Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Systèmes de délivrances'
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Frisch, Emilie. "Conception de biomatériaux protéiques et polymères innovants à visée anti-inflammatoire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAF023.
Full textChronic inflammatory diseases require new therapeutic strategies. In this context, albumin-based biomaterials, loaded with dexamethasone and infliximab, have been developed in the form of membranes, micro-, and nanoparticles. These biocompatible materials have demonstrated a reduction in several inflammatory markers in various in vitro models. Additionally, different polymers have been examined for their anti-inflammatory or pro-apoptotic properties, revealing an interesting role for polyethyleneimine and polyarginine. These new strategies offer an innovative and biocompatible method for delivering anti-inflammatory molecules. They also explore the potential of well-known polymers in regulating inflammation. By combining various complementary anti-inflammatory mechanisms, these approaches show great therapeutic potential
Ramadan, Alyaa Adel. "Etude de systèmes lipidiques de délivrance de principes actifs." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00586347.
Full textDusautoir, Romain. "Impact respiratoire des systèmes électroniques de délivrance de nicotine." Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUS049.
Full textSmoking is responsible for 8 million deaths a year worldwide. Currently, smoking cessation is the only solution to lower this mortality, but is made difficult by nicotine addiction. In recent years, new nicotine delivery devices have come onto the market: the electronic cigarette (e-cig) and heated tobacco. Although they are generally perceived as healthier alternatives to cigarettes, their precise impact on human health remains to be determined.The first objective of this thesis was to analyze the chemical composition and the in vitro toxicity of e-cig emissions of different powers (a second-generation model and a third-generation model (Modbox) set at low power, Mb18W, or high power, Mb30W) and heated tobacco emissions to compare them to cigarette smoke. We have been able to show that heated tobacco generates much less carbonyl compounds and PAHs than cigarettes, but much more than e-cig, regardless of the model. Consistently, the exposure of human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) cultured at the air-liquid interface to the emissions from the different devices showed that heated tobacco emissions induced less cytotoxicity than cigarette smoke, but much more than e-cig emissions. In addition, exposures to 12 puffs of heated tobacco or 120 puffs of e-cig induce oxidative stress and the secretion of some pro-inflammatory cytokines. Similar effects were observed for cigarette smoke but only after one puff. Interestingly, for e-cig, we have demonstrated that the amount of carbonyl compounds emitted and induced oxidative stress increase with the power of the device.The second objective of this doctoral project was to evaluate on a mouse model the long-term respiratory toxicity of aerosols generated by a third-generation model of e-cig. BALB/c mice were nose-only exposed for 4 days, 3 months or 6 months to Mb18W or Mb30W emissions or to cigarette smoke. Our in vivo experiments have shown that, on the one hand, e-cig emissions generated at 18 W and 30 W were responsible for epigenetic modifications inducing long-term DNA hypermethylation and deregulation of certain miRNAs at all exposure times, but that, on the other hand, only those generated at 30 W were capable of causing oxidative DNA damage, without leading to chromosomal aberrations or gene mutations. Transcriptomic data obtained after 6 months of exposure to e-cig emissions have shown the deregulation of several signaling pathways involved, in particular, in the inflammatory response, oxidative stress and metabolism of carbonyl compounds and, in particular, of propylene glycol metabolites. However, the low number of genes impacted in each of these pathways does not guarantee that the observed deregulations have a real biological impact. By comparison, cigarette smoke induced, under the same exposure conditions, the deregulation of a greater number of signaling pathways, particularly in relation to inflammation and PAH metabolism, each involving a larger number of genes.Overall, our chemical and in vitro analyses suggest that heated tobacco emissions are less toxic than conventional cigarette smoke but much more harmful than those of e-cigs, regardless of their power. Moreover, the in vivo experiments described in this work did not reveal a proven long-term toxicity of e-cig emissions. However, a more in-depth study of our transcriptomic data and their comparison with future complementary results from histological analyses of exposed animals, their respiratory function and their pulmonary and systemic inflammatory response should allow us to confirm or invalidate this preliminary conclusion
Ramadan, Alyaa. "Etude de systèmes lipidiques de délivrance de principes actifs." Angers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ANGE0030.
Full textThis thesis highlighted the importance of lipid-based carriers and their pharmaceutical implications in the delivery of drugs of different nature for dermal and oral administration. The general introduction provided an overview of the types of lipid-based delivery systems with more emphasis on solid lipid nanoparticles ( SLN ) and lipid nanocapsules ( LNC ). In the first part, Clobetasol propionate ( CP )-loaded SLNs were prepared to improve the performance of long term topical corticosteroid therapy. Skin permeation ex-vivo data indicated that the skin retention of CP increased using the SLN test hydrogel formulation more than that a commercial gel. The second part focused on LNCs. Chapter 1 of this part aimed at encapsulating the hydrophilic macromolecule, fondaparinux ( F ), into LNCs by a novel patented two microemulsion ( ME ) strategy. This is based on the incorporation of a precarrier F-loaded ME into a second ME prepared using the phase inversion temperature plus temperature cycling methodology. LNCs formulated using Imwitor/Span were the best ( 59 nm and 48% incorporation efficiency). Chapter 2 aimed at enhancing the loading of anionic F by using cationic LNCs (~50 nm and 80-100% entrapment efficiency). In vivo study in rats administered F-loaded LNCs orally in comparison with a solution market product demonstrated that caionic LNCs significantly increased F bioavaibility and anti-factor Xa effect in a dose-dependent fashion. Data provided a proof of concept for the potential oral bioavailability of F. This offers great promise for a more convenient chronic anticoagulant therapy replcing the currently used injections
Delorme, Victor. "Nouveaux systèmes copolymères amphiphiles biodégradables pour la délivrance de principes actifs anticancéreux." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS140.
Full textThis work presents the synthesis of biocompatible and biodegradable amphiphilic copolymers for the formation of anticancer drug delivery systems. These copolymers consist of a poly-(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) chain, a biocompatible and biodegradable hydrophobic polyester, on which hydrophilic oligomers of dextrane or chitosane are grafted. These new copolymer structures are called “reverse” structures, the “classic” ones being made of a polysaccharide chain with PCL grafts. The PCL chain was propargylated via an anionic method developed by our team, while azide functions were grafted on oligosaccharides at a chain end of dextrane, but along the chain in chitosan, thanks to its amine functions. Copolymers were obtained by CuAAC click coupling between the activated PCL and oligosaccharides. In the case of chitosan, the amines of the chain allowed the coupling of mannose squarate, a cancer cell targeting agent, as well as a functionalization in the form of thiols which allow coupling by thiol-yne reaction on propargylated PCL. These copolymers form nano objects in aqueous media which, in the case of the PCL-g-dextrane structure, are forming micelles that encapsulate doxorubicin, which is further released in a pH- dependent way. Biological studies have shown that these charged micelles are toxic to cancer cells and not to healthy cells and are preferentially internalized by cancer cells. These results demonstrate a high degree of selectivity of action against tumor cells
Blanchard, Kévin. "Développement de nouveaux systèmes de délivrance de vaccins à base de polysaccharides." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1184.
Full textVaccination, especially in animal species, remains already an efficient tool in the prevention of infectious diseases. The carrier and immunostimulant properties of adjuvant allow increasing the action of antigen which, alone, is not enough capable to induce a long and strong immune response in host. The unique properties of chitosan, a biocompatible and biodegradable natural polymer, offer a choice material to elaborate new generations of adjuvant such as nanoparticles or hydrogels.This PhD works was focus on the development of chitosan-based adjuvant for animal species. The preparation of chitosan-based viscous solutions, with a polymer concentration from 0.2 to 0.75 % (w/v) mixed with different kind of antigens such as live attenuated bacteria, live attenuated or inactivated virus and a recombinant protein allowed obtaining an immune response in the studied animals. Moreover, the observation of animals during the protocol or in post-mortem inspections indicated a satisfying safety and resorbability. In vitro experiments were also conducted developing a syringeable and injectable in situ gelling chitosan-based hydrogel containing a model protein, destined to standard injection system. The slow release of antigen in the host should interact with the immune system longer increasing the final protection against diseases
Mazzarino, Leticia. "Systèmes nanostructurés décorés par du chitosane pour la délivrance buccale de la curcumine." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949209.
Full textCheibani, Ismail. "Formation et clivage de gels de nanoparticules lipidiques : systèmes de délivrance de principes actifs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV017/document.
Full textNanotechnology became for several years a major development in the areas of diagnostics, imaging, drug delivery, therapeutic monitoring, and tissue engineering. The administration of non-injectable products in their free form or with high toxicity, can be facilitated by the use of nanocarriers, changing their distribution. They therefore reduce the doses administered, limit side effects and direct the contents of the vector (contrast agent, drug) to a target organ or tumor, by presenting to the surface thereof targeting molecules of these areas specific.This thesis fits into this theme : we have explored the possibilities of forming chemical gels based on lipid nanoparticles which are composed of an oily heart can encapsulate small hydrophobic molecules and a layer of surfactants allowing stabilization of the droplets in the aqueous phase.We have synthesized several PEGylated functionalized surfactants (thiol, maleimide, amine, and oxyamines ONB-maleimide). synthesis protocols of these surfactants are refined and repeatable.These surfactants were incorporated into the surface of lipid nanoparticles. The functionalized nanoparticles thus obtained have been characterized and the functions present at their surface are highlighted.Different kinds of chemical gels stable, resistant to dilution, fast and controllable manufacturing have been developed.These chemical gels can be used in the future for encapsulating proteins or drugs
Tonelli, Giovanni. "Systèmes organisés à base de molécules hybrides lipide-nucléotides pour la délivrance des acides nucléiques." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22097/document.
Full textGene therapy is a molecular medicine and a very powerful tool for the treatment of several diseases such as inherited disorder and cancer. Nucleic acids must penetrate into cells in order to interact with their genetic material. Currently the main limitation to the application of this treatment towards clinics is the lack of robust, safe and efficient gene delivery vectors. The two major classes of vectors are those based on recombinant viruses and those based on non-viral systems. Viral vectors are the most efficient and used in several clinical trials, however they can elicit a strong immune reaction and they possess high cost of production. Non-viral vectors are less immunogenic and can be easily produced on a large scale. A large variety of both cationic lipids and polymers have been developed due to their ability to interact spontaneously with negatively charged nucleic acids to form complexes. However these positively charged complexes can present some toxicity due their non-specific interaction with cell membranes and seric proteins. This is the main limitation for their clinical use. For this purpose, new vectors, neutral or anionic, have to be developed in order to diminish the cytotoxicity and increase the circulation time. Nucleotide-lipids (NLs) are bio-inspired amphiphilic hybrid molecules composed of a hydrophilic nucleotidic moiety and a hydrophobic lipophilic moiety. These molecules are able to self-assembly to form supramolecular structures which possess particular physico-chemical properties due to the chemistry of their polar head. These molecules can interact with a nucleic acid by Watson-Crick base pair interactions, however they are not sufficiently strong to form a stable complex that can be used for a biological application. A new chemical family of hybrid amphiphile, amino acid-nucleotide-lipids (ANLs), has been developed in order to increase the interactions and the stability of the complex thank to the presence of the amino acid on the polar head. Herein, we have synthesized novel amino acid-nucleotide-lipids, presenting phenylalanine (or glycine) and thymidine residues and saturated (dimiristoyl) or unsaturated (dioleoyl) diacyl glycerol lipid. The morphology and the structural organization of the supramolecular objects formed by these molecules was studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS), cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). These studies allowed investigating the relation between the chemical structure and the physic-chemical properties. The amino acids, inserted at the 5′ position of the nucleotide-lipids, stabilize multilamellar systems, whereas unilamellar vesicles are formed preferentially in the case of nucleotide-lipids. Both NLs and ANLs exhibit weak interactions with complementary polyA RNA as revealed by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) investigations, however they are not sufficiently strong to form a stable complex that can be used for a biological application. The use of multivalent cations, such as Ca2+, which bridge the phosphate groups on the lipid polar heads with those of the backbone of nucleic acids, to form ternary complexes, has been investigated by SAXS. Finally, a structural study, by DLS and cryo-TEM of NLs aggregates in aqueous solutions as a function of ionic strength and surfactant concentration, has been conducted in order to investigate the different morphologies of the systems
Wei, Tuo. "Systèmes innovants de délivrance de médicaments basés sur des nanomicelles pour le traitement du cancer." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4031.
