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Mikolic Juznic, Tamara. "A contrastive study of nominalization in the systemic functional framework." Languages in Contrast 12, no. 2 (October 29, 2012): 251–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.12.2.08mik.
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This paper presents a contrastive analysis of nominalization in Italian and Slovene within the framework of systemic functional grammar as described by M.A.K. Halliday and his colleagues. Nominalization is viewed as a type of grammatical metaphor whereby processes which are congruently realized by verbs are metaphorically realized by nouns expressing the same process as those verbs. The frequency of nominalization varies greatly among languages as well as among genres within a language, and may cause problems when two languages interact, e.g. in translation, especially when one of the two languages seems less prone to use this kind of grammatical metaphor than the other. In the present study, an analysis is carried out of a 2.5 million-token parallel corpus of Italian source texts and their Slovene translations, particularly with regard to the different translation equivalents that may appear in the translated texts, which is partly dependent of the type of process involved.
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Fattah, Ashraf, and Rashid Yahiaoui. "Contrastive Analysis of Concessive Conjunctions in Translated and Non-translated Arabic Texts: An Exploratory Study." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 10, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.10n.4p.28.
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This study seeks to contribute to addressing a gap in theory-driven corpus-based research focused on the so-called translation specific features (TSF) in Arabic translated texts. It provides a contrastive Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL)-informed analysis of concessive/contrastive connective markers in a selected comparable corpus made up of translated and non-translated Arabic texts. This area of corpus-based research has been mainly driven by an interest in the linguistic features distinguishing translated from non-translated texts. The characteristic feature of the present study is the fact that it is based on a comparable corpus of translated and non-translated texts written by the same authors in more or less the same genre. Based on a comparison of concordance data, the study will highlight some interesting patterns of difference in the types and frequencies of concessive conjunctions used, as well as ‘explicitating’ and ‘upgrading’ tendencies between the two components of the corpus. Viewed from an SFL perspective, some such differences do not seem to be triggered by the English source texts involved or dictated by contrastive linguistic requirements but rather by the translation process itself.
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Hu, Xiaoying. "Experimental Metafunction Study of Ode to the West Wind and Its Chinese Translations." English Language and Literature Studies 7, no. 2 (May 30, 2017): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v7n2p151.
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Guided by Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics, this paper attempts to apply functional approach to translation studies by making a contrastive analysis of Shelley’s Ode to the West Wind and its two Chinese versions from the perspective of Experimental Metafunction. It aims to exemplify how a literary text, especially for poetry, can be interpreted properly and systematically with the assistance of linguistic theories, and also testify the applicability of Systemic Functional Linguistics to translation studies, both in English and Chinese.
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Yang, LIU. "The Methodology of Discourse Research from a Sociolinguistic Perspective." IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies 14, no. 2 (March 5, 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jems.v14.n2.p1.
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<p>Systemic Function Linguistics is a mainstream thought of sociolinguistic research and can be a theoretical model and the research methodology of linguistic research. Based on a combination of Systemic Function Linguistics and Sociological Discourse Analysis, this study adopts the thematic progression, ideational function, and interpersonal function to analyze discourses which come from daily used information, to dissect the information to see the discourse structure, in order to advantage the discourse contrastive research for further studies.</p>
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Carretero, Marta, and Asunción Villamil-Touriño. "A contrastive study of verbs of remembering and forgetting in English and Spanish." Languages in Contrast 11, no. 1 (March 22, 2011): 40–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.11.1.05car.
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This article presents a contrastive study of the verbs REMEMBER, FORGET and REMIND and their Spanish equivalents RECORDAR, ACORDARSE and OLVIDAR(SE), from a broad systemic-functional perspective. Through a database built with occurrences obtained from authentic corpora, a quantitative analysis was carried out on these verbs in terms of spoken and written mode and a number of clausal factors: mood, syntax and semantics of the Phenomenon, voice, polarity, person and modality. These factors were considered both individually and in relation to one another. The analysis uncovered similarities in the use of the English and Spanish verbs and, more significantly, a number of differences, due to a diversity of factors such as mode, lexical distribution, grammatical features and type of discourse, as well as politeness and other pragmatic reasons.
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Liping, Chen. "Analyzing Interpersonal Metafunction through Personal Pronouns in Song Ci Jiang Cheng Zi. Ji Meng." Studies in English Language Teaching 5, no. 1 (February 20, 2017): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/selt.v5n1p71.
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<p><em>Interpersonal metafunction has been studied in the four translated versions of Song Ci Jiang Cheng Zi. Ji Meng through </em><em>contrastive analysis</em><em> with the focus on personal pronouns. It aims to find out that the use of different personal pronouns connotes different interpersonal meaning and test the</em><em> feasibility and applicability of Systemic Functional Grammar to discourse analysis.</em><em> It also helps people who love Song Ci better appreciate this Ci-poem from a different angle.</em></p>
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Nikulicheva, Dina. "Chekalina E.M. Semantic Aspects of Swedish Grammar: A Systemic-functional and Contrastive-typological Analysis. Moscow. МАКS Press, 2017. 196 p." Stephanos. Peer reviewed multilanguage scientific journal 23, no. 3 (May 31, 2017): 240–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24249/2309-9917-2017-23-3-240-242.
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Butiurca, Doina. "Language of the Hand in Indo-European Idioms." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 9, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausp-2017-0029.
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AbstractThe research starts from the assertion that there is an interdependent rapport between cultural forms and the experiential field, necessary for the dynamics of cultural development. The general objective of our approach is the development of a system of relations ordered by human experience for linguistic vitality (of a language/group of [kindred] languages) in the mental and cultural fields. Particular/experiential takes on the concepts of “right”/“left”, the systemic extension of significances in linguistics, religion, moral mentality, and culture of peoples of the world stand as secondary objectives of the research. Application is made to pan-Latin languages, Hungarian, and English. Synchronic and diachronic analysis, contrastive method, and cognitive approach are but a few of the research methods. The first of the conclusions to be drawn is that the diachronic dynamics of a culture is ensured by the systemic relations between human experience, language, mentality, and others.
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Wang, Donghui. "A Study of Trump’s Inaugural Speech and Its Chinese Version from the Perspective of Transitivity." International Journal of English Linguistics 9, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n1p185.
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In linguistics, Systemic Functional Linguistic School represented by Halliday has been having a great impact in the field of discourse analysis in the past 30 years and has become one of the important discourse analysis schools. As a significant part, transitivity reflects the ideational function in the systemic functional grammar and boasts a wide application in discourse analysis, such as in speeches. This paper has selected Trump’s inaugural speech and its Chinese version as a case study for sample and quantitative analysis of underlying textual features of political speeches from the perspective of Halliday’s transitivity, attempting to help readers get a better understanding of transitivity theory and features of political speeches, as well as consequently master the method of applying transitivity to political speeches. Furthermore, by way of a contrastive analysis of transitivity between Trump’s inaugural speech and its Chinese translation, it tries to delve into the translation strategies of political speeches, to guide practice translation of political speeches, to prove the applicability of transitivity in translation studies and to offer a creative angle for further researches.
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Yanko, Tatiana. "The system of the Russian prosody." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 317–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.5992.
