Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Systèmes saturés'
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Bévière, Stéphane. "Etudes mécanistiques de l'oxydation des hydrocarbures saturés à l'aide des Systèmes de GIF." Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX30038.
Full textXu, Yue. "Approche multi-échelle pour l'étude du comportement des systèmes polyphasiques : application aux milieux poreux non saturés." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000646.
Full textSaucet, Marcel. "Vers une nouvelle approche pour innover en marchés saturés : un exemple dans le secteur des cosmétiques." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE0047.
Full textIn 2005, cosmetic market growth stop. Using this way, this doctoral work explores innovation methods in busy market. Very often, knowledges and sciences are crossing to emerge innovation. Chaos theory and psychoanalysis have been used to complete marketing. Micro innovation is the thesis foundation. Micro innovation alters lightly global supply. But it disrupts the sensorial point of view of consumer, one of key to win new products launch. It proves that marketing theory can be renewed by new tools (analysis and chaos theory). Micro innovation is showing a schema of peoples who can consume old brand. This paper tries to prove to marketers and managers that micro innovation can be used in beauty and cosmetic markets
Roos, Clément. "Contribution à la commande des systèmes saturés en présence d'incertitudes et de variations paramétriques : application au pilotage de l'avion au sol." Toulouse, ISAE, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ESAE0022.
Full textDawood, Ihssan. "Modélisation du transfert de métaux lourds dans les sols non saturés (modèle fractionnaire hydrogéochimique)." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00422621.
Full textPantano, Calderón Santiago. "Algorithmes de conception non quadratiques pour les systèmes linéaires soumis à saturation d'entrée." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEI015.
Full textThis manuscript provides novel sufficient conditions for the synthesis of stabilizing dynamic output-feedback controllers with anti-windup compensation for linear systems subject to input saturation. Given a dynamic output-feedback controller, stabilizing the linear closed-loop, the design of a static anti-windup loop is also addressed. Based on Linear and Bilinear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs and BMIs, respectively), together with appropriate transformations and sector conditions, the results exposed exploit the sign-indefinite quadratic forms involving the closed-loop state and the deadzone of the control input to define piecewise smooth Lyapunov functions. The proposed solutions leverage additional degrees of freedom with respect to the classical quadratic stabilization approach to construct global or regional exponential stability certificates of the origin of the closed-loop system.The obtained LMIs are used as constraints in convex optimization schemes and may be easily solved with commercial solvers and optimizers. For the conditions formulated in terms of BMIs, iterative algorithms based on a convex-concave decomposition are given to solve such bilinear conditions. To be executed, such algorithms require feasible initial conditions that we provide by exploiting the structure of the BMIs. With guaranteed global or regional exponential stability, the solutions exposed in this manuscript also ensure a prescribed local exponential convergence rate. Additionally, when only regional exponential stability is attainable, the proposed regional designs allow determining inner-approximations of the basin of attraction of the origin for the closed-loop system, with maximized volume. Numerical applications are presented in this manuscript to illustrate the effectiveness and drawbacks of each one of the proposed methods
Le, Coupanec Pascale. "Oxydation des hydrocarbures saturés par le système de Gif." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112076.
Full textThis Thesis is concerned with a study of the "Gif system", a means of oxidising saturated hydrocarbons, using a reductant, zinc, a trinuclear iron complex, Fe3 O(CH3C00)6 (Pyr)3,5 and molecular oxygen in a pyridine-acetic acid mixture, in air and at ambient temperature. It differs from other systems in its greater oxidation yields and above all by its interesting and unusual selectivity for the preferential activation of secondary C-H bonds. An in-depth study of the role of pyridine in this system has given us a better understanding of the necessity of this solvent for the efficiency and selectivity of the Gif system. It apparently functions essentially as a ligand for iron and as an electron transfer reagent. By introducing many different metal salts into the Gif system, in the presence and absence of Fe3 O(CH3C00)6 (Pyr)3,5 ,we have been able to establish the undoubted specific requirement for iron salts. Further studies have been performed with tungsten and cerium salts. Finally, a series of experiments was carried out with several organic compounds, able to react with the metallocarbene which is postulated to account for ketone formation. Of these, diphenyldiselenide proved the most interesting. Through this study we have discovered a new reaction of obvious synthetic interest, the facile conversion, in satisfactory yields, under mild conditions, of a hydrocarbon into its phenylselenide derivative
Mazenc, Frédéric. "Stabilisation de trajectoires, ajout d'intégration, commandes saturées." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 1996. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00838918.
