Relevant bibliographies by topics / Systemic dehydration

Academic literature on the topic 'Systemic dehydration'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Systemic dehydration"

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Oleson, Steven, Abigail Cox, Zhongming Liu, M. Preeti Sivasankar, and Kun-Han Lu. "In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Rat Vocal Folds After Systemic Dehydration and Rehydration." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 1 (January 22, 2020): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_jslhr-19-00062.

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Objective Consuming less water (systemic dehydration) has long been thought to dehydrate the vocal folds. An in vivo , repeated measures study tested the assumption that systemic dehydration causes vocal fold dehydration. Proton density (PD)–weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of rat vocal folds was employed to investigate (a) whether varying magnitudes of systemic dehydration would dehydrate the vocal folds and (b) whether systemic rehydration would rehydrate the vocal folds. Method Male ( n = 25) and female ( n = 14) Sprague Dawley rats were imaged with 7T MRI, and normalized PD-weighted signal intensities were obtained at predehydration, following dehydration, and following rehydration. Animals were dehydrated to 1 of 3 levels by water withholding to induce body weight loss: mild (< 6% body weight loss), moderate (6%–10% body weight loss), and marked (> 10% body weight loss). Results There was a significant decrease in vocal fold signal intensities after moderate and marked dehydration ( p < .0167). Rehydration increased the normalized signal intensity to predehydration levels for only the moderate group ( p < .0167). Normalized signal intensity did not significantly change after mild dehydration or when the mildly dehydrated animals were rehydrated. Additionally, there were no significant differences in PD-weighted MRI normalized signal intensity between male and female rats ( p > .05). Conclusion This study provides evidence supporting clinical voice recommendations for rehydration by increasing water intake after an acute, moderate systemic dehydration event. However, acute systemic dehydration of mild levels did not dehydrate the vocal folds as observed by PD-weighted MRI. Future programmatic research will focus on chronic, recurring systemic dehydration.
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Verdolini, Katherine, Young Min, Ingo R. Titze, Jon Lemke, Kice Brown, Miriam van Mersbergen, Jack Jiang, and Kim Fisher. "Biological Mechanisms Underlying Voice Changes Due to Dehydration." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 45, no. 2 (April 2002): 268–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002/021).

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Four vocally untrained healthy adults, 2 men and 2 women, completed the study. A double-blind placebo-controlled approach was used to administer three treatments to each participant on separate days. Drugs treatments involved a single 60-mg dose of a diuretic, Lasix (LA), on one day, and a single 50-mg dose of an oral antihistamine, diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DH), on another day. A third day involved the administration of a placebo, sugar pills (SP). Critical posttreatment measures were weight (kg), which estimated systemic dehydration, saliva viscosity (centipoise), which estimated secretion dehydration, and phona-tion threshold pressure (PTP, in cm H 2 O), at high pitches, which indicated pulmonary drive for phonation. The central experimental question was: Does systemic dehydration, or secretory dehydration, or both, mediate increases in PTP that are known to occur following dehydration treatments? The results showed that LA induced systemic dehydration, as shown by a decrease in total body mass of about 1%. Weight losses were seen during a 1- to 4-hour block following drug administration and persisted for at least 8 hours thereafter. PTPs also increased in that condition, about 23% relative to baseline, but only several hours after whole-body dehydration was initially seen (5–12 hours after drug administration). In contrast, no evidence was seen that DH accomplished either secretory dehydration or PTP shifts. The results indicate that systemic dehydration can mediate PTP increases. The influence of secretory dehydration on PTP is unclear.
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Bron, Anthony J., and Catherine Willshire. "Tear Osmolarity in the Diagnosis of Systemic Dehydration and Dry Eye Disease." Diagnostics 11, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11030387.

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Systemic dehydration due to inadequate water intake or excessive water loss, is common in the elderly and results in a high morbidity and significant mortality. Diagnosis is often overlooked and there is a need for a simple, bedside diagnostic test in at-risk populations. Body hydration is highly regulated with plasma osmolality (pOsm) being tightly controlled over a wide range of physiological conditions. By contrast, normal tear osmolarity (tOsm) is more variable since the tear film is exposed to evaporation from the open eye. While plasma hyperosmolality is a diagnostic feature of systemic dehydration, tear hyperosmolality, with other clinical features, is diagnostic of dry eye. Studies in young adults subjected to exercise and water-deprivation, have shown that tOsm may provide an index of pOsm, with the inference that it may provide a simple measure to diagnose systemic dehydration. However, since the prevalence of both dry eye and systemic dehydration increases with age, the finding of a raised tOsm in the elderly could imply the presence of either condition. This diagnostic difficulty can be overcome by measuring tear osmolality after a period of evaporative suppression (e.g., a 45 min period of lid closure) which drives tOsm osmolality down to a basal level, close to that of the pOsm. The arguments supporting the use of this basal tear osmolarity (BTO) in the diagnosis of systemic dehydration are reviewed here. Further studies are needed to confirm that the BTO can act as a surrogate for pOsm in both normally hydrated subjects and in patients with systemic dehydration and to determine the minimum period of lid closure required for a simple, “point-of-care” test.
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Bailey, Taylor W., Naila Cannes do Nascimento, Andrea Pires dos Santos, M. Preeti Sivasankar, and Abigail Cox. "Comparative proteomic changes in rabbit vocal folds undergoing systemic dehydration and systemic rehydration." Journal of Proteomics 270 (January 2023): 104734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104734.