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This paper is aimed at illustrating the phenomenon of compositionality in the system of the communicative meanings and their prosodic means of expression. The regularity in combining the communicative meanings is illustrated by the compositions of 1) the illocutionary meanings, 2) the meaning of discourse incompleteness, and 3) the meaning of communicative contrast. It is demonstrated that discourse incompleteness functions not only within the row of statements which constitute a connected text, but also within sequences of questions, including the contrastive contexts. The systemic method of analysis has been applied therefore to the description of a fragment of linguistic pragmatics. The material for the analysis is a minor working corpus of the sound speech specifically set up for this investigation on the basis the Russian National corpus.
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Więcławska, Edyta. "Discrete units as markers of English/Polish contrasts in company registration discourse." Linguodidactica 24 (2020): 309–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/lingdid.2020.24.22.
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The paper addresses the issue of the complexity of legal communication in an interlingual perspective. The analysis fits in the paradigmatic approach to contrastive studies, where the distribution of discrete units is presented in quantitative terms. The cross-linguistic, computational account of the distribution of selected discrete units across company registration documentation shows systemic distinctions. It discloses recurrent, symmetrical and asymmetrical patterns which result from language system-inherent distinctions and/or the operation of translation universals. The strong point of the research lies in addressing legal communication within the realm of secondary genres, which – for practical reasons – are underrepresented in jurilinguistic studies. The study is based on a custom -designed, parallel corpus comprised of authentic materials.
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Mosleh Mohammed, Mahmood. "(сопоставительный анализ фразеологических единиц лексико-семантического поля " на материале арабского и русского языков") (comparative analysis of phraseological units in the lexical-semantic field "on the material of Arabic and Russian languages")." Journal of the College of languages, no. 42 (June 1, 2020): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2020.0.42.0133.
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Установление системного характера лексики, ее взаимосвязи с другими языковыми системами, их взаимозависимость создают возможность всестороннего научного изучения и описания лексической системы каждого языка, а также контрастивно-сопоставительного изучения нескольких языков, в том числе их фразеологического состава. Известно, что не все слова-компоненты фразеологизмов равнозначны по своей роли в формировании семантического содержания фразеологизмов. В связи с этим необходимо ввести понятие лексической доминанты. К ним мы относим слова, являющиеся своеобразными центрами, вокруг которых формируется весь семантический комплекс фразеологизмов, весь набор его слов-компонентов. Abstract Establishing the systemic character of vocabulary, its relationship with other language systems, their interdependence creates the possibility of a comprehensive scientific study and description of the lexical system of each language, as well as contrastive comparative studies of several languages, including their phraseological composition. It is known that not all words-components of phraseological units are equivalent in their role in the formation of the semantic content of phraseological units. In this regard, it is necessary to introduce the concept of a lexical dominant. To this we include words, which are kind of centers around which the entire semantic complex of phraseological units, the entire set of its words-components are formed
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Orts Llopis, María Ángeles. "The expression of emotion in institutionalized legal opinion." Specialised Translation in Spain 30, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 611–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/resla.00009.ort.
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Abstract The present work carries out a contrastive study of interpersonal devices between two corpora of legal opinion in English and Spanish, with a view to assessing the different use that is made in these languages of the indicators of emotion, evaluation and appreciation as to the ideational context of these texts. The antecedents of the present study are found in the Appraisal theory, which constitutes the interpretation of Halliday’s (1994/2004) Systemic-Functional Linguistics by the Sydney School. Through the analysis of an ad-hoc corpus of forty opinion columns from two prestigious and influential newspapers, El País and The New York Times, aims to understand how the use of the different evaluation resources advocated by Appraisal theory (Affect, Judgment and Appreciation) varies depending on the way legal opinion articles as genres are conceived in the languages and cultures under scrutiny. In other words, it tries to deepen into the different application of the prototypical rhetorical strategies used to express emotion and evaluation, through which the different ideological positions of the institutionalized press are naturalized.
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Lavrova, Nataliya, and Elena Nikulina. "Advanced Russian EFL Learners’ Awareness of Idiomatic Synonymy, Antonymy, and Polysemy." Journal of Language and Education 6, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/jle.2020.9689.
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Foreign language acquisition is notoriously constrained by learners’ lack of awareness of the systemic relations that are obtained among stable multiple-unit lexical items. This results in learners’ inability to variegate their performance (both written and oral) with idioms that stand in complementary (synonymy) or contrastive (antonymy) distribution to one another. Nor are learners typically able to distinguish between the multiple senses of English idioms. Given these impedimenta, the present research investigates the degree of entrenchment of idiomatic synonymy, antonymy, and polysemy and, on the back of it, sets the agenda for partial revision of the practice of exposing learners to English idioms. Data were collected to investigate the knowledge of idiomatic synonymy, antonymy, and polysemy amongst Russian EFL learners. The results of the ANOVA analysis revealed that the degree of awareness of the major types of idiomatic paradigmatic relations significantly differed between the groups, with learners being more aware of synonymy and polysemy than antonymy. The findings suggest that current EFL materials and dictionaries need to be updated and revisited with a view to exposing foreign learners to an extended network of paradigmatic idiomatic relations.
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Dupont, Maïté. "Placement patterns of English and French conjunctive adjuncts of contrast." Languages in Contrast 20, no. 2 (October 6, 2020): 263–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.00018.dup.
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Abstract In many languages, conjunctive adjuncts (e.g. however, therefore) are syntactically mobile. Several corpus-based contrastive studies have shown that languages differ in the positions that they tend to prefer for conjunctive adjuncts. However, the studies available have formulated general cross-linguistic differences in placement for languages as wholes, without considering the possibility that such contrasts may be influenced by register. The objective of this paper is to investigate and compare the placement patterns of English and French conjunctive adjuncts of contrast in two written registers (viz. editorials and research articles) in order to measure the impact of register variation on the differences between these two languages. The results suggest that, although register variation plays a significant role on placement within each language system, language is a better predictor of placement than register, since cross-linguistic differences in placement between English and French are stable across communicative situations. In a second stage, the results obtained in the comparable corpus study are complemented with the analysis of translation data, with a view to assessing the translators’ degree of awareness of the inherent word order preferences of the target language. The study is grounded in the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics and relies on the notions of Theme and Rheme to describe conjunctive adjunct placement.
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Ping, Kuang, and Liu Lingling. "Application of Interpersonal Meaning in Hillary’s and Trump’s Election Speeches." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 8, no. 6 (December 25, 2017): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.8n.6p.28.
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Presidential election speeches, as one significant part of western political life, deserve people’s attention. This paper focuses on the use of interpersonal meaning in political speeches. The nine texts selected from the Internet are analyzed from the perspectives of mood, modality, personal pronoun and tense system based on the theory of Halliday’s Systemic Functional Grammar. It aims to study the way how interpersonal meaning is realized through language by making the contrastive analysis of the speeches given by Hillary and Trump. After making a minute analysis, the paper comes to the following conclusions: (1) As for mood, Trump and Hillary mainly employ the declarative to deliver messages and make statements, and imperative is used to motivate the audiences and narrow the gap between the candidates and the audiences, and interrogative is to make the audiences concentrate on the content of the speeches. (2) With respect to the modality system, the median modal operator holds the dominant position in both Trump’s and Hillary’s speeches to make the speeches less aggressive. In this aspect, Trump does better than Hillary. (3) In regard to personal pronoun, the plural form of first personal pronoun is mainly employed by the two candidates to close the relationship with audiences. (4) Regards to tense system, simple present tense are mostly used to establish the intimacy of the audiences and the candidates. Then two influential factors are discussed. One is their personal background and the other is their language levels. This paper is helpful for people to deeply understand the two candidates’ language differences.
