Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Systèmes locaux'
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Bradburn, Suzie. "Les systèmes d'échanges locaux." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0280.
Born in France in 1994 in the rural areas in reply to a difficult economic situation, Local ExchangesSystems became an alternative of the dominant economic model, which enables members to exchange goods,services and know-how thanks to a conventional currency based upon time, which is a competitive licit solutionof the existing legal currency.The fear of seeing people using the LES to hide a remunerative econonomical activity would be taken away assoon as a clear distinction is made between private-members, who take part in exchanges occasionally to add asmall additionnal income, and those who become professional by developping a permanent and lucrative activitywithin professional conditions. This category of members must abide by the same rule that applies toprofessionals, subject to sanctions.In order to organize the exchanges, the members can use a legal structure. This would give them the necessaryhelp for their development by providing a catalogue of offers and demands and the creation of a multilateralcurrent account. Even if a type of company structure is possible, an association is better adapted for the needs ofthe legal organization of the LES. It corresponds to their non lucrative and philosophical goals based uponhuman values and solidarity
Paiva, Adelino. "Systèmes locaux rigides et transformation de Fourier." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002259.
Dinh, Thi Anh Thu. "Arrangements de droites et systèmes locaux admissibles." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4028.
The characteristic varieties of the complement X of a line arrangement A in the space P2, denoted by Vk(A), are algebraic sets in an affine torus T = (C_)n. Each irreducible component of Vk(A) is a coset of a subgroup of the character group Hom(_1(X),C_). If all the rank 1 local systems over X are admissible, then all the irreducible components of strictly positive dimension of Vk(A) contain the trivial representation. In this case, Vk(A) can be computed via the resonance varieties, i. E are determined by the combinatorics of A. I give in this thesis a complete expression for the characteristic varieties of line arrangements whose the minimal number of lines containing all the points of multiplicity ¿2 is at most 2. The local systems over the complement of such an arrangement are all admissible. I also consider some other types of arrangements with the same property, and discuss on the Milnor fiber and the associated monodromy operator. Besides, I introduce a new sufficient criterion to test admissiblity. These results are motivated by one of major open questions of the theory: Are the characteristic varieties of a line arrangement combinatorically determined?
Galliano, Danielle. "Stratégies spatiales des groupes et systèmes productifs locaux." Toulouse 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU10065.
With the present economical and social alterations a new structure of the french productive system appears and basically shows a new state of being between industry and territory. The stake is important and the understanding of this evolution not easy. The analysis of these groups' spatial strategies and of their impact shows rich and revealing results of the productive system principles according to our study. Therefore, the main question is the one regarding the existence of a strategical behaviour of groups with regards to the localisation. This point can be developed into a precise analysis of groups spatial size, their structure, their organisation and their strategy. This leads to a spatial approach where temporality is the principle of economic systems. With this study, we go behind the analysis of localisation choices and ask ourselves about insertion ways and local impact of groups as well as the difficult and diversified articulation mode of their industrial plants to local environment. The evolution of group relations in the french economical environment is a significative explanation of the industrial geographical moves in france and especially of the appearance of technopoles (study made on toulouse). Using new terms, we are therefore led to ask ourselves the question about the local development
Thizy, Pierre-Damien. "Effets non-locaux pour des systèmes elliptiques critiques." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CERG0817.
This thesis, divided into three main parts, deals with-standing waves for Schrödinger-Maxwell-Proca and Klein-Gordon-Maxwell-Proca systems on a closed Riemannian manifold (compact without boundary during all the thesis),-elliptic Kirchhoff systems on a closed manifold,-low-dimensional blow-up phenomena
Baleydier, Angèle. "Les systèmes productifs locaux italiens : districts industriels ou manufactures?" Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO33010.
Yu, Hongjie. "Comptage des systèmes locaux ℓ-adiques sur une courbe." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC057/document.
Let X1 be a projective, smooth and geometrically connected curve over Fq with q = pn elements where p is a prime number, and let X be its base change to an algebraic closure of Fq.We give a formula for the number of irreducible ℓ-adic local systems (ℓ ≠ p) with a fixed rank over X fixed by the Frobenius endomorphism.We prove that this number behaves like a Lefschetz fixed point formula for a variety over Fq, which generalises a result of Drinfeld in rank 2 and proves a conjecture of Deligne. To do this, we pass to the automorphic side by Langlands correspondence, then use Arthur’s non-invariant trace formula and link this number to the number of Fq-points of the moduli space of stable Higgs bundles
Sellami, Afif. "Des calculs locaux aux algorithmes distribués." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12933.
Dimou, Michel. "La Dynamique d'évolution des systèmes productifs locaux : une interprétation marshallienne du développement." Grenoble 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE21051.
This thesis concerns the analysis of the evolution of the local productive systems. This thesis aims to investigate the nature of the new industrial dynamics that appear within several countries, these last years. The main concept of this thesis, the "local productive system" appears in the continuity of a serie scientific studies which rediscover the localization analysis of alfred marshall, from g. Becattini and the italian economists to m. Piore and c. Sabel and rhe authors of the californian sch0ll of geography. This thesis aims to explicit the way that direct relations between economic actors can determine the dynamics of production, innovation and apprenticeship within the local productive systems
Ciambrone, Alessandro. "Patrimoine mondial et développement local : étude comparative de systèmes touristiques locaux en Italie et en France." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100005/document.