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Gillard, E. R., M. León-Olea, S. Mucio-Ramírez, C. G. Coburn, E. Sánchez-Islas, A. de Leon, H. Mussenden, L. G. Bauce, Q. J. Pittman, and M. C. Currás-Collazo. "A Novel Role for Endogenous Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide in the Magnocellular Neuroendocrine System." Endocrinology 147, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 791–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2005-1103.

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Central release of vasopressin (VP) by the magnocellular neuroendocrine cells (MNCs) responsible for systemic VP release is believed to be important in modulating the activity of these neurons during dehydration. Central VP release from MNC somata and dendrites is stimulated by both dehydration and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP). Although PACAP is expressed in MNCs, its potential role in the magnocellular response to dehydration is unexplored. The current study demonstrates that prolonged dehydration increases immunoreactivity for PACAP-27, PACAP-38, and the type I PACAP receptor in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the rat. In addition, PACAP stimulates local VP release in the euhydrated rat SON in vitro, and this effect is reduced by the PACAP receptor antagonist PAC6–27 (100 nm), suggesting the participation of PACAP receptors. Concomitant with its effects on local VP release, PACAP also reduces basal glutamate and aspartate release in the euhydrated rat SON. Furthermore, somatodendritic VP release elicited by acute dehydration is blocked by PAC6–27, suggesting that endogenous PACAP participates in this response. Consistent with this, RIA revealed that local PACAP-38 release within the SON is significantly elevated during acute dehydration. These results suggest that prolonged activation of hypothalamic MNCs is accompanied by up-regulation of PACAP and the type I PACAP receptor in these cells and that somatodendritic VP release in response to acute dehydration is mediated by activation of PACAP receptors by endogenous PACAP released within the SON. A potential role for PACAP in promoting efficient, but not exhaustive, systemic release of VP from MNCs during physiological challenge is discussed.
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Hillman, Stanley S. "Cardiac scope in amphibians: transition to terrestrial life." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 7 (July 1, 1991): 2010–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-280.

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Systemic oxygen transport essentially limits maximal aerobic capacity in amphibians and consequently may be an important determinant of aerobically supported behaviors. Exercise widens arteriovenous oxygen content difference (5×) and increases heart rate (2×), whereas stroke volume changes very little over resting values. Dehydration is the primary problem facing amphibians in the transition to terrestrial life. Dehydration influences cardiac scope by imposing hyperosmotic, hypovolemic, and hyperviscous stresses on cardiac function. The ability to compensate for hypovolemic stress is the principal adaptation sustaining cardiac scope in more dehydration-tolerant amphibians.
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Katayama, Yukitoshi, Takehiro Tsukada, Susumu Hyodo, Hirotaka Sakamoto, and Tatsuya Sakamoto. "Behavioural osmoregulation during land invasion in fish: Prandial drinking and wetting of the dry skin." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 7, 2022): e0277968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277968.

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Osmoregulatory behaviours should have evolutionarily modified for terrestrialisation of vertebrates. In mammals, sensations of buccal food and drying have immediate effects on postprandial thirst to prevent future systemic dehydration, and is thereby considered to be ‘anticipatory thirst’. However, it remains unclear whether such an anticipatory response has been acquired in the non-tetrapod lineage. Using the mudskipper goby (Periophthalmus modestus) as a semi-terrestrial ray-finned fish, we herein investigated postprandial drinking and other unique features like full-body ‘rolling’ over on the back although these behaviours had not been considered to have osmoregulatory functions. In our observations on tidal flats, mudskippers migrated into water areas within a minute after terrestrial eating, and exhibited rolling behaviour with accompanying pectoral-fin movements. In aquarium experiments, frequency of migration into a water area for drinking increased within a few minutes after eating onset, without systemic dehydration. During their low humidity exposure, frequency of the rolling behaviour and pectoral-fin movements increased by more than five times to moisten the skin before systemic dehydration. These findings suggest anticipatory responses which arise from oral/gastrointestinal and cutaneous sensation in the goby. These sensation and motivation seem to have evolved in distantly related species in order to solve osmoregulatory challenges during terrestrialisation.
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Brizzee, B. L., L. Harrison-Bernard, H. A. Pretus, G. G. Clifton, and B. R. Walker. "Hemodynamic responses to vasopressinergic antagonism in water-deprived conscious rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 255, no. 1 (July 1, 1988): R46—R51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1988.255.1.r46.