Full textLelandais, Patrick. "Activation des hydrocarbures saturés par le système de GIF : nouvelles réactions de fonctionnalisation des alcanes." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112398.
Full textThis thesis is concerned with a study of the "Gif system", a means of oxidising saturated hydrocarbons, using a reductant, zinc or iron, an iron catalyst and molecular oxygen in a pyridine-acetic acid mixture at room temperature. This system differs from other systems in its greater oxidation yield and, above all, by its interesting and unusual selectivity for the preferential activation of secondary C-H bonds: saturated hydrocarbons are oxidised mainly into ketones. We have examined the oxidation of complex natural substrates, steroids and terpenoids. The oxidation of cholesterol derivatives results mainly in side-chain cleavage to yield the corresponding 20-ketone. A study of the effect of temperature has enabled us to show that the mechanism of this transformation involves a 25-alkoxy radical as key-intermediate. The oxidation of several terpenoids has yielded in one step a large number of new ketones and has revealed the special reactivity of the Gif system towards carbon-carbon double bonds. Finally, the introduction of adequate reagents into the original system has lead us to the discovery of a variety of derived reactions. Thus, the Gif system allows to carry out the direct transformation of a saturated hydrocarbon into phenyl-seleno-, phenyl-thio, chloro- or brome derivatives, depending on the reaction conditions
Al, Miah Hammodi. "Modélisation et identification en ligne des paramètres d'une machine asynchrone saturée en régime statique." Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT2318.
Full textGhidouche, Hamid. "Etude mathématique de modèles de changement de phase dans les milieux dissipatifs et dans un milieu poreux saturé." Paris 13, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA132008.
Full textDesmars, Josselin. "Précision d'extrapolation des éphémérides des objets du système solaire. Application aux satellites de Saturne." Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00582490.
Full textDesmars, Josselin. "Précision d’extrapolation des éphémérides des objets du système solaire : application aux satellites de Saturne." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2009. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00582490.
Full textThe accuracy of the predicted orbital positions depends on the quality of the theorical model (internal error) and of the observations used to fit the model (external error). The internal error is often well known and generally good. However, the external error is generally unknown and is the main cause of the global error. The accuracy of an ephemeris can be estimated by comparison with observations (O-C) but just during the observational period. Outside the observational period, particularly in the future, the estimation of the accuracy remains difficult. The main purpose is to highlight statistical methods in order to estimate the accuracy of an ephemeris at any time. We deal particularly with two of the eight major Saturnian satellites but the case of an asteroid is also studied. We show that one of the methods, the bootstrap resampling, is easy to implement and allows this estimation with minimal assumptions on the distribution of observation errors. The determination of this accuracy helps to better understand how to use observations to fit models. Thus, the impact of Gaia mission on ephemerides can also be measured. Among the tools used for this study, a catalogue of observations of Saturnian satellites has been compiled not only to fit model. The large period covered by this database allows the detection of secular acceleration of the mean longitude of some satellites caused by tidal forces. The measure of this acceleration can be related to the value of these tidal forces
Renner, Stéfan. "Dynamique des anneaux et des satellites planétaires : aplication aux arcs de Neptune et au système Prométhée-Pandore." Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2004. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00008103.
Full textFirst, this thesis considers the dynamics of co-orbital satellites. The problem of the Lagragian points is extended to derive general results on the existence of stationary configurations. For N co-orbital satellites with small but otherwise arbitrary masses, the existence of equilibrium points depends on the parity of N. The case N=3 is treated completely, giving all the possible solutions and their stability. For N > 3, numerical methods are given. These results are applied to explain the confinement of Neptune’s ring arcs, with a model compatible with the entire set of observations : the arcs are trapped between small co-orbital satellites (with radii less than 5 km), which are in a stable stationary of configuration. Then the dynamics of Prometheus and Pandora is studied. Taking into account the perturbations by the major saturnian satellites, the chaotic motions of the two satellites are numerically confirmed. By fitting the numerical integrations to recent HST data, Prometheus and Pandora’s masses are derived. They are equivalent to mean densities of about 0,5 g cm-3. The fits allow to produce an ephemeris of the two satellites during the Cassini tour. Finally, performing long term integrations, a transfer of angular momentum from Prometheus and Pandora to the co-orbital satellites Janus and Epimetheus is detected, which could increase the lifetime of the Prometheus-Pandora system
Bollengier, Olivier. "Composition des océans des lunes de Jupiter et Saturne - Approches thermodynamique et expérimentale." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00981491.
