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Academic literature on the topic 'Systèmes d'aide à la décision clinique – Cardiologie'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Systèmes d'aide à la décision clinique – Cardiologie"
Viti, Mario. "Automated prediction of major adverse cardiovascular events." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG084.
Full textThis research project is expected to be financed by a CIFRE scholarship in collaboration between GE Healthcare and CentraleSupelec. We are seeking to predict Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE). These are typically embolism and aneurisms in the aorta and the coronary arteries, that give rise respectively to interrupted blood flow to the heart and so a risk of infarctus, or major hemorrhage. Both are life-threatening. When a patient is brought to hospital for an alert (angina, etc), they will undergo an X-ray CAT scan, which can be more or less invasive. A major objective of this research is to utilize as well as possible the available information in the form of 3D images together with patient history and other data, in order to avoid needless, invasive, irradiating or dangerous exams, while simultaneously guaranteeing optimal care and the best possible clinical outcome. The proposed methodologies include image analysis, image processing, computer vision and medical imaging procedures and methods, that will be developed in partnership between GE Healthcare and the CVN lab of CENTRALE SUPELEC
Blanchard, Jean-Marc. "Modélisation de l'expertise en recherche clinique : Application à la cancérologie." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0133.
Full textThe medical field and the doctors' usual practice showed an early interest for Artificial Intelligence (A. I. ). The application presented in this piece of work tackles the question of A. I. Within the field of Clinical Research in Oncology. A full presentation of this specific field of research gives a good appreciation of the difficulties met by the clinicians within the frame of their activity. The expert programs of this application are developed to provide an aid for therapeutic decision as well as for the inclusion of patients in Clinical Studies in Oncology. The validation of the quality of the proposed decisions made by the therapeutic decision aided system led to a global result that is 85% conform to the experts proposed decisions after an initial evaluation of about 80%. We also demonstrate that it is possible to improve the expertise by simply extending it to some pathologies that were not taken into account by the initial model. Finally, on the ground of the organization of the knowledge databases that were used, and from the identification of the structuration of the therapeutic proceeding of the experts, we propose a conceptual model of this proceeding representation. This model, decomposed in 3 stages of resolution, translates the doctors expressed expertise while putting their shills in practice
Muro, Amuchastegui Naiara. "Développement d'un système avancé d'aide à la décision clinique : enrichir la connaissance issue des guides de pratique clinique avec l'expérience." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS266.
Full textEvidence-Based Medicine has been formalized as Clinical Practice Guidelines, which define workflows and recommendations to be followed for a given clinical domain. These documents were formalized aiming to standardize healthcare and seeking the best patient outcomes. Nevertheless, clinicians do not adhere as expected to these guidelines due to several clinical and implementation limitations. On one hand, clinicians do not feel familiar, agree with and or are unaware of guidelines, hence doubting their self-efficacy and outcome expectancy compared to previous or more common practices. On the other hand, maintaining these guidelines updated with the most recent evidence requires continuous versioning of these paper-based documents. Clinical Decision Support Systems are proposed to help during the clinical decision-making process with the computerized implementation of the guidelines to promote their easy consultation and increased compliance. Even if these systems help improving guideline compliance, there are still some barriers inherited from paper-based guidelines that are not solved, such as managing complex cases not defined within the guidelines or the lack of representation of other external factors that may influence the provided treatments, biasing from guidelines’ recommendations (i.e. patient preferences). Retrieving observational data and patients’ quality of life outcomes related to the provided healthcare during routine clinical practice could help to identify and overcome these limitations and would generate Real World Data representing the real population and going beyond the limitations of the knowledge reported in the Randomized Clinical Trials. This thesis proposes an advanced Clinical Decision Support System for coping with the purely guideline-based support limitations and going beyond the formalized knowledge by analyzing the clinical data, outcomes, and performance of all the decisions made over time. To achieve these objectives, an approach for modeling the clinical knowledge and performance in a semantically validated and computerized way has been presented, leaning on an ontology and the formalization of the Decisional Event concept. Moreover, a domain-independent framework has been implemented for easing the process of computerizing, updating and implementing Clinical Practice Guidelines within a Clinical Decision Support System in order to provide clinical support for any queried patient. For addressing the reported guideline limitations, a methodology for augmenting the clinical knowledge using experience has been presented along with some clinical performance and quality evaluation over time, based on different studied clinical outcomes, such as the usability and the strength of the rules for evaluating the clinical reliability behind the formalized clinical knowledge. Finally, the accumulated Real World Data was explored to support future cases, promoting the study of new clinical hypotheses and helping in the detection of trends and patterns over the data using visual analytics tools. The presented modules had been developed and implemented in their majority within the European Horizon 2020 project DESIREE, in which the use case was focused on supporting Breast Units during the decision-making process for Primary Breast Cancer patients management, performing a technical and clinical validation over the presented architecture, whose results are presented in this thesis. Nevertheless, some of the modules have been also used in other medical domains such as Gestational Diabetes guidelines development, highlighting the interoperability and flexibility of the presented work
Labarère, José. "Développement ascendant de recommandations pour la pratique clinique en situation d'incertitude scientifque : apport des arbres d'induction et application à la prévention de la maladie thrombo-embolique veineuse." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE19012.
