducing carbon emissions. However, the light rail system is interrupted by disruptions frequently, which reduces its attraction to passengers. Therefore, how to provide a quick replacement service during disruptions is of vital importance to avoid passengers change to other higher emission vehicles. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the decision analysis of the replacement tool for disruption recovery service in urban public light rail systems from the perspective of environmental effect. Design/methodology/approach The traditional approach – bus replacement service – and the new approach – taxi replacement service – which has been recently adopted by several cities, are examined individually and compared. The benefit of the light rail company is formulated by balancing between carbon emission and financial cost. The involving parties’ decision functions taking the passengers’ behaviors as well as numerous other important factors into account are formulated. Findings Both theoretical and numerical sensitivity analyses are conducted to shed light for light rail systems to better coping with disruptions, increasing service level, and attracting more passengers to the environmental transit system to reduce carbon emission. Originality/value It is worth mentioning that this research is a successful application for disruption recovery in a public transit system considering the environmental effect. To the authors’ knowledge, this research is one of the first of such applications in this area and can be used not only in the public light rail systems, but also in other urban public transport network components such as the subway and rail systems.

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Clegg, Ben, Richard Orme, and Panagiotis Petridis. "Developing a Serious Game for Rail Services: Improving Passenger Information During Disruption (PIDD)." Information 14, no. 8 (August 17, 2023): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info14080464.

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Managing passenger information during disruption (PIDD) is a significant factor in running effective and quick-to-recover rail operations. Disruptions are unpredictable, and their timely resolution is ultimately dependent on the expert knowledge of experienced frontline staff. The development of frontline employees by their employers usually takes the form of practice reviews and ‘on-the-job’ learning, while academic education majors on theoretical approaches and classroom-based teaching. This paper reports on a novel industry-funded project that has developed a serious game (the ‘Rail Disruption Game’) that combines theory and practice to better manage PIDD for frontline staff in a UK train operating company (TOC). It defines challenges and the development method for the Rail Disruption Game; it also incorporates developer and user feedback. This paper provides insight into how to design, make and deploy a serious game as part of a gamified management process.

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Mendlewicz, Julien. "Disruption of the Circadian Timing Systems." CNS Drugs 23, Supplement 2 (September 2009): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/11318630-000000000-00000.

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Lazenby, John C., and Robert N. Phelps. "Acoustic disruption minimizing systems and methods." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 128, no. 4 (2010): 2260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3500791.

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Liao, Xin, Chi-Yuen Wang, and Chun-Ping Liu. "Disruption of groundwater systems by earthquakes." Geophysical Research Letters 42, no. 22 (November 23, 2015): 9758–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015gl066394.

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Matzler, Kurt, Stephan Friedrich von den Eichen, Markus Anschober, and Thomas Kohler. "The crusade of digital disruption." Journal of Business Strategy 39, no. 6 (November 19, 2018): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-12-2017-0187.

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Purpose This paper aims to help managers understand digital disruption and implement strategies that will support the digital transformation of companies. Traditional companies need to learn from disruptive ventures and reimagine their business models based on digitalization. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on multiple case studies of both disruptive startups and established organizations navigating digital transformations. Findings The authors introduce three levels of digitalization to build a framework of six different value creation stages that result from digitalization. Companies need to create digital products, enhance their processes with digital technology and most important reimagine their business models. Practical implications Managers receive guidance on how to deal with digital disruption. They can learn from pathfinding companies that successfully leveraged digital technology to create and capture new value. Originality/value The original contribution of this paper is a simple and useful framework to understand and leverage digital disruption.

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Dai, Xiaoqing, Han Qiu, and Lijun Sun. "A Data-Efficient Approach for Evacuation Demand Generation and Dissipation Prediction in Urban Rail Transit System." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (August 29, 2021): 9692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179692.