Full textRenner, Stéfan. "Dynamique des anneaux et des satellites planétaires : application aux arcs de Neptune et au système Prométhée-Pandore." Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008103.
Full textMigliorini, Alessandra. "Studio fisico dei piccoli corpi del sistema solare." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077013.
Full textThe topic of my PhD research is to study the surface composition of asteroids, Trans-Neptunian Objects, and planetary satellites. I analyzed and interpreted both data taken with ground-based telescopes and space instrument data. They have been analyzed with standard methods: the comparison of observed data with laboratory data, or with synthetical spectra, obtained by mixing end-members, according to the theory of light diffusion. I contributed in interpreting spectroscopical data of the icy satellites of Saturn, Phoebe, lapetus, Enceladus, Tethys and Hyperion, observed by the Cassini/CIRS spectrometer, on board the Cassini spacecraft, in the far infrared spectral range, Physical causes of the absence of features on these spectra have been studied. As a result, such satellites seem to have a very high porouse surface. Laboratory experiments have been conducted, in order to set more strict constrains on icy surfaces properties. Surfaces properties of some more small bodies of the outer Solar System, and a group of 10 E-type asteroids of the Main Belt were also derived, by analyzing ground-based telescopes data. For E-type asteroids, some interesting comparisons with meteorites were found. Moreover, I participated to an astrometrical research of Trojan asteroids of the giant planets. My PhD research has covered a wide spectral range, from visible to FIR: the whole spectral range has provided a useful contribution in the comprehension of the small bodies. Moreover, the possibility to analyze data, taken both with space instruments and ground-based telescopes has greatly enriched with new results the knowledge of our Solar System
Salmon, Julien. "Nouveaux regards sur l'origine et l'évolution des anneaux planétaires : application aux anneaux de Saturne." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077215.
Full textAlthough very different in terms of spatial scales and composition, Saturn's rings are the closest example of an astrophysical disk at our disposal, and their study could give us dues on other disks that are more difficult to observe in detail. However, despite more than 400 years of studies, Saturn's rings remain full of secrets. In particular, the subject of their age is still uncertain. While most accepted scenarios suggest that they were formed in the early ages of the Solar System, several observational and theoretical studies come to the conclusion that they must be about 100 million years old. During my PhD, I have focused on re-examining old questions regarding the origin and evolution of Saturn's rings, in the light of recent results about the formation of the solar System and the modelisation of planetary rings dynamics. In a first part, I present the most popular scenarios that have been proposed to explain the formation of Saturn's rings, and I explain how the Late Heavy Bombardment could be a "sweet moment" for the formation of a dense ring System around Saturn. Secondly, I bring new results on the old question of the viscous spreading of the rings, by introducing a physically realistic viscosity model, including in particular the effects of the disk's self-gravity, in a simple numerical code used to simulate the evolution of the whole disc on billion-year timescales. Finally, I present how allowing the accretion of ring material when it is brought through the Roche limit by viscous spreading can lead to the formation of a population of moonlets that closely resemble the actual population of small Saturn's satellites, orbiting close to the rings
Draga, Marius. "Procédé de traitement d'une pollution aux composés organochlorés dans un milieu poreux saturé par injection de réactifs oxydo-réducteurs." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT021G/document.