The main objective of this study is to demonstrate, in times of global economic crisis, how it is possible to combine economic growth needs and strategies for the protection and enhancement of the heritage in a sustainable way, starting from the assumption that tourism is one of possible areas for regional development, social integration and improvement of living conditions of local communities. The Campania Region and the Province of Caserta – territories object of study in Italy - have a unique cultural, landscape and intangible heritage but is not sufficiently protected and enhanced. To this end, the research analyzes and proposes policies for managing assets through the study of international "best practices", in particular in France, in the field of cultural tourism, seen as an engine for sustainable development of local communities. France, the first country in the world for number of international visitors, according to updated data, provided by the World Tourism Organizations, has developed a long-term government policy aimed at the protection and enhancement of heritage, through actions on assets, on the organizational structure of the institution in charge, and targeted promotion of all art forms of intellectual production. In Italy, however, the management strategy has often shown inadequate compared to the international prestige of the country for its cultural, landscape, food, wine and intangible heritage, with a limited growth of economy if compared with this heritage’s potential with the consequent negative effect on heritage
Georges, Jean-Philippe. "Systèmes contrôlés en réseau : évaluation de performances d'architectures Ethernet commutées." Nancy 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN10145.
In the field of networked control systems, researches have considerably evolved since Ethernet is more and more used to substitute the traditional industrial local area networks. Even if this choice of Ethernet is justified regarding its intrinsic ability to support all the communications of the enterprise (from office to workshop), it is not suitable to assume the time constraints of distributed control applications. Contrary to the fieldbuses, the non-determinism of the medium access method used by Ethernet does not enable to guarantee strict time constraints. The contribution of this thesis is to define an analytical approach to upper-bound the end-to-end delays in networked control systems which are based on switched Ethernet architectures. Work has focused on the adaptation of the network calculus theory to these specifics environments. Within this framework, this thesis presents the modeling of an IEEE 802. 1D switch as well as a computation method of the end-to-end delays based on the increasing of the traffic burstiness. Several real experiments validate the tightness of the computed bounds. In addition to the performance evaluation, the work has also considered the Classification of Service (IEEE 802. 1D/p) and the optimization of the frames scheduling on Ethernet. Finally, this thesis shows how such a performances evaluation method can be used to scale and optimize the design of switched Ethernet architectures
Dahhani, Mohammed. "Performances des réseaux locaux millimétriques." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0071.
With the exponential increase in wireless data traffic risking to overwhelm the current networking infrastructures, millimeter-wave (mmWave) networking is seen as one of the most promising paths out of the logjam. IEEE introduced a new standard, 802.11ad, that uses mmWave frequencies for delivering multi-Gigabit capacities in a wireless local area network setting. Such capacities, however, do not come for free. mmWave frequencies have poor propagation characteristics and suffer from blockage, whose consequences on the networking protocols are not fully understood. Throughout this thesis, we first aimed at an in-depth understanding of two key primitives in 802.11ad networks in environments rich with blockage: user association and reliability. Using offthe- shelf hardware and a multi-layer tracing tool allowing unprecedented granularity in the analysis of 802.11ad networks, we shed lights on blind spots regarding reliability at both link layer and transport layer. The key innovation of the mmWave standard is its beamforming training protocol. Executed periodically at the beginning of every beacon interval, it enables the formation of directional links. To address contention during the uplink part of beamforming training, 802.11ad introduced A-BFT, an Aloha-inspired, two-level backoff race. While central to initial access in 802.11ad networks, the performance of this protocol, however, remains poorly understood. We proposed an accurate analytical finite-population model for evaluating the performance of 802.11ad A-BFT under the assumption of ideal channel conditions. After using an open-source simulator to demonstrate its accuracy, we use our model to assess the performance of A-BFT. We find that a counter- intuitive, quit-easily/be-lazy approach by the stations leads to the best overall beamforming training performance
Delcuvellerie, Jean-Luc. "Ingénierie des systèmes d'automatisation de production : connaissances en conception des architectures de systèmes informatisés d'automatisation et outil d'analyse de la robustesse aux défaillances d'architectures réparties." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10050.
Lecuire, Vincent. "Gestion des systèmes et réseaux industriels." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10051.
Lu, Yaolian. "Contribution à l'étude des réseaux locaux de deuxième génération : fonctionnement et gestion." Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT026H.
Dodier, Rodolphe. "Formes d'organisation des systèmes locaux d'activité et d'emploi dans les Pays de la Loire." Le Mans, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LEMA0003.
The local labour market area (llma) is considered as pertinent scale of analysis questions concerning unemployment, employment, labour, etc. . . Due to the semantic fuzziness of this notion we give it up and we propose a new concept: the local system of activity and employment. At the inter-llma or intra-llma levels, the factor analysis and the classifications allow to study the evolution of the interactions between the economic sphere and the social sphere. In t the "pays de la loire" region and during the 1980's, the social geographical differentiations have increased. This phenomenon is due to the formation of lower income groups. The economic centralisation decrease because of the rearticulation of the fonctional structure at the llmas. In the same time, there is a selective centralisation process of some activities and functions. The rise of daily migrations is accompanied by an increase differentiation of flows. All these processes show a urban transition and a downwards-spread within the urban hierarchy. In this phase of development and with the labour market evolution, economic factors have an increase importance than social factors
Vanhaecke, Arnaud. "Cohomologie de systèmes locaux p-adiques sur les revêtements du demi-plan de Drinfeld." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS463.