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Predicting evacuation demand, including its generation and dissipation process, for urban rail transit systems under disruptions, such as line and station closure, often requires comprehensive historical data recorded under homogeneous situations. However, data under disruptions are hard to collect due to various reasons, which makes traditional methods impractical in evacuation demand prediction. To address this problem from the modeling perspective, we develop a data-efficient approach to predict evacuation demand for urban rail transit systems under disruptions. Our model-based approach mainly uses historical data obtained from the natural state, when no shocks take place. We first formulate the mathematical representation of the evacuation demand for every type of urban rail transit station. Input variables in this step are location features related to the station under the disruption, as well as an origin–destination matrix under the natural state. Then, based on these mathematical expressions, we develop a simulation system to imitate the spatio-temporal evolution of evacuation demand within the whole network under disruptions. The transport capacity drop under disruptions is used to describe the disruption situation. Several typical scenarios from the Shanghai metro network are used as examples to implement the proposed method. The results show that our method is able to predict the generation and dissipation processes of evacuation demand, as well model how severely stations will be affected by given disruptions. One general observation we draw from the results is that the most vulnerable stations under disruption, where the locations peak evacuation demand occurs, are mainly turn-back stations, closed stations, and the transfer stations near closed stations. This paper provides new insight into evacuation demand prediction under disruptions. It could be used by transport authorities to better respond to the urban rail transit system disruption.

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Zavala, Araceli, David Nowicki, and Jose Emmanuel Ramirez-Marquez. "Quantitative metrics to analyze supply chain resilience and associated costs." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability 233, no. 2 (April 12, 2018): 186–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748006x18766738.

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The growth of global supply chains has allowed trading partners to experience synergistic, economic expansion and increase their competitive success. At the same time, reliance on global supply chains exposes its trading partners to unforeseen disruptions. While the economic benefits are tremendous, they are not without risk as global supply chains are by their very nature susceptible to a wide array of disruptions. Methods that mitigate the effect of disruption directly contribute to the competitive success of global supply chain networks. One approach for mitigating the effects of disruption is to increase resilience. Thus, this research focuses on understanding supply chain vulnerability and how to return the supply chain to its desirable performance level after a disruptive event by reconfiguring the supply chain network. This article frames this foundational work in the context of systems theory to add to the body of resilience research by providing a time-dependent definition of supply chain resilience. This article then provides a mathematical model, based on inventory theory that operationalizes that definition. The model is presented in the context of a multi-echelon, post-production support network of a sustainment-dominated system such as those found in the aerospace, defense, utilities, and construction industries. The model demonstrates the post-disruption resilience at each supply chain network node along with the investment necessary to restore the network.

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Barbosa, Jorge. "Cyber Social Disruption due to Cyber Attacks." European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security 23, no. 1 (June 27, 2024): 817–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/eccws.23.1.2481.

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We analyze the implications of cyber war actions directed at specific targets, such as critical infrastructures, for modern civil societies that are profoundly dependent on computer systems. These critical infrastructures, whether they are cyber-physical systems or computer systems can be paralyzed or even destroyed if the systems used to directly or remotely manage them are cyber-attacked. Cyber-attacks in the context of cyber war, can generate chaos, which combined with the domino effects caused by the impact on other computer systems, then those directly attacked but indirectly affected, can theoretically lead to major disruptions to the internal order, or even to civil war, due to the scope that such actions may reach. The disturbances caused in civil society as a whole, and in military structures and equipment can go far beyond the local effects on the targets attacked, as would happen in a conventional kinetic war action. The crisis and social disturbance caused may even put the sovereignty of the attacked state at risk. For this specific case of social disruption, which is caused by cyber war actions, we use a concept to describe the situation more adequately, which we call Cyber Social Disruption.

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Shrivastava, Himanshu, Andreas T. Ernst, and Mohan Krishnamoorthy. "Distribution and Inventory Planning in a Supply Chain Under Transportation Route Disruptions and Uncertain Demands." International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management 12, no. 3 (July 2019): 47–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisscm.2019070103.

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This article considers transportation disruptions and its detrimental impact on the quality of the enroute shipment. The authors consider a supply chain system of a short life cycle product that has a capacitated supplier, a retailer and multiple routes of transportation under different disruption risks, uncertain cost of transportation, and uncertain demands. The authors investigate a hybrid problem in which the firm needs to develop a suitable distribution strategy under disruption risks along with an optimal checking policy when faced with the supply of varying quantities of damaged items. The authors formulate a non-linear mathematical model in which the overall objective is to maximise the expected profit and to help the firm in decision making under uncertain environments. Lastly, a statistical study is carried out to perform uncertainty analysis.