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Experiments were performed on conscious, chronically instrumented rats to determine the role of arginine vasopressin (AVP) on the systemic and regional hemodynamic effects of 48-h water deprivation. Arterial and venous catheters as well as pulsed Doppler flow probes were implanted in rats to measure cardiac output (CO), mesenteric blood flow (MBF), renal blood flow (RBF), or hindquarter blood flow (HQBF). After adequate recovery from surgey, euhydrated animals were administered a specific V1-vasopressinergic antagonist [d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP, 10 micrograms/kg iv], a combined V1, V2-antagonist [d(CH2)5DTyr(Et)VAVP, 30 micrograms/kg iv], or saline vehicle (100 microliter/100 g). Neither antagonist was associated with any change in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), heart rate (HR), systemic or regional flow or vascular resistance. All animals were subsequently water deprived for 48 h, at which time the experiments were repeated. Dehydration was associated with an increase in plasma AVP levels, hematocrit, and MABP but with a decrease in HR. Administration of either the combined V1, V2-antagonist or vehicle had no effect on any systemic or regional hemodynamic variables measured after 48-h dehydration. In contrast, although MABP, CO, MBF, and RBF were unaffected, V1-antagonism resulted in elevated HR, increased HQBF, and decreased hindquarter vascular resistance. In conclusion, AVP does not have a major effect on systemic hemodynamics in the dehydrated rat. However, certain beds may be affected by the relatively moderate levels of plasma AVP elicited during dehydration.
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Lykke, Kasper, Mette Assentoft, Sofie Hørlyck, Hans CC Helms, Anca Stoica, Trine L. Toft-Bertelsen, Katerina Tritsaris, Frederik Vilhardt, Birger Brodin, and Nanna MacAulay. "Evaluating the involvement of cerebral microvascular endothelial Na+/K+-ATPase and Na+-K+-2Cl– co-transporter in electrolyte fluxes in an in vitro blood–brain barrier model of dehydration." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 39, no. 3 (October 10, 2017): 497–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x17736715.

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The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is involved in brain water and salt homeostasis. Blood osmolarity increases during dehydration and water is osmotically extracted from the brain. The loss of water is less than expected from pure osmotic forces, due to brain electrolyte accumulation. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms are unresolved, the current model suggests the luminally expressed Na+-K+-2Cl− co-transporter 1 (NKCC1) as a key component, while the role of the Na+/K+-ATPase remains uninvestigated. To test the involvement of these proteins in brain electrolyte flux under mimicked dehydration, we employed a tight in vitro co-culture BBB model with primary cultures of brain endothelial cells and astrocytes. The Na+/K+-ATPase and the NKCC1 were both functionally dominant in the abluminal membrane. Exposure of the in vitro BBB model to conditions mimicking systemic dehydration, i.e. hyperosmotic conditions, vasopressin, or increased [K+]o illustrated that NKCC1 activity was unaffected by exposure to vasopressin and to hyperosmotic conditions. Hyperosmotic conditions and increased K+ concentrations enhanced the Na+/K+-ATPase activity, here determined to consist of the α1 β1 and α1 β3 isozymes. Abluminally expressed endothelial Na+/K+-ATPase, and not NKCC1, may therefore counteract osmotic brain water loss during systemic dehydration by promoting brain Na+ accumulation.
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do Nascimento, Naila Cannes, Andrea Pires dos Santos, Rodrigo Mohallem, Uma K. Aryal, Jun Xie, Abigail Cox, and M. Preeti Sivasankar. "Furosemide-induced systemic dehydration alters the proteome of rabbit vocal folds." Journal of Proteomics 252 (February 2022): 104431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104431.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Systemic dehydration"

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Ferm, Alexander. "Effects of rapid weight loss on sports performance : A systematic review." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-5034.