This thesis is devoted to further developing the program of geometrization of the local p-adic Langlands correspondence, which was initiated by Colmez, Dospinescu and Niziol in their 2020 paper. They have shown that 2-dimensional Galois representations that are supercuspidal (implicitly de Rham) and with Hodge-Tate weights 0 and 1, appear in the p-adic étale cohomology of the coverings of Drinfeld's half-plane and that their multiplicity is given by the p-adic Langlands correspondence. The main result of this thesis is the generalization of this result in arbitrary weights, by considering the p-adic étale cohomology with coefficients in the symmetric powers of the universal local system on Drinfeld's tower. A striking novelty is the appearance of special representations in the cohomology of the tower with coefficients, with expected multiplicity. The key point is that the local systems which we consider turn out to be particularly simple: they are isotrivial opers.The first part of this thesis is devoted to the study of local isotrivial p-adic systems and to the calculation, in the case of isotrivial opers on curves, of a diagram linking the proetale cohomology of the local system to the Hyodo-Kato cohomology and the de Rham cohomology of the curve.The second part of this thesis is the application of these results to the case of the Drinfeld's tower, allowing the computation of the mentioned multiplicities
Gaston-Calmettes, Marie-Hélène. "Représentations sociales paradoxales du travail : étude de la dynamique représentationnelle : un cas illustratif, les systèmes d'échange local." Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20016.
You, Wei. "A Content-Centric Networking Node for a Realistic Efficient Implementation and Deployment." Télécom Bretagne, 2014. http://www.telecom-bretagne.eu/publications/publication.php?idpublication=14193.
The current IP based Internet architecture was designed in 70s. The development of new technologies and the evolution of Internet usages make the limitations of this design more visible, especially for the content delivery services. Facing this shortcoming, Van Jacobson and his PARC team proposed Content-Centric Network (CCN) in 2009. The CCN aims to build a content-oriented network, which means the entire networking architecture and all the networking activities are based on the content (content names in particular). The CCN proposal integrates many features such as on-path caching, security, multicast, and native mobility management. This novel proposal has many benefits but it brings also a lot of challenges for current hardware technologies. The transition from IP addresses to content names requires a large memory space to store the content names. However today's fast memory chip cannot meet this requirement. In this thesis I firstly focus on the PIT (Pending Interest Table) element in CCN routers. I propose a distributed PIT system based on the Bloom filter structure to reduce memory requirements and further improve routing performances. The principle of my proposal is that each CCN face manages its own PIT table instead of using a global table read/write lock for a centralized table. This distributed design resolves the information retrieval problem, which is a native shortcoming of Bloom filters. Thus treatment and routing speeds are improved. Thereafter I concentrate on the FIB (Forwarding Information Base) element. In the original CCN design, the FIB is filled by flooding content advertisement. With respect to the huge number of potential content names, this method not only explodes the capacity of FIB tables, but also introduces a high networking traffic. I propose a content-aware CCN forwarding system, which includes a content advertisement publish protocol, a FIB filling algorithm and a downstream forwarding element. In short, the content publish protocol requires that each advertisement is forwarded only towards certain nodes while the downstream forwarding element is a table that is in charge of discovering the other potential content sources. In the third contribution I propose an interface for interconnecting the CCN networking structure with the CDN services. The CDN service has so far been the way to address the content delivery issues of Internet. The key point of interconnecting CCN with CDN service is how to resolve the CDN repository miss-hit problem. The original CCN proposal does not enable efficient interconnection between CDN and CCN. I propose a system, which includes a CDN repository forwarding element and a CDN repository miss awareness mechanism. The former element is in charge of sending the related Interests towards the CDN repositories while the latter one aims to detect the CDN content miss and recover this lost
Lizotte, Mathieu. "L'échange en monnaie parallèle dans les systèmes d'échanges locaux : entre le don et l'échange marchand." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28540/28540.pdf.
Filippini, Rosalia. "Potentiel de production alimentaire de l'agriculture périurbaine : contribution des exploitations périurbaines aux systèmes alimentaires locaux." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGPT0049/document.