Full textPoor tumor penetration and high toxicity of anticancer drugs, together with the developed drug resistance constitute challenging hurdles for cancer therapy. The application of nanotechnology for anticancer drug delivery is expected to address these issues and bring new hope for cancer treatment. In the first part of my PhD thesis, we used a new tumor-penetrating peptide, CRGDK, to conjugate onto the surface of doxorubicin encapsulated DSPE-PEG2000 nanomicelles. The CRGDK peptide conjugated on the nanomicelles triggered specific binding to Nrp-1 receptors, leading to enhanced cellular uptake and anticancer activity in vitro. The in vivo results further confirmed that the CRGDK-decorated nanomicelles could efficiently accumulate and penetrate into deeper tumors. In the second part of my PhD thesis, we established an original nanomicellar drug delivery system based on an amphiphilic dendrimer (AmDM), which could generate supramolecular micelles to effectively encapsulate the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) with high drug loading capacity (> 40%), thanks to the unique dendritic structure creating large void space for drug accommodation. The resulting AmDM/DOX nanomicelles are able to specifically accumulate at tumor sites via EPR effect and penetrate deeper into tumor tissues thanks to their small size. Most importantly, these nanomicelles exhibit significantly improved anticancer activity and reduced systemic toxicity, and are very effective even towards drug resistant cancers by virtue of their macropinocytotic cell uptake mechanism and their ability to bypass cell drug efflux pumps
Wei, Tuo. "Systèmes innovants de délivrance de médicaments basés sur des nanomicelles pour le traitement du cancer." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4031.
Full textPoor tumor penetration and high toxicity of anticancer drugs, together with the developed drug resistance constitute challenging hurdles for cancer therapy. The application of nanotechnology for anticancer drug delivery is expected to address these issues and bring new hope for cancer treatment. In the first part of my PhD thesis, we used a new tumor-penetrating peptide, CRGDK, to conjugate onto the surface of doxorubicin encapsulated DSPE-PEG2000 nanomicelles. The CRGDK peptide conjugated on the nanomicelles triggered specific binding to Nrp-1 receptors, leading to enhanced cellular uptake and anticancer activity in vitro. The in vivo results further confirmed that the CRGDK-decorated nanomicelles could efficiently accumulate and penetrate into deeper tumors. In the second part of my PhD thesis, we established an original nanomicellar drug delivery system based on an amphiphilic dendrimer (AmDM), which could generate supramolecular micelles to effectively encapsulate the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) with high drug loading capacity (> 40%), thanks to the unique dendritic structure creating large void space for drug accommodation. The resulting AmDM/DOX nanomicelles are able to specifically accumulate at tumor sites via EPR effect and penetrate deeper into tumor tissues thanks to their small size. Most importantly, these nanomicelles exhibit significantly improved anticancer activity and reduced systemic toxicity, and are very effective even towards drug resistant cancers by virtue of their macropinocytotic cell uptake mechanism and their ability to bypass cell drug efflux pumps
Bayon, Emilie. "Nouveau système de délivrance d'antigènes à base de nanoparticules lipidiques (Lipidots) pour formulation vaccinale." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV003/document.
Full textThe development of vaccines was one of the major health advances of the last century, with the success of smallpox eradication in 1980. Historical vaccines, based on attenuated or killed pathogens thus strongly immunogenic were finally replaced by subunit candidates, much safer but also poorly immunogenic. Therefore, adjuvants such as vectors and immunostimulants were incorporated in vaccine formulations in order to generate immune responses of high magnitude. However, actual adjuvants authorized in human vaccines only trigger humoral immune responses, with the production of antibodies which neutralize extracellular pathogens. Yet, some pathogens such as HIV require the induction of a cell-mediated immunity, necessary to eliminate viral reservoirs in infected cells. In this context, new adjuvant systems are being developed in order to identify the most efficient and safe candidates. Here we describe the approach followed to prepare a stable, safe and versatile vector consisting in lipid nanoparticles (LNP), for the delivery of antigens. We first report the proof of concept of antigen delivery based on the model ovalbumin, leading to the significant enhancement of humoral responses in vivo in mice. Thereafter, we focused on the induction of cell-mediated immune responses through the vectorization of both antigens and immunostimulants. Several combinations and vectorization strategies were assessed in the aim to identify the best prototype for a study of protection against tumor challenge. Finally, we applied these systems to HIV and its capsid antigen p24, which allowed us to conduct an immunogenicity study on a non-human primate model. Altogether, these results highlight the versatility of LNP and their ability to induce potent humoral and cell-mediated immune responses
Wang, Xiaolin. "Nanoparticules de silice comme systèmes de délivrance de gènes pour la réparation tissulaire de la peau." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066284/document.
Full textThis work is devoted to the evaluation of silica nanoparticles associated to poly-ethyleneimine (PEI) as vectors for gene therapy in the context of skin chronic wounds repair. Nanocomposite materials associating complexes formed by the association of these hybrid particles and DNA with collagen hydrogels cellularized with 3T3 fibroblasts have been prepared. Thanks to the modulation of particle size and polymer molecular weight, it has been possible to achieve fibroblast transfection within the gel, allowing for sustained protein expression over one week. These studies evidence the key role of cell proliferation and migration on transfection efficiency. The transfection process has been further modulated by modification of the silica-PEI interactions. The results suggest that the complex detachment from the particles within the endosomes is a key step in this process. The transfection of human primary cells has also been studied foreseeing in vivo applications. Human fibroblasts and keratinocytes have been successfully transfected in culture and, in the case of fibroblasts, within collagen hydrogels, but with lower efficiency than with 3T3 cells. This has been attributed to the lower proliferation rate of primary cells. Finally the ability of nanocomposites to modulate inflammation has been evaluated on activated human macrophages. These systems have allowed for the sustained production of IL-10 by fibroblasts and the inhibition of TNF-alpha expression by macrophages
Wang, Xiaolin. "Nanoparticules de silice comme systèmes de délivrance de gènes pour la réparation tissulaire de la peau." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2015PA066284.pdf.
Full textThis work is devoted to the evaluation of silica nanoparticles associated to poly-ethyleneimine (PEI) as vectors for gene therapy in the context of skin chronic wounds repair. Nanocomposite materials associating complexes formed by the association of these hybrid particles and DNA with collagen hydrogels cellularized with 3T3 fibroblasts have been prepared. Thanks to the modulation of particle size and polymer molecular weight, it has been possible to achieve fibroblast transfection within the gel, allowing for sustained protein expression over one week. These studies evidence the key role of cell proliferation and migration on transfection efficiency. The transfection process has been further modulated by modification of the silica-PEI interactions. The results suggest that the complex detachment from the particles within the endosomes is a key step in this process. The transfection of human primary cells has also been studied foreseeing in vivo applications. Human fibroblasts and keratinocytes have been successfully transfected in culture and, in the case of fibroblasts, within collagen hydrogels, but with lower efficiency than with 3T3 cells. This has been attributed to the lower proliferation rate of primary cells. Finally the ability of nanocomposites to modulate inflammation has been evaluated on activated human macrophages. These systems have allowed for the sustained production of IL-10 by fibroblasts and the inhibition of TNF-alpha expression by macrophages
Augis, Luc. "Développement de systèmes à base de solvants eutectiques profonds pour la délivrance cutanée d'anti-infectieux hydrophobes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASQ011.
Full textInfections caused by pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses pose a significant health challenge, particularly when existing treatments lead to substantial side effects or prove too costly for developing countries. Given these challenges, the imperative to explore innovative pharmacotechnical methods is clear, especially for treating fungal and parasitic skin infections that are prone to causing undesirable systemic side effects with traditional administration routes. Against this backdrop, deep eutectic solvents (DES) have emerged as a promising topical alternative. This thesis investigates a range of DES- based systems, from predominantly hydrophobic mixtures to hydrophilic blends that incorporate amphiphilic molecules like surfactants, phospholipids, or amphiphilic cyclodextrins. The aim is to elucidate the self-organization of these lipids and their interactions within the DES environment. Our assessment of these systems concentrated on numerous aspects, including their physicochemical properties, ability to solubilize active molecules, and impact on the skin. Our research identified a particularly promising system, comprising a phosphonium salt and monoolein, which effectively solubilizes Amphotericin B in its most active and body-tolerated form. This formulation has shown no significant adverse effects on the epidermis, representing a significant stride towards developing effective and safe therapeutic solutions for combating skin infections
Bonan, Carole. "Délivrance continue de données sur une architecture de réseaux sans fil à couverture discontinue." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S154.
Full textRippe, Marlène. "Systèmes transporteurs de principes actifs hydrophobes à base de glycoaminoglycanes thermosensibles : vers une plateforme polyvalente de délivrance." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV004/document.
Full textIn the field of drug delivery systems, polymeric nanogels obtained by the self-assembly of biocompatible amphiphilic polymers in water have emerged as one of the most promising nanocarriers for various hydrophobic drugs. These systems offer several advantages such as enhanced hydrophobic drug solubility in water, decreased side effects, and improved drug delivery to tumor tissues via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. In this regard, stimuli-responsive polymeric nanogels are attractive platforms for drug delivery due to their ability to change their physical and/or chemical properties in response to an external stimulus such as light, magnetic field, pH or temperature. Thermoresponsive polymers are particularly interesting due to their ability to undergo a reversible thermally-induced phase transition without the need of additional reagents. In this context, our aim was to engineer and to study a new class of thermoresponsive, biocompatible and biodegradable nanogels based on glycoaminoglycans (GAGs) through the modification of the polysaccharide backbone with a thermoresponsive copolymer of di(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (DEGMA) and n-butylmethacrylate (BMA)). The latter was properly designed to obtain stable nanogels at room temperature. The versatile synthetic route to nanogels also allowed their further shell-crosslinking to capture the nanogel structure at low temperature. The choice of the GAGs forming the hydrophilic shell can be exploited to control their biological behavior. In order to use these systems as a versatile platform for delivery of active ingredients and other molecules of interest, we investigated the possibility of incorporating iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic guidance, imaging and hyperthermia treatment. The syntheses of the magnetic component as well as the design of the nanocarrier are key steps to achieve a magnetically-responsive nanodelivery system capable of efficient targeting
Kotras, Clément. "Conception de matériaux π-conjugués pour la reconnaissance et la délivrance d’ADN." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS120.
