Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Systèmes électroniques corrélés'
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Limelette, Patrice. "Propriétés de transport de systèmes électroniques fortement corrélés." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003545.
Full textHackenberger, Christian. "Développement de modèles pour la description de structures de basse dimensionalité dans des systèmes électroniques corrélés." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2074.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the theoretical understanding of the magnetic properties of Ca3Co2O6. The crystalline structure of this nonmetallic compound is a hexagonal perovskite. The magnetic and electric properties of Ca3Co2O6 present a strongly unidimensional character, and this compound can be described in a simplified way as a hexagonal lattice of Co-O3 chains. Directed along the c axis of the crystal these chains are made of alternating CoO6 trigonal prisma and octahedra. Experimental results suggest that only the cobalt atoms in prismatic environment carry a magnetic moment and that these moments align ferromagnetically along the chains below a temperature of approximately 25 K. On top of this ferromagnetic order an antiferromagnetic order in the orthogonal directions also appears at lower temperatures. The aim of the thesis is to clarify the microscopic causes of the ferromagnetic coupling in the c direction. Indeed the application of the standard rules to Ca3Co2O6 predicts an antiferromagnetic coupling along the chains. Based on the oncepts of superexchange and cyclic exchange we determine the energy difference between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic orders within fourth, and even fifth, order in perturbation theory. A particular difficulty arises from the consideration of the local spin-orbit interaction which is necessary to account for the strong magnetic anisotropy of Ca3Co2O6. In conjunction with the high orders in perturbation theory this small energy scale requires a special treatment of quasidegenerate states, which is presented for the first time in this work. It is obtained that in a finite parameter range the searched ferromagnetic order can indeed be stabilized in this way
Pourret, Alexandre. "L'effet Nernst dans les systèmes corrélés : étude des fluctuations supraconductrices dans NbxSi1-x et des ordres électroniques dans PrFe4P12." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443883.
Full textPourret, Alexandre. "L' effet Nernst dans les systèmes corrélés : étude des fluctuations supraconductrices dans NbxSi1-x et des ordres électroniques dans PrFe4P12." Paris 6, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443883.
Full textRodolakis, Fanny. "Spectroscopies à l'aide du rayonnement synchrotron appliquées aux systèmes fortement corrélés : Transition métal-isolant dans les oxydes de vanadium." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00456986.
Full textMansart, Barbara. "Dynamique des électrons et des phonons dans les systèmes fortement corrélés : transition de Mott dans V2O3 et supraconductivité dans les pnictures de fer." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00553616.
Full textMandal, Ritwika. "Time-resolved XRD study of size dependence in the photoinduced phase change in transition metal oxides." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023URENS096.
Full textIn recent years with the development of ultrafast and intense laser, unprecedented opportunities have emerged to modify macroscopic properties of materials in ultrafast and efficient manner. Advanced probing technique, in particular time-resolved X-ray diffraction, allows to probe the structure of photo-excited materials with relevant time resolutions, from sub-ps to us and beyond. This study primarily focuses on correlated electron systems, namely T i 3 O 5 and V 2 O 3 compounds. It has been recently demonstrated that strain wave is the pathway for macroscopic transformation in photo-excitable volume changing materials. Here, we sought to understand this strain wave mechanism in correlated electron systems by studying two systems with contrasting volume changes across phase transitions. The semiconductor (β-) to metal (λ-) phase transition in T i 3 O 5 is associated with a significant volume expansion. V 2 O 3 , on the other hand, undergoes both volume contraction and symmetry breaking during the insulator (AFI) to metal (PM) transition. A part of this work is dedicated to the switching mechanism on the nanosecond times scale in T i 3 O 5 . On these time-scales, the transition from β- to λ-phase propagates within and across grain boundaries (between nanocrystals). We show that this dynamics depends of the size of the nanocrystals. We monitor how the photo-induced phase grows upon dissipating heat, and seek correlations of this slow process with nanoscopic patterns left by strain driven transition occurring on the ultrafast timescale. The results are rationalised with numerical simulation based on a 2D-model of heat diffusion, which maps the phase distribution of the polycrystalline samples. In V 2 O 3 , the ultrafast dynamics are governed by the longitudinal strain propagation within the film thickness and shear strain within the crystallites. Thanks to the morphology of the sample and homogeneous photoexcitation, no late response was observed in this case. The study shows an evidence of phase separation at intermediate laser fluence and complete transformation at saturating fluence at 100 ps time delay after photoexcitation
Texier, Yoan. "Diagramme de phase et corrélations électroniques dans les supraconducteurs à base de Fer : une étude par RMN." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869743.