Periurban agriculture (PA) is becoming a central topic in research, involving debates from different disciplines. Agriculture performed in periurban areas is conceived as a tool to have territorial development and to give farmers a chance to maintain their activity. In Italy, analysis on PA have been especially done for metropolitan areas, while few studies have assessed PA under the influence of medium-sized cities, which are the most affected by the recent urbanization. While the debate has started in valorizing the PA’s multifunctionality, the recent claims on food security have arisen reflections on its potential contribution in feeding urban consumers, even in developed countries. The connection between PA and local food system (LFS) has been mobilized by several organizations and researchers, highlighting the environmental, economical and social benefits of such “proximal” production. Nevertheless several authors have claimed for in-depth analysis about the effective participation of farmers in LFS. Moreover, few studies have been focused on the practices put in place at territorial level by periurban farmers, in order to assess how productive strategies are integrated with farmers’ local commercial strategies. For this reason an agronomic analysis at territorial level is required. The overall purpose of this research is to develop a methodology for the assessment of the food production provided by PA and how it is integrated to LFS. To do so, the research answers to three questions: What current food production is performed by PA? How do farmers produce for the LFS? Under which conditions PA can produce for the LFS? The analysis is based on the interaction of two approaches: the farming system and the food system approaches. The case study is the PA around the city of Pisa, a medium-sized city located in Tuscany (Italy). The periurban area’s border consists of six municipalities, characterized by a recent urban sprawl and representative of Mediterranean coastal farming systems evolution. The analysis is based on interviews to farmers and the local buyers of their productions. The analysis shows that PA is composed by an heterogeneous composition of farms in terms of intensity, quantity, and quality of food production. There’s a high degree of heterogeneity of intensity’s production which is linked to heterogeneity of commercial choices between local and global food chains. This choice seems to be characterized mainly by indicators on farm management and land use, more than indicators on social characters of farmer, as age or formation. Considering the quantity of food production, the difference among potential, effective and real food capacity outlines the difference in estimates based on statistical and territorial analysis; it also quantifies the lack between what is effectively produced and what is really available for the LFS. This lack reflects different farmers’ strategies in participating in alternative and local food chains; especially most of the farmers coordinate hybrid strategies between alternative/local and conventional/global food chains. The network analysis highlights that even in LFS, farmers hybrid different typologies of local food networks. The parallel analysis of other LFS’ actors (processors and final sellers) demonstrates the difficulty in approaching a PA involved in such hybrid commercial strategies. If local buyers principally asserts that not all the production produced in periurban area is available for LFS, farmers reply that the capacity of producing for LFS is affected by several constraints mainly linked to regulation and commercial networks. Periurban farmers are thus adapting to the new opportunities of the geographical proximity to urban area, but an effort in coordinate such individual initiatives is needed. This coordination should integrate the territorial dimension that affects periurban food production, in order to better address issues on territorial development of such areas
Kineider, Clarence. "Partial abelianization of GLn-local systems and non-commutative A-coordinates." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023STRAD059.
In this thesis, we aim to study moduli spaces of G-local systems over a ciliated surface S for various Lie groups G. We generalize a construction of Gaiotto-Moore-Neitzke called abelianization, allowing this procedure to be conducted ''partially''. The result of this generalized procedure allow us to describe the topology of open dense subspaces inside the moduli space of GL_2n-local systems, and together with Eugen Rogozinnikov we extended further the abelianization procedure to symplectic local systems, allowing us to describe the topology of open dense subspaces inside the moduli space of symplectic local systems. In particular, we describe the topology of the set of maximal representations of a punctured surface group into a symplectic group Sp(A,s) over a symmetric algebra (A,s). Given the strong relations between the original construction by Gaiotto-Moore-Neitzke andFock-Goncharov cluster coordinates, another benefit of the generalized abelianization construction is that it help us define and study a non-commutative generalization of Fock-Goncharov A-coordinates. When G = GL_2n(R), we show that these non-commutative A-coordinates define a representation of the non-commutative algebra A_S introduced by Berenstein-Retakh. These non-commutative A-coordinates also restrict to non-commutative coordinates on the space of symplectic representations with lagrangian framing
Loubaresse, Elodie. "Caractéristiques et rôles de brokers de réseaux inerorganisationnels : Le cas des réseaux locaux d'organisations." Paris 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA020087.
Elmakhchouni, Mohammed. "Contribution à l’étude d'un système graphique intelligent pour la planification urbaine : SYGRIPOS, simulation visuelle des plans d'occupation des sols." Lyon, INSA, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ISAL0061.
In strategical planning, evidence shows that it is piratically impossible to imagine future urban forms in the framework of a given regulation. It is due especially to the complexity of land parcel shapes and the side-effects generated through amalgamation of planning rules regarding land built forms. Computer Image Generation allows the visual simulation of land built forms,but the evolution of planning rules during the land use design steps can be understood only by means of an Artificial Intelligence approach. In this dissertation, we first analyse land use plans and study the influence of planning rules on the types of land built forms. Secondly , we present the architecture of the SYGRIPOS system and the realised prototype in PROLOG and FORTRAN. This system allows: - starting from an initial project (planning rules are considered as expert rules), to conduct the evolution of regulation during the rule making process; - then the visualisation of side-effects on future land built forms by using architectural rules and local practice rules as well. As results, some examples are given and also a complete e schema for pushing the system into practice. Thanks to such a system, town planners will to be able to concentrate their effort on the sensitive points of regulation and citizens will ameliorate their perception of their future environment
Sarrazin, François. "Le lien communautaire, le coeur du phénomène districal : application à l'agriculture." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100014.