Full textThe pollution of soils with chlorinated solvents is a major environmental problem with important consequences for the water contamination, hence for the utilisation of this essential resource. Among the treatment processes, in situ chemical oxidation appears as a viable alternative, of great interest for the treatment of dense non aqueous phase liquids (DNAPL). The aim of this work was to analyse the kinetic limitations controlling perchloroethylene (PCE) oxidation in dense non aqueous phase liquid with permanganate (KMnO4) solutions and that in diverse operational conditions: oxidant concentration, interfacial area, contact mode and contact phases, mainly. First, analytical methods were developed, especially for PCE analyse in aqueous phase. In a homogeneous system, at constant temperature and in aqueous phase, the real reaction rate was measured and a kinetic low was proposed, applicable to a large range of compositions. Then, the reaction was studied in a multiphase system, L/L (batch reactor) and S/L/L (porous media). The procedure consisted in establishing the mass transfer coefficient of the system in experiments without oxidant (so-called of dissolution), then applying it to the identification of Hatta number. This dimensionless criterion brings us information about the reaction location and consequently, about the relative rate of the global process. In the studied experimental conditions, several operational regimes, characterised by Hatta values in a range from 0.03 to 3.6, were observed. Therefore, the oxidation process can be controlled either by transfer or by reaction and that even in batch reactor and in porous media
El, Moutamid Maryame. "Etude analytique et numérique des Résonances de Moyen Mouvement : Application à la dynamique des petits satellites de Saturne." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2013. https://hal.science/tel-02095152.
Full textThe aim of my work is to better understand the dynamics of the small Saturnian satellites that are in mean motion resonance with Mimas (whose mass will be noted μ′s), and are also associated with rings and arcs of matter. The difficulty with these mean motion resonances is that, even in the simplest case where the small satellites (μs) is massless and the inclinations are equal to zero (the Restricted Planar Three Problem), there are several resonances associated with each mean motion commensura- bility. More precisely, I studied first order mean motion resonances m+1:m (m is an integer). In this case, there are only two resonances, called Corotation Eccentric Resonances (CERs) and Lindblad Eccentric Resonances (LERs). Having two degrees of freedom, the Hamiltonian which describes the motion of μs and μ′s is in general non integrable, and leads to chaotic motions in some regions in the phase space. The aims of this thesis are : 1. To clearly distinguish the two types of resonances (CER and LER). I show here that Lindblad resonances mainly excite the orbital eccentricity of the test particle (leaving the semi- major axis relatively unaffected) while the corotation resonances mainly change the semi-major axis (leaving the eccentricity relatively unaffected). 2. To discuss the integrability of the two-degree of freedom system in presence of the two critical angles corresponding to the two resonances. Then, I show the presence of constants of motion that I interpret physically. 3. To rescale the restricted problem (μ = 0) and obtain a model that depends only upon two dimensionless parameters : the distance D between the two resonances and a parameter εL which depends on the mass and orbital eccentricity of μ′s. This approach allows me to study the problem in a generic way. For D = 0, the problem is integrable. I show numerically that large chaotic regions appear for small values of D. For larger values of D, the system tends towards an integrable system again, that I have solved by using adiabatic invariants arguments
Lakel, Abdelkader. "Analyse déterministe de systèmes de biofiltration en écoulements saturé et insaturé dans le cadre d'un procédé d'assainissement autonome avec recyclage permettant l'élimination des composés azotés." Limoges, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIMO0053.
Full textAnker, Wolfram. "Représentation spatiale des risques de propagation des pollutions par hydrocarbures en milieu souterrain : application en milieu alluvial." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825624.
Full textSabour, Abdelouahed. "Étude expérimentale et thermodynamique de systèmes binaires des n-alcanes pairs-impairs (nc₂₃ : n-c₂₄ et nc₂₃ : c₂₂)." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL064N.
Full textMoureaux, Florian. "Etude des réactions mettant en jeu l'oxygène dans un système électrochimique lithium-air aqueux rechargeable électriquement." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00947541.
Full textAldana, Carlos. "Etude des propriétés de transfert de la zone non saturée : application auxcalcaires aquitaniens de l’aquifère de Beauce." Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE2010.