Full textThis thesis focused on the design of π-conjugated molecules and macromolecules for their interactionwith DNA for applications in the field of DNA detection and gene delivery. The first part of this workwas devoted to the development of tetraphenylethylene derivatives, known for their aggregationinducedfluorescence (AIE) properties for the detection and stabilization of G-quadruplexes derivedfrom human telomere. The second part is dedicated to the design of fluorene-based fluorescentmolecular building blocks for the self-assembly of dynamic covalent polymers (DCPs). The selfassemblyof DCPs have been studied by combining UV-Visible absorption, fluorescence and circulardichroism spectroscopies in solution. The complexation of DNA by PDCs led to a modification of theoptical properties of PDCs (fluorescence decrease and hypsochroma shift of emission maxima) allowingtheir potential use in gene delivery. Finally, cationic polythiophenes bearing phosphonium groups withdifferent molecular weight have been studied and have shown excellent efficiency for use in dual therapycombining gene delivery (siRNA) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) as well as cellular imaging
Guhmann, Pauline. "Délivrance orale d'insuline par double encapsulation : développement et évaluation de l'efficacité et de la sécurité des systèmes entériques et nanoparticulaires." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01071851.
Full textBouledjouidja, Abir. "Imprégnation supercritique pour l'élaboration de systèmes à libération prolongée." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4303/document.
Full textSupercritical impregnation is an attractive “clean” alternative to conventional impregnation processes using generally liquid organic solvents. Among other applications, the impregnation process can be used for the development of controlled drug delivery systems applied to the pharmaceutical and medical fields. This work focuses on the preparation of controlled drug delivery systems using supercritical impregnation of drugs in two kinds of impregnation supports: polymeric matrices (intraocular lenses) and porous supports (mesoporous silica). Firstly, the supercritical impregnation of polymeric intraocular lenses (IOLs), used in cataract surgery, by an anti-inflammatory drug (Dexamethasone 21-phosphate disodium: DXP) and an antibiotic (Ciprofloxacin: CIP), is studied. More particularly, two polymeric IOLs were tested: rigid intraocular lenses made from derivative of PMMA and foldable intraocular lenses made from derivative of P-HEMA. Supercritical impregnations were carried out in a batch mode and the impregnation yields were determined through drug release kinetics studies in a solution simulating the aqueous humor. The influence of operating conditions on impregnation was studied by performing preliminary impregnation experiments followed by experimental designs. The second part of this work deals with the loading of a poorly water-soluble drug (Fenofibrate) in a mesoporous silica for improving drug dissolution kinetics. Supercritical impregnations were carried out with pure CO2 at different pressures (100 to 200 bar) and depressurization rates (rapid and slow)
Lemaire, Gaelle. "Elaboration de Nanoparticules hybrides et multiphasées innovantes pour la délivrance de principe actif." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0054.
Full textThe limitations of commercial nanovectors or currently under development have motivated the development of new hybrid and core shell mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNP) for the control of molecular delivery.Therefore, new MSNP were designed for intracellular penetration (diameter between 30 and 60 nm, pore size of 2.8 nm). In order to make them hemocompatible and to control the kinetics of delivery of encapsulated active ingredients, these MSNP were coated with a lipid bilayer (MSNP+@SLB-). The lipid composition is inspired by the asymmetric membranes of the red blood cells.Since the MSNP+@SLB- technology has shown some limitations associated to the release of payloads which can be too fast (in the case of calcein) or to slow (case of rhodamine B), two major improvements have been made:1- The coating of SLB by an alginate nanogel, allowing an excellent control of the release of active molecules.2- Insertion of magnetic nanoparticles in the MSNP core, triggering the release of the active ingredient by hyperthermia.These new nanovector architectures enable the fine tuning of active ingredient delivery kinetics, reinforcing and expanding the applications of silicated vectors in the fields of biomedicine (oral and intravenous) and dermato-cosmetics (topical)
Estebe, Jean-Pierre. "Évaluation pré-clinique de systèmes thérapeutiques microparticulaires à libération contrôlée de bupivacaine dans les techniques d'anesthésie loco-régionale périphérique." Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN1BA55.
Full textPorcino, Marianna. "La spectroscopie de résonance magnétique nucléaire à l'état solide : un outil pour la caractérisation des systèmes poreux de délivrance de médicaments." Thesis, Orléans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ORLE3054.
Full textDrug delivery systems (DDSs) are formulations used to improve the performance of drugs with low efficacy and safety. Nanosized porous Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are considered as promising drug carriers, as large amount of drug can be incorporated in their pores and their surface can be coated with specific ligand, increasing their stability and efficacy. Analysis of the structure of a DDS is an essential step to guide the synthesis efforts towards particles with improved properties. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy is uniquely suited to study these supramolecular assemblies as it provides information at the atomic scale about drug location, drug-carrier interaction, and carrier structure and about the process of degradation, which allows the delivery of the drug. In this thesis, we have explored the potential of ssNMR spectroscopy associated to, when required, isotope labeling for the in-depth characterization of selected MOF-based DDSs. A particular focus was put on the use of heteronuclei (19F, 27Al, 31P, 13C, 17O) that are present in the drug and/or the carrier, and which, at the cost of severe sensitivity drop, provide much more information than 1H nucleus
Milosevic, Irena. "Emulsions structurées et nanoparticules magnétiques dans un hydrogel : réalisation, caractérisation et validation en tant que système de délivrance thermomagnétique." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00547331.
Full textMilosevic-Markovic, Irena. "Emulsions structurées et nanoparticules magnétiques dans un hydrogel : réalisation, caractérisation et validation en tant que système de délivrance thermomagnétique." Thesis, Orléans, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ORLE2079/document.
Full textThe development of nanotechnology led to significant progress in medicine especially wheretraditional methods of diagnosis and therapy showed limits. The manipulation and control of thephysics at the nanoscale offered new opportunities for creating systems tailored to the cellularenvironment. In this work, we were interested in the high potential of magnetic nanoparticles of ironoxide in medicine. In particular, we would like to use their peculiar magnetic properties for developingnew materials for the delivery of active compounds through thermomagnetic activation. Our systemconsists of a biocompatible hydrogel with confined magnetic nanoparticles and lipid-based emulsions,called Isasomes. Those are dispersions of lipid mesophases (hexagonal, cubic,…) that can be tunedby temperature or composition. The incorporation of an active compound into the Isasomes canequally modify their internal structure as confirmed by SAXS measurements. These nanostructuredemulsions are used here as reservoirs for model molecules (radical TEMPO), which are trapped intothe hydrogel. After magnetic activation, the controlled release of TEMPO outside the hydrogel hasbeen followed by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR). Finally, magnetic nanoparticles havebeen functionalized and connected to hyaluronic acid in order to design a crosslinked hydrogel. Thevarious steps of functionalization have been checked by various experimental techniques (Xrays,Raman spectroscopy, TEM, FTIR, zetametry, TGA, XPS)
Peers, Soline. "Elaboration de bio-systèmes à relargage retardé de principes actifs : hydrogels physiques de chitosane fonctionnalisés par des liposomes." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI010.
Full textThis work deals with the development of an original biomaterial in view of its application as drug delayed-release device in biomedical area. To overcome classic issues that may be encountered with common drug delivery systems such as the “burst effect” or fast outside diffusion of drugs, a « hybrid » system composed of liposomes entrapped within a chitosan physical hydrogel was developed. Its elaboration process consists in the addition of a suspension of pre-formed phosphatidylcholine liposomes within a chitosan solution before gelation process. A characterization of different components of the system and an optimization of the elaboration process were achieved. The release properties were firstly investigated using a water-soluble fluorescent model molecule, carboxyfluorescein (CF). The concept of delayed-release was confirmed. Indeed, the release of CF, assayed by fluorescence spectroscopy, was found to be higher in the “drug-in-hydrogel” systems in comparison with the “drug-in-liposomes-in-hydrogels” ones. Based on these results, the release of two drugs, rifampicin (RIF), a broad spectrum antibiotic, and lidocaine (LID), a local anaesthetic and anti-arrhythmic drug, were also studied. This work corroborated the data obtained for the model molecule, that is to say a significant delayed release for « hybrid » systems in comparison to hydrogels without liposome. Various characterizations were carried out to examine rheological properties and morphologies of assemblies. These first results showed that such systems could be a step forward in drug delivery, and highlighted the use of liposomes as drug « reservoirs » within assemblies
Vaca, Flores Claudia Cecilia. "Substituts osseux hybrides (polymère / bio céramiques) à libération prolongée d'antibiotiques pour le traitement des infections osseuses." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S072.
Full textBone is the most transplanted tissue in the world and bone defects after osteoporosis, cancer and fractures remain problematic with a high level of infections. Systemic drug delivery is not efficient due to a low migration of drug into the bone, a local administration is necessary. The strategy of this thesis is to develop two hybrid substitutes (hydroxyapatite / hydrogel), the first one could be injectable and the other one could be directly implanted for the release of a combination of antibiotics (ciprofloxacin / gentamicin). A dual release system will be developed to treat long term infection with a rapid release (via diffusion into the hydrogel) and a slow release (via microparticles).In the first part, gentamicin (GM)-loaded PLGA microparticles were prepared by double emulsion with evaporation of the solvent. The microparticle preparation method has been optimized to obtain a size of microparticles compatible with the macroporosity of the hydroxyapatite (HA) and a sustained release over 25-30 days. Thus, the time of sonification of the first emulsion was set at 2 minutes in order to obtain a maximal efficacy of encapsulation. The speed of rotation of the second emulsion was fixed at 700 rpm to obtain a 60µm-diameter size of microparticles. The microparticles were analyzed by DSC, TGA and SEM. The antibacterial activity of gentamicin loaded microparticles was demonstrated on S. aureus (CIP224).In the second part we developed a bone substitute where chitosan (CHT) hydrogel was formed in situ in the macroporosity of a tridimensional hydroxyapatite printed piece. This hydrogel was obtained chemically with a crosslinking agent (genipin) to allow injection and a relatively slow gelation. The formation of the CHT hydrogel (2%-wt) was analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and rheology to optimize the time (24 hours), the temperature (40°C) and the concentration of genipin (0.05%-wt). The study of the release kinetics of ciprofloxacin (CFX) incorporated into the hydrogel (0.1; 0.5 and 1%) showed rapid release (<5 hours) in dynamic system (30 ml/min). The addition of cyclodextrin (CD) in the formulation did not shown a prolonged release of CFX, itself responsible to an increase of the gelation time due to an inclusion of genipin in the CD. Finally the hydrogel was incorporated in the macroporosity of HA before the gelation. Biological evaluation showed its cytocompatibility and antibacterial activity up to 24 hours on E. coli._x000D_In the last part, we developed an injectable bone substitute where HA particles (90 microns) were incorporated into the hydrogel during the preparation. This hydrogel was obtained by a physical way with an anionic polymer of cyclodextrin (PCD) for a fast gelation time (<10 seconds) avoiding sedimentation of the HA. Further study showed that a proportion of at least 3% of CHT and at least 3% of PCD was required for the formation of the hydrogel. Swelling and rheological properties showed the impact of the ratio PCD / CHT, the soluble and insoluble form of the PCD and the addition of HA on the formation of the hydrogel. After lyophilization, the sponge was hydrated in a solution of CFX (2 mg/ml). Biological studies did not shown cytotoxicity and microbiological evaluation showed a prolonged antibacterial activity up to 72 hours on E. coli.In conclusion, this thesis allowed the development of two hybrid bone substitutes for rapid release of CFX (<72 hours) and slow release of gentamicin-loaded microparticles (25-30 days). The incorporation of gentamicin loaded microparticles was possible in both bone substitutes allowing an antibacterial activity until 3 days against S. aureus and E. coli
Monnaert, Véronique. "Comportement de systèmes moléculaires et nanoparticulaires à base de cyclodextrines au niveau de la barrière hémato-encéphalique : application à la délivrance de médicaments vers le cerveau." Artois, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ARTO0406.