This study presents an interpretation of the way in which contemporary producing agricultural basins function, using the district model and the definition of an ideal type of the district phenomenon, corresponding to the simultaneous presence of the three main regulating forms of social exchange : commerce, redistribution and giving. The original aspect of this approach can be found in the anthropological discussion of the notion of community, through the interpretation of the giving paradigm in archaic and traditional societies in the area of the sacred and the religious, to which a general character has been attributed. The model is established starting with the sociology of organizations that take into account the specific characteristics of their agricultural participants, the systems for organized action that they create, and the social dynamics associated with them. In this way, a definition of the various agricultural communities is established. Five case studies test this ideal district
Ben, Hamida Elyiès. "Modélisation stochastique et simulation des réseaux sans fil multi-sauts." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0063/these.pdf.
A wireless multi-hop network is a self-organizing network where entities communicate wirelessly without the need of a centralized base station. The end-to-end connection is accomplished through multi-hop communication. This thesis relates to the problem of modeling and simulation of wireless multi-hop networks and is divided into three main parts. First, we address the problem of the design of neighbor discovery protocols. We propose a stochastic modeling of the network, the nodes and the radio channel. We then analytically analyse the impact of the physical layer modeling on the performance of hello protocols and we propose a method to adapt the protocol parameters to meet application constraints. A real scenario from the MOSAR project is analyzed. In the second part, we consider the problem of simulation of wireless multi-hop networks. We first provide a detailed comparative study of various existing simulators and we introduce the WSNet simulation environment. Using WSNet we investigate the impact of the physical layer modeling on the behavior of high-level protocols. Finally, in the last part, we address the problem of data dissemination in wireless sensor networks with mobile sinks. We introduce the LBDD protocol which is based on the concept of virtual infrastructure. We then evaluate and compare LBDD to different approaches using theoretical analysis and simulation
Dadas, Azzedine. "Demande intérieure, croissance et spécialisations : comparaisons internationales." Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL12005.
Adaptation to world's demand jeopardizes employment, production, and trade balance and weakens at a structural level the adjustment of the national production to the domestic demand. The risks, measurable or not, of a market gap policy proves that this adjustment commands the grades of international competitiveness and that the basis of the specialization mecanism is to be found in the growth prospects of the domestic demand. It is thus in the competitiveness restructuration and in the development of one's own domestic demand that economy will find the keys of the required growth. The specialization policy appears thus first as an industrial policy and then as a commercial one and its aim is to maintain, or even recreate, the conditions of a good productive system. Recovery thanks to investments reveales very advantageous for industrial redeployment if these investments are turned towards new technologies and towards an increase in productivity. Efforts must thus be concentrated as well on the human and financial capacities of the firms as on the quality of the technologies to which they have access according to the growth prospects of the national demand which makes intervene profitability and outlets correlatively
Lengoumbi, Makogha Carle. "Accès multiple OFDMA pour les systèmes cellulaires post 3G : allocation de ressources et ordonnancement." Paris,ENST, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENST0003.
The thesis deals with radio resource allocation in wireless metropolitan area networks based on OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access). Several applications for wireless networks demand high data rates. OFDMA is a multiple access technique based on OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access). It takes advantage of multiuser diversity and enables high data rates. The first part of the thesis considers subcarrier and power allocation. In a single cell network, an algorithm is proposed to maximize the cell data rate with ensuring individual rates to users (Rate adaptive optimization). Data rates are ontained under subchannelization and compared to data rates obtained under individual subcarrier allocation. In a multicell network, a new algorithm using a dynamic frequency reuse factor is described. In a second part, scheduling is studied. The main goal is to provide delay guaranties to real time flows, maximize throughput of non real time flows while insuring proportional fairness to the flows. GPS (Global Processor Sharing) extensions are examined. Two algorithms derived from the WFS ( Wireless Fair Service) are defined. Performances are characterized and compared to existing algorithms in OFDMA. One of them, the OWFS (Opportunist Wireless Fair Service) algorithm is shown to maximize the data rate of non real time flows. Besides, thanks to the delay weight parameter, it is also possible to maintain a satisfying drop rate for real time flows
Wargnier-Petitjean, Sabine. "Contribution à la définition d'une gestion intégrée des réseaux, systèmes et applications dans un contexte multimédia productique." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10010.
The control systems of new industrial systems have become a complex process and their correct functioning partly depends on the safety and coherence of the data which are transmitted on their communication support. Besides, in the near future, the applications of the CIM (Computer lntegrated Manufacturing) context will use the new information technologies as multimedia. For network management, this has resulted in a more important role because in formation types have some very various communication characteristics. The research presented in this work contributes to redefining this role and uses Automatic concepts as a reference in order be better integrated into production systems. After an in-depth study of multimedia and its implications in the architectures of communication and management, there follows a presentation and discussion of the research carried out in the field of computer networks, telecommunication networks and local area networks. An integral reference architecture allowing for the inclusion of several viewpoints has been defined. In order to clarify its notions, an approach using Automatic control structures has been put forward and the interest in this approach is apparent in the several examples used. Finally, a detailed description of the implementation of the management application adapted to our experimental platform is given. Attention is particularly focused on management needs induced by the MMS (Manufacturing Message Specification) type of industrial communication environment which leads to the specification of management objects and agents adapted to this context
Wack, Maxime. "Méthode de description de réseaux locaux industriels hétérogènes." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD419.