Full textBrignolo, Stefania. "Structure électronique de systèmes à électrons fortement corrélés et diffusion inélastique résonante des rayons X." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066780.
Full textStrongly correlated electron systems often show unexpected properties, such as high temperature superconductivity or colossal magnetoresistance. Up to now understanding these intriguing features is a challenge for solid state physics because no sufficiently reliable models exist for explaining the driving forces behind these properties. This thesis work is a contribution to the experimental effort aiming at the determination of the electronic structure of strongly correlated electron systems that offer a potential technological interest or in which new excitation modes have been suggested. The work is centered on the investigation by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) of low-energy excitations (d-d excitations, charge transfer excitations, spin flips, …) that play an essential role in controlling the characteristics of these materials. The experiments have been performed at the SEXTANTS beamline of the French synchrotron source SOLEIL, using the AERHA spectrometer that combines high resolving power and high throughput. Three systems have been investigated: MnAs/GaAs(001) which is an attractive material for use in ferromagnet/semiconductor heterostructures; Y1−xCaxTiO3, in which the presence of orbiton excitation has been predicted; FeCr2S4 which exhibits a giant magneto-optical response the origin of which is not understood. Thanks mainly to the bulk sensitivity, to the chemical selectivity, and to the selection rules of RIXS, key issues on these materials were addressed. In particular the evidence of orbiton excitation in Y1−xCaxTiO3 is given and the excitations at the origin of the magneto-optical effects in FeCr2S4 are identified
Dai, Ji. "Low-dimensional electron systems studied by angle- and spin-resolved photoemission spectroscopy." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS345.
Full textMaterials in which many-body interactions, low-dimensional confinement, and/or strong spin-orbit coupling are present show a rich variety of phenomena, but are still poorly understood. Essential information about the origin of such phenomena can be obtained by measuring their electronic structure. This thesis presents an experimental study of the electronic structure of some low-dimensional and/or strongly correlated materials of current fundamental interest, using angle- and spin-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES and SARPES). In the introductory part, I present my work on two innovative textbook examples showing how interactions affect the band structure of a material: the coupling of electrons with phonons in a Debye distribution in a two-dimensional electron system (2DES) in ZnO, a wide-band-gap oxide semiconductor used in photovoltaic applications, and the splitting induced by strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in the bulk valence band of ZnTe, another important semiconductor used in optoelectronic devices. Then, in the rest of this thesis, I discuss my original results in three different low-dimensional systems of current interest: 1.The realisation of a 2DES at the (110) surface of SnO₂, the first of its kind in a rutile structure. Tunability of its carrier density by means of temperature or Eu deposition and robustness against surface reconstructions and exposure to ambient conditions make this 2DES promising for applications. By means of a simple redox reaction on the surface, this work has proven that oxygen vacancies can dope the conduction band minimum at the surface of SnO₂, solving a long-debated issue about their role in n-type doping in SnO₂. 2.The study of topological surface states in M₂Te₂X (with M = Hf, Zr, or Ti; and X = P or As), a new family of three-dimensional topological metals, originating from SOC and being protected by time-reversal symmetry. Their electronic structure and spin texture, studied by ARPES and SARPES, reveal the presence of massless Dirac fermions giving rise to Dirac-node arcs. 3.The investigation of the quasi-one-dimensional heavy-fermion material YbNi₄P₂, which presents a second-order quantum phase transition from a ferromagnetic to a paramagnetic phase upon partial substitution of phosphorous by arsenide. Such a transition is expected to occur only in zero- or one-dimensional systems, but a direct measurement of the electronic structure of ferromagnetic quantum-critical materials was missing so far. By careful in-situ preparation and cleaning of the surface of YbNi₄P₂ single crystals, which are impossible to cleave, their electronic structure has been successfully measured by ARPES, thus effectively unveiling the quasi-one-dimensionality of YbNi₄P₂. Moreover, the protocol used to make this material accessible to ARPES can be readily generalised to other exotic materials lacking a cleavage plane
Bourgeois, Antonin. "Structure électronique des Cobaltates de Sodium NaxCoO2." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00419894.