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Aim and research questions: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of rapid weight loss (RLW) in relation to physiological aspects, psychological aspects, and sport specific performance through a systematic review. This study further aimed to investigate what methods are being used when studying the effects of RWL. To examine the above the following research questions have been used: what physiological and psychological effects can be found in concurrence with RWL, how does the effects of RWL impact sports performance, and what methods are recurrently being used when studying the effects of RWL? Method: For this purpose a systematic review was conducted using three databases; PubMed, Cochrane Library, and SPORTDiscus. Out of 1163 screened articles 20 of them were included in the review. Further analysis was conducted using Forsberg & Wengströms quality evaluation for quantitative studies screening form and the Swedish agency for health technology assessment and assessment of social services Risk of systematic bias screening form. Results were later summarized and compiled. Result: The most evident finding was that the athletes suffer from dehydration with significantly elevated levels of Urine Specific Gravity, USG. In addition the utilization of RWL also have a negative impact on both cognitive functions and mood, it affects important central factors such as reaction time. However many of the negative physiological effects have been show to subside after 4-12 hours if adequate recovery measures are implemented. The foremost evident sport specific finding was a maintained or increased relative anaerobic peak power. Furthermore positive results in maintaining performance for factors such as; Counter Movement-Jump, clean, snatch, judo specific test, and balance test. Conclusion: Although athletes were found dehydrated performance was still maintained in sport specific factors. However, this systematic review also found an overall lack of quality within the studies conducted. Sufficient scientific evidence was not found to draw reliable conclusions, additional studies of higher quality are needed for future reviews.
Syfte och frågeställningar: Studiens syfte var att göra en systematisk granskning kring effekterna av snabb viktreducering (RWL) kopplat till fysiologiska aspekter, psykologiska aspekter, och idrottsspecifik prestation. Studien strävar sedermera efter att undersöka vilka metoder som vanligtvis används för att studera RWL. För detta användes följande frågeställningar: Vilka fysiologiska och psykologiska effekter kan påträffas i samband med RWL, samt hur påverkar effekter av RWL idrottsprestation, vilka metoder används återkommande för att studera effekterna av RWL? Metod: En systematisk granskning har utförts i tre databaser: PubMed, Cochrane Librairy, och SPORTDiscus. Utav 1163 screenade artiklar inkluderades 20 stycken i granskningen. Vidare analys bedrevs med Forsberg & Wengströms kvalitetsgranskning för kvantitativa studier-formulär samt Statens beredning för medicinsk och social utvärderings Risk för systematisk bias-formulär. Resultaten summerades sedan och sammanställdes. Resultat: Det tydligaste resultatet var att idrottarna lider av uttorkning och signifikant förhöjda nivåer av Urine Specific Gravity, USG. Dessutom har nyttjandet av RWL negativ inverkan på både kognitiva funktioner och humör, det påverkar viktiga centrala faktorer som reaktionstid. Däremot har många av de negativa fysiologiska faktorerna avtagit efter 4-12 timmar om adekvata återhämtningsmetoder implementerats. Det främsta idrottsspecifika fyndet var en bibehållen relativ anaerob peak power. Därutöver syntes fler positiva resultat bibehållen prestation hos faktorer såsom; counter movement-jump, frivändningar, ryck, judospecifika tester, och balanstester. Slutsats: Trots att utövarna var dehydrerade bibehölls prestation i sportspecifika faktorer. Denna systematiska granskning fann emellertid också en övergripande bristande kvalitet inom de genomförda studierna. Tillräckliga vetenskaplig evidens har inte visat för att konkludera tillförlitliga slutsatser, ytterligare studier av högre kvalitet behövs för framtida granskningar.
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Books on the topic "Systemic dehydration"

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ABC of Asthma, Allergies and Lupus: Eradicate Asthma - Now! Global Health Solutions, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Systemic dehydration"

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Baruch, Ieroham, Próspero Genina-Soto, Boyka Nenkova, and Josefina Barrera-Cortés. "Neural Model of Osmotic Dehydration Kinetics of Fruits Cubes." In Artificial Intelligence: Methodology, Systems, and Applications, 312–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30106-6_32.

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Nguyen, Hay, Ngoc-Phuong Nguyen, Xuan-Quang Nguyen, and Anh-Duc Le. "An Approach to Optimize the Design of Ultrasonic Transducer for Food Dehydration." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 409–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62324-1_35.

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Mukherjee, Rajib, and Krystal Smith. "Multi-Objective Optimization of TEG Dehydration Process to Mitigate BTEX Emission under Feed Composition Uncertainty." In Optimization for Energy Systems and Supply Chains, 111–32. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003240228-9.

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Rudakov, Oleg, Olga Kukina, and Anatoly Abramenko. "Solving Environmental Problems Caused by the Pulp and Paper Enterprises via Deodorization and Dehydration of Sludge Lignin." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 331–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19868-8_34.

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Viehbeck, Jana, Alexandra Speich, Swetlana Ustinov, Dominik Böck, Michael Wiehl, and Rainer Brück. "Establishment of an In-Silico Model for Simulation of Dehydration Process in Human Skin to Compare Output Parameter with Clinical Study." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 277–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49666-1_22.

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Behera, Gitanjali, Kalpana Rayaguru, and Prakash Kumar Nayak. "Effect of Ultrasound-Assisted Pre-treatment on Osmo-Dehydration Kinetics and Quality of Star Fruit (Averrhoa Carambola L) Slices: An Optimization Study." In Learning and Analytics in Intelligent Systems, 1019–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42363-6_118.

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SU Kucuk, Ozlem, and Nazan Taslidere. "Pemphigus Vulgaris." In Wound Healing - Recent Advances and Future Opportunities [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104814.