Full textMore than 95% of the molecules coming from the pharmacological research programs are unable to reach the cerebral parenchyma because of the presence of a barrier between the blood and the brain : the blood brain barrier (BBB). Many researches are devoted to develop new brain drug delivery strategies. We have studied the behaviour of molecular and nanoparticular cyclodextrins based systems and their ability to deliver drugs to the brain. In order to perform these studies, an in vitro BBB model developed in our laboratory was used. A preliminary study allowed us to evaluate the potential toxicity (loss of the BBB integrity) and the passage of the different cyclodextrins through the BBB. The toxicity of native cyclodextrins followed the order : α-> β-> γ-cyclodextrin. This result can be explained by the different efflux membrane components. The passage of cyclodextrins through the BBB, in physiologic conditions, had an average value of 20%. We have observed that the β-cyclodextrins increased the delivery of some P-glycoprotein substrates to the brain. Nanoparticles with an average size of 100 nm were synthesized from β-cyclodextrins and malodextrin. The toxicity of these nanoparticules depended of the β-cyclodextrin structure. Their passage through the BBB was very weak (2% on average). Contrary to β-cyclodextrins, the synthesized nanoparticleswere unable to improve the delivery of some drugs to the brain
Jing, Jing. "Conception et évaluation de systèmes transporteurs de principes actifs hydrophobes à base de polysaccharides modifiés : vers de nouvelles approches pour la thérapie anti-cancéreuse." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949208.
Full textCosta, Gouveia Joana. "Utilisation de nanoparticules pour le développement de nouvelles thérapies antituberculeuses." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL2S035/document.
Full textTuberculosis (TB) is a major problem of global health, responsible for 10.4 million new cases and 1.8 million deaths in 2015 according to the World Health Organization (WHO). This disease is caused by inhalation of small aerosol droplets containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and lungs are usually the major site of infection.TB can usually be treated with a daily six months course of standard, or first-line, anti-TB drugs. If first-line drugs are misused, the onset of multidrug-resistant Mtb can occur.The new WHO global public health strategy “End TB” aims at the reduction of TB incidence 90% by 2035. To reach these ambitious targets, new approaches are urgently needed to get a faster, less harmful and more-efficient treatment for active and latent TB.My thesis focused on the use of nanoparticles (NPs) to develop new anti-TB therapies. Our review of the literature showed that it could be a promising approach. Here, we investigated four potential uses of the NPs.1- Nanocarrier for pulmonary delivery of drugs. Ethionamide (ETH) is a second line antibiotic with high toxicity and several adverse side effects. ETH is a prodrug that requires bioactivation by a bacterial monooxygenase, which can be enhanced by chemical molecules named “boosters”. We investigated the simultaneous delivery of ETH and boosters coencapsulated in biodegradable poly-β-cyclodextrin (pCD) based NPs by the pulmonary route for the treatment of TB. First, we evaluated the in vitro efficacy of the designed formulations on Mtb extracellular growth and intracellular growth inside macrophages using an automated confocal high-content microscopy system. And we found for both assays that the drugs maintained their activity after encapsulation and the pCD were not cytotoxic. Given these promising results, their efficacy was then tested in vivo. The NPs suspension, administered directly into mouse lungs by endotracheal way using a Microsprayer® aerosolizer, was proved to be well-tolerated and led to a 3-log decrease of the pulmonary mycobacterial load after 6 administrations and using lower doses than the therapeutic ones.2- Enhancement of the solubility and the bioavailability of antibiotics. Clofazimine (CLZ) is an antibiotic usually used in a combination therapy for the treatment of leprosy and could be a potential candidate for the treatment of TB because of its in vitro efficacy on resistant Mtb strains. CLZ is extremely lipophilic and has important solubility problem. In our study, its encapsulation in nanoporous silica particles stabilized the amorphous state of CLZ and dramatically increased the drug solubility. On the other hand, CLZ encapsulated in nanoporous silica particles or efficiently dissolved in DMSO showed a similar antibacterial activity on Mtb, validating the assessment of solubility of CLZ by encapsulation.3- Improvement of the antibiotic stabilization. Vancomycin (VAN) is used for clinical applications for nearly 50 years as a penicillin alternative to treat penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus. VAN can be used for TB treatment as a repurpose. While VAN presented low stability in biological media at 37°C, we showed that the encapsulation of this antibiotic inside PLGA-based NPs enhanced its efficacy both on extracellular and intracellular bacteria.4- Intrinsic antimycobacterial activity of NPs. Different NPs (60 pCD, 1 NanoMOF, and 1 silver NP) were tested in vitro but none presented promising intrinsic antitubercular activity. However some pCD were slightly active in vitro on extracellular Mtb but cytotoxic.In conclusion, these works demonstrated that nanoparticles can provide a novel anti-TB approach regarding the limited therapeutic options to fight drug-resistant Mtb and the scarcity of novel antituberculosis drugs in the drug discovery pipeline
Boisselier, Julie. "Mise en œuvre d’un système de confinement et de délivrance moléculaire pour la production in situ de glucose au sein d’un hydrogel conçu pour l'ingénierie tissulaire." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CERG0830/document.
Full textIn tissue engineering, the in vivo survival of stem cells located within a biomaterial is limited by an ischemic environment characterized by a low supply of oxygen and nutrients. Recent studies on fibrin based hydrogels (designed to improve stem cells survival after implantation) have highlighted the need to control the spatiotemporal availability of glucose within a biomaterial scaffold. Glucose release occurs through the degradation of starch, a glucose polymer, at a rate controlled by the action of the enzyme amyloglucosidase (AMG), a specific catalyst for the hydrolysis of starch.In order to eventually be of clinical impact, critical parameters must be tuned, such as the AMG leakage outside the hydrogel and its loss of activity over time. In this context, AMG encapsulation within nanoparticles of a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, here poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), is a promising means toward controlling the above parameters.The AMG-containing core-shell type nanoparticles (NPe) were synthesized by an adaptation of the double emulsion technique (water-oil-water). Different methods have been developed to determine the physicochemical and biochemical properties of the resulting nanoparticles. The synthesis was optimized to produce sterile and reproducible nanoparticles appropriate for in vivo implantable hydrogels.Nanoparticle stability and glucose release were investigated in solution and in hydrogels. A key specification of the hydrogel system, enriched in starch and NPe, is the continuous supply of glucose over 1 month. Glucose production was observed to meet this specification, highlighting the potential advantages of this approach
Liu, Juan. "Nouveaux systèmes nanométriques et ph dépendant pour le transport de médicaments contre les phénomènes de résistances." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4072.
Full textDrug resistance presents a great hurdle to cancer treatment. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems (NDDSs) are widely expected to bring new hope for cancer therapy to overcome drug resistance by specifically delivering anticancer drugs to tumor lesions via the EPR effect, hence increasing local drug concentrations and consequently enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and at the same time, sparing healthy tissues to avoid side effects. As tumors often have an acidic microenvironment, we would like to further endow the NDDS with a pH-responsive drug releasing property for specific tumor targeting. In this thesis, we established different pH-responsive NDDSs by employing different strategies. These NDDSs could specifically control drug release at tumor tissues and within tumor cells in response to acidic pH. By increasing the intracellular drug concentration, the goal of circumventing drug resistance in cancer was achieved. The present study provides new insights into the design of nanocarriers to overcome drug resistance through pH-responsive drug delivery, and illustrates how advances in nanotechnology can be advantageously implemented to enhance therapeutic outcomes
Aime, Ahissan. "Oligonucléotides amphiphiles et microARNs : mise en place de nanoplateformes à visée diagnostiques et therapeutiques." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22028/document.
Full textExploitation of gene-silencing is a very promising strategy in human therapeutics. Several engineered small non coding RNAs (inhibitors or mimics) are already in preclinical and clinical trials. However a key impediment to the wider success of these approaches remains the specific delivery of RNA-derived molecules into cancerous cells. This work aimed at developing two innovative microRNA-based plateforms : the first one relying on quantum dots (QD) is dedicated to microRNA imaging and the second one based on human serum albumin (HSA) represents a new targeted delivery system. The implementation of both plateforms required the synthesis of a small library of microRNA derived lipidic bioconjugates (inhibitors or mimics), the aim being to exploit the hydrophobic effect for their loading on QD (hydrophobic anchoring in the hydrophobic QD surface) and on HSA (interaction with fatty acid binding sites). In both cases, different studies including physico-chemical caracterizations (TEM, DLS), in vitro (SPR) and in cellulo experiments (fluorescence microscopy, functional screening, RTqPCR) demonstrated the great promises held by these new plateforms
Baradari, Hiva. "Elaboration et fonctionnalisation thérapeutique de sphéroïdes phosphocalciques." Limoges, 2012. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/c45762a9-d727-43e1-be73-93a5568cf2cb/blobholder:0/2012LIMO4014.pdf.
Full textCalcium phosphate ceramics used as bone defect filler materials are biocompatible, bioactive, bioresorbable and osteoconductor. The presence of an interconnected pore network inside these bioceramics favors the attachment of bone cells and circulation of biological fluids. After being functionalized by therapeutic agents, these porous bioceramics can also be used as drug carriers in Drug Delivery Systems (Drug Delivery System). Indeed, the pore network play the role of therapeutic agent reservoir, allowing an in situ drug release which can reduce drug administration side effects compared to oral or parenteral administration. The present work investigates the combination of calcium phosphate porous pellets with ibuprofen, an anti-inflammatory agent, for bone filling and treatment of inflammatory pathologies. Two calcium phosphate compositions, hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) were chosen to be formed by wet high shear granulation method and they were loaded by ibuprofen via impregnation. In order to study the drug adsorption mechanisms, its localisation, the pellets drug content and the in vitro drug dissolution kinetics, several characterisation methods were used. The obtained results showed that the adsorption mechanism of ibuprofen on the porous pellets is independent from their physicochemical properties and the impregnation parameters. However, the adsorbed amount of the drug depends strongly on the textural properties of the pellets and the impregnation solvent. The in vitro dissolution kinetics trials in a phosphate buffer at 37°C shows the independence of release kinetics from the pellets chemical composition and texture but it depends on the pellets size. Besides, the dissolution kinetics are influenced by the ibuprofen distribution on outer surface and inside the pores
Liu, Juan. "Nouveaux systèmes nanométriques et ph dépendant pour le transport de médicaments contre les phénomènes de résistances." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4072.