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Nesan, Dinushan, and Deborah M. Kurrasch. "Gestational Exposure to Common Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Their Impact on Neurodevelopment and Behavior." Annual Review of Physiology 82, no. 1 (February 10, 2020): 177–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034555.

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Endocrine disrupting chemicals are common in our environment and act on hormone systems and signaling pathways to alter physiological homeostasis. Gestational exposure can disrupt developmental programs, permanently altering tissues with impacts lasting into adulthood. The brain is a critical target for developmental endocrine disruption, resulting in altered neuroendocrine control of hormonal signaling, altered neurotransmitter control of nervous system function, and fundamental changes in behaviors such as learning, memory, and social interactions. Human cohort studies reveal correlations between maternal/fetal exposure to endocrine disruptors and incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we summarize the major literature findings of endocrine disruption of neurodevelopment and concomitant changes in behavior by four major endocrine disruptor classes:bisphenol A, polychlorinated biphenyls, organophosphates, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. We specifically review studies of gestational and/or lactational exposure to understand the effects of early life exposure to these compounds and summarize animal studies that help explain human correlative data.

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Namboodiri, P. M. S., and R. K. Kochhar. "Roche Instability in Binary Stellar Systems." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 132 (1993): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100066082.

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The stability of a galaxy against disruption when it encounters a point mass perturber has been investigated by numerical simulations. The merging process dominates in the case of encounters of binaries of comparable mass and disruption is important in cases where the components have different masses. The disruption of a galaxy occurs when its mean density is less than a critical density - the Roche density. The change in the energy falls steeply near the Roche density in the case of encounters in which the relative orbit of the perturber is circular.

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Ramasamy Pandi, Ramesh, Song Guang Ho, Sarat Chandra Nagavarapu, Twinkle Tripathy, and Justin Dauwels. "Disruption Management for Dial-A-Ride Systems." IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine 12, no. 4 (2020): 219–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mits.2020.3014429.

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Miller, StephanieM, Kate Goasdoue, and STracey Björkman. "Neonatal seizures and disruption to neurotransmitter systems." Neural Regeneration Research 12, no. 2 (2017): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.200803.

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Wang, Jiadong, Zhenzhou Yuan, and Yonghao Yin. "Optimization of Bus Bridging Service under Unexpected Metro Disruptions with Dynamic Passenger Flows." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (July 24, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6965728.

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A metro disruption is a situation where metro service is suspended for some time due to unexpected events such as equipment failure and extreme weather. Metro disruptions reduce the level of service of metro systems and leave numerous passengers stranded at disrupted stations. As a means of disruption management, bus bridging has been widely used to evacuate stranded passengers. This paper focuses on the bus bridging problem under operational disruptions on a single metro line. Unlike previous studies, we consider dynamic passenger flows during the disruption. A multi-objective optimization model is established with objectives to minimize total waiting time, the number of stranded passengers and dispatched vehicles with constraints such as fleet size and vehicle capacity. The NSGA-II algorithm is used for the solution. Finally, we apply the proposed model to Shanghai Metro to access the effectiveness of our approaches in comparison with the current bridging strategy. Sensitivity analysis of the bus fleet size involved in the bus bridging problem was conducted.

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Nunn, Neil. "Repair and the 2014 Mount Polley Mine disaster: Antirelationality, constraint, and legacies of socio-ecological disruption in settler colonial British Columbia." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 41, no. 5 (October 2023): 888–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02637758231198293.

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In this article I situate the 2014 Mount Polley Mine disaster within centuries-long relations of colonial-modernity in the region currently known as British Columbia, Canada. Guided by the work of Gilmore and Moten, I argue that repairing colonial systems of mass disruption and death requires attending to the logics that enable and normalize these systems of violence. To support this argument, I turn to British Columbia’s early settler colonial history—a violent and destructive history forged through mining—and outline large-scale socio-ecological violence that occurred throughout this period. By turning to this history, I show how these disruptions are connected to the Mount Polley Mine disaster through ongoing and pervasive logics that enable, and often even celebrate, these processes of violence and disruption.