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Pemphigus vulgaris is a life-threatening bullous disease characterized by acantholysis resulting in the formation of intraepithelial blebs in the mucous membranes and skin. It is a chronic autoimmune bullous dermatosis caused by the production of autoantibodies against desmoglein 1 and 3. It often begins with blisters and erosions on the oral mucosa, followed by lesions on other mucous membranes and drooping blisters that may spread to the skin. If there is clinical suspicion, the diagnosis can be confirmed by cytological examination, histopathological examination, direct and indirect immunofluorescence tests. Before the introduction of corticosteroids, PV was fatal due to dehydration or secondary systemic infections. The mainstay of treatment is still systemic steroids. Immunosuppressants such as azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil and methotrexate, high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins, CD20 monoclonal antibody Rituximab treatments are used as an adjuvant with steroids in suitable patients and successful results are obtained.
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O’Brien, Sarah. "Gastrointestinal infections." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Jack Satsangi, 3008–24. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0313.

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Gastrointestinal infections, especially diarrhoea and vomiting, are responsible for substantial morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic penalties worldwide. Poor sanitation, inadequate water supplies, and globalization of food production, processing, and retailing increase the risk of large epidemics of food- and waterborne outbreaks of gastrointestinal disease. Acute diarrhoea can be caused by a range of pathogens. Gastrointestinal pathogens usually cause three principal syndromes: acute watery diarrhoea, acute bloody diarrhoea (inflammatory diarrhoea or dysentery), and persistent diarrhoea. They can also cause systemic disease. Patients who do not have high fever (>38.5°C), systemic illness, tenesmus, bloody diarrhoea, a prolonged course (>2 weeks), or dehydration require neither investigation nor treatment. Investigation is required in patients with any of these features, with faecal specimens examined by culture (bacterial pathogens and some protozoa), microscopy (ova, cysts, and parasites), immunoassays (some protozoa and viruses), and molecular methods, usually polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or reverse transcriptase PCR (bacterial toxin genes and viruses). A specific laboratory diagnosis is useful epidemiologically and therapeutically. Oral rehydration therapy is the priority for patients with mild to moderate diarrhoea as long as vomiting is not a major feature. Antimicrobial therapy is not recommended or usually required for uncomplicated diarrhoea, but antibiotic treatment is beneficial for cholera, giardiasis, cyclosporiasis, shigellosis, symptomatic traveller’s diarrhoea, Clostridium difficile diarrhoea, and typhoid. Antimotility drugs are useful in controlling moderate to severe diarrhoea in adults but they are not generally recommended for infants and young children under the age of 4 years. Strict attention to food and water precautions and hand washing helps reduce the risk of gastrointestinal infections. Immunization has not yet proved successful for combating many gastrointestinal pathogens, with the notable exception of rotavirus.
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Paulis, Jacqueline. "Dizziness While Traveling." In Acute Care Casebook, edited by N. Stuart Harris, 12–15. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190865412.003.0003.

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Dizziness has a broad differential diagnosis in any setting. As a result, history and physical examination are critical in assessing cardiovascular, metabolic, central nervous system, and other acute causes. In the setting of dehydration, oral rehydration therapy is generally a safe and effective method of treatment, especially in underresourced areas. This chapter examines a case in which a patient presents with dizziness following cramping, abdominal pain, nausea, and decreased oral intake. Results from a glucose test are normal. Given the symptoms and lack of availability of imaging services, the author address the diagnosis of dehydration and discusses oral rehydration therapy and oral rehydration salts.
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Trauner, Doris A. "Neurological and Cognitive Consequences of Nephropathic Cystinosis." In Cognitive and Behavioral Abnormalities of Pediatric Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195342680.003.0039.

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Nephropathic cystinosis is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deletion mapped to chromosome 17p13. The gene codes for a protein, cystinosin (CTNS), a lysosomal membrane transporter protein. When the CTNS gene is inactivated, the amino acid cystine cannot cross the lysosomal membrane and accumulates in lysosomes. Thus, cystinosis is a lysosomal storage disease. The accumulated cystine forms crystals that can cause damage to multiple organs. Cystinosis is thought to occur with an incidence of 1 in 100,000 live births, although accurate numbers are difficult to obtain because the disease may remain undiagnosed. Cystinosis was first described as a renal tubular disorder in the early 20th century by Fanconi and others (see Gahl et al. 2002 for a review). In 1967, accumulation of cystine within cells was recognized, and the lysosomal transport defect was identified in 1982. The first signs and symptoms of cystinosis are caused by renal tubular dysfunction, with the Fanconi syndrome developing within the first few months of life. Infants develop polyuria, dehydration, vomiting, poor appetite, and excessive thirst. If not recognized and treated early, these infants have failure to thrive and may develop rickets. The diagnosis can be made by assaying the cystine concentration in white blood cells; a level of greater than 2 nmol half-cystine per milligram of protein is diagnostic. The gene can now be sequenced, but this is conducted primarily in research settings and is not readily available clinically. Once diagnosed, treatment with a cystine-depleting agent, cysteamine, can be introduced immediately. The natural history of untreated nephropathic cystinosis is that of progressive renal failure, with renal dialysis and ultimately kidney transplant typically being necessary by the age of 10 years. Even with successful renal transplantation, life expectancy is greatly shortened, with death typically in the third or fourth decade. The reason for the early mortality is that cystinosis affects multiple other organs besides the kidney, and renal transplantation does not prevent the other systemic complications. Although the most prominent manifestations of the disease are renal, other organs are involved to varying degrees.
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Conference papers on the topic "Systemic dehydration"

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Marshall, H., LM Romer, JH Hull, OR Gibson, and P. Kippelen. "P225 Effects of systemic dehydration and subsequent systemic or local rehydration on lung function in healthy individuals." In British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting 2018, QEII Centre, Broad Sanctuary, Westminster, London SW1P 3EE, 5 to 7 December 2018, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2018-212555.382.