Full textThe Beauce limestone aquifer has been studied in recent decades. However, most of the studies concerned the very first meters of the unsaturated zone (VZ) (0 to 3 meters) and / or the saturated zone of the aquifer. The flow processes, through the widely stratified VZ are not well understood. Many authors have emphasized its heterogeneity, both lateral and vertical, with quite variable lithologies. Access to the entire VZ remains a major issue, whose main difficulties are technical and economic. The goal is to contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of water transfer within the VZ of the lime Beauce aquifer. This VZ goes from the surface of the ground to a depth of about twenty meters. In the area of interest (lieu‐dit “les Hôtels"), the water table was found at 18.3 m depth in march 2017. Sampling of the unsaturated zone was carried out via a coring campaign. Three wells were cored from surface up to a depth of around 20 m. Sampling of the VZ allowed to perform physical, physicochemical, mineralogical and hydraulic characterizations of the unsaturated material. To study the transfer properties of these samples, a triaxial system was set up to measure hydraulic properties using the multistep outflow method. The water retention curves were compared to those measured by the temp cell method (Richards method), and supported by measurements in the pF 3‐6 range, performed using the WP4C device. The saturated hydraulic conductivity values of sandy and sandy‐marly samples were the larges among all unconsolidated materials of the vadose zone of the aquifer. Rock samples having micro‐fissures and fractures showed the largest values of saturated hydraulic conductivity. Lower values were observed for loamy clay soil and for marl samples. The highest water retention is that measured for soils. The lowest values correspond to the rock. Rocks samples drain very rapidly when the matrix potential decreases, which causes a sudden decrease in the hydraulic conductivity. Our results show that the first meters of VZ represent an area where the (vertical) flow towards the aquifer is relatively slow, but, from about 7 meters deep, water transport is much faster due to the presence of cracks and also due
Kara, Sami. "Quantification des fractionnements physiques affectant le gaz naturel lors de sa migration dans les systèmes pétroliers : la modélisation du transport du méthane et du dioxyde de carbone par solubilisation/diffusion dans les milieux poreux." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066465.
Full textLeconte, Jérémy. "Un nouveau regard sur la Structure interne et l'évolution des planètes géantes solaires et extrasolaires." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00707629.
Full textLemarchand, Cyril. "Mesure de la constante de Boltzmann par spectroscopie laser : vers une contribution au futur Système International d'unités." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00764087.
Full textPeyraube, Nicolas. "Apports des équilibres calco-carboniques et du carbone 13 pour l’étude de l’air et des écoulements d’eau dans la zone non saturée du karst : application au système karstique perché de la grotte de Cussac (Dordogne, France)." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14283/document.
Full textThe protection of Cussac engraved cave, discovered in 2000, is based upon the comprehension of itsrelationship with the karstic system and flow conditions in the unsaturated zone (UZ) understanding.Cussac site gives access to several springs from different parts of the UZ and a small saturated area.The cave itself is accessible and allows interception of flow inside the karst environment. Aerologicparameters including CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) and temperature of the cave have been monitoredsince 2003 to build a simple model of its relations with external atmosphere air and UZ air.A first part of the work is dedicated to the characterisation of the flows by a monitoring since 2008 ofwater chemistry and dynamics. This part lead to a Cussac perched aquifer functioning general scheme.To complete these classical investigations we wished to define hydrologic and aerologic flows in karstaquifers using one of its specificity: interdependency of gaseous, liquid and solid phases.Exchanges between rock, water and pCO2 of the UZ are estimated using calco-carbonic equilibriumequations. Functioning scheme is enriched by a conceptual view of flow conditions and a localisationin the karst of the CO2 dissolution or evasion and carbonate dissolution or precipitation process.Precisions on pCO2 evolution in UZ and in the particular environment of the cave are given by d13C.Unsaturated Zone CO2 isotopic composition is estimated from d13C measurement in water. This needto take in account total dissolved inorganic carbon variations process
Nguyen, Tran Anh Tu. "Outils de commande avancés pour les applications automobiles." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00930910.
Full textBendahmane, Fateh. "Influence des interactions mécaniques eau-sol sur l'érosion interne." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00355072.
Full textUne étude préliminaire de visualisation et de quantification de l'influence de quatre paramètres (poids volumique, gradient hydraulique, pourcentage d'argile et ouverture des pores du filtre) nous a permis d'une part de valider leur choix et d'autre part de définir un protocole et un prototype expérimentaux adaptés. Le banc expérimental ainsi réalisé, permet de consolider et de confiner les échantillons en évitant tout écoulement parasite.