Drubigny, Catherine. "Les entrepreneurs et la politique en France et en Italie : étude de cas comparée du petit et moyen patronat dans les systèmes industriels localisés vendéens et vicentins." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100075.
Rizzo, Pantaleo. "L'imaginaire multilatéral : système d'intérinformation et reliance multilatérale profils sémantiques de LETS, SEL, TR, BdT, SRI." Grenoble 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE2A010.
Mourgues, Nicolas de. "Contribution à la recherche et à la formalisation d'un noyau fonctionnel commun pour les réseaux locaux et les communications associées." Paris 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA020059.
Tje local area networds were an essential issue in the 80s, whereas 10 years later, multimedia and the data highways have become the preponderant therne. The present thesis shows that the lans will dominate in the furture and will base on the most modern communication techniques. It means they will even and for example base on the national and international data networks, on the distributed object oriented databases and on the virtural reality. A first study of the lan standard quality gives to the reader a complete view of the theme. A technical comparison between several local area network conceptions gives the the present stage of development of these lans. A last part basing on the preceding study and on the new information technologies proposes a formation of functions that can be used as implantation base for the future computer operating systems with thue aim to totally realize the most important features of the lans which are the distribution attributes
Papadogiannis, Agisilaos. "Systèmes et techniques pour Multi-Cell MIMO et relayage coopératif dans les réseaux sans fil." Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00598244.
The constantly increasing demand for wireless services, the scarcity of radio spectrum and the characteristics of the global wireless market, necessitate that future wireless systems (Fourth Generation Mobile - 4G) provide higher peak data rates and better QoS, especially for the cell-edge users. Furthermore it is essential that they achieve high spectral efficiencies and they are easily deployed. In order to be able to accomplish these objectives, wireless systems need to incorporate technologies that increase the cell throughput without increasing spectral consumption. A very promising technique that can achieve the aforementioned targets is Multicell Cooperative Processing (MCP) or Multicell-MIMO. MCP has the potential to mitigate Inter-Cell Interference (ICI) and augment data rates without sacrificing additional spectrum but at the cost of some overhead and complexity. According to the concept of clustered MCP proposed in this thesis, Base Stations (BSs) are grouped into cooperation clusters, each of which contains a subset of the network BSs. The BSs of each cluster exchange information and jointly process signals as they form virtual antenna arrays distributed in space. In these systems, each user receives useful signals from several BSs and therefore the notion of a cell transcends the one of the conventional cellular systems. Although Multicell-MIMO is a technique that can help meet a lot of the challenges towards 4G systems, it has some intrinsic drawbacks that need to be addressed in order for it to be brought into practice; this is the main focus of the present thesis. Firstly the problem of how to optimally form BS cooperation clusters of limited size has been investigated. MCP's overheads are proportional to the size of cooperation clusters, therefore this size should be kept limited. The straightforward solution of forcing neighboring BSs to collaborate provides limited gains. In this thesis it is proposed that the BSs which interfere the most with each other should cooperate rather the ones that are in close proximity. This is shown to lead to significant spectral efficiency gains while cluster sizes are kept very small. The typical centralized architectural conception for MCP entails that the BSs of each cooperation cluster should be inter-connected through a control unit and exchange Channel State Information (CSI). This conception impedes the deployment of MCP systems as it implies additional infrastructural costs. In this thesis a new decentralized framework has been proposed that allows the incorporation of MCP by the conventional cellular systems with very few changes upon their architecture. Mobile Stations (MSs) feed back their CSI not only to one BS as in current systems, but they broadcast this information to all collaborating BSs, and the resulting inter-BS CSI information exchange requirement is minimal. In the downlink, a major overhead of MCP that needs to be mitigated is the one of CSI over-the-air feedback (i. E. Mobile to base). Furthermore the collaborating BSs need to exchange the user data to be transmitted through the backhaul (backhaul overhead). For downlink communication under Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD), each user needs to estimate and feed back to the system infrastructure (one or more BSs) a number of channel coefficients, equal at least to the number of collaborating antennas at each subcarrier in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). This feedback load renders the deployment of MCP prohibitive in large scale deployments. In this thesis we suggest the use of a selective feedback approach. In this setup only the significant coefficients are fed back by the users; the ones whose channel gain exceeds a threshold. This approach can be also exploited in reducing backhaul overhead through scheduling or precoding design. It is shown that this is a good tradeoff between performance and overheads that can facilitate the incorporation of MCP by future systems. Another promising technique that can increase spectral efficiency of wireless systems is cooperative relaying. In this thesis the utilization of dynamic relays (user terminals relay signals) in cellular systems is investigated. Dynamic relays are more cost effective than static ones, as they bring the gains of relaying without the need for costly new infrastructure. However their utilization entails very high overheads and complexities (CSI feedback requirements, relay selection process). In the present dissertation the performance of dynamic relays in different cellular environments is assessed from a system level point of view and some novel techniques that exploit dynamic relays while requiring minimal overhead are presented. The overheads of relaying are proportional to the number of considered relay candidates (relay selection process). It is suggested that for a specific transmission only a small but suitable set of relay nodes are considered as relaying candidates. This is an efficient method to benefit from dynamic relays while circumventing their drawbacks
Lima, Rabelo de Souza Dayane. "Étude des politiques d'appui aux Arrangements Productifs Locaux (APL) dans l'État du Ceará (Brésil) à la lumière des expériences françaises des Systèmes Productifs Locaux (SPL) et Pôles de Compétitivité." Bordeaux 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR40033.