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Neumann, Stella. "Cross-linguistic register studies." Languages in Contrast 14, no. 1 (March 4, 2014): 35–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.14.1.03neu.
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This paper discusses register as a meaningful unit of contrastive linguistics and translation studies. Drawing on systemic functional register theory, it categorizes different approaches to register-oriented cross-linguistic studies emphasizing either the comparison of contrasted features organized by register or that of registers using features as operationalizations. The approach is exemplified with the help of sample analyses of the English-German CroCo Corpus, a corpus containing originals and translations from eight different registers. In order to account for the systematic contrastive differences in frequencies of compared features, the magnitude of difference between register-specific and register-neutral frequencies is contrasted. The paper finally discusses complex register-specific combinations of indicators and shows how these help to identify translation properties.
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Devereaux, Abigail N., and Richard E. Wagner. "Contrasting Visions for Macroeconomic Theory: DSGE and OEE." American Economist 65, no. 1 (November 15, 2018): 28–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0569434518810506.
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Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) modeling remains the workhorse of contemporary macroeconomics despite a growing number of critiques of its ability to explain the aggregate properties of an economic system. For the most part, those critiques accept the DSGE presumption that traditional macro data are primitive, causal data. This leads to a stipulative style of analysis where macro variables are explained in terms of one another. In contrast, we set forth an open-ended evolutionary (OEE) framework for an OEE macroeconomics. Within this framework, systems data are not primitive, but are derived from prior microlevel interactions without any presumption that those macrolevel derivations reflect systemic equilibrium among the microlevel primitive sources of action. We explore some contours of an OEE framework by placing coordination games within an ecological setting where there is no agent who has universal knowledge relevant to that ecology of games.JEL Classifications: B40, C73, D51, D85, E02
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Caffarel, Alice, and Elizabeth Rechniewski. "A systemic functional approach to analysing and interpreting ideology: an illustration from French editorials." Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses, no. 22 (November 15, 2009): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/raei.2009.22.03.
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This article proposes a methodology for the analysis of ideology drawing on systemic functional theory and using as a case study two French editorials. Editorials - which offer an interpretation of key events intended to give an overall direction to the reader’s understanding of the world - are a privileged site for the construal of opinion and therefore for the analysis of ideology and evaluative language in journalistic discourse. In this article we undertake an analysis of appraisal resources and transitivity in two editorials from French newspapers of contrasting political orientation, Le Figaro and Libération, to highlight how they construe ideology through the foregrounding of particular patterns of linguistic choices. We will show how these patterns interact in the text to convey the ideology of each newspaper and to persuade the reader to adopt its perspective on the event (the kidnaping of two French journalists) and on the action/position that should be taken.
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Iivari, Juhani, Rudy Hirschheim, and Heinz K. Klein. "A Paradigmatic Analysis Contrasting Information Systems Development Approaches and Methodologies." Information Systems Research 9, no. 2 (June 1998): 164–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/isre.9.2.164.
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Forte, Francesco, Alessio Buonaiuto, Ilenia Calcaterra, Gabriella Iannuzzo, Pasquale Ambrosino, and Matteo Nicola Dario Di Minno. "Association of systemic lupus erythematosus with peripheral arterial disease: a meta-analysis of literature studies." Rheumatology 59, no. 11 (August 13, 2020): 3181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keaa414.
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Abstract Objective SLE patients have an increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Contrasting data are available about the association between peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and SLE. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis of studies evaluating the association between SLE and PAD. Methods Studies were systematically searched in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and EMBASE databases according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. Results Eight studies reporting on 263 258 SLE patients and 768 487 controls showed that the prevalence of PAD was 15.8% (95% CI: 10.5%, 23.2%) in SLE patients and 3.9% (95% CI: 1.8%, 7.9%) in controls with a corresponding odds ratio of 4.1 (95% CI: 1.5, 11.6; P <0.001). In addition, five studies reporting on ankle-brachial index showed significantly lower values in 280 SLE patients as compared with 201 controls (mean difference: −0.018; 95% CI: −0.034, −0.001; P =0.033). Meta-regression models showed that age, hypertension and diabetes were inversely associated with the difference in the prevalence of PAD between SLE patients and non-SLE controls, whereas no effect for all the other clinical and demographic variables on the evaluated outcome was found. Conclusion SLE patients exhibit an increased prevalence of PAD and lower ankle-brachial index values as compared with non-SLE controls. This should be considered when planning prevention, interventional and rehabilitation strategies for these chronic patients with functional disability and poor long-term outcomes.
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Nikolaev, Sergei, Marina Sukhomlinova, and Svetlana Nikolaeva. "Systemic genre-and-style relations in the english-language student academic essay: paradigmatics, sintagmatics, epidigmatics." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 12165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127312165.
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This work is focused on the problem of genre specificity within the English language academic discourse of today. The goal of the research is to reveal and analyze system relations regularly and steadily showing themselves within one definite genre of the student essay, their significance and role in the official university communicative space. The abovesaid relations can be found at both the structural level, i.e. in the special text arrangement of essays, and at the conceptual level of the genre. The basic investigation methods are: interpretation and classification of the material; linguistic observation and description; componential analysis of dictionary definitions; comparison and contrasting; linguistic, functional and stylistic, genre analysis of the text; context and discourse analysis; argumentative illustration tool. The practical value can be viewed as a possibility to apply the investigation results in teaching; e.g. during the courses of English, language culture studies, linguadidactics, cross-cultural pragmatics. The authors conclude that student essay text demonstrate closely interweaving paradigmatic, syntagmatic and epidigmatic links. Paradigmatics is represented by semantic and conceptual categories of systemity, integrity, cohesion and closeness. Discourse syntagmatic categories are characterized by linguosemantic consistency, linearity, remoteness, parallelism. Epidigmatic systemity can be traced as the availability of derivative words.
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Bertoldi, Carlo, Michele Lalla, John Mauricio Pradelli, Pierpaolo Cortellini, Andrea Lucchi, and Davide Zaffe. "Risk factors and socioeconomic condition effects on periodontal and dental health: A pilot study among adults over fifty years of age." European Journal of Dentistry 07, no. 03 (July 2013): 336–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.115418.
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ABSTRACT Objective: Observational studies on the association among systemic/general and oral cavity indices, tooth loss, periodontal conditions, and socioeconomic inequalities are to be still performed in the population of Southern Europe. This study aims to determine the extent of this relationship among Italian healthy adults 50 years of age and above. Materials and Methods: Socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics, cardiovascular indicators, and systemic indices were examined by contrasting the dental indices among adult people of Northern Italy. Data were processed through correlation analysis, and multivariate analysis was carried out using seemingly unrelated regressions. Results: A total of 118 adults 50 years of age and above, after anamnesis, underwent systemic and dental examination. Their socioeconomic status was found to be inversely associated only with smoking and dental parameters. Unexpected outcomes between lifestyle and risk factors were detected. The statistical analysis showed an uneven correlation among dental indices and between those indices and the socioeconomic status, such as, a periodontal condition, apparently free from influences, unusually became worse as the socioeconomic status enhanced. Conclusions: The study outcomes indicate a relationship between tooth loss and conservative endodontic therapy, but they result in alternative choices. Nevertheless, the socioeconomic status has an inverse relationship with tooth loss and conservative endodontic therapy, but a direct relation with worsening of the periodontal condition. This pilot study highlights a need for the public health administration to adopt a socioeconomic assessment not only based on the household income, but also to accordingly improve its therapeutic course.