Les échantillons sont soumis à un écoulement descendant sous gradient hydraulique constant. L'acquisition des données est automatisée afin de suivre continûment le débit d'eau injecté, les variations volumiques des échantillons, la masse et la concentration d'argile de l'effluent. Après validation de l'expérimentation par reproduction puis confrontation avec une étude présente dans la littérature, nous réalisons des essais paramétriques. Ces expérimentations mettent en évidence l'existence d'un seuil de gradient hydraulique pour la suffusion d'une fraction de l'argile, qui s'accroît avec le pourcentage d'argile et la pression de confinement.
Nous constatons l'existence d'un second seuil au delà duquel la migration d'argile s'accompagne de l'érosion régressive de sable, ce qui induit un renard et finalement l'effondrement de l'échantillon. Ce seuil augmente avec le pourcentage d'argile mais décroît avec la pression de confinement. L'influence des caractéristiques du sable sur le renard est également mise en évidence.
Nous proposons une première modélisation numérique 1D de la suffusion qui permet de représenter l'évolution de la concentration en argile de l'effluent et de la masse érodée.
Ce travail permet également d'ouvrir d'intéressantes perspectives de recherche théorique ou expérimentale.
Youkharibache, Philippe. "Systèmes de coordonnées dans l'étude des vibrations moléculaires : détermination ab-inito des champs de force : confrontation expérimentale et transférabilité." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066322.
Full textLemarchand, Cyril. "Mesure de la constante de Boltzmann par spectroscopie laser : vers une contribution au futur Système International d’unités." Phd thesis, Paris 13, 2012. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/intranet/edgalilee_th_2012_lemarchand.pdf.
Full textWe detail in this manuscript the experiment developed in the MMTF team of the Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, whose aim is to contribute to the redefinition of the International System of units through the measurement of the Boltzmann constant, kB, by laser spectroscopy. The method used is based on the linear absorption spectroscopy of an ammonia gas maintained at constant temperature. The Boltzmann constant is deduced from the gas temperature measurement and the width of the recorded absorption profile. First and second generation experiments already led to a 38x10⁻⁶ statistical uncertainty on the measurement of kB. In this manuscript, we describe how we improved the experimental set-up to reduce the measurement uncertainty to a fewx10⁻⁶ level. We make profit of these experimental improvements and fit the data in a new way to reduce the measurement statistical uncertainty to a 6. 4x10⁻⁶ level. Then, we carry out a complete study of systematic effects that could affect the Boltzmann constant measurement. We notably describe the experimental set-up built to analyze NH3 hyperfine structure. Among other things, we evaluate the impact of the gas composition, the transition saturation, and the laser beam modulation. Finally, we deeply study how to model collisions between molecules. In the end, the global uncertainty budget on systematic effects is reduced to a 2. 1x10⁻⁶ level. All the obtained results and future prospects pave the way to an optical measurement of kB with an accuracy of a few 10⁻⁶
Renaud, Jean-Paul. "Oxydations d'alcanes et d'alcènes par des systèmes métalloporphyriniques modelés du cytochrome P-450." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066139.
Full textBarthelemy, Mathieu. "Modélisation du transfert radiatif dans les atmosphères de Jupiter et Saturne : application à l'étude des chevauchements des raies Lyman α, β et γ de l'hydrogène atomique avec des raies des systèmes de Lyman et Werner de l'hydrogène moléculaire." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE10178.
Full textNguyen, Tran Anh-Tu. "Outils de commande avancés pour les applications automobiles." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VALE0037/document.
Full textThis thesis addresses the development of some advanced control design tools for a class of nonlinear systems in general and for automotive systems in particular.Motivated by automotive applications, Part I proposes some novel theoretical results on control design for nonlinear systems under Takagi-Sugeno form subject to the control input saturation. The input saturation is dealt with by using its polytopic representation or an anti-windup strategy.Part II deals with our automotive application concerning the control of a turbocharged air system of a spark ignition engine. To this end, two novel control approaches are proposed in this part. For the first one, the theoretical design tool on switching Takagi-Sugeno controller developed in Part I is directly applied. The second one is based on a robust feedback linearization control technique. The originality of these MIMO approaches consist in their simplicity and effectiveness compared to other ones existing in the literature.Part III aims at developing the strategies, which are based on the Pontryagin's Minimum Principle in optimal control theory, for the energy management of the vehicular electric power systems in a hybrid engine configuration. To this end, both offline optimization approach using the future information of driving conditions and online implementable one have been developed and evaluated in an advanced simulator
Reffet, Erwan. "Interaction Surface-Atmosphère en Planétologie Comparée : Application à la formation des dunes." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00656378.