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Pender, Brendan, Graham Currie, Alexa Delbosc, and Yibing Wang. "Proactive Recovery from Rail Disruptions through Provision of Track Crossovers and Bus Bridging." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2275, no. 1 (January 2012): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2275-08.

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This paper explores the importance of providing track crossovers in addressing the issue of replacement bus services in response to unplanned rail service disruptions by using a case study in Melbourne, Australia. Crossovers determine the point from which rail replacement bus services can operate and thus are critical in determining the scale, costs, and benefits of rail disruption management. Despite research evidence that provision for crossovers is important in managing rail disruption, the research literature gives little guidance concerning how it can be achieved and what the relative costs and benefits of providing crossovers are. Theoretical modeling evaluated passenger and operator impacts of alternative crossover plans for a case study of unplanned service disruptions on a suburban rail line in Melbourne. Results showed that an additional crossover reduced user rail disruption costs by 78% to 96%, while bus hire costs were reduced by 63% to 93%. Results suggested that only a few rail disruptions annually would make the provision of track crossovers financially viable on the basis of savings in rail replacement bus service costs. Research found that locating crossovers as close as possible to areas of major disruption provided the most benefits for users and operators. Sensitivity tests showed that even with significantly lower ridership and a lower frequency of disruption, the addition of crossovers was financially positive and generated substantial user benefits. All highlighted results are with respect to the one suburban rail line under analysis. Provision of additional track crossovers appears to be a highly positive means of reducing costs and improving services. However, research indicates that crossovers can cause disruption on some rail systems, and this factor needs to be considered in rail planning.

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Filbeck, Greg, and Xin Zhao. "Supply Chain Disruptions." International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management 13, no. 3 (July 2020): 78–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisscm.2020070105.

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This study expands the work on contagion effects caused by supply chain disruptions beyond the impacted firm and competitors to its customers and suppliers. Using hand-collected data, we analyze the news announcements to determine those that resulted in disruptions in supply, demand, production, inventory, distribution, or transportation at one or more stages of a supply chain across different types of disruptions and across six market segments. Using event study methodology and regression analysis, we find statistically significant negative share price responses to announcement of supply chain disruptions for the affected firm and its competitors, but not for consumer and supplier firms. Competitors in more concentrated industries, with higher growth prospects, or with higher debt ratios, are more impacted by disruptions by peer firms. Customers firms in less competitive industries, who exhibit higher risk, or have overall lower sales react more negatively to disruption announcements.

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Ivanov, Dmitry, and Maxim Rozhkov. "Disruption tails and post-disruption instability mitigation in the supply chain." IFAC-PapersOnLine 52, no. 13 (2019): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.11.140.

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Zhang, Ning, and Alice Alipour. "Two-Stage Model for Optimized Mitigation and Recovery of Bridge Network with Final Goal of Resilience." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 10 (July 22, 2020): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120935450.

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Ensuring resilience of critical infrastructure systems when facing disruptions is of great importance to engineers, stakeholders, and decision makers. Providing an optimal strategy for strengthening infrastructure system performance before disruption and rapidly recovering systems after disruption are two visible approaches to enhance system resilience efficiently. However, because of the complexity of the interrelationship among system infrastructures and the budgetary limitation, there is an imperative requirement for a rigorous decision-making process to track the costs induced by any enhancement to the system. To address this issue, in this paper, a multiobjective and two-stage stochastic programming model was developed for minimizing network-level cost and mean risk by considering both pre- and post-event maintenance actions. To account for the effects of different improvement strategies on network resilience, this model was tested under various disruption scenarios that highlighted the hazard uncertainty by combining a variety of occurrence probabilities. In this model, pre-event activities represent bridge retrofit that could contribute to increasing robustness and redundancy of the network system, whereas post-event activities are bridge repair and recovery on the basis of the resilience-enhancing effects advanced by the pre-event actions. The consequential optimization is the optimal social-economic outcome that considers different construction and disruption scenarios, and indirect costs associated with the system.