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Lipovsky, Caroline. "Cycling the city." Language, Context and Text 2, no. 2 (September 18, 2020): 334–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/langct.19012.lip.
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Abstract Using articles from two major French newspapers of contrasting ideological viewpoints, this study seeks to explore their representation of cycling the city, and their potential to position readers to view cycling favourably or unfavourably. The analysis, drawing on systemic functional linguistics’ appraisal framework, highlights the ways in which readers of both Le Figaro and Le Monde are positioned to take a positive view of cycling through their listings of the benefits of cycling or praise of bicycle-sharing systems. Conversely, readers may embrace a negative view through their reading about cycling casualties and safety issues. The analysis also shows that a reader of Le Monde might feel more inclined to take up cycling than a reader of Le Figaro.
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Collange, Béatrice, Mireille Navarrete, Françoise Montfort, Thierry Mateille, Johannes Tavoillot, Bernard Martiny, and Marc Tchamitchian. "Alternative cropping systems can have contrasting effects on various soil-borne diseases: Relevance of a systemic analysis in vegetable cropping systems." Crop Protection 55 (January 2014): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2013.10.002.
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Dedeke, Adenekan, and Katherine Masterson. "Contrasting cybersecurity implementation frameworks (CIF) from three countries." Information & Computer Security 27, no. 3 (July 8, 2019): 373–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ics-10-2018-0122.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore the evolution of a trend in which countries are developing or adopting cybersecurity implementation frameworks that are intended to be used nationally. This paper contrasts the cybersecurity frameworks that have been developed in three countries, namely, Australia, UK and USA. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses literature review and qualitative document analysis for the study. The paper developed and used an assessment matrix as its coding protocol. The contents of the three cybersecurity frameworks were then scored to capture the degree to which they covered the themes/items of the cybersecurity assessment matrix. Findings The analysis found that the three cybersecurity frameworks are oriented toward the risk management approach. However, the frameworks also had notable differences with regard to the security domains that they cover. For example, one of the frameworks did not offer guidelines with regard to what to do to respond to attacks or to plan for recovery. Originality/value The results of this study are beneficial to policymakers in the three countries targeted, as they are able to gain insights about how their cybersecurity frameworks compares to those of the other two countries. Such knowledge would be useful as decision-makers take steps to improve their existing frameworks. The results of this study are also beneficial to executives who have branches in all three countries. In such cases, security professionals could deploy the most comprehensive framework across all three countries and then extend the deployment in each location to meet country-specific requirements.
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Turner, Irina. "Axing the Rainbow." Modern Africa: Politics, History and Society 7, no. 1 (July 8, 2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26806/modafr.v7i1.244.
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Today, the Rainbow Nation as the central metaphor for postapartheid South Africa falls short of serving as a unifying identification marker due to its tendency to gloss over contrasting living realities of diversified identities and ongoing systemic discrimination. The South African Fallism movements – the student-driven protests against neocolonial structures in academic institutions – spearheaded public criticism with the current state of ongoing social disparity in South Africa and revived the critique of so-called rainbowism, i.e., the belief that a colour-blind society can be created. In an application of Critical Discourse Analysis focusing on mythical metaphors, this article asks to what extent the new president Cyril Ramaphosa in his maiden State of the Nation Address projected a post-Zuma South African nation and answered to the challenges posed by Fallists.
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Janssen, Emiel A. M., Paul J. van Diest, Håvard Søiland, Einar Gudlaugson, Arne Nysted, Feja J. Voorhorst, Jan B. Vermorken, Jon-Arne Søreide, and Jan P. A. Baak. "Success Predictors of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Node-Negative Breast Cancer Patients Under 55 years1." Analytical Cellular Pathology 28, no. 5-6 (January 1, 2006): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2006/152341.
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Background: Adjuvant systemic chemotherapy (ASCT) in lymph node-negative breast (LN−) cancers improves survival. The majority of (LN−) patients receive ASCT when the St. Gallen criteria or its modifications are used, as accurate identifiers which patients benefit from ASCT are lacking. This may imply over-treatment in many patients. Aim: To evaluate which patients or primary tumor factors predict ASCT success. Material and method: Retrospective analysis by single and multivariate survival analysis of clinical and tumor characteristics in (LN−) breast cancers <55 years, related to ASCT (n = 125) or-not (n = 516). Results: The two patient groups did not differ in age, tumor diameter, grade, type, number of mitoses and other factors. Fourteen-year survival for the ASCT and non-ASCT patients was 83% and 74% (Hazard Ratio = HR = 0.33; p < 0.0001, 9% absolute = 12% relative difference). Subgroup analysis showed that the recurrence-free survival = RFS of ASCT treated vs. non-treated patients differed in patients with grade 1 cancers (p = 0.008), grade 2 cancers (p = 0.004), grades 3 (p = 0.02), tumors under and ≧2 cm (p = 0.001 and 0.0002), oestrogen receptor-positive or -negative tumors (p = 0.003, 0.04), MAI < 10 and ≧10 (p = 0.005, 0.003) and fibrotic focus absent (p = 0.002). With multivariate analysis the most important predictor of ASCT effect was the MAI. In patients with slowly proliferating tumors (MAI < 3) no advantage was found between patients treated-or-not with adjuvant chemotherapy (RFS = 92% and 91%, p = 0.13, p = 0.63 for overall survival), contrasting those with MAI ≧ 3 (p = 0.0001; HR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.18–0.58). Conclusion: MAI is the strongest predictor of adjuvant systemic chemotherapy success. In patients with MAI < 3 (31% of all patients), ASCT does not improve survival.
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Mesa, A., M. Fernandez, W. Wu, G. Narasimhan, EL Greidinger, and D. K. Mills. "Can SLE classification rules be effectively applied to diagnose unclear SLE cases?" Lupus 26, no. 2 (July 11, 2016): 150–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203316655212.
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Objective The objective of this paper is to develop novel classification criteria to distinguish between unclear systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) cases. Methods A total of 205 variables from 111 SLE and 55 MCTD patients were evaluated to uncover unique molecular and clinical markers for each disease. Binomial logistic regressions (BLRs) were performed on currently used SLE and MCTD classification criteria sets to obtain six reduced models with power to discriminate between unclear SLE and MCTD patients that were confirmed by receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Decision trees were employed to delineate novel classification rules to discriminate between unclear SLE and MCTD patients. Results SLE and MCTD patients exhibited contrasting molecular markers and clinical manifestations. Furthermore, reduced models highlighted SLE patients exhibiting prevalence of skin rashes and renal disease while MCTD cases show dominance of myositis and muscle weakness. Additionally decision tree analyses revealed a novel classification rule tailored to differentiate unclear SLE and MCTD patients (Lu-vs-M) with an overall accuracy of 88%. Conclusions Validation of our novel proposed classification rule (Lu-vs-M) includes novel contrasting characteristics (calcinosis, CPK elevated and anti-IgM reactivity for U1-70K, U1A and U1C) between SLE and MCTD patients and showed a 33% improvement in distinguishing these disorders when compared to currently used classification criteria sets. Pending additional validation, our novel classification rule is a promising method to distinguish between patients with unclear SLE and MCTD diagnosis.