Full textWone, Moussa. "Contribution à la modélisation du comportement hydrique et mécanique des remblais routiers en matériaux fins." Phd thesis, Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ENPC9525.
Full textA coupled model for three-phase unsaturated porous media, with allowance for both the stress-strain relationships of the soil and the flow of water and air, is presented. It is aimed at improving the settlement predictions and stability analyses of geotechnical structures. A system of non linear equations, both of the stress-strain relationships and for the flow of fluids, is first derived, on the basis of the static equilibrium equations, of the continuity equations and of the constitutive relationships of each of the three phases. This system of equations is then solved using the finite element method and an implicit integration scheme for time dependency. This work resulted in the implementation in the finite element program CESAR-LCPC of a new family of elements, devoted to the two-dimensional consolidation analysis of unsaturated soils, and of an iterative algorithm, combining the method of variable stiffness for the flow nonlinearities and the initial stres method for the material nonlinearities. A new subroutine of CESAR-LCPC, terme CSNS (for Consolidation of Unsaturated Soils) was created for performing this type of analysis. The subroutine CSNS takes into account the staged construction of the geotechnical structures and can accomodate any type of boundary conditions. It was checked against the observed behaviour of a test section of an existing motorway. The comparison of the observed and calculated displacements and water pressures in the embankment gave encouraging insight into the capabilities of the method
Dasgupta, Abhijeet. "High efficiency S-Band vector power modulator design using GaN technology." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0021/document.
Full textThe evolution of telecommunications systems, linked to a constantly increasing demand in terms of data rate and volume, leads to the development of systems offering very wide bandwidths, modulations with very high spectral efficiencies, increased power and frequency flexibilities in transmitters. Moreover, the implementation of such systems must be done with a permanent concern for energy saving, hence the recurring goal of the RF power amplification which is to combine the best efficiency, linearity and bandwidth. Conventional architectures of RF emitter front-ends consist in a first step in performing the frequency modulation-conversion operation (IQ Modulator) and then in a second step the DC-RF energy conversion operation (Power Amplifier), these two steps being usually managed independently. The aim of this thesis is to propose an alternative approach that consists in combining these two operations in only one function: a high efficiency vector power modulator. The core of the proposed system is based on a two-stage GaN HEMT circuit to obtain a variable power gain operating at saturation. It is associated with a specific multi-level bias modulator also design using GaN technology. The fabricated device generates, at a frequency of 2.5 GHz, a 16QAM modulation (100Msymb/s) with 13W average power, 25W peak power, with an overall efficiency of 40% and 5% EVM
Gao, Bo. "Contribution à la synthèse de commandes référencées vision 2D multi-critères." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00119789.
Full textWone, Moussa. "Contribution à la modélisation du comportement hydrique et mécanique des remblais routiers en matériaux fins." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523303.
Full textPolycarpe, William. "Study of a recent 5-1 mean motion resonance between Titan and Iapetus." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEO009/document.
Full textWhen a strong tidal interaction between Saturn and its icy satellites was revealed a few years ago, the formation of the system and its evolution were subject to questioning. These results imply that the satellites are younger than the planet and underwent important orbital modifications during their evolution, making possible many mean motion resonance crossings between satellites. In this thesis, we assume that Titan migration is also important, increasing its semi-major axis in time, and crossing a 5:1 resonance with Iapetus. Today, Iapetus’ orbital plane is tilted with respect to a natural equilibrium plane called the Laplace plane, on which a satellite should have naturally been formed. But, among having non-null eccentricity, Iapetus’ orbit stays on a constant 8 degree tilt with respect to this equilibrium plane. We are therefore assessing the possibility for Titan to be responsible for Iapetus’ orbit.Starting with Iapetus on a circular orbit with its orbital plane co-planar with the Laplace plane, we have used a N-Body code and a semi-analytic model to perform numerous numerical simulations.The analysis of the simulations show that the results are very dependent on the quality factor, Q. For values greater than 2000, Iapetus is more likely to get ejected during the crossing of the resonance, whereas setting a fast migration for Titan (Q below 100) avoids any strong perturbation of Iapetus’ orbit. The ejection likelihood increases with Q and for values between 100 and 2000, many simulations show a resonance capture, followed by a chaotic evolution of the eccentricity and the inclination, then a release with perturbed orbital elements. The range of values for post-resonance eccentricities are between 0 and 0.15 while the tilt can grow up to 11 degrees. Out of 800 simulations done with the N-Body code, 2 show elements compatible with Iapetus’ actual orbit. In addition, more than twenty simulations show a tilt having raised over 4 degrees if we count the simulation done with the semi-analytic model.These numerical simulations allowed us to constrain the tidal dissipation of the planet at Titan’s frequency. Some simulations performed with Q between 100 and 2000 account for the orbit of Iapetus we observe today, making plausible the scenario where the resonance with Titan was the source of Iapetus’ perturbed orbit
Hryhorczuk, Cecile. "Impact des acides gras alimentaires sur le système dopaminergique mésolimbique : effets différentiels des acides gras saturés et mono-insaturés." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18570.