The question of regional economic imbalance has been a shared world concern over the past few years. Whereas certain areas keep being identified as great production and consumption centres characterised by increasing or renewed competitiveness, others survive on the basis of structures depending on external products and capital. With an aim of discovering the factors contributing to the development of a particular region, various theories and analyses have been advanced and in particular the one related to the productive conglomeration of companies. In this way, several countries conducted regional development policies intended to support these new productive realities based on the comparative advantages of productive companies’ clusters. It was the case, for example, of France, through its strong support to the “Systèmes Productifs Locaux” (SPL or Local Productive Systems) and more recently to the “Pôle de compétitivité” (or competitiveness centres). This phenomenon has also initiated reflections in the developing countries, and encouraged a renewed debate over the concepts more adapted to local realities, as it is the case of Brazil and its policy in favour of “Arranjos Produtivos Locais”-APL. In this thesis, we analyze public policies in support of the APL in Brazil starting from case studies realised in the State of Ceará in the light of the French experience
Kasprzak, Casimir. "Étude des couplages inter-réseaux pour la fabrication intégrée par ordinateur." Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN10392.
Crespo, Cepas Juan. "Understanding cluster dynamics in evolutionary economic geography : essays on the structure of networks and clusters life style." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10036/document.
The main objective of this thesis is to study clusters’ evolution. The literature on clusters has widely studied why clusters exist and how they favor innovation, productivity and growth. Our concern is to study how these effects hold over time. Therefore, we aim at identifying the determinants of dynamic performance of clusters to explain why some clusters decline while others keep working by continuous renewal. To do so, this thesis approaches clusters from a network perspective. We contend that clusters with heterogeneous network structures exhibit different capacities to associate and dissociate cluster’s evolution and industrial/technological cycle at the right moment. Thus, we identify the properties of network structures that favor dynamic performance of clusters or cluster resilience. We support our theoretical developments with empirical insights in two different contexts. On the one hand, we study the structure of clusters in the European mobile phone industry. On the other hand, we analyze the structure of relations between cheese producers in Aculco (Mexico). The main result of this work is that network hierarchy, network disassortativity and the interplay between different networks (multiplexity) influence the capacity of clusters to avoid negative lock-in leading to cluster failure, and favor lock-out to enhance cluster continuation, i.e. extending the life of the cluster
Ben, Halima Slim. "Gestion des interférences pour les réseaux de femtocells en se basant sur les techniques MIMO coopératives." Rennes, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAR0028.
In this work we address the interference problem generated in a network of femtocells cooperating at channel state information level and not at user data level. In a first part, we investigate some cooperation strategies based on conventional MIMO pre-coding techniques such as maximum ratio transmission and zero forcing. These strategies are designed for some particular deployments especially those where operators aim at offering some fair QoS for their subscribers. In a second part, we exploit the interference alignment (IA) technique to manage the interference issues. We propose in a first step three joint clustering and scheduling schemes for overloaded femtocell networks where IA is not feasible on all the links. The complexity of these clustering schemes is reduced in a second phase. Then, we design a distributed algorithm for the constant MIMO IC that aims at ensuring a set of signal to interference plus noise ratios (SINRs) at the different streams of all the links in the network. The motivation behind this algorithm is that IA is not always the best strategy depending on system signal to noise ratio. Finally, we tackle the issue of the choice of the target SINRs. We propose three network coordination algorithms aiming at optimizing the used target SINRs to run the already proposed distributed algorithm
Abdulmalak, Abdo. "Contrôle de congestion dans les réseaux locaux ATM : conception et validation de l'algorithme "Adaptive Leaky Bucket"." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30071.
Briot, Benoît. "Etude de l'automatisation du circuit du médicament et de l'informatisation des pharmacies des hôpitaux locaux au gie iris." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05P032.
Vallérugo, Franck. "Dynamique des villes moyennes et comportement des entreprises." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010634.
Estebe, Jean-Pierre. "Évaluation pré-clinique de systèmes thérapeutiques microparticulaires à libération contrôlée de bupivacaine dans les techniques d'anesthésie loco-régionale périphérique." Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN1BA55.
Ivanova-Lamouret, Mila. "Conception et caractérisation de circuits intégrés radiofréquences pour les réseaux sans fil." Rennes, INSA, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ISAR0002.
The aim of this work of thesis was to study the possibility to integrate some functionalities of the emission/reception systems for wireless modems : mixer and voltage controlled oscillator, using 0,8 µm BiCMOS SiGe technology of AMS. The first chapter presents some standards for the wireless local area networks and summarizes the frequencies, the access techniques and the modulations used by these standards. The second chapter is dedicated to an introduction to the emission/reception systems. The third chapter presents a little history of the integrated technologies for the wireless communication systems development. The fourth chapter is dedicated to the integrated inductances modelling. The fifth chapter presents the design and the characterization of an voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) applicable to the emission/reception systems for wireless networks. The sixth chapter is dedicated to the design and the characterization of a mixer " downconverter "
Damamme, Jonathan. "Approche multi-agents pour les problèmes de partage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066647.