Full textDrug resistance presents a great hurdle to cancer treatment. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems (NDDSs) are widely expected to bring new hope for cancer therapy to overcome drug resistance by specifically delivering anticancer drugs to tumor lesions via the EPR effect, hence increasing local drug concentrations and consequently enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and at the same time, sparing healthy tissues to avoid side effects. As tumors often have an acidic microenvironment, we would like to further endow the NDDS with a pH-responsive drug releasing property for specific tumor targeting. In this thesis, we established different pH-responsive NDDSs by employing different strategies. These NDDSs could specifically control drug release at tumor tissues and within tumor cells in response to acidic pH. By increasing the intracellular drug concentration, the goal of circumventing drug resistance in cancer was achieved. The present study provides new insights into the design of nanocarriers to overcome drug resistance through pH-responsive drug delivery, and illustrates how advances in nanotechnology can be advantageously implemented to enhance therapeutic outcomes
Borovac, Tatiana. "Conception et validation d'un nouvel appareil de dissolution permettant l'étude des formes pharmaceutiques administrées en milieu clos Corrélations in vitro - in vivo." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077077.
Full textDissolution tests are essential during the development of new medicines as implants, occlusion agents and patches defined as pharmaceutical forms administered in "enclosed area". This work presents a new dissolution device, the T apparatus, designed to study the in vitro release of active drugs loaded in microspheres for embolization or in patches. Its shape allows to mimic the in vivo hydrodynamic conditions with an area of convective transport (blood transport) and an area of diffusive transport (tissular transport). The first bibliographie part présents the dissolution theories, the pharmaceutical forms administered in "enclosed area", the dissolution tests existing and the principles of in vitro- in vivo correlations. The second part consists of the expérimental works. After the presentation of the design and the operation of the T apparatus, various microspheres for embolization (indomethacin-loaded trisacryl microspheres and ibuprofen-loaded poly(vinyl alcohol) microspheres) were studied to validate the use of the device. Pharmacokinetic data obtained after embolization in sheep allowed to define an in vitro- in vivo correlation. The use of the apparatus for the study of transdermal nicotine patches was introduced. Finally, the design and the operation of a prototype of the T apparatus were evaluated with the microspheres and the patches. The results shown that the T apparatus is a new promising dissolution test for the pharmaceutical development
Piffoux, Max. "Approches interdisciplinaires du domaine des vésicules extracellulaires : nouvelles méthodes et outils pour le transfert en clinique en médecine régénérative et délivrance de médicaments." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC243.
Full textExtracellular Vesicles, encompassing exosomes, microvesicles, apoptotic bodies are nanosized vesicles secreted by most cells of the organism, that demonstrated physiologic and physio-pathologic roles in various processes like hemostasis, metastasis, information transfer through biological macromolecules or more recently in inflammation resolution in regenerative medicine. Therapeutic use of these EVs, in particular as drug delivery systems or as a regeneration triggering agent is of a major interest, for example the use Mesenchymal Stem Cells derived EVs after myocardial infarction or stroke. EV recapitulate their parental cell effect and benefit from unique opportunities like off the shelf availability, low immunogenicity and no anarchic differentiation or pulmonary embolism. However, major obstacles are still to be faced in the field, like the EV drug loading, engineering, targeting, characterization, delivery method and GMP high yield production toward clinical translation. We developed new methods to respond to these needs at the crossroad of biology, physics, pharmacy and medicine, and discovered meanwhile that some of these techniques can be used in other fields and indications. As an example, a new liquid cell transmission electron microscopy labeling method was used to investigate live in situ at the nanoscale level EVs behavior, and can be used for other “soft” materials like liposomes or biology processes. The PEG induced liposome/EV fusion method was designed to produce biological/synthetic hybrids with engineered membrane properties and drug loading. A first response to the production problem was made designing a microfluidic chip allowing shear stress application to trigger EV production. The concept of shear stress triggered EV release was also used in the design of 2nd generation system for high yield, scalable and compliant with Good Manufacturing Practice, EV production method that uses a controlled shear stress to induce EV secretion. These EVs were tested in regenerative medicine models of fistula healing and chronic heart insufficiency confirming the interest of a new local delivery method using thermosensitive gels and their potency compared to parental cells. Our team is now exploring the scale-up, immunogenicity, and stability of these EVs and benchmarking their cost/efficiency in various models to pave the way toward the democratization of EV-based regenerative medicine through a company/platform creation
Hadef-Djebaili, Imane. "Microparticules préparées par transacylation entre sérumalbumine humaine et polysaccharides estérifiés : Approche physicochimique, structurelle et fonctionnelle." Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIMP202.
Full textIn our laboratory, an original method of microencapsulation was developed, based on the use of a transacylation reaction, creating covalent bonds between proteins and propylene glycol alginate (PGA). The covalent bonds are created after alkalization of the aqueous phase of a W/O emulsion, without using bifunctional crosslinking reagent.The resulting microparticles, which are stable, biocompatible and biodegradable, have potential applications for the delivery of active compounds for therapeutics or cosmetics.The first aim of this work is to study the influence of the physicochemical properties of the two polymers (protein and PGA) and of their solutions, as well as the effect of the preparation parameters on the transacylation reaction and on microparticle characteristics. For this purpose, human serum albumin (HSA) was picked as a model protein and microparticles were prepared using several physicochemical conditions then characterized. Several relationships were established between the physicochemical properties of the initial solutions of the two polymers and the functional properties of the resulting microparticles.The second purpose is to replace the PGA, only polysaccharide used for microencapsulation by transacylation so far, by other natural polysaccharides in the preparation of microparticles. Given its limiting intrinsic properties, the replacement of PGA by other polysaccharidic esters seems advantageous in the field of microparticle applications.In this work, the PGA was successfully replaced by a series of semisynthetic alginate esters, and then by other polysaccharidic esters, either natural esters (pectin) or semisynthetic esters (polypectate esters and hyaluronate esters). The optimal conditions for the use of each ester were then determined
Pourbaghi, Masouleh Milad. "Development of lipid nanocapsules for antiangiogenic treatment of glioblastoma and evaluation of their potential for nose-to-brain drug delivery." Thesis, Angers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANGE0037.
Full textGlioblastoma (GB), the most aggressive, and the most frequent primary tumor of the brain in adults, present a prominent vascular proliferation. Innovative therapeutic agents targeting both angiogenesis and tumor cells are urgently required, along with competent systems for their delivery to the brain tumor. One such agent is sorafenib (SFN), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. However, poor aqueoussolubility and undesirable side effects limit its clinical application. The first objective of this thesis was to encapsulate this drug inside lipid nanocapsules(LNCs) to overcome these drawbacks. We developed LNCs with a high SFN encapsulation efficiency (>90%) that inhibited in vitro angiogenesis and the viability of the human U87MG GB cell line. Intratumoral delivery of SFN-LNCs in mice bearing intracerebral U87MG tumors induced early tumor vascular normalization which could be used to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the treatment of GB. The second objective was to define whether intranasal delivery of LNCs could be an alternative non-invasive route. In this regard, we investigated through Förster resonance energy transfer, the fate of dye-loaded LNCs across Calu-3 cell monolayers, a model of the nasal mucosa. We showed that employment of LNCs dramatically increased the delivery of the dye acrossCalu-3 cell monolayer but they were rapidly degraded after their uptake. These data highlight that LNCs are suitable nanocarriers for the local delivery of SFN but must be redesigned for enhancing their nose-to-brain delivery
Le, Minh Quan. "Research on nanodelivery systems for nasal vaccine." Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S020/document.
Full textNasal administration has great advantage for stimulating the immune system, such as stimulating local and systemic protective immunity. However, delivery systems and adjuvants are often necessary to improve the efficacy of the intranasal vaccine. We applied nanoparticle technology to deliver a universal influenza vaccine via the nasal route in a European FP7 project called UniVacFlu.We evaluated different nanoparticles to search the best nanocarrier for an intranasal vaccine. Here we compared 5 types of nanoparticles with different surface charges (anionic or cationic) and various inner compositions as potential vectors: cationic and anionic liposomes, cationic and anionic PLGA (Poly Lactic co-Glycolic Acid) nanoparticles and zwitterionic maltodextrin nanoparticles (cationic surface with an anionic lipid core: NPL). We first quantified their nasal residence time after nasal administration in mice using in vivo live imaging and NPL showed the longest residence time. In vitro endocytosis on mucosal cells (airway epithelial cells, macrophages and dendritic cells) using labeled nanoparticles were performed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Among the 5 nanoparticles, NPL were taken up to the greatest extent by the 3 different cell lines and the endocytosis mechanisms of NPL were characterized. In order to compare different nanoparticles as vaccine carriers, antigen loading and cell delivery were evaluated. In this study, we compared the loading and delivery of labeling ovalbumin with airway mucosa cells (airway epithelial cells, macrophages and dendritic cells) by flow cytometry. Our data showed that NPL were the best candidate that can payload with highest amount of protein and eventually the most efficient cellular protein delivery capacity. Taken together, our study revealed that among 5 nanoparticles, NPL were the best nanocarrier that own longer nasal residence time, efficiently uptake and deliver protein into airway epithelium. NPL were then selected as nanocarrier for the UniVac Flu project.The flu antigens CTA1-3M2e-DD and HA were formulated with NPL. The CTA1-3M2e-DD is an adjuvanted antigen composed of the A1 subunit of cholera toxin and a conserved epitope of influenza A virus (M2e), as well as the dimer of the synthetic analogue of Staphylococcus aureus protein A (DD) used to target B cells. To improve antigenic effect, recombinant HA from H1N1 was combined with CTA1-3M2e-DD. These formulations were evaluated in mice by the UniVacFlu consortium. We observed that CTA1-3M2e-DD and HA loaded into NPL could be a promising universal intranasal influenza vaccine
Yilmaz, Zeynep. "Polyphosphoesters for the design of organic and inorganic drug delivery systems." Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0055.