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Kharatyan, Aschot, Julian Tekaat, Sergej Japs, Harald Anacker, and Roman Dumitrescu. "METAMODEL FOR SAFETY AND SECURITY INTEGRATED SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE MODELING." Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (July 27, 2021): 2027–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.464.
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AbstractAs digitization progresses, the integration of information and communication technologies in technical systems is constantly increasing. Fascinating value potentials are emerging (e.g. autonomous driving), but also challenges in the system development. The constantly increasing product complexity and degree of networking require a systemic development, which is fulfilled by established approaches of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE). To ensure the reliability of tomorrow's systems, an integrative and early consideration of security and safety is additionally required. In order to show the possibility and consequences of failures and attacks, the paper develops a modeling language that links established and partly isolated security and safety approaches within a consistent metamodel. The developer is enabled to synthesize system architectures transparently on an interdisciplinary level and to analyze attack and failure propagation integratively. The approach uncovers synergetic and especially contrasting goals and effects of architectural designs in terms of safety and security in order to make adequate architectural decisions based on trade-off analyses.
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Jin, Yang, Rolf E. Olsen, Gareth B. Gillard, Mari-Ann Østensen, Sven A. Korsvoll, Nina Santi, Jon O. Vik, Simen R. Sandve, and Yngvar Olsen. "A systemic study of lipid metabolism regulation in salmon fingerlings and early juveniles fed plant oil." British Journal of Nutrition 120, no. 6 (August 1, 2018): 653–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114518001885.
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AbstractIn salmon farming, the scarcity of fish oil has driven a shift towards the use of plant-based oil from vegetable or seed, leading to fish feed low in long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) and cholesterol. Atlantic salmon has the capacity to synthesise both LC-PUFA and cholesterol, but little is known about the regulation of synthesis and how it varies throughout salmon life span. Here, we present a systemic view of lipid metabolism pathways based on lipid analyses and transcriptomic data from salmon fed contrasting diets of plant or fish oil from first feeding. We analysed four tissues (stomach, pyloric caeca, hindgut and liver) at three life stages (initial feeding 0·16 g, 2·5 g fingerlings and 10 g juveniles). The strongest response to diets higher in plant oil was seen in pyloric caeca of fingerlings, with up-regulation of thirty genes in pathways for cholesterol uptake, transport and biosynthesis. In juveniles, only eleven genes showed differential expression in pyloric caeca. This indicates a higher requirement of dietary cholesterol in fingerlings, which could result in a more sensitive response to plant oil. The LC-PUFA elongation and desaturation pathway was down-regulated in pyloric caeca, probably regulated bysrebp1genes. In liver, cholesterol metabolism and elongation and desaturation genes were both higher on plant oil. Stomach and hindgut were not notably affected by dietary treatment. Plant oil also had a higher impact on fatty acid composition of fingerlings compared with juveniles, suggesting that fingerlings have less metabolic regulatory control when primed with plant oil diet compared with juveniles.
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Wong, Timothy L., and Danielle J. Weitzer. "Long COVID and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)—A Systemic Review and Comparison of Clinical Presentation and Symptomatology." Medicina 57, no. 5 (April 26, 2021): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57050418.
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Background and Objectives: Long COVID defines a series of chronic symptoms that patients may experience after resolution of acute COVID-19. Early reports from studies with patients with long COVID suggests a constellation of symptoms with similarities to another chronic medical illness—myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). A review study comparing and contrasting ME/CFS with reported symptoms of long COVID may yield mutualistic insight into the characterization and management of both conditions. Materials and Methods: A systemic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE and PsycInfo through to 31 January 2021 for studies related to long COVID symptomatology. The literature search was conducted in accordance with PRISMA methodology. Results: Twenty-one studies were included in the qualitative analysis. Long COVID symptoms reported by the included studies were compared to a list of ME/CFS symptoms compiled from multiple case definitions. Twenty-five out of 29 known ME/CFS symptoms were reported by at least one selected long COVID study. Conclusions: Early studies into long COVID symptomatology suggest many overlaps with clinical presentation of ME/CFS. The need for monitoring and treatment for patients post-COVID is evident. Advancements and standardization of long COVID research methodologies would improve the quality of future research, and may allow further investigations into the similarities and differences between long COVID and ME/CFS.
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Smith, Meg, and Gillian Whitehouse. "Wage-setting and gender pay equality in Australia: Advances, retreats and future prospects." Journal of Industrial Relations 62, no. 4 (June 9, 2020): 533–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185620926220.
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This article re-examines the main principle applied in the pursuit of gender equality in Australian wage-setting systems (equal remuneration for work of equal value) through the lens of a typology of contrasting approaches to gender (and overall) wage equality. It focuses on landmark legislative initiatives and cases over four epochs in Australian wage-setting history, from the first national equal pay case in 1969 to current provisions under the Fair Work Act. Our analysis indicates that there is no guarantee of a progressive trajectory, from narrowly conceived strategies that limit comparisons to the same work, through the revaluation of female-dominated work, to a more comprehensive approach capable of redressing systemic disadvantage. Rather, the Australian pattern has been one of advances, retreats and constantly changing barriers. We argue that although the principle of equal remuneration for work of equal value has potential to challenge the reproduction of gender inequalities within wage-setting systems, this is highly contingent on the strategies in place and ultimately requires recognition that wage disparities reflect the accumulation of structural inequalities and gendered practices.
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Shaw, David D., David J. Coates, and Michael L. Arnold. "Complex patterns of chromosomal variation along a latitudinal cline in the grasshopper Caledia captiva." Genome 30, no. 2 (April 1, 1988): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g88-019.
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An analysis of chromosomal variation along a 1500-km latitudinal cline in the Moreton subspecies of Caledia captiva has revealed the existence of complex and systemic changes to genome structure. These changes involved variation in the position of the centromere on every chromosome, from medial locations in northern populations to more distal or terminal locations in the southern populations. At the ends of this genomic cline, two contrasting chromosomal patterns were evident. In the north, the genome was fixed for metacentric chromosomes whereas at the southern limit, the genome was homozygous for acrocentric and telocentric chromosomes. Intermediate populations showed highly complex patterns of chromosomal polymorphisms. All populations along the cline were homogeneous for mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms, highly repeated DNA sequences, and allozyme variation, with no evidence of genetic differentiation or inhibition of gene flow. It is argued that these complex patterns of genomic change reveal evidence of an adaptive role for both fixed and polymorphic chromosomal rearrangements within the same taxon.Key words: chromosome variation, natural selection, Caledia, grasshopper.
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Norman, Joel. "Two visual systems and two theories of perception: An attempt to reconcile the constructivist and ecological approaches." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25, no. 1 (February 2002): 73–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x0200002x.
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The two contrasting theoretical approaches to visual perception, the constructivist and the ecological, are briefly presented and illustrated through their analyses of space and size perception. Earlier calls for their reconciliation and unification are reviewed. Neurophysiological, neuropsychological, and psychophysical evidence for the existence of two quite distinct visual systems, the ventral and the dorsal, is presented. These two perceptual systems differ in their functions; the ventral system's central function is that of identification, while the dorsal system is mainly engaged in the visual control of motor behavior. The strong parallels between the ecological approach and the functioning of the dorsal system, and between the constructivist approach and the functioning of the ventral system are noted. It is also shown that the experimental paradigms used by the proponents of these two approaches match the functions of the respective visual systems. A dual-process approach to visual perception emerges from this analysis, with the ecological-dorsal process transpiring mainly without conscious awareness, while the constructivist-ventral process is normally conscious. Some implications of this dual-process approach to visual-perceptual phenomena are presented, with emphasis on space perception.