This thesis covers distributed resources allocation setting, without money balance, where agents have limited knowledge of the system. This thesis will use local swaps, i.e. bilateral deals, where one resource is exchanged for another. This work is divided in two parts. The first part focus the house market, with a very simple mechanism and agents don't use knowledge. The aim will to show that it has however good performances. For this, I will compare the algorithm with those of literature. I will also prove that in the single-peaked domains, this mechanism is Pareto-optimal. The second part examines a general framework. The mechanism contains three sub-protocols : contact protocol, negotiation protocols, and stop conditions. Each protocol will be described and experimented
Ternant, Evelyne. "La dynamique longue d'un système productif localisé : l'industrie de la montre en Franche-Comté." Université Pierre Mendès France (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE21003.
In this thesis, evolutionism and Transaction Cost Economics approaches are applied to understand a forty years long term evolution of Franche-Comté's watch industry. In an evolution outlook, the all over industrial trajectory starts up from Local System Productive initial conditions under mechanical watch type. The coordination defects, analysed by Transaction Cost Economics, induce durable difficulties on cooperation, while hyperspecialization is scarcely propitious to technological transformations as electronic watch and world market changes. Some institutions manage to escape the heavy tendancies and innovate but their efforts could not stop a regression tendancy due to time lap between the slow transformation process of institutions and the fast desintegration of industrial system
Hernandez, Sébastien. "Evaluation et optimisation du mécanisme de Handhover dans un Réseau Local Sans Fil dédié aux applications à trafic contraint par le temps." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. https://theses.hal.science/docs/00/70/32/74/PDF/2006CLF21682.pdf.
Hernandez, Sébastien. "Evaluation et optimisation du mécanisme de Handhover dans un Réseau Local Sans Fil dédié aux applications à trafic contraint par le temps." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00703274.
Assous, Noureddine. "Etude des capteurs intelligents à transmission sans fil dans les milieux industriels sévères." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ISAL0113.
[Communication between electrical and electronic systems in industrial environments was for a long time assured through wired connection very costly in material and installation labour. The modern wireless RF transmission techniques intend to reduce or even put away this expensive cabling. The work of this thesis finds its origin in the need to replace wired transmission by RF1 transmission inside instrumented industrial machines. Its goal is to give an answer to a specific problem which is the study concerning intelligent wireless transmission sensors inside industrial harsh environments. After presentation of the work context and project roots in the first chapter, a review on wireless smart sensors is further provided. A comparison and analysis of standardization aspects and different published research results gave us the opportunity to draw the principal axes of our working field. The second part of our work is dedicated to research solutions permitting to specify the technical characteristics and conditions to satisfy to develop and promote the wireless transmission sensors inside harsh industrial environments. Next, we aim to provide the most suitable conditions, like for example, choice of frequency bands, rate. . Etc. Chapters four and five are consequently dedicated to the theoretical study concerning monochromatical and large band propagation in the vicinity of the boat engines. The models and simulation results are presented inside these chapters. The sixth and last chapter is dedicated to the practical results concerning wireless transmission inside ship engine rooms. ]
Aoudi, Marc. "Agglomération : réseaux et accès au marché dans la nouvelle économie géographique." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010067.
Zairi, Sajeh. "Stratégies de configuration pour l’optimisation de la consommation énergétique dans les réseaux de capteurs." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0062/these.pdf.
Because of their miniature size, the sensors are highly constrained on energy. The deployment of these networks in remote or sensitive areas makes impossible the recharge or the replacement of the batteries. It is therefore imperative that the nodes configure them-self to maximize the lifetime of the network. This configuration includes the decisions of activation and the determination of the paths connecting each node to the base station. While part of the nodes ensures the achievement of the application, others are deactivated to conserve their energy. The active nodes must covert an area as wide as that covered by the set of initially deployed nodes. To maximize the lifetime of the network, which is a function of the node's energy, the premature loss of a subset of highly used nodes must be avoided. Consequently, the proposed algorithms are based on energy criteria. The nodes having a minimum energy are more privileged to be deactivated and the determiner paths must avoid them. The determined paths seek a compromise between two conflicting criteria: cost of transmission and minimum energy belonging to the path. No weight is associated with these criteria. The comparison of the paths is based on the concept of Pareto dominance. A deactivation priority, introduced between neighboring nodes, avoids the phases of negotiation and thus reduced energy costs for decision making. Validation of these algorithms was initially done through simulations. In a second step, a more comprehensive validation was performed based on a new model of high level Petri nets (RdPHN). This model is hierarchical, global and generic. The hierarchical model includes different levels of abstraction. It is global as it incorporates the behavior of various components forming the sensor network: nodes and base stations. Thus, it validates the overall behavior of the network and not the conduct of specific protocols as is the case with most of the existing work. This model is generic because it is independent of the network component's specificity. In addition, the used model incorporates a model of energy consumption. What makes possible the validation of different criteria for this use: as the worst case lifetime (which can not be obtained through simulations). The model also included an image of the environment as it is perceived by the nodes. This image can interface the proposed model with other models representing the behavior of the environment