Full textClinical practice guidelines are systematically developed statements to assist practitioner decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances. When robust scientific evidence is lacking, clinical guidelines are derived from expert opinion. This leads to inconsistent guidelines which vary in their advice. This thesis reports the implementation of an ascending method of guideline development based on observational data in the case of prevention for venous thromboembolism. This method reduces the scientific uncertainty by extracting clinical decision rules from physician practice data. For this purpose, we used classification and regression tree methods. The accuracy of the clinical decision rules was illustrated by the rate of an outcome measure in the corresponding subsets of patients. This method reduces expert subjectivity in the process of development and increases the expected validity of the guidelines. Finally, we have demonstrated the impact of these guidelines on both physician practices and deep vein thrombosis, through a before-and-after study design
Guelfucci, Florent. "Utilisation des grandes bases de données longitudinales non cliniques dans la déscription des trajectoires pharmaco-thérapeutiques de patients atteints d’une maladie clinique." Paris, EPHE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EPHE3002.
Full textLarge longitudinal and non-clinical medical databases allows researchers to describe the patient healthcare management and healthcare provider practices in real life setting over a long period of time taking into account interactions of various factors relating the patient health status and the health care system characteristics. Due to the quantity of information available and the data collection methods used, the large longitudinal databases are a source of information as important as difficult to handle. Their increasing uses pose a series of methodological challenges, especially when it comes to identifying and observing treatment pathways in patients with a chronic disease, as many incidental events may hide the key trends. The task is complex and there is still no consensus and a lack of transparency about the methods to use. The objective of this thesis is multiple: appraise the limits and advantages of using longitudinal databases in the description of pharmaco-therapeutic pathways of patients in healthcare systems and propose potential appropriate methodologies. Two types of longitudinal databases are considered as part of the thesis: (1) administrative claim databases insurance, (2) Primary and/or secondary care databases including data collected during visits or hospitalisations. A first part describes the different types of therapeutic management for patients with a chronic disease and presents the large longitudinal and non-clinical medical databases, their utility and function. Various comparative studies on chronic diseases are presented in the second part. It enables to understand the strengths and limitations of these databases to describe the treatment pathways. Each analysis has led to the use of a global approach and to the development of different methodologies and algorithms of definition of the treatment pathways. Those methods are criticised and compared. Based on this researches, the last part (1) enumerate the problems and pitfalls to avoid while using large longitudinal and non-clinical medical databases to characterise treatment pathways of patients with chronic disease (2) demonstrate the benefits of a simple and transparent global approach, reflecting the reality globally, not individually, to describe the different pharmaco-therapeutic strategies. These works lead to the conclusion that real-word efficacy assessments using large longitudinal databases can play an important role in drug development process in chronic disease, but this will only be possible through gradual progress and greater transparency in data handling. A methodology adaptable to the objective, the variable of interest, the disease characteristics and the treatment specificities can provide investigators a clear representation of the different possible treatment pathways, provided that this tool is simple and transparent
Kushlaf, Najah. "Aide à la décision pour l'apprentissage." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VALE0010/document.
Full textThe research realized in this thesis proposes a decision support to improve the quality of learning. The learning includes two dimensions; human dimension and pedagogic one. The human dimension includes the learner and the teacher. The pedagogic dimension represented in curriculum set by the educational establishment; it is the know. The learner is going to transform the know into knowledge. Thus the know and the knowledge are two notions completely different. The distance between both is the distance between what the teacher presents (the know) and what the learner acquires (the knowledge). The quality of the learning concerns the learners who go to the school to acquire the know. In fact, learning consists in interiorizing the know. This internalization requires the efforts for persistent intellectual change and demands continuity based on past experiences. The acquisition of knowledge and its transformation into knowledge by the learner is influenced by several factors that affect positively or negatively on the quantity and quality of this knowledge. The confusion between the know and the knowledge guide the learner to value or to ignore his knowledge. The knowledge construction process by the diffused know requires an constant evaluation process. The process of evaluation then appreciates the structure of knowledge to make decisions intended to make it evolve. However, during an evaluation, the confusion between knowledge and knowledge can bring learner to value the score so neglecting the importance which he must give for the transformation knowledge process in favor of the highest possible fidelity of knowledge. This confusion can be detected provided that the evaluation includes a processual dimension. Therefore, the evaluation may be better associated with improvement actions and transformation of knowledge. Then the evaluation can be addressed in a logical decision support. Therefore In this research we demonstrate that the learning situation is a decision aiding situation
Robert, Laurine. "Contextualisation des effets indésirables liés aux médicaments à type d’hyperkaliémie et d’insuffisance rénale aiguë chez les personnes âgées." Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S028.