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Mitra, Purnayan, and Isshita Kalia. "Process Simulation to Design Dehydration Systems with Separators and Inline Glycol Injection Segment." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22238-ms.

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Abstract Raw natural gas contains methane, ethane, propane, some amounts of heavier hydrocarbons and impurities like water vapour, sulphur compounds, carbon dioxide, nitrogen etc. Presence of these components along with methane reduces the calorific value of the natural gas. Also, high percentage of impurities in natural gas can block pipelines due to hydrate formation during transportation. Therefore, to meet the pipeline specifications, natural gas dehydration plants are used to lower the percentage of water in it. Dehydration of natural gas can be carried out with the help of the adsorbents as well as absorbents. Choosing a dehydrating agent and designing of dehydration plant depends on a number of factors. Gas flow rate, percentage of initial and final water composition, dew point depression attained, and cost are some of the important factors to be considered during designing of dehydration plant. In this paper, we highlight the simulation of a natural gas dehydration process which has an inline glycol injection system and then compare its efficiency with the conventional dehydration system. The cost of setting these two units is also compared. The simulation study shows that the glycol injection system significantly reduces the mole fraction of water in the natural gas.
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Al-Aiderous, Abdullah. "Troubleshooting Gas Dehydration Systems Using Data Analysis." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207390-ms.

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Abstract The objective of this paper is to showcase the successful and innovative troubleshooting data analysis techniques to operate a TEG dehydration system optimally and reduce glycol loss and to meet the product specifications in one of the gas dehydration systems in an upstream gas oil separation plant (GOSP). The gas dehydration system using Triethylene Glycol (TEG) is the most widely used and reliable gas dehydration system in upstream operation. These proven data analysis techniques were used to tackle major and chronic issues associated with gas dehydration system operation that lead to excessive glycol losses, glycol degradation, and off-specification products. Glycol loss is the most important operating problem in the gas dehydration system and it represents a concern to the operation personnel. Most dehydration units are designed for a loss of less than 1 pound of glycol per million standard cubic feet of natural gas treated, depending on the TEG contactor operating temperature. In this paper, comprehensive data analysis of the potential root causes that aggravate undesired glycol losses degradation and off-specification products will be discussed along with solutions to minimize the expected impact. For example, operating the absorption vessel (contactor) or still column at high temperature will increase the glycol loss by vaporization. Also, the glycol losses occurring in the glycol regenerator section are usually caused by excessive reboiler temperature, which causes vaporization or thermal decomposition of glycol (TEG). In addition, excessive top temperature in the still column allows vaporized glycol to escape from the still column with the water vapor. Excessive contactor operating temperature could be the result of malfunction glycol cooler or high TEG flow rate. This paper will focus on a detailed case study in one of the running TEG systems at a gas-oil separation plant.
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Al-Aiderous, Abdullah Younis. "GHG Reduction in Gas Dehydration Using IR 4.0." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210985-ms.

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Abstract The objective of this paper is to showcase the successful and innovative deployment of IR 4.0 Technology in hydrocarbon gas dehydration with the goal of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the Tri Ethylene Glycol (TEG) regeneration systems reboiler fired heaters. Conventionally, Direct and indirect fired heaters are utilized in gas dehydration systems Glycol regeneration to increase the temperature of the water and glycol mixture in order to vaporize water and increase glycol purity, the subject fired heaters utilize a combustion process that incorporates the usage of a mixture of air and natural gas which is in turn generates the required heat and enthalpy. In the majority of these applications high green house gasses (GHG) are dispersed to the atmosphere due to inefficiencies in the combustion process. In addition, high energy losses, equipment life time premature depletion along with significant financial losses associated with unnecessary capital and operating expenditure have plagued the conventional Tri Ethylene Glycol Dehydration and regeneration systems. In this paper, the successful deployment of the patented IR 4.0 methodology in gas dehydration system fired heaters to reduce greenhouse gases will be discussed along with a comprehensive data analysis of the deployment trial test and success story that led to a significant reduction in greenhouse gases, minimization of energy losses and prolonging of equipment lifetime.
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Cárcel, Juan A., Daniele Merone, Domenico Colucci, Davide Fissore, and Neus Sanjuán. "Energy analysis of an ultrasound-assisted atmospheric freeze-drying process for food." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7888.