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Dai, Wen Jin, and Xiang Jie Chen. "Analysis for TCSC in Single Phase Power System Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 179-180 (January 2011): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.179-180.20.
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This paper carries on the stable state simulation and transition condition simulation for the single phase power systems, which are without TCSC and with TCSC systems. Both without TCSC and with TCSC circuits in the single-phase power system, have been carried out a detailed steady state and transition condition simulation, and studied the influence for TCSC that on power system load voltage and load power. In addition, applies the TCSC conventional PID impedance control mode, with TCSC fuzzy PID impedance control in the electrical power system, contrasts their function that display in the electrical power system operation, and demonstrate the two controllers’ advantage and disadvantage. In the stable state simulation, establishes the systems operation separately in the two kind of situations that rated load and overload, observes the respective load voltage profile, and carries on the comparison with other, in order to study the function for TCSC that work s in the single phase power system normal operation time . In the transition condition simulation, establishment short trouble, views the system transition condition’s load voltage, makes its profile the comparison, and studies TCSC in the single phase power system transition condition function. At the same time, considered the difference for TCSC impedance control modes, as well each as the influence which produces to the TCSC performance characteristic, makes the TCSC conventional PID impedance control mode and TCSC fuzzy PID impedance control mode to apply in the single phase power system separately, and carries on the two's simulation profile in detail contrastive analysis . The simulation result indicated that TCSC has the tidal current control and the damping line power vibration, enhances the electrical power system transition condition stably many kinds of functions, in the stable state condition, TCSC can increase system's transportation power, and reduce the electric transmission loss; under the transition condition, TCSC can suppress the system power oscillation and enhance the system stability.
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Hibbitt, Catherine. "Using Skeleton Typograms to Explore Comparative Anatomy." American Biology Teacher 82, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 120–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2020.82.2.120.
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A highlight activity of the author's comparative anatomy class, this skeletal typogram activity challenges students to take their understanding of the skeletal system's components beyond mere memorization of bone names and locations. Each student creates a poster of a vertebrate skeleton, using the letters of the bone names to depict the actual bone shape and location. Animals are chosen by the teacher to represent a wide variety of evolutionary adaptations (swimming, flying, grazing, hunting, etc.). Students are then asked to compare the different typograms through analysis of contrasting skeletal evolutionary adaptations. The infographic nature of the project helps students understand the power of visual information, allowing for creative cross-disciplinary work. Through developing and comparing typograms, students deepen their understanding of how skeletal form fits function and the role of adaptation in vertebrate evolution.
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Deschenes, Sadie, Michelle Gagnon, Tanya Park, and Diane Kunyk. "Moral distress: A concept clarification." Nursing Ethics 27, no. 4 (April 6, 2020): 1127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733020909523.
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Background Over the past few decades, moral distress has been examined in the nursing literature. It is thought to occur when an individual has made a moral decision but is unable to act on it, often attributable to constraints, internal or external. Varying definitions can be found throughout the healthcare literature. This lack of cohesion has led to complications for study of the phenomenon, along with its effects to nursing practice, education and targeted policy development. Objectives The aim of this analysis was to uncover unique definitions of moral distress as found in the nursing literature and to examine the relationship between these definitions. Research Design and Context Morse’s method of concept clarification was applied given the large body of literature which includes definitions, descriptions and measurements of the concept in research. The steps include (a) conducting a literature review; (b) analysing the literature; and (c) identifying, describing, comparing, and contrasting attributes, antecedents and consequences of each category. Findings Each of the 18 included studies described constraints in their definition of moral distress, whether implied or explicitly stated. External constraints are widely described as obstacles outside of the individual, whether institutional, systemic or situational, while internal constraints are located within the individuals themselves and are described as personal limitations, failings or weakness of will. Conclusion Upon reviewing these definitions, we determined that the term ‘internal constraints’ is problematic due to the emphasis of responsibility on the individual experiencing moral distress. We propose an alteration to ‘internal characteristics’ that will assume less responsibility of change from the individual to place a heavier onus on systemic and institutional constraints.
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O'Meara, N. M., J. Sturis, J. D. Blackman, D. C. Roland, E. Van Cauter, and K. S. Polonsky. "Analytical problems in detecting rapid insulin secretory pulses in normal humans." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 264, no. 2 (February 1, 1993): E231—E238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1993.264.2.e231.
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The present study was undertaken to define the optimal experimental and analytical conditions necessary to reproducibly detect, in the systemic blood, small-amplitude rapid oscillations (period 8–15 min) of insulin and C-peptide. Samples for insulin, C-peptide, and glucose were drawn at 2-min intervals for 2 h from six normal subjects during constant glucose infusion and from five of the same subjects under basal conditions. To reduce measurement error, insulin and C-peptide levels were measured 16 times at each time point. Three algorithms for pulse analysis (ULTRA, Cluster, PulseFit) were used to identify significant pulses, whereas autocorrelation and spectral analysis were used to identify potential regular periodic components in the data. In three of the five subjects studied under basal conditions, regular rapid oscillations could be consistently detected by autocorrelation when the analysis was based on eight replicates but not on duplicate series. In the remaining two basal studies and in all studies during glucose infusion, the majority of profiles did not have a significant periodic component. However, formal pulse analysis demonstrated that the number of pulses was similar during glucose infusion and basal conditions. Reproducibility was enhanced by increasing the number of replicates used in the analysis. We conclude that in the analysis of small-amplitude rapid insulin and C-peptide oscillations, the sensitivity and specificity of the analysis is likely to be enhanced by performing multiple estimations at each time point and by using a minimum of two contrasting analytical approaches for pulse detection, which incorporate a method evaluating periodicity in conjunction with a pulse detection program designed to evaluate each individual oscillation separately.
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Sirin, Utku, Pınar Tözün, Danica Porobic, Ahmad Yasin, and Anastasia Ailamaki. "Micro-architectural analysis of in-memory OLTP: Revisited." VLDB Journal 30, no. 4 (March 31, 2021): 641–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00778-021-00663-8.
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AbstractMicro-architectural behavior of traditional disk-based online transaction processing (OLTP) systems has been investigated extensively over the past couple of decades. Results show that traditional OLTP systems mostly under-utilize the available micro-architectural resources. In-memory OLTP systems, on the other hand, process all the data in main-memory and, therefore, can omit the buffer pool. Furthermore, they usually adopt more lightweight concurrency control mechanisms, cache-conscious data structures, and cleaner codebases since they are usually designed from scratch. Hence, we expect significant differences in micro-architectural behavior when running OLTP on platforms optimized for in-memory processing as opposed to disk-based database systems. In particular, we expect that in-memory systems exploit micro-architectural features such as instruction and data caches significantly better than disk-based systems. This paper sheds light on the micro-architectural behavior of in-memory database systems by analyzing and contrasting it to the behavior of disk-based systems when running OLTP workloads. The results show that, despite all the design changes, in-memory OLTP exhibits very similar micro-architectural behavior to disk-based OLTP: more than half of the execution time goes to memory stalls where instruction cache misses or the long-latency data misses from the last-level cache (LLC) are the dominant factors in the overall execution time. Even though ground-up designed in-memory systems can eliminate the instruction cache misses, the reduction in instruction stalls amplifies the impact of LLC data misses. As a result, only 30% of the CPU cycles are used to retire instructions, and 70% of the CPU cycles are wasted to stalls for both traditional disk-based and new generation in-memory OLTP.