Full textPolymers with repeating phosphoester linkages in the backbone are biodegradable and emerged as a promising class of novel biomaterials, especially in the field of drug delivery systems. The pentavalency of the phosphorus atom offers a large diversity of structures and as a consequence a wide range of properties for these materials.The thesis focused on the synthesis of novel well-defined diblock copolymers made of one hydrophilic polyethylene oxide (PEO) block and one polyphosphotriester (PPE) block bearing unsaturations as side-group, as a platform for the design of advanced drug delivery systems.Firstly, novel alkenyl PEO-b-PPE amphiphilic copolymers were self-assembled in water, taking profit of the unsaturations to prepare core cross-linked micelles. Doxorubicin could be successfully loaded by impregnation in these micellar nanocarriers leading to improved stability and loading as compared to the corresponding non-cross-linked systems.Besides, the alkynyl and allyl unsaturations of PEO-b-PPE copolymers were used to prepare novel double hydrophilic block copolymers exhibiting calcium complexation capabilities. They were found quite efficient as template for the formation of calcium carbonate particles providing particles of unprecedented small size, and high size homogeneity. The use of a supercritical carbon dioxide process with carboxylic acid containing copolymers allows reaching CaCO3 particles about 1.5 μm. Finally, we demonstrate that adding lysozyme to the process allows encapsulation of this enzyme into the CaCO3 carriers, the protein activity being better preserved by using the PPE-b-PEO as compared to more conventional hyaluronic acid as a template
Caillaud, Marie. "Caractérisation des nanoparticules siRNA-Squalène et étude de leur transport et internalisation Small Interfering RNA From Lab Discovery to Patients’ Recovery New Formulation for the Delivery of Oligonuecleotides Using Clickable siRNA-Polyisoprenoid-Conjugated Nanoparticles: Application Do Cancers Harboring Fusion Oncogenes." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL058.
Full textThe siRNA are a targeted therapy for cancers with fusion oncogenes (chromosomal rearrangement occurring only in tumor cells) and neurodegenerative monogenic diseases such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (demyelinating pathology of the peripheral nervous system). Indeed, siRNAs are specific for the mRNA sequence of a target gene to be inhibited but are unstable in biological media. To protect them from degradation and to transport them, we have conjugated, by copper-free click chemistry, the sense strand of the siRNA to a natural lipid precursor of cholesterol, squalene (SQ). The resulting bioconjugate is then hybridized with the antisense strand and nanoprecipitated. Our study focused on studying the physicochemical characteristics of NPs and showing the interactions occurring in vivo with the serum. The understanding of the mechanisms involved in the transport and internalization aims to propose a personalized nanomedicine based on the use of siRNA-SQ NPs. Our results show that in aqueous solution, siRNA-SQ NPs have a diameter of about 200 nm, are negatively charged (potential ζ ~ -35 mV) and spherical in shape. Using physicochemical and biological methods, we show that siRNA-SQ NPs interact with the two main components of blood, albumin and low-density lipoproteins, allowing their transport to target tissues (tumors and peripheral nerves). siRNA-SQ NPs have shown therapeutic efficacy in different pathological models correlated with inhibition of target genes. However, in vitro, no inhibitory activity was observed without the use of a transfecting agent. Our experiments show that the negative charge of these NPs prevents their internalization by electrostatic repulsion with the cell membrane also negatively charged. In the presence of serum components, the negative charge of siRNA-SQ NPs is neutralized. To conclude, we show that after intravenous injection, siRNA-SQ NPs interact with the major components of the blood, transported by lipoproteins to be internalized in the pathological tissue
Champeau, Mathilde. "Dissolving microneedles for an optimal transdermal delivery of an active principle used in photodynamic therapy : development and proof of concept." Thesis, Lille 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL2S007.
Full textNon-melanoma skin cancers are on the rise with 2 to 3 million people diagnosed each year and are sometimes treated by local ablation therapy. To avoid this surgery, photodynamic therapy (PDT) appears as an advantageous treatment. Currently used in clinics, PDT consists of applying a cream containing a photosensitive precursor to the damaged skin, which, then metabolizes and under light excitation inducescell death. However, this technique is not fully effective if the skin lesion extends into the deep skin layers. To improve the therapeutic treatment of this type of skin cancer, a patch with dissolving microneedles (MNs) was develop to reach the deep layers of lesions that are difficult to treat. Hyaluronic acid, known for its biocompatibility, solubility and biodegradability, was chosen as the constituent material, and mixed with the 5-aminolevulinic acid (photosensitive precursor, 5-ALA). To ensure the best penetration without causing pain by touching the nerve endings, an optimal “pencil-tip” design was defined with MNs length going from 400 to 750μm. A simple and robust manufacturing process called solvent casting molding method, has been set up which is an asset for potential industrialization. In absence of realistic skin lesions model,we chose to establish one on rats skin by applying daily UV-B doses. Histology and pharmacokinetic studies validated the presence of precancerous skin lesions and the MN-patch in vivo efficiency was therefore tested. After one hour application on the injured rat skin, the MN-patch dissolved and released the 5-ALA that further metabolized to protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). A significant level of PpIX fluorescence was recorded suggesting that after light excitation, a PDT session could be effective. In parallel, to reduce pain felt during PDT treatment, a light device with suitable optical and thermal properties was conceived and coupled to the MN-patch. The idea would be to start the illumination directly after MN-patch application in order to avoid a painful photochemical reaction. This wearable and easy to use system purpose a all-in-one PDT processing which fulfills the criterion of patient compliance, better efficiency and speed of treatment
Bouchaala, Younes. "Gestion des messages de sécurité dans les réseaux VANET." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV101/document.
Full textQuality of Service (QoS) requirements for VANET applications vary depending on the nature and type of the application. Therefore, a communication protocol in VANETs must be able to meet various QoS requirements according to the type of traffic. In VANET, the transmission channel is shared by all the vehicles using the same radio frequency. A poor exploitation of the channel can therefore lead to collisions and wasted bandwidth. A MAC protocol must therefore be designed to share the channel between the different nodes in an efficient and fair way.In this thesis we present the following contributions:1- Analysis and improvement of diffusion in the IEEE 802.11 standard.2- Optimization of the CSMA technique for 1D and 2D networks.3- Design of an adaptive transmission algorithm that updates the Carrier Sense threshold to reach a target value.4- Study the gain obtained by the use of directional antennas for Aloha, non-slotted Aloha, and CSMA
Zhou, Yi. "Mechanisms of S-nitrosothiols intestinal permeability and NO store formation within vascular wall to improve NO oral delivery systems." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0101/document.
Full textS-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) such as S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) are promising nitric oxide (NO) donors for cardiovascular diseases treatment. However, they are poorly stable drug candidates. In previous studies, GSNO-loaded nanoparticles (GSNO-NP) were embedded into an alginate/chitosan matrix. Resulting nanocomposite particles showed high encapsulation and sustained release of GSNO, and led to the formation of a NO store in the wall of aorta after a single oral administration to rats. However, these nanocomposite particles have several limitations such as time-consuming preparation, lack of both stability and reproducibility. This thesis work aimed at: 1) Elucidate the mechanism of free RSNOs intestinal absorption; 2) Evaluate ability of free RSNOs to form a vascular NO store; 3) Optimize the GSNO formulation. In this study, we showed that the intestinal permeability (in vitro model of intestinal barrier) of GSNO, S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine (NACNO) and S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) was a passive diffusion, following the transcellular pathway (and also the paracellular way for SNAP) and belonging to the medium permeability class. After crossing the intestinal barrier, RSNOs will reach the vasculature. In order to compare the ability of free RSNOs to form a vascular store of NO either in endothelium-intact or endothelium-removed aortae, we quantified the store, verified its bioavailability for vasorelaxation and evaluated its impact on phenylephrine (PHE)-induced vasoconstriction. Incubation with RSNOs increased the basal NO store three to five times. This store is still bioavailable to induce vasorelaxation and efficient to induce vascular hyporeactivity to PHE (NACNO> GSNO = SNAP) only in endothelium-removed aortae. As intestinal permeability of RSNOs was in the medium class, the integration of GSNO into an appropriate delivery system is essential. Limitations of previously developed nanocomposites particles were impossible to bypass so the production process of GSNO-NP was modified (liquid or solid GSNO in the internal phase of the emulsion) to produce microparticles. Both kinds of microparticles exhibited a slower release of GSNO than GSNO-NP. Nano-and micro-particles were stable after lyophilization and presented an enhancement of GSNO intestinal permeability (up to high permeability class for microparticles). Thus, oral administration of GSNO/RSNO loaded nano/micro particles seems to be a promising avenue for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases
Karim, Reatul. "Design of Nanocarriers to Deliver Small Hydrophobic Molecules for Glioblastoma Treatment." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0055/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to develop nanocarriers for efficient delivery of two low molecular weight hydrophobic drugs, apigenin (AG) and a ferrocifen-derivative(FcTriOH) to glioblastoma (GBM) as potential therapeutic strategies. Firstly, two liposomes, a lipid nanocapsule (LNC), and a polymer-based nanocapsule were develope dand compared by their physicochemical characteristics, drug loading capacity, storage stability, stability in biological serum, drug release profiles, complement consumption and toxicity. Due to various advantageous characteristics, the LNCs were selected for further optimization. Secondly, the LNCs were surface functionalized by adsorbing a GBM-targeting cellpenetratingpeptide (CPP). The CPP concentration increased to significantly enhance LNCinternalization in human GBM cells. The uptake mechanisms observed in U87MG cellswere : micropinocytosis, clathrin-dependent and caveolin-dependent endocytosis. Moreover, the optimized CPP-functionalized LNCs were internalized preferentially in theGBM cells compared to normal human astrocytes. Additionally, the in vitro efficacy of the AG-loaded and FcTriOH-loaded LNCs was evaluated. The FcTriOH-loaded LNC-CPP showed the most promising activity with a low IC50 of 0.5 μM against U87MG cells. Intracerebral administration of the LNCs in a murine orthotopic U87MG tumor modelshowed possible toxic effects and the need for dose optimization. Finally, studies inmurine ectopic U87MG tumor model showed promising activity after parenteral administration of the FcTriOH-loaded LNCs. Overall, these results exhibit the promising activity of FcTriOH-loaded LNCs as potential alternative GBM therapy strategy
Jean, Baptiste Elixène. "Amélioration des propriétés antibactériennes et anticoagulantes des prothèses vasculaires en polyester par immobilisation et libération contrôlée de principes actifs." Thesis, Lille 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL2S043/document.
Full textSynthetic vascular prosthesis likewise vascular endoprosthesis are prone to several complications after implantation into the human body. Infections, thromboses and late occlusions are the most challenging and the most common, leading to serious clinical consequences that are sometimes lethal. Management of those complications is still fraught with tremendous difficulties justifying the economic burden and the continuous efforts in research development for improving vascular prosthetic materials. This research investment is, however, yet to yield any great clinical advance. Previous studies conducted in our research laboratory have led to the development of polyester vascular prostheses coated with a polymer of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. This was achieved in order to increase the loading and eluting capacities of these vascular prostheses towards several antibiotics. In the current works, we sought to determine the optimal conditions for effective controlled release of three antibiotics from those prosthetic platforms. We have also evaluated their efficacy in both in vitro and in vivo models of vascular infections. This was carried-out against nine different bacteria strains that are among the most common in human vascular infections. Moreover, we have assessed in vivo their safety, their healing properties, their systemic toxicity and their biocompatibility in the prospect of clinical application.The above-mentioned drug delivery system has been proved to be effective in releasing in situ the selected antibacterial agents over a seven-day desorption period in human plasma. Optimal batch concentration and time for prosthetic immersion into the antibiotic solutions were well compatible with current surgical practice standards. A bactericidal activity evidenced by significant reduction of bacterial adhesion, growth and proliferation was revealed when compared to appropriate controls in the various tested vascular infection models. We have also studied antibacterial molecules alone or in combination. In this latter setting, no antagonistic effects were depicted. This provides a unique opportunity to customize local antibiotic treatment delivered in situ from vascular device fabrics and to adapt it to the evolving ecology of both monomicrobial and polymicrobial vascular prosthetic infection. The polyester vascular prostheses coated with a polymer of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin were proved in vivo safe and demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, healing properties and tissue integration without any signs of systemic toxicity. [...]