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Power ultrasounds have been proposed and extensively investigated as an effective way to speed up the atmospheric freeze-drying process, thus making this dehydration process attractive from an industrial viewpoint. Nevertheless, a rigorous investigation on the impact of power ultrasounds on the energy consumed by the process is still missing. This paper aims to investigate this issue. Apple, carrot and eggplant were chosen as representative products with different textures and water content. A mathematical model of the whole plant required to carry out the atmospheric ultrasound-assisted drying process was developed to assess the effect of the operating conditions on the energy consumption. Model parameters were tuned on the basis of the results obtained in a pilot-scale unit, thus allowing the use of the model to simulate the whole industrial dehydration process. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was used as a complementary tool to gain an insight on the environmental impact of the process. Results showed that due to differences in the water diffusivity for the analyzed products, substantial differences in energy consumption can be highlighted. In fact, when the water diffusivity increases, the capacity of the material to move water away also increases and the time to obtain a dry product is thus reduced. Moreover, although the use of ultrasound causes an increase in the hourly energy consumption (kWh·h-1), the total energy consumption of the whole process (kWh) is lower, since the total operation time is reduced. The LCA results highlighted the cooling system as the most critical stage for all the impact categories studied. This is mainly due to the use of ethylene glycol and R-404 in the refrigeration cycle. Nevertheless, when dehydrating low porosity products the energy consumption of the air dryer increased and this stage becomes, the most critical from an environmental point of viewKeywords: atmospheric freeze-drying, ultrasounds, process modeling, LCA.
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Margalith, Israel, Nisan Ozana, Yevgeny Beiderman, Mark Kunin, Javier Garcia, Vicente Mico, and Zeev Zalevsky. "Remote optical sensor of blood coagulation, oximetry and dehydration." In Imaging Systems and Applications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/isa.2014.im4c.6.

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Zak, Jaromir, Dmitry Solovei, Jiri Sedlacek, and Jaromir Hubalek. "Development of wearable medical system for dehydration detection." In 2012 4th Electronic System-Integration Technology Conference (ESTC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/estc.2012.6542216.

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Alamoudi, Saeed M., and Mohammed Abdo Alwani. "Enhancing Upstream Oil Water Separation Efficiency Through Microwave Energy." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211297-ms.

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Abstract The objective of this paper is to showcase the innovative method for the dehydration of wet crude oil using a novel gravity separation vessel and associated systems in upstream gas oil separation plant. The new configuration uses microwave radiation along with other conventional separation methods such as chemicals, heat and electrostatic coalescers. This new technique is intended to be used to tackle major and chronic issues associated with the operation of wet crude handling units that can lead to overall facility production bottleneck and reduced capacity. This issue is common in aging oil fields in which water-oil ratio increases and tight emulsions form. As a result, meeting oil product specification requires major facility upgrade and capital investment that could be difficult to justify. In order to avoid costly upgrades, the addition of microwave energy assisted water separation to existing gravity dehydrator vessel, along with upstream heat exchanger, electrostatic coalescers metallic grids and demulsifer injection is being considered. Microwave electromagnetic radiation offers selective treatment of water molecules when designed for operation in 840 MHz or 2.4 GHz frequencies. This is due to dielectric constant being lossless for oil at selected frequencies while being lossy for water, resulting in high energy dissipation in the form of microwave induced movement of water molecules. To further enhance separation, Faraday cage made from metallic mesh is employed to focus microwave radiations in targeted area, which in our case is the oil-water emulsion area. The mesh structure is also designed to maintain laminar movement and prevent interferences with electrical signals from electrostatic coalescers. Finally, control scheme is also going to be described for optimizing the operation of different separation techniques with the ultimate objective of reducing operating expenses. The vessel offers enhanced treatment through the utilization of microwave energy and mesh structure forming a Faraday cage enabling oil producer to increase throughput while avoiding costly capital expenditures. The novel microwave dehydration design described in this paper was filed under US patent number 17/652,942 and titled "MICROWAVE ASSISTED OIL-WATER SEPARATOR".
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Kulkarni, Nandan, Christopher Compton, Jooseppi Luna, and Mohammad Arif Ul Alam. "A Non-Invasive Context-Aware Dehydration Alert System." In HotMobile '21: The 22nd International Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3446382.3448668.

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Oku, Yuichiro, Hirofumi Tanigawa, and Takaharu Tsuruta. "Numerical Study on Microwave Dehydro-Freezing of Fish Tissues." In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44463.

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In this study, a numerical simulation on the freezing process is carried out to evaluate the effects of pre-dehydration on the quality of frozen fish tissue. We use a simulation model which contains a muscle fiber to express the microscale heat and mass transfer phenomena inside the tissue cell system. Fundamental equations on heat and mass transfer are formulated in a two-dimensional coordinate system. The governing equations include phase-change terms. In order to take account of the characteristic moisture distribution produced by the microwave room-temperature drying, initial moisture distributions are given in this calculation. The numerical results indicate that the control of the water content by the pre-dehydration can shorten the freezing time. It is found that the cell shrinkage ratio is larger than that of the result using uniform distribution. As an increase of pre-dehydration, the central cell significantly shrinks but the surface-layer cell doesn’t shrink so much due to the large cooling rate.
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Reports on the topic "Systemic dehydration"

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Kirchhoff, Helmut, and Ziv Reich. Protection of the photosynthetic apparatus during desiccation in resurrection plants. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699861.bard.