Full textThe mesolimbic dopamine system, also known as the reward system, is well recognized for its role in motivated reward-related behaviours such as drug addiction. It consists of dopamine neurons originating in the ventral tegmental area that project, among others, to the nucleus accumbens. Similar to neurons in the hypothalamus, dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area can detect circulating hormones such as leptin, insulin and ghrelin to adjust food intake, motivation and dopamine tone. This suggests that they could also perceive nutritional signals like glucose and fatty acids. Moreover, several lines of evidence exist showing that palatable food enriched in fat and obesity reduce mesolimbic dopamine function. Given the many unknowns regarding the mechanisms of obesity-induced dopamine dysfunction, and given that fatty acids differentially influence cardiovascular and mental health according to their class, we sought to determine the effects of the monounsaturated fatty acid oleic acid and the saturated fatty acid palmitic acid, two of the most abundant fatty acids in the body and foods, on mesolimbic dopamine function. Notably palmitic acid and oleic acid differ in their intracellular metabolic fate as well as in their effects on food intake and leptin and insulin signaling at the level of the hypothalamus. We first evaluated the fatty acid sensing properties of the mesolimbic dopamine system. We looked at the effects of the injection of oleic acid or palmitic acid in the ventral tegmental area on food intake, motivation and dopamine neurons activity. Our results demonstrate that oleic acid, but not palmitic acid, reduces basal and motivated feeding behavior and neuronal activity. Those effects seem to be dependent on its entry into the cell. Moreover, using a neurons culture system we show that dopamine neurons can uptake fatty acids. We then examined the effect of food-derived oleic and palmitic acid on mesolimbic dopamine function. We assigned rats to a low-fat control diet or to one or the other of a high-fat diet: one enriched in oleic acid or one enriched in palmitic acid. The two high-fat diets are isocaloric and differed only in the fat source. Following eight weeks of feeding, the palmitic 5 acid-enriched high-fat diet, but not the oleic acid-enriched diet, decreased the sensitivity to the rewarding and locomotor-sensitizing effects of amphetamine. This was associated with a reduction of dopamine receptor D1R signaling and dopamine transporter expression. Importantly this occured independently of weight gain and hormonal changes. Lastly, we explored the impact of those diets on the activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Results show that the saturated fat diet alters the function of the axis as well as the expression of several keys genes targeted by glucocorticoids in the hypothalamus but without affecting anxiety-related behavior. This work provides further insight into how the mesolimbic dopamine system is altered by high-fat food consumption. It brings light to the differential effects of two classes of fatty acids and the mechanisms by which they modulate food intake and motivation. The prolonged intake of saturated fat, but not mono-unsaturated fat, disrupts the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and decreases mesolimbic dopamine function prior to the onset of obesity and major metabolic alterations. Dysfunction of dopaminergic systems induced by saturated fat consumption could promote further intake of such palatable food as a means to compensate for reward hyposensitivity.
Barthelemy, Mathieu. "Modélisation du transfert radiatif dans les atmosphères de Jupiter et Saturne : application à l'étude des chevauchements des raies Lyman alpha, beta et gamma de l'hydrogène atomique avec des raies des systèmes de Lyman et Werner de l'hydrogène moléculaire." Phd thesis, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00724434.
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