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Maria, Elvie, Victor Victor, and Andriasan Sudarso. "PENTINGNYA PENINGKATAN SOFT SKILL DI ERA DISRUPSI BAGI PENDIDIK DAN TENAGA KEPENDIDIKAN SMA RK BINTANG TIMUR YPK. ST. LAURENSIUS PEMATANG SIANTAR." Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat METHABDI 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.46880/methabdi.vol2no2.pp145-153.

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Disruption era is marked by major and fundamental changes in all areas of life, due to disruptions which change the system of social life in general, massive innovation and change occur, this is what has changed various systems from old to new patterns. Efforts to deal with the era of disruption are by improving the quality of human resources, digital transformation, and not stopping to innovate. Realized it was of disruption, as one of the best schools in Pematangsiantar, SMA RK Bintang Timur, YPK St. Laurensius continues to strive to maintain its existence, so one of the strategies adopted is to hold seminars to improve the quality of its human resources, namely educators and educational staff in this institution are called Teachers and Employees with the aim of understanding and realizing the importance of improving the soft skills required in the era of disruption, in order to improve individual and organizational performance.

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Santiago, Débora Cristina, Giovani de Oliveira Arieira, Edinei de Almeida, and Maria de Fátima Guimarães. "Responses of soil nematode communities to agroecological crop management systems." Nematology 14, no. 2 (2012): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138855411x587103.

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Soil nematodes are sensitive to human intervention and widely used as biological indicators of disruptions and alterations in soil quality. The aim of this work was to identify nematodes that are good biological indicators in maize crops under different management systems, and to establish the impact levels of these systems. Soil samples were collected over a 3-year period at a depth of 0.0-0.3 m in areas under six different management systems for maize (Zea mays) monoculture, and intercropped maize and Canavalia ensiformis. Six areas of native vegetation were also assessed to provide a reference for ecological balance. After identification and counting, nematode communities were characterised according to abundance (total and relative), diversity (identified genera and diversity indexes), trophic structure and ecological maturity (disturbance indexes). Nematodes proved to be good ecological indicators, responding to the systems employed. Intercropping maize and Canavalia ensiformis in at least one assessment year reduced disruption and increased nematode diversity, which were both verified based on specific indexes. It was also observed that the maize monoculture increased disruption leading to a drop in nematode fauna diversity and an increase in the incidence of plant-feeding nematodes.

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Ahn, Changhwan, and Eui-Bae Jeung. "Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Disease Endpoints." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 6 (March 10, 2023): 5342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065342.

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Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have significant impacts on biological systems, and have been shown to interfere with physiological systems, especially by disrupting the hormone balance. During the last few decades, EDCs have been shown to affect reproductive, neurological, and metabolic development and function and even stimulate tumor growth. EDC exposure during development can disrupt normal development patterns and alter susceptibility to disease. Many chemicals have endocrine-disrupting properties, including bisphenol A, organochlorines, polybrominated flame retardants, alkylphenols, and phthalates. These compounds have gradually been elucidated as risk factors for many diseases, such as reproductive, neural, and metabolic diseases and cancers. Endocrine disruption has been spread to wildlife and species that are connected to the food chains. Dietary uptake represents an important source of EDC exposure. Although EDCs represent a significant public health concern, the relationship and specific mechanism between EDCs and diseases remain unclear. This review focuses on the disease-EDC relationship and the disease endpoints associated with endocrine disruption for a better understanding of the relationship between EDCs-disease and elucidates the development of new prevention/treatment opportunities and screening methods.

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Thomas, Marcia L. "Disruption and Disintermediation." Library Resources & Technical Services 56, no. 3 (June 25, 2012): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/lrts.56n3.183.

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Owen, Frank. "Refugia: islands of social awareness in disrupted earth systems." Organisational and Social Dynamics 23, no. 1 (July 14, 2023): 110–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33212/osd.v23n1.2023.110.