Reeff, Jonathan. "Development and evaluation in vitro and in vivo of injectable hydrolipidic gels with sustained-release properties for the management of articular pathologies." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209288.
Full textIn the first step of this work, it was decided to develop and characterize hydro-lipidic gels based on the use of monolein and hyaluronic acid in order to provide in vitro sustained release of hydrophilic drugs such as clonidine and lipophilic drugs such as betamethasone. Initially, a compatibility study was performed on the main ingredients selected in order to check that there were not physico-chemical incompatibilities, which could be deleterious regarding to their stability in formulation. Then, the development of hydro-lipidic gels was initiated by considering on the first hand the solubility of each ingredient and on the other hand the syringeability, the rheological properties and the in vitro dissolution profiles obtained for the developed formulations. The objective of this preformulation program was to identify potential candidates that presented suitable syringeability while being able to sustain the release of drugs over weeks and being characterized by interesting viscoelastic properties for the long-term management of osteoarthritis. Moreover, several methods of quantification and characterization were developed in order to allow the physico-chemical properties (rheology, syringeability, water uptake, stability and dissolution profiles) of the developed formulations to be studied.
Results of the compatibility study showed that the concomitant use of monolein, hyaluronic acid and clonidine/betamethasone is not contraindicated. Next, the preformulation program allowed many injectable drug delivery systems to be prepared. However, the carrier that best meets our needs was composed of 10,0 % (wt/wt) absolute ethanol ;15,0 % propylene glycol (wt/wt) ;15,0 % (wt/wt) water ;55,0 % (wt/wt) de monolein ;5,0 % (wt/wt) purified soybean oil ;0,03 % (wt/wt) α-tocophérol and 7,5 mg/g sodium hyaluronate (1.9 MDa). This carrier assured suitable syringeability and rheological properties. Indeed, it presented marked pseudoplastic flow behavior that allowed relatively fast injection through a narrow needle, followed by an increase in viscosity upon contact with aqueous fluids to obtain an in vitro sustained release of hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs over a few weeks. As a consequence, it was assumed that this carrier should be able to jellify in situ upon contact with physiological fluid such as synovial fluid. Then, according to EMA recommendations, a fast and easy manufacturing process that could be applied in a cleanroom at industrial scale was validated in our Laboratory. Finally, according to these promising results obtained in vitro, a stability study was performed on the carrier alone and containing clonidine or betamethasone according to ICH recommendations described for products intended for storage in a refrigerator. In that purpose, several parameters such as the quantification of drugs, the pH, the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid, the dissolution profiles of drugs and the rheological properties of the formulations were recorded depending on time and conditions of storage. This stability study showed clearly the importance to adjust the pH value of the formulation. Indeed, it was demonstrated that a pH value of 6.5, adjusted with diluted NaOH, allowed the stability of the formulation to be significantly improved. During this first step of this project, our Laboratory initiated two new collaborations. On the first hand, collaboration with the Laboratory of Professor Siepmann (University of Lille 2 – Faculty of Pharmacy) was started for their expertise on mathematical modeling. On the other hand, collaboration with the Laboratory of Professor Jerôme (ULg – Faculty of sciences) was started for their expertise on macromolecular chemistry and more particularly on rheological properties.
In the second step of this work, it was decided to evaluate in vitro the safety and the efficiency of the developed carrier and formulations containing clonidine or betamethasone. In this way, it was suggested to test selected drugs and potential candidates formulations on equine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) by measuring the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by PMNs stimulated or not with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). For that purpose, our Laboratory initiated a new collaboration with the Laboratory of Professor Serteyn (ULg – Faculty of veterinary) for their expertise on equine PMNs and quantification of (ROS) produced in particular in inflammatory diseases.
This in vitro study has shown that no pro-inflammatory effect appeared by incubating carrier with unstimulated PMNs in comparison with the control assay. However, the production of ROS was quickly and considerably decreased when stimulated cells were placed in contact with carrier regardless on the incorporation of clonidine or betamethasone. This observation demonstrated that developed carrier provided a strong antioxidant effect, certainly by trapping the ROS produced. These results were very promising because that antioxidant effect of carrier could inhibit oxidative damages and might consequently potentiate the prevention of inflammatory conditions. Concerning the clonidine and betamethasone, only the last one provided significant inhibition of the ROS activity.
Finally, by considering the very promising results obtained with the in vitro study on PMNs, an in vivo study on rabbits, which seemed to be the most appropriate small animal model for this kind of intraarticular formulations, was performed to evaluate the toxicity and the efficiency of the developed carrier and formulation containing betamethasone. Therefore, our Laboratory started collaboration with the unit of research in osteo-articular pathologies (UROC) of Pr. Henrotin (ULg) for their expertise in animal models, in particular rabbits with osteoarticular pathologies such as osteoarthritis. For this purpose, this in vivo study was outsourced by TNO (Delft, Holland) and was designed as follow: (i) 0.9 % saline buffered (n=8); (ii) carrier (n=8); (iii) formulation containing betamethasone (n=8); (iv) Durolane® (n=8) a marketed product of HA. Surprisingly, it seemed that the control group (saline buffered) presented macroscopical and histological scores that were globally low according to literature. As a consequence, it was difficult to conclude about the efficiency of the developed treatments by considering only this pilot study. However, it is important to note that it seemed that the expected viscoelastic protection of the carrier to prevent the degradation of articular cartilage was not optimal regardless on the incorporation of betamethasone. Nevertheless, the histological analyses of synovial membranes from each treated groups demonstrated that there was no pro-inflammatory reaction. This meant that all formulations tested were well tolerated despite of the apparition of lumps (in 37.5 % of treated rabbits) that are probably due to both the high volume injected (900 µL) and an excessive and unexpected in situ water uptake of developed formulations based on GMO. However, this lack of rejection of the developed carrier could be very important since it allowed new perspectives to be considered. For example, other articular disorders could be targeted by incorporating drugs, for which in situ sustained release or mechanical protection could be beneficial.
Our laboratory is member of a collaborative project "JOINT-AIC" from BioWin and is supported by a grant from the Walloon Region. The development of analytical methods, the evaluation of physico-chemical properties and finally the preparation of sterile batches of formulations based on GMO intended for in vitro and in vivo studies were performed in the Laboratory of Galenic and Biopharmacy of the Faculty of Pharmacy of ULB./L’arthrose est une pathologie dont la prévalence et le coût ne font qu’augmenter dans notre société vieillissante. Les moyens thérapeutiques actuels étant fort limités suite à de sérieux effets secondaires à long terme, il existe réellement un besoin médical important de développer de nouveaux traitements locaux qui soient bien tolérés, biocompatibles et biodégradables. Idéalement, ceux-ci devraient être actifs au niveau du processus inflammatoire ou de la douleur tout en étant capable de stabiliser, voire de restaurer, l’intégrité mécanique de l’articulation.
Dans cette optique, l’objectif de ce projet a été de développer des systèmes hydrolipidiques stériles, injectables et viscoélastiques qui soient capables de prolonger in situ la libération de principes actifs hydrophiles et lipophiles. Cette caractéristique devait permettre de réduire le nombre d’injections nécessaires dans le cadre du traitement symptomatique de l’arthrose et de maintenir l’effet des composés sur un minimum de quatre à six semaines. Cette étude entre dans le cadre du projet JOINT-AIC entièrement financé par le programme BioWin de la Région Wallonne. Le développement, la validation des méthodes analytiques, l’évaluation des propriétés physico-chimiques ainsi que la préparation stérile des lots de formulation destinés aux tests in vitro et in vivo ont été réalisés au sein du Laboratoire de Galénique et Biopharmacie de la Faculté de Pharmacie de l’ULB.
Au cours de ce projet, il a donc fallu dans un premier temps développer et caractériser des formulations hydrolipidiques à base de monoléine et d’acide hyaluronique permettant une libération in vitro prolongée de principes actifs tels que la clonidine (hydrophile) et le dipropionate de bétaméthasone (lipophile). Une étude de compatibilité a ainsi été préalablement réalisée afin de s’assurer qu’aucun des constituants principaux de la formulation ne présentaient d’incompatibilité physico-chimique qui pourrait être délétère vis-à-vis de leur stabilité en formulation. Ensuite, le développement de préparations hydro-lipidiques a été initié en tenant compte, d’une part de la solubilité des différents composants et, d’autre part de l’injectabilité, des propriétés rhéologiques et des profils de libération de la clonidine obtenus à partir des gels développés. Cette étude visait à obtenir une composition de référence qui soit à la fois injectable et capable de libérer un principe actif hydrophile sur plusieurs jours, voire plusieurs semaines, tout en possédant des propriétés rhéologiques intéressantes dans le cadre d’une viscosupplémentation articulaire. Enfin, un protocole de fabrication en milieu aseptique a été développé et plusieurs méthodes pour étudier les propriétés physico-chimiques des gels développés telles que la rhéologie, l’injectabilité, l’indice de gonflement, la stabilité et les profils de libérations ont été mises en place.
Les résultats ont montré qu’aucune incompatibilité ne semblait exister entre les trois composés majeurs de notre préparation, la monoléine, l’acide hyaluronique et la clonidine. Le développement des formulations nous a ensuite permis d’obtenir de nouveaux systèmes hydrolipidiques stériles et injectables à délivrance prolongée. Le véhicule qui remplissait au mieux nos objectifs était composé de 10,0% (m/m) d’éthanol ;de 15,0% de propylène glycol (m/m) ;de 15,0% (m/m) d’eau ;de 55,0% (m/m) de monoléine ;5,0% (m/m) d’huile de soja purifiée ;0,03% (m/m) d’α-tocophérol, de 7,5 mg/g d’HA et son pH était ajusté à 6,5 avec du NaOH 1N. Ce véhicule a montré un intérêt réel dans le cadre du développement de préparations biodégradables et biocompatibles pour le traitement de pathologies articulaires.En effet, cette composition présentait un écoulement de type pseudoplastique et des propriétés rhéologiques qui lui procuraient une bonne injectabilité. De plus, cette formulation a démontré in vitro une excellente capacité à gélifier au contact de fluides aqueux et à ralentir efficacement sur plusieurs semaines la libération des différents principes actifs incorporés (clonidine et dipropionate de bétaméthasone). Nous pouvions, dès lors, envisager que celle-ci serait capable de gélifier in situ au contact d’un fluide physiologique tel que le liquide synovial. Ensuite, suivant les recommandations de l’EMA, nous avons décidé d’utiliser l’association d’une filtration stérilisante et d’une préparation en milieu aseptique pour obtenir des formulations qui répondaient aux exigences en matière de préparation parentérale. C’est ainsi qu’un protocole de fabrication stérile de nos gels a été développé par nos soins en vue d’une éventuelle mise à l’échelle industrielle. Enfin, une étude de stabilité sur une année, suivant les normes ICH décrites pour des formulations destinées à être conservées au frigo, a été réalisée sur différents véhicules développés et contenant soit la clonidine, soit le dipropionate de bétaméthasone. Dans cette optique, plusieurs paramètres, tels que le dosage en principe actif, l’évolution du pH et du poids moléculaire de HA, le profil de libération ainsi que la rhéologie des formulations ont été évalués au cours du temps aux différentes conditions de conservation testées. Cette étude a permis de démontrer toute l’importance d’ajuster le pH de la préparation pour prévenir l’hydrolyse de l’HA, et cela indépendamment de l’incorporation de principe actif. Ainsi, il a pu être montré que l’ajustement du pH du véhicule à 6,5 à partir de NaOH dilué permettait d’améliorer considérablement la stabilité de la formulation puisqu’aucune modification significative de ses différents paramètres physico-chimiques et teneurs n’a été observée après un an de conservation à 5 et à 25 °C (60% HR) mais également après six mois à 30 °C (65% HR). Au cours de cette première partie, deux collaborations ont été initiées, l’une avec le Laboratoire du Prof. Siepmann de l’Université de Lille 2 et l’autre avec le Prof. Jerôme de l’Université de Liège. Avec l’aide du Prof. Siepmann, il a été possible de mettre au point un modèle mathématique pour caractériser les profils de libération des principes actifs à partir des différents véhicules développés. Le Prof. Jerôme a, quant à elle, mis à notre disposition un rhéomètre qui a permis d’approfondir nos connaissances sur les propriétés rhéologiques et viscoélastiques des formulations.