Full textLe cas des premiers oxydes de métaux de transition, pour lesquels les orbitales de valence sont des orbitales 3d, est particulièrement intéressant. Le nombre quantique principal n = 3 est le plus faible autorisé pour la valeur l = 2 du nombre quantique angulaire : ainsi, étant déjà orthogonales aux autres orbitales par leur partie angulaire, les orbitales 3d n'ont pas besoin de noeuds dans leur partie radiale et sont donc assez localisées autour du noyau. La formation de bandes de conduction est possible (malgré le faible recouvrement direct entre orbitales 3d), mais en même temps les porteurs de charge sont soumis à de fortes interactions locales. A cause de ces corrélations, certains oxydes de métaux de transition (comme LaTiO3) sont isolants bien que leur bande 3d ne soit que partiellement remplie et qu'on attendrait donc une conductivité métallique. La localisation électronique peut aussi mener à la formation de moments magnétiques locaux, et l'interaction de ces derniers avec les porteurs de charge mobiles confère aux
Manganates leur propriété de magnéto-résistance géante. Enfin, on ne peut ne pas mentionner la célèbre famille des Cuprates CuO, pour lesquelles une supraconductivité haute Tc a été découverte en 1986.
Parmi les oxydes de métaux de transition, les Cobaltates dopées au sodium NaxCoO2 suscitent elles aussi un grand intérêt. Leur fort pouvoir thermoélectrique associé à une faible résistivité suggère de possibles applications en réfrigération. Leur diagramme des phases fait apparaître la coexistence d'électrons de conduction et de moments magnétiques localisés, ainsi qu'une phase supraconductrice (ce sont donc les seuls oxydes de transition 3d supraconducteurs, avec les Cuprates et les Titanates). Comme dans les Cuprates, leur structure cristallographique est lamellaire et quasi-bidimensionnelle, mais contrairement à ces dernières où les Cu forment un réseau carré, les Co sont agencés en un réseau triangulaire susceptible de frustrer des interactions magnétiques. Malgré les nombreux travaux qui ont été consacrés à ces composés, la description de base de leur structure de bandes est sujette à controverse et les calculs “premiers principes” demeurent en désaccord avec les expériences de photoémission.
Le travail présenté ici vise à obtenir un modèle effectif capable de prédire les bonnes excitations de basse énergie des Cobaltates de sodium. Après un chapitre d'introduction générale sur ces composés, j'exposerai les limites des calculs théoriques déjà effectués puis je décrirai la dérivation de notre modèle effectif avant de présenter les résultats obtenus. Des annexes seront
consacrées plus précisément aux méthodes théoriques discutées dans ce manuscrit.
Hafid, Hamid. "Etude de l'ionisation par impact électronique des systèmes à un électron actif (2S) : utilisation de fonctions d'onde corrélées pour la description du double continuum." Metz, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1994/Hafid.Hamid.SMZ9422.pdf.
Full textThe simple ionization of one active (2s) electron systems is studied theoretically. After having studied the three body problem and adopted Pluvinage type approximate solutions for the double continnum a computational procedure is developped for the determination of the differential cross section of such collisions. The first application treat the ionization of atomic hydrogen in it 2s metastable. The results are in good agreement with those obtained by second Born approximation order and a modified Glauder approximation calculation. Some interesting kinematical situations are explored for experiments. In the second part the ionization of lithium is investigated. A model potential is used for the core electrons. The results are in good agreement with the existing experimental measurements. Some advantageous experimental situations are proposed. This work allowed the extension of the double continuum wave functions to alkali systems
Rossi, Matteo. "La diffusion inélastique résonante de rayons X sur systèmes corrélés induit par l'interaction spin-orbite : applications scientifiques et développements instrumentaux." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY089/document.