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An organisational leader's evolving mindset at times of significant systemic disruption frequently determines the quality and efficacy of the organisation's response to dramatic change. This article describes patterns of conscious and unconscious thinking, emotion, and containment in a group of business leaders during a disruptive earth system trauma. The context is the Christchurch, New Zealand earthquakes of 2010 through 2014 and the critical incident narratives that inform the mental stance leaders assumed with their organisations. There has been little research on leaders' evolving mental stance or how they "show up" in traumatic times, in terms of the practices and behaviours they exhibit, and how these in turn manifest as containing environments within disrupted systems. I call these environments "islands of social awareness". Within these refugia, the organisation, with its collective sense-making potential and action optionality, cooperates on the critical tasks of survival, human connection, and activation of resilience. I propose that turbulent social unconscious processes and the leader response to consequent emotional arousal ultimately underlie leaders' motivation and behaviour in times of disruption. These same perspectives may be applied to other complex earth mega-system crises, informing organisational preparedness for extraordinary events.

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Schulte, Fiona, Eckhard Kirchner, and Hermann Kloberdanz. "Analysis and Synthesis of Resilient Load-Carrying Systems." Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design 1, no. 1 (July 2019): 1403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsi.2019.146.

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AbstractResilient systems have the capability to survive and recover from seriously affecting events. Resilience engineering already is established for socio-economic organisations and extended network-like structures e. g. supply systems like power grids. Transferring the known principles and concepts used in these disciplines enables engineering resilient load-carrying systems and subsystems, too. Unexpected load conditions or component damages are summarised as disruptions caused by nesciense that may cause damages to the system or even system breakdowns. Disruptions caused by nescience can be controlled by analysing the resilience characteristics and synthesising resilient load-carrying systems. This paper contributes to a development methodology for resilient load-carrying systems by presenting a resilience applications model to support engineers analysing system resilience characteristics and behaviour. Further a concept of a systematically structured solution catalogue is provided that can be used for the classification of measures to realise resilience functions depending on system adaptivity and disruption progress. The resilience characteristics are illustrated by 3 examples.

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Colabianchi, Silvia, Margherita Bernabei, Francesco Costantino, Elpidio Romano, and Andrea Falegnami. "MARLIN Method: Enhancing Warehouse Resilience in Response to Disruptions." Logistics 7, no. 4 (December 7, 2023): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/logistics7040095.

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Background: Endogenous and exogenous factors impact the operational characteristics of supply chains, affecting wholesale warehouses. The survival of a warehouse is often threatened by disruptive events that alter infrastructure and performance. The emergence of COVID-19 exemplified the need for adaptability in retail goods supply chains, emphasizing the necessity for responding to external shocks. Methods: The MARLIN (Method wArehouse ResiLience dIstruptioN) method, founded on theories and models of resilience engineering is introduced. MARLIN is a practical tool designed to identify key areas requiring intervention in response to disruptive events. An empirical test was conducted in an Italian warehouse. Results: The conducted test yielded tangible results, demonstrating the efficacy of the method. It successfully pinpointed areas necessitating intervention and identified Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) associated with disruptions. The study not only underscores the importance of data collection but also highlights the often-overlooked significance of warehouse management. Conclusions: The study establishes MARLIN as a valuable asset for stakeholders involved in disruption management. Its application has proven instrumental in recognizing areas of intervention and identifying KPIs related to disruptions. Ongoing research endeavors to broaden its applicability across diverse supply chain scenarios, aiming to enhance situational awareness and enable proactive risk assessment through what-if analysis.

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Ochoa, Therese J., and Thomas G. Clearly. "Lactoferrin disruption of bacterial type III secretion systems." BioMetals 17, no. 3 (June 2004): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:biom.0000027701.12965.d4.

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Lansdown, Terry C., Nikki Brook-Carter, and Tanita Kersloot. "Primary Task Disruption from Multiple In-Vehicle Systems." Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems 7, no. 2 (April 2002): 151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10248070190048736.

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Lansdown, Terry C., Nikki Brook-Carter, and Tanita Kersloot. "Primary Task Disruption from Multiple In-Vehicle Systems." Intelligent Transportation Systems Journal 7, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10248070214636.

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Ikome, John M., Sesan P. Ayodeji, and Grace M. Kanakana. "Minimising instability on manufacturing systems after random disruption." African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development 8, no. 2 (June 10, 2016): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20421338.2016.1147198.