Full textThe prevention of adverse drug reactions (ADR) in older patients is a major public health issue due to their clinical and economic impacts. Studies that aimed at preventing these ADR focus mainly on so-called inappropriate prescriptions, i.e. with a negative benefit-risk ratio (validated standards). However, more than half of ADR are due to appropriate prescriptions, i.e. those that meet the recommendations of good practice, and are well tolerated by the patient.The objective of this thesis is to describe the mechanisms by which appropriate and tolerated chronic prescriptions are the source of ADR in older patients during intercurrent situations.This thesis is based on a historical cohort of more than 14,000 hospital stays in older patients (≥ 75 years old), established during the European PSIP project. Risk situations secondary to medication were automatically detected and then read back via the Scorecards® interface (independent double proofreading). We describe the results of 3 studies: (1) analysis of hospital hyperkalemia secondary to drugs; (2) analysis of community acute kidney injury secondary to drugs; (3) creation of risk profiles of hyperkalemia secondary to drugs for integration into a computerized decision support system
Bouguerra, Afef. "Optimisation et aide à la décision pour la programmation des opérations électives et urgentes." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0171/document.
Full textThe operating theater is one of the most critical and expensive hospital resources. Indeed, a high percentage of hospital admissions are due to surgical interventions. Rising expenditures spur health care organizations to organize their processes more efficiently and effectively. This thesis is supported by the urban community of Sarreguemines-France and the region of Lorraine-France, and is carried out in collaboration with the Centre Hospitalier de Sarreguemines - Hôpital Robert Pax. In the first part of this work, we propose two mathematical programming models to help operating theater managers in developing an optimal operating rooms scheduling. We also propose a constructive heuristic to obtain near optimal results for realistic sizes of the problem. In the second part of our work, the whole scheduling process is modeled as a hybrid four-stage flow shop problem with RSb blocking constraint, and is solved by a genetic algorithm. The objective is to synchronize all the needed resources around the optimal daily schedule obtained with the proposed mathematical model. The last part of our work is dedicated to non-elective surgeries. We propose a decision support tool, guiding the operating room manager, to handle this unpredictable flow of patients. Non-elective patients are classified according to their medical priority. The main contribution of the proposed decision support tool is to provide online assignment strategies to treat each non elective patient category. Proposed assignments are riskless on patient’s health. According to non-elective surgery classes, the proposed adjusted schedule minimizes different criteria such as patient’s waiting time, deviation from the firstly scheduled starting time of a surgery and the amount of resulting overtime
Marcilly, Romaric. "Towards a usability knowledge base to support health information technology design and evaluation : Application to Medication Alerting Systems." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S037/document.
Full textHealth Information Technology (HIT) is increasingly implemented to improve healthcare quality and patient safety. However, some usability issues may reduce their impact and even induce new problems (including patient safety issues). To avoid those negative outcomes, amongst other actions, HIT usability must be improved. This action requires applying validated usability knowledge. However, usability knowledge applied to HIT is scattered across several sources, is not structured and is hardly usable. Moreover, its coverage regarding related usability flaws is not known. This work has two aims: (i) to participate in improving the accumulation of usability knowledge for HIT and (ii) to provide synthetic structured easy-to-use HIT usability knowledge with a clear coverage. Those aims are applied to medication alerting systems.Method.Two independent analyses of the literature have been performed. On the one hand, usability flaws and their consequences for the clinicians and the work system have been searched and organized; on the other hand, existing usability design principles specific to medication alerting systems have been synthesized. Results of both analyses have been matched together. Results.A systematic review identified 13 types of usability flaws in medication alerting systems. Consequences on the clinicians and the work system are varied: they greatly impede the clinicians and negatively impact the work system (e.g., alert fatigue, alert misinterpretation). Sixty-three usability design principles dedicated to medication alerting systems are identified. They represent six themes: improve the signal-to-noise ratio, fit clinicians’ workflow, support collaborative work, display relevant information, make the system transparent and provide useful tools. The matching between usability flaws and principles is quite good.Discussion.As a result of this work, a list of usability design principles illustrated by actual instances of their violation has been developed. It may help designers and Human Factors experts understand and apply usability design principles when designing and evaluating medication alerting systems. Usability applied to HIT is a recent research field