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In this project, we studied the photosynthetic apparatus during dehydration and rehydration of the homoiochlorophyllous resurrection plant Craterostigmapumilum (retains most of the photosynthetic components during desiccation). Resurrection plants have the remarkable capability to withstand desiccation, being able to revive after prolonged severe water deficit in a few days upon rehydration. Homoiochlorophyllous resurrection plants are very efficient in protecting the photosynthetic machinery against damage by reactive oxygen production under drought. The main purpose of this BARD project was to unravel these largely unknown protection strategies for C. pumilum. In detail, the specific objectives were: (1) To determine the distribution and local organization of photosynthetic protein complexes and formation of inverted hexagonal phases within the thylakoid membranes at different dehydration/rehydration states. (2) To determine the 3D structure and characterize the geometry, topology, and mechanics of the thylakoid network at the different states. (3) Generation of molecular models for thylakoids at the different states and study the implications for diffusion within the thylakoid lumen. (4) Characterization of inter-system electron transport, quantum efficiencies, photosystem antenna sizes and distribution, NPQ, and photoinhibition at different hydration states. (5) Measuring the partition of photosynthetic reducing equivalents between the Calvin cycle, photorespiration, and the water-water cycle. At the beginning of the project, we decided to use C. pumilum instead of C. wilmsii because the former species was available from our collaborator Dr. Farrant. In addition to the original two dehydration states (40 relative water content=RWC and 5% RWC), we characterized a third state (15-20%) because some interesting changes occurs at this RWC. Furthermore, it was not possible to detect D1 protein levels by Western blot analysis because antibodies against other higher plants failed to detect D1 in C. pumilum. We developed growth conditions that allow reproducible generation of different dehydration and rehydration states for C. pumilum. Furthermore, advanced spectroscopy and microscopy for C. pumilum were established to obtain a detailed picture of structural and functional changes of the photosynthetic apparatus in different hydrated states. Main findings of our study are: 1. Anthocyan accumulation during desiccation alleviates the light pressure within the leaves (Fig. 1). 2. During desiccation, stomatal closure leads to drastic reductions in CO2 fixation and photorespiration. We could not identify alternative electron sinks as a solution to reduce ROS production. 3. On the supramolecular level, semicrystalline protein arrays were identified in thylakoid membranes in the desiccated state (see Fig. 3). On the electron transport level, a specific series of shut downs occur (summarized in Fig. 2). The main events include: Early shutdown of the ATPase activity, cessation of electron transport between cyt. bf complex and PSI (can reduce ROS formation at PSI); at higher dehydration levels uncoupling of LHCII from PSII and cessation of electron flow from PSII accompanied by crystal formation. The later could severe as a swift PSII reservoir during rehydration. The specific order of events in the course of dehydration and rehydration discovered in this project is indicative for regulated structural transitions specifically realized in resurrection plants. This detailed knowledge can serve as an interesting starting point for rationale genetic engineering of drought-tolerant crops.
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Majumdar, Sudipto. Phase III Xlerator Program: High Performance Hollow Fiber Membranes for Lubricating Fluid Dehydration and Stabilization Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1464601.

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Schaffer, Arthur A., and Jocelyn Rose. Understanding Cuticle Development in Tomato through the Study of Novel Germplasm with Malformed Cuticles. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593401.bard.

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Plant cuticle development and metabolism are still poorly understood, partly due to the chemical complexity of the cuticular layer. The overall research objective was to broaden and deepen our understanding of tomato fruit cuticle development by analyzing novel germplasm with cuticular malformations and by studying the transcriptome and proteome of the fruit epidermal tissues, as strategies to overcome the challenges posed by the recalcitrance of the biological system. During the project we succeeded in identifying two genes with major impact on cuticle development. One of these encoded the first cutin synthase to be identified in plants, a metabolic step that had been a black box in cutin synthesis. In addition genes controlling the triterpenoid components of the cuticle were identified and, most interestingly, genetic variability for this component was identified among the wild tomato species germplasm. Additional germplasm was developed based on interspecific crosses that will allow for the future characterization of modifier genes that interact with the microfissuring gene (CWP) to promote or inhibit fruit cracking. One of the major accomplishments of the joint project was the integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of the fruit cuticle and underlying tissues which allows for the identification of the pericarp cell layers responsible for the extracellular, cuticle-localized protein component. The results of the project have expanded our understanding of tomato fruit cuticle development and its genetic control. In addition, germplasm developed will be useful in developing tomato varieties resistant to cracking, on the one hand, and varieties useful for the dehydration industry on the other.
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