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Makholm, Jeff D. "El Niño's Uneven Disruption of World's Electricity Systems." Natural Gas & Electricity 32, no. 9 (March 18, 2016): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gas.21900.

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Savary, Serge, Sonia Akter, Conny Almekinders, Jody Harris, Lise Korsten, Reimund Rötter, Stephen Waddington, and Derrill Watson. "Mapping disruption and resilience mechanisms in food systems." Food Security 12, no. 4 (August 2020): 695–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-020-01093-0.

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Clegg, Lindsay E., and Feilim Mac Gabhann. "Systems biology of the microvasculature." Integrative Biology 7, no. 5 (2015): 498–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ib00296b.

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Hasey, Janine K., Carolyn Pickel, and William H. Olson. "Implementing Biointensive IPM Systems in Cling Peaches." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 502b—502. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.502b.

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A complete mating disruption program that uses pheromone confusion technology successfully controlled oriental fruit moth and peach twig borer while eliminating most in season insecticides in cling peaches from 1995–1997 in a three-county area. During this 3-year period, 46 cooperators used this program on 580 acres. Growers applied both Oriental fruit moth and peach twig borer pheromone dispensers twice. Orchards were monitored for moths and for shoot strikes during the season. Harvest samples were taken to determine worm damage. A few orchards were sprayed once when shoot strike counts exceeded threshold levels of three to five strikes per tree. Along with mating disruption in 1997, 209 acres were sprayed with Bacillus thuringiensis during bloom to replace the dormant insecticide spray and improve efficacy of pheromone confusion. Throughout implementation, mating disruption program costs were compared with conventional spray programs. Between 1995 and 1997, the complete mating disruption program cost decreased from $243 per acre to $216 per acre respectively. Even with the decrease in cost, this is much higher than $104 per acre for the standard spray program. Some growers decreased pheromone dispenser applications in 1997 for a more economic program. This program still reduced pesticide use by 33% to 67%. While most growers using this partial program had success, some orchards had high shoot strikes indicating a potential problem. Grants from USDA-ES-Smith-Lever IPM project, EPA Environmental Stewardship Partnership, California Department of Pesticide Regulation and Farm Service Agency cost share programs aided in our ability to implement these biointensive programs; they provided the money necessary for monitoring and reducing direct costs to the grower. The main obstacle to cling peach growers adopting the complete biointensive program is the economics. Most growers will continue to spray or use a partial mating disruption program until less expensive commercial products become available.

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San Pedro, Timothy. "Abby as Ally: An Argument for Culturally Disruptive Pedagogy." American Educational Research Journal 55, no. 6 (May 22, 2018): 1193–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0002831218773488.

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This article re-stories the navigation of one White female student, Abby, enrolled in a 12th grade ethnic studies course titled Native American literature. Abby reveals tensions, disruptions, and self-discoveries within a course that recentered Indigenous histories and literacies while, concurrently, decentered dominant knowledge systems. Her story addresses this article’s central question: How does Whiteness operate in an ethnic studies course? Eleven vignettes trace Abby’s critical consciousness development within and beyond this course. Relying on Paris and Alim’s (2014, 2017) culturally sustaining pedagogy and McCarty and Lee’s (2014) culturally revitalizing pedagogy, I offer culturally disruptive pedagogy to argue that as educators, researchers, and community members seek ways to sustain and revitalize cultural practices, we must also consider the ways hegemonic norms—as perpetuated by ideologies of whiteness—require a needed disruption.

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Rose, Emma J., and Josh Tenenberg. "UX as Disruption." International Journal of Sociotechnology and Knowledge Development 7, no. 3 (July 2015): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijskd.2015070101.

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Over the past 30 years, there has been an ongoing shift in software from a system-centered to user-centered approach. When user-centered approaches are introduced to teams and organizations, conflict often emerges. Conflict could be dismissed as idiosyncratic differences among team members. In this paper, the authors account for conflicts as a clash of worldview between occupational communities: engineers and UX designers. They define the engineering worldview as the application of science and mathematics to structure sociotechnical processes to solve concrete, pre-specified problems, from an external perspective. By contrast, the UX worldview is a human-centered exploration, through iterative cycles of design and inquiry, of the contingent and context-sensitive ways people mediate activities with technologies and systems. Interpersonal conflict in teams symbolizes a conflict between sharply contrasting ways of seeing the world. By considering the root causes, project managers can productively leverage the expertise of both communities by managing expectations, relations, and artifacts.