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Brants, Chrisje, Adam Jackson, and Tim J. Wilson. "A Comparative Analysis of Anglo-Dutch Approaches to ‘Cyber Policing’: Checks and Balances Fit for Purpose?" Journal of Criminal Law 84, no. 5 (October 2020): 451–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022018320952561.
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This article examines two contrasting approaches to the governance of police investigations for ensuring that cybercrime-policing is lawful and ethical. The Netherlands has a national police force working under the direction of an equally centralised prosecution service according to specific laws on the use of special powers of surveillance, with evidence tested judicially when added incrementally to the case file. Theoretically, the process of adapting to the novel features of cybercrime policing should be much easier than within the much more fragmented policing structure in England and Wales, where unreliable evidence is challengeable only at the trial stage and the laws governing police action are equally fragmented. The Dutch police, however, have not found it easy to adapt concepts of covert policing developed in the 1990’s to their on-line investigative activities, despite the existence of comparatively detailed guidance and case law for undercover policing in the ‘real’ world. In the UK, the police seem unsure which requirements and concepts actually apply to their different on-line-investigations. More generally, it is concluded that legal comparisons of the kind undertaken in this article can identify general bottlenecks and barriers to adapting to the cyber environment, but such analysis cannot identify best practices that are readily transferable from one country to another. Legal transplants are a potentially hazardous undertaking because any practices and policies that work successfully will do so because they are necessarily compliant with the underlying systemic legal-cultural factors that make each legal system unique. Indeed, we make no attempt to identify best practices, other than to remark that the centralised nature of Dutch policing seems to afford some advantage, although, for historical and legal-cultural reasons, centralisation is unlikely to be an option for the UK police forces
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Franco-Belussi, Lilian, Diogo B. Provete, Rinneu E. Borges, Classius De Oliveira, and Lia Raquel S. Santos. "Idiosyncratic liver pigment alterations of five frog species in response to contrasting land use patterns in the Brazilian Cerrado." PeerJ 8 (August 26, 2020): e9751. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9751.
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Background Changes in land use trigger environmental changes that can lead to decreased biodiversity and species loss. The liver is an essential detoxification organ that reflects systemic physiological responses to environmental changes. Here, we tested whether contrasting land use patterns influence the amount of substances from the hepatic cellular catabolism and melanomacrophages (MMs) of five anuran species in the Brazilian Cerrado. Methods We collected the same five species of pond-dwelling frogs in one protected area and in an area with intense agricultural activity. We used routine histological and histochemical techniques to quantify the area occupied by lipofuscin, melanin, and hemosiderin in the liver of two frogs Leptodactylus fuscus, Physalaemus cuvieri, and three tree-frogs Dendropsophus minutus, Scinax fuscomarginatus, and Boana albopunctata. We classified land use types in a buffer around each pond based on satellite images. We then used a double-constrained Correspondence Analysis, a recently developed ecological method to relate functional traits to environmental variables, to test the effect of each land use type on the area of each liver pigment. Results There was an increase in the amount of melanin in environments with high proportion of agriculture, as well as variation in the amount of lipofuscin and hemosiderin. Liver pigments of P. cuvieri and B. albopunctata varied more strongly in response to land use types, suggesting they could be good indicator species. Therefore, the area of MMs in the liver and the metabolic products in their cytoplasm can be used as biomarkers of environmental changes in regions with intense agricultural activities. Our results add a new perspective to the influence of land use patterns on environmental health by highlighting the effect of environmental changes on internal morphological aspects of animals.
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ALACEVICH, MICHELE. "EARLY DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEBATES REVISITED." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 33, no. 2 (May 31, 2011): 145–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1053837211000010.
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Development economics in its early years created the image of a fierce fight between advocates of contrasting theories or approaches—“balanced growth” vs. “unbalanced growth,” or “program loans” vs. “project loans.” This view has the merit of highlighting such conflicts in great detail; yet, it fails to take into account the reality of development economics as it was practiced in the field. This paper reassesses these old conflicts by complementing the traditional focus on theoretical debates with an emphasis on the practice of development economics.A particularly interesting example is the debate between Albert Hirschman, one of the fathers of the “unbalanced growth” approach, and Lauchlin Currie, among the advocates of “balanced growth,” on how to foster iron and steel production in Colombia in the 1950s. An analysis of the positions held by these two economists shows that they were, in fact, much less antithetical than is usually held, and, indeed, were in some fundamental aspects surprisingly similar.Debates among development economists during the 1950s thus must be explained—at least partially—as the natural dynamics of an emerging discipline that took shape when different groups tried to achieve supremacy—or at least legitimacy—through the creation of mutually delegitimizing systemic theories.
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Spring, Charlotte A., and Robin Biddulph. "Capturing Waste or Capturing Innovation? Comparing Self-Organising Potentials of Surplus Food Redistribution Initiatives to Prevent Food Waste." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 22, 2020): 4252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104252.
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The context for this article is the rapid international growth of (surplus) food redistribution initiatives. These are frequently reliant on networks of volunteer labour, often coordinated by digital means. Movements with these characteristics are increasingly viewed by researchers, policymakers and practitioners as cases of self-organisation. The article explores the nature and extent of self-organisation in food redistribution initiatives. Two contrasting UK initiatives were studied using ethnographic methods during a period of rapid expansion. The concept of self-organisation was operationalised using three dimensions—autonomy, expansion and governance. One initiative established food banks in close cooperation with corporate food actors. Its franchise charity model involved standardised safety protocols and significant centralised control. The other initiative deliberately pursued autonomy, rapid recruitment and de-centralised governance; nevertheless, collaboration with industry actors and a degree of centralised control became a (contested) part of the approach. We highlight the interplay of organisational agency and institutional structures affecting the self-organisation of surplus food redistribution, including ways in which movement dynamism can involve capture by dominant interests but also the seeds of transformative practices that challenge root causes of food waste, particularly food’s commodification. Our analysis provides a way to compare the potentials of food charity vs mutual aid in effecting systemic change.
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Moon, David H., Guillermo R. Salvatierra, Danielle G. G. Caldas, Mayra C. C. Gallo de Carvalho, Raphael T. Carneiro, Lívia M. Franceschini, Shinitiro Oda, and Carlos A. Labate. "Comparison of the expression profiles of susceptible and resistant Eucalyptus grandis exposed to Puccinia psidii Winter using SAGE." Functional Plant Biology 34, no. 11 (2007): 1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp07094.
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Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden and its hybrids are commonly planted by the Brazilian pulp and paper industry, but they are the most susceptible to the neotropical rust disease caused by Puccinia psidii Winter. In an initial attempt to understand the mechanisms of resistance, we constructed two contrasting Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) libraries using susceptible and resistant individuals from a segregating half-sibling E. grandis population. Using the Z-test we identified tags differentially expressed between the libraries, preferentially 239 in the susceptible and 232 in the resistant type individuals. Using public (Expressed Sequence Tags) EST databases, 40 of the susceptible and 70 of the resistant tags matched ESTs and were annotated. By comparing the type of genes and their expression levels, distinct differences between the libraries were observed. Susceptible plants showed gene expression linked to leaf senescence, generalised stress responses and detoxification, and are apparently incapable of inducing a competent host defence response. On the other hand, resistant plants showed genes upregulated for cellular polarisation, cytoskeleton restructuring, vesicle transport, and cellulose and lignin biosynthesis. In the resistant individuals, evidence for systemic resistance, anti-oxidative responses and a hypersensitive response was also observed, although no R gene was identified.