Full textIridium oxides (iridates) have raised notable attention in the last decade due to the identification of a Mott insulating state realized by the joint action of crystal field, electron correlation, and spin-orbit coupling. Such state has been intensively investigated and novel quantum phases and excitations have been theoretically predicted and experimentally found. Undoubtedly, one of the most employed techniques to elucidate the low-energy physics of iridates is resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS). At the iridium L3 edge, it benefits from a particularly good energy resolution, which matches the energy scales of the relevant excitations, and from a favorable inelastic cross-section. The aim of the present thesis is twofold: conceive challenging instrumental upgrades that contribute to the advancement of the technique itself, and apply RIXS to inspect the magnetic and electronic properties of selected iridates.The main instrumental development concerns the design of a new RIXS spectrometer with polarization resolution. Polarization analysis of the scattered X-rays provides useful information about the symmetry and thus the nature of an excitation. However, it is rather unexploited because of severe technical challenges when energy resolution and efficiency must be preserved. The designed RIXS spectrometer with polarization analysis capabilities is still under construction, however the optical scheme has been validated by preliminary tests. Full polarization analysis is expected without degradation of energy resolution or efficiency with respect to current state-of-the-art RIXS spectrometers. Additional technical developments include sample-environment equipment to perform RIXS experiments in low-temperature and high-pressure conditions. The equipment has been successfully utilized to investigate the magnetic dynamics of the bilayer-perovskite Sr3Ir2O7 below its Néel temperature and up to 12 GPa. Our measurements provide additional observations that may sharpen the challenge to theoretical understanding of the magnetic dynamics of this material. Moreover, we demonstrate for the first time that RIXS experiments of the magnetic dynamics can be extended to unexplored thermodynamic conditions.Besides instrumental advances, additional experimental work has been carried out in order to study the magnetic and electronic excitations of the post-perovskite CaIrO3. Owing to its peculiar crystal structure, featuring both edge- and corner-sharing octahedra, the magnetic interactions of CaIrO3 are very different along orthogonal directions. In particular, the inhibition of the Heisenberg coupling along the edge-sharing direction induces one-dimensional magnetic behavior with characteristic fractional spinon-like excitations, which have been detected by RIXS. Electronic excitations are also found to have particular properties. Finally, I have focused on the electronic structure of Rb2[IrF6], which was theoretically predicted to realize a Mott insulating state similar to the one of iridium oxides. RIXS measurements helped to elucidate the electronic properties of this compound. The robustness of the electronic state has been tested against substitutions of the alkali metal and halogen, and application of physical pressure.The present work extends the potential of the RIXS technique to domains previously unexplored, i.e. polarization analysis of the scattered X-rays and high-pressure low-temperature experiments. I hope that the instrumental upgrades and applications of RIXS discussed in this thesis will further promote the technique as a powerful and reliable tool to characterize elementary excitations in correlated-electron systems
Ben, aziza Sassi. "Etude d'un système de conversion analogique-numérique rapide de grande résolution adapté aux nouvelles générations de capteurs d'images CMOS." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT056.
Full textCMOS technologies represent nowadays more than 90% of image sensors market given their features namely the possibility of integrating entire intelligent systems on the same chip (SoC = System-On-Chip). Thereby, allowing the implementation of more and more complex algorithms in the new generations of image sensors.New techniques have emerged like high dynamic range reconstruction which requires the acquisition of several images to build up one, thus multiplying the frame rate.These new constraints require a drastic increase of image rate for sensors ofconsiderable size (Up to 30 Mpix and more). At the same time, the ADCresolution has to be increased to be able to extract more details (until 14 bits).With all these demanding specifications, analog-to-digital conversion capabilities have to be boosted as far as possible.These capabilities can be distinguished into two main research axes representing the pillars of the PhD work, namely:+ The study of the reachable limits in terms of performance: Speed, Resolution,Low Noise, Low power consumption and small design pitch.+ The management of the highly parallel operation linked to the structure of animage sensor. Solutions have to be found so as to avoid image artefacts andpreserve the image quality
TRIPODI, Lorenzo. "Sur les fluctuations de phase et d'amplitude dans les supraconducteurs avec appariement précurseur." Phd thesis, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004246.
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