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Balakrishnan, Srijith, and Zhanmin Zhang. "Developing Priority Index for Managing Utility Disruptions in Urban Areas with Focus on Cascading and Interdependent Effects." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 1 (July 29, 2018): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118774239.

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Unanticipated events such as natural disasters, terrorist attacks, cyber-attacks, and so forth, could cause prolonged disruptions in major utility service networks including, for example, water and electricity, in urban areas. Owing to the presence of complex interdependencies among infrastructure systems in an urban network, the disruption of one system may trigger a chain of events that degrades the proper functioning of several other dependent systems. Consequently, many parts of the city may not have access to multiple utility services and amenities. Identifying the most vulnerable communities exposed to such utility disruptions is key to performing immediate relief operations. In this paper, the concept of Priority Index, introduced as a measure of the susceptibility of communities to the event, is presented to rank urban regions based on the extent of the impact of disruptions (both cascading and interdependent impacts) caused by an event, as well as the social vulnerability of communities. Agent-based models are employed to simulate the consequences of a disruptive event on a semi-realistic urban infrastructure network. Later, the extent of impact on communities is evaluated using the simulation results and the American Community Survey data. The proposed Priority Index could help city administrations and utility service agencies identify the regions in a city that require immediate attention after a disruptive event occurs in the infrastructure network. A case study based on a semi-realistic infrastructure network in Austin, Texas is presented to demonstrate the implementation of the concept of Priority Index and the methodological framework.

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IVAN V., DANILIN. "IMPACT OF THE CRISIS ON INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT: FAILURE, BREAKTHROUGH, OPPORTUNITY?" Scientific Works of the Free Economic Society of Russia 225, no. 5 (2020): 201–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.38197/2072-2060-2020-225-5-201-238.

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Article analyzes innovative and technological development during the economic crises with focus on possible disruptions. Despite negative conditions, large high-tech companies and smart small and medium enterprises avoid failures in their technological and innovative activities in order to sustain competitive positions. However, the study generally does not support the neoschumpeterian theoretical proposition that crises may stimulate technological disruptions. We identified only two exceptions. Firstly, disruption may occur as a result of exogenous shocks that changes basic market conditions (supported by the cases of Oil Shocks and green energy systems, and COVID-19 pandemic and internet technologies). Secondly, since 2000s national anti-crisis policies may play a larger role in development of emerging technologies (as a factor of overcoming economic downturns). Article identifies development of high-tech sector and national innovation system institutions as key factors for stabilization of innovative and technological activities and for rising probability of disruption in crises.

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Ikome, J. M., S. P. Ayodeji, and M. G. Kanakana. "The Effect of Unforeseen Disruption on Different Types of Manufacturing Industry-Layout." Applied Mechanics and Materials 789-790 (September 2015): 1287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.789-790.1287.

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Consistency and on timely delivery are among some of the factors that can keep a customer loyal and committed to a manufacturing industry. Almost all manufacturing facilities need to use production scheduling systems to increase productivity, reduce production costs and time. Most manufacturing industries invest huge amount of money to manufacture and supply products on time in order to meet customers demand and objectives but due to unforeseen disruptions, these objectives are difficult to achieve. In Real-life, production operations are subject to a large number of unexpected disruptions that may invalidate an original schedule. Being able to cope or react to these disruptions determines a company’s out-put and profitability. Productivity expression and simulation models are employed to assist in determining operational characteristics and also by comparing results from undisrupted system with that which is disrupted. These proposed models are tested on different tile manufacturing industry lay-outs in CMR and it is demonstrated that the leading source of disruption varies with different industry-layout and geographical regions. The study revealed that, the most common cause of disruption are power failure, machine breakdown, advert whether and employees absenteeism).This can be concluded from an industrial engineering point of view that, disruption during tile manufacturing is the main cause of low productivity or out-put in CMR tile manufacturing industries.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Systems disruption'

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