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Chern, Mawsheng, Heather A. Fitzgerald, Patrick E. Canlas, Duroy A. Navarre, and Pamela C. Ronald. "Overexpression of a Rice NPR1 Homolog Leads to Constitutive Activation of Defense Response and Hypersensitivity to Light." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 18, no. 6 (June 2005): 511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-18-0511.
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Arabidopsis NPR1/NIM1 is a key regulator of systemic acquired resistance (SAR), which confers lasting broad-spectrum resistance. Previous reports indicate that rice has a disease-resistance pathway similar to the Arabidopsis SAR pathway. Here we report the isolation and characterization of a rice NPR1 homologue (NH1). Transgenic rice plants overexpressing NH1 (NH1ox) acquire high levels of resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. The resistance phenotype is heritable and correlates with the presence of the transgene and reduced bacterial growth. Northern analysis shows that NH1ox rice spontaneously activates defense genes, contrasting with NPR1-overexpressing Arabidopsis, where defense genes are not activated until induction. Wild-type NH1, but not a point mutant corresponding to npr1-1, interacts strongly with the rice transcription factor rTGA2.2 in yeast two-hybrid. Greenhouse-grown NH1ox plants develop lesion-mimic spots on leaves at preflowering stage although no other developmental effects are observed. However, when grown in growth chambers (GCs) under low light, NH1ox plants are dwarfed, indicating elevated sensitivity to light. The GC-grown NH1ox plants show much higher salicylic acid (SA) levels than the wild type, whereas greenhouse-grown NH1ox plants contain lower SA. These results indicate that NH1 may be involved in the regulation of SA in response to environmental changes.
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Sabegh, Mohammad Ali Jabbari, and Jan Recker. "Combined Use of Conceptual Models in Practice." Journal of Database Management 28, no. 2 (April 2017): 56–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdm.2017040103.
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Conceptual models are fundamental to system analysis and design. However, the actual usage of conceptual models remains poorly understood, in particular, how and why practitioners would use multiple models in combination when doing their work. In this paper, the authors explore the reported use of multiple conceptual models for system analysis and design to determine the circumstances that lead professionals to use multiple models. They uncover both semantic and pragmatic reasons that influence the choice and selection of different models for system analysis and design tasks. Contrasting these findings to existing ontological theories, the authors find that the extent and type of multiple model use is determined by not only ontological factors but also contextual factors that can override ontological qualities and in so doing bring forth desired qualities for users. The authors offer several novel propositions about the implications of ontological theory that will be worth exploring in future research.
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Anam, Moh Khoirul, and Nurhayati Nurhayati. "CDA OF GUS IPUL’S POLITICAL ADVERTISING IN 2018-EAST-JAVA-REGIONAL ELECTION." Profetik: Jurnal Komunikasi 12, no. 2 (March 25, 2020): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/pjk.v12i2.1693.
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Recent campaign models tend to change from the traditional model which commonly happened in the past. If in the past the campaign was identical to speeches, flags, marches, etc., nowadays the campaign can be done by utilizing the digital world as a media, even though the old model is still used today in a fewer portion. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the digital campaign advertisement of Gus Ipul in East Java Election 2018. Using the Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) theory and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) approach of Fairclough three-dimensional model, researchers want to reveal what message is behind the advertisements. The data in this study are five political campaign videos obtained from online video service providers, www.youtube.com. The videos are downloaded, then transcribed so that the textual data is obtained. These data are analyzed using the SFG theory. From the analysis, the results of the present study show that Gus Ipul’s political advertising is included in advocacy and contrasting advertising. Also, there are two objectives of Gus Ipul's political advertising. The first is to satire political opponents, and the second is to provide information. The information conveyed is by providing positive information, namely by using the lexicon like pengalaman - experience, paham - understanding and amanah -trustworthiness. From the political advertisement model, it can also be obtained that there are four strategies used in advertising viz emphasizing our good things, emphasizing their bad things, de-emphasizing our bad things, and de-emphasizing their good things.
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García-Aranda, José Ramón, Raquel Ortega-Lapiedra, and Jara Bernués-Olivan. "Sustainability, Efficiency, and Competitiveness in Rail Mobility: The ADIF-Spain Case Study." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 11, 2021): 8977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168977.
Full textAbstract:
This work aims to propose alternatives to the EFQM (European Foundation for Quality Management) Model from the perspectives of sustainability, efficiency, and competitiveness, with an application to the railway sector in Spain. Concerning improvement factors, a retroactive analysis is based on a second-degree confirmatory factorial analysis, suggesting a new grouping of factors. With respect to the transformation process, a systemic proposal of seven cross-cutting elements (Integral Framework for Transformation into Outstanding Organizations) is presented, providing a sequence of reflection and action initiatives to successfully address the current environmental sustainability, efficiency, and competitiveness challenges in the railway sector through a case study, ADIF (Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias). The proposal for this Integrated Framework for The Transformation of Organizations is carried out to consolidate the EFQM Model, not only as a management evaluation tool, but also as a quality of management and sustainability instrument, increasing its role as a driving mechanism for actions that generate an effective improvement and transformation in an organization dedicated to mobility. The confirmation of all the hypotheses related to the relationship between Leadership and Strategy, on the one hand explanations., and People, Alliances and Resources, and Processes on the other, along with the four Criteria of Results (People, Clients, Society, and Key Results), allows for the proposal of an EFQM Model that evolves around three major constructs: Guidance, Action, and Feedback. The implications of this work focus on three areas: (1) theoretical, as it is the first analysis of this magnitude to be performed in literature; (2) research, as it opens new hypotheses for contrasting with other organizations in the sector; and (3) management, as it proposes a sustainable organizational and business model.
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Strijdom, Johan. "CONSERVATIVE AND LIBERAL, HIERARCHICAL AND EGALITARIAN: SOCIAL-POLITICAL USES OF THE CONCEPT OF “HOME†IN GRECO-ROMAN ANTIQUITY AND EARLY CHRISTIANITY." Phronimon 16, no. 1 (January 29, 2018): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2413-3086/3810.
Full textAbstract:
The cognitive linguist George Lakoff has argued that in the human brain two concepts of the family are mapped onto two contrasting political concepts, which reveal two kinds of systemic morality: a hierarchical, strict and disciplining father morality of conservatives on the one hand, and an egalitarian, nurturing parent morality of progressives or liberals on the other. Taking Lakoff’s thesis as point of departure, I offer a critical comparison of social-political uses of the concept of “home†in the early Roman Empire and Pauline Christianity. For this case study I engage primarily with the work of John Dominic Crossan, a prominent scholar of early Christianity within its Jewish and Greco-Roman contexts. Although “home†does not constitute the focus of his analysis, a close reading of his oeuvre does allow us to identify and highlight this as a crucial theme in his work. The focus will be on the patriarchal home under Greco-Roman imperial conditions as model of the imperial system, the Pauline egalitarian concept of the Christian home and house churches, and the deutero-Pauline return to the imperial model. By comparing these case studies from another epoch and another culture, thevalidity of Lakoff’s thesis will be tested and our understanding of the concepts “liberal†and “conservative†will be enriched.