Ensuite, la seconde partie de notre travail a consisté à évaluer la tolérance, ainsi que l’efficacité des principes actifs sélectionnés et des formulations développées, à travers un modèle in vitro de cellules de l’inflammation (neutrophiles équins). Cette étude avait pour objectif d’évaluer deux aspects importants de la formulation :d’une part vérifier l’absence de réaction pro-inflammatoire qui pourrait être in vivo destructrice vis-à-vis du véhicule ainsi que des tissus environnants, et d’autre part vérifier l’effet anti-inflammatoire propre à la clonidine et au dipropionate de bétaméthasone seuls et en formulation. Cette étude a été réalisée avec la collaboration du Laboratoire du Prof. Serteyn de l’Université de Liège.Cette étude in vitro a démontré que les cellules restaient viables au moins pendant quatre heures lorsqu’elles étaient exposées à la matrice épurée de ses solvants. Ensuite, de manière surprenante, il a même pu être démontré que le véhicule permettait à la fois de prévenir et de réduire significativement la production des espèces réactives de l’oxygène (ROS) par les neutrophiles équins lorsque ceux-ci étaient stimulés au phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Cette propriété peut être d’un grand intérêt dans le cadre de la prise en charge de l’arthrose car cette activité antioxydante pourrait permettre d’inhiber les dommages oxydatifs générés par les ROS et ainsi prévenir les dommages liés au développement du processus inflammatoire et qui peut, à long terme, s’avérer délétère pour les tissus environnants tels que le cartilage. Cette propriété du véhicule semble trouver son origine dans la monoléine qui, de par sa composition en alpha-tocophérol (200 ppm), présente également une activité antioxydante vis-à-vis des ROS. Toutefois, une action synergique liée à l’HA, à l’huile de soja ou à l’alpha-tocophérol incorporés aux formulations, n’est pas à exclure. Enfin, parmi les deux principes actifs sélectionnés, seul le dipropionate de bétaméthasone a montré une inhibition significative de la production des ROS.
Enfin, en tenant compte des résultats obtenus sur cellules, une étude in vivo pilote a été réalisée sur base d’un modèle de lapins. Cette étude visait à vérifier la tolérance ainsi que l’efficacité en prophylaxie de l’arthrose du véhicule développé ainsi que de la formulation contenant le dipropionate de bétaméthasone. Dans ce but, quatre groupes d’animaux (n=8) ont été constitués pour chacun des traitements testés :(i) groupe témoin :0,9 % tampon salin pH 7,4 ;(ii) véhicule à base de GMO développé; (iii) véhicule contenant du dipropionate de bétaméthasone ;(iv) groupe référence :Durolane®. Cette étude a été réalisée avec l’aide du Laboratoire du Prof. Henrotin de l’Université de Liège. L’hébergement des animaux ainsi que les actes chirurgicaux ont, quant à eux, été sous-traités par TNO (Delft, Pays-Bas).
De manière étonnante, il s’est avéré que le groupe contrôle présentait des scores macroscopique et histologique globalement peu élevés par rapport à ce qui est rapporté dans la littérature. Compte tenu de cette observation, il est difficile de se prononcer, sur base uniquement de cette étude, sur l’efficacité des différents traitements testés. Toutefois, il faut reconnaître que l’effet protecteur attendu pour le véhicule vis-à-vis de la dégradation du cartilage ne semble pas optimal et cela indépendamment de l’incorporation de dipropionate de bétaméthasone. Par ailleurs, l’étude des membranes synoviales a permis de démontrer qu’il n’y avait aucune différence significative en termes d’inflammation et de structure entre le groupe contrôle et les différents groupes traités. Ce qui signifie qu’aucun rejet n’a été observé vis-à-vis des formulations et que celles-ci ont, par conséquent, été bien tolérées malgré la formation de masses liées probablement au volume important injecté (900 µL) et au gonflement in situ du produit chez 37,5 % des lapins. Cette observation est importante puisqu’elle permet d’envisager de nouvelles perspectives telles que l’incorporation d’autres principes actifs pouvant éventuellement viser d’autres pathologies articulaires et pour lesquels une libération prolongée ou une protection mécanique du principe actif in situ serait bénéfique.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Maiguy-Foinard, Aurélie. "Prévention des événements indésirables médicamenteux associés à la perfusion en anesthésie-réanimation : évaluation de l'impact de dispositifs médicaux de perfusion innovants." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S017/document.
Full textIntravenous (IV) infusion is a common medical act in clinical wards, although not without risk. Many factors affect drug delivery rate (or drug mass flow rate), especially medical devices used to administer one or more drugs. By their very features, these devices may generate more or less significant variations in drug mass flow rate during infusion.The first part of this work consisted in analysing published literature dealing with the impact of medical devices on drug mass flow rate when delivered intravenously. This systematic review revealed mainly in vitro studies on all factors likely to alter the flow rate or concentration of the drug infused.The first stage of our experimental work is dedicated to preventing hazardous disturbances in the mass flow rate of the drug solution infused intravenously to the patient. It showed in vitro the ability of a new multi-lumen infusion access device with a very low internal volume (Multiline-8, Doran International, France) to prevent such disturbances in drug delivery in the context of multi-infusion therapy and when interrupting and resuming carrier fluid flow. The second stage demonstrated in vitro the impact of infusion set characteristics on the accuracy of morphine doses in patient-controlled analgesia. The use of a low dead space volume Y-set significantly improved the accuracy of the morphine dose delivered during bolus and reduced morphine infusion during lockout intervals. Thus, the use of infusion devices with a very low internal volume minimises variations in drug mass flow rate and consequently, clinical impact.The second part of our work focused on the prevention of drug incompatibilities when several treatments are administered simultaneously. The first task accomplished on this topic showed in vitro the ability of multi-lumen infusion access devices to prevent the occurrence of physicochemical incompatibility between two drugs known to be incompatible (furosemide/midazolam). Our results indicate that three factors impact on physical compatibility between drugs: drug concentration, carrier flow rate and the design of the infusion device. Our main hypothesis is that fluid dynamics differ according to infusion devices which modify contact time between the two drugs and saline. The second task was an in vitro quantification of drug loss in the case of drug incompatibility using the example of furosemide and midazolam. Our study revealed that physical incompatibility between two drugs can lead to a significant reduction in drug delivery to the patient, even in the absence of visible particles. Indeed, furosemide precipitation resulting in the formation of visible and/or sub-visible particles led to a drug loss to the patient estimated at between 10% and 15% when midazolam was present. Preventing incompatibilities is a major challenge to ensure the safety and effectiveness of injectable drugs.The results of the whole of our in vitro studies must be validated in a clinical setting to determine the extent to which the choice of device affects the efficiency and safety of IV therapeutics administered to the patient
Ferraro, Fabiana. "Enzyme-sensitive coatings for colon targeting : species-independent drug delivery systems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILS035.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to produce and characterize novel drug delivery systems for colon targeting.This project is part of the Interreg des 2 mers “Site-specific Drug Delivery” (https://www.interreg2seas.eu/fr/Site-Drug). The site-specific delivery of drugs to the colon presents major therapeutical advantages, for example in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases which required a local action. Conventional oral dosage forms lead to a fast and complete drug release in the stomach and small intestine and, generally, a systemic absorption into the bloodstream. Therefore, systemic concentrations of drugs and associated adverse effects can be considerable. Furthermore, the resulting concentrations of drug at the site of action (the inflamed colon) are low, resulting in low therapeutic efficacy. An ideal dosage form for the local treatment of colonic diseases should effectively prevent the release of the active substance in the stomach and small intestine. On the other hand, once the colon is reached, the release must begin and be controlled over time (including -if desired- a rapid and complete release). In the case of treatment of inflammatory diseases of the colon (e.g. Crohn's disease and haemorrhagic ulcerative colitis), the active ingredient is thus released at its site of action, offering optimal therapeutic effects and minimized side effects. Different types of drug delivery systems have been described in the literature aiming at site-specific release to the colon. Often, the drug is trapped in a polymeric matrix, or a drug reservoir (e.g. minigranules, capsules or tablets loaded with active ingredient) is coated with a polymeric film. The ideal polymers used for this purpose have low permeability for the drug in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract, but become permeable as soon as the colon is reached. In order to allow such control delivery, various systems have been proposed, based in particular on: (i) changes in pH along the gastrointestinal tract, (ii) degradation of the polymer by enzymes preferentially located in the colon, or (iii) structural changes in the polymeric networks after a certain delay, such as the formation of cracks in low permeability films. Nevertheless, special attention should be paid because the pathophysiological conditions in the colon of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases may be significantly different from those in healthy subjects.(i) the pH of the contents of the gastrointestinal tract,(ii) the quality and quantity of microflora (secreting enzymes),(iii) transit times in different sections of the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, a galenic formulation which successfully releases an active ingredient in the colon of a healthy subject may fail in a patient. Similarly, the inter- and intra-individual variability of therapeutic effects can be considerable, if the dosage form is not appropriately adapted to the pathological state. The objective of this thesis project is to develop new galenic forms targeting the release of the active ingredient in the colon and which are adapted to the pathological state. The release of the drug will be triggered by enzymes located in the colon, regardless of the pathological state.1. Methods. The systems were prepared by functional coating of microgranules loaded with 5-ASA as drug. These systems have been characterized physico-chemically in different media simulating the gastrointestinal tract, this includes in particular exposure to media containing stools from patients with inflammatory bowel diseases as well as stools from animal models of these diseases (TNBS rats) and dog stools (healthy) under anaerobic conditions, in collaboration with INSERM U995 (Dr. Christel Neut). The main characterization technique used concerns the study of the release kinetics of systems exposed to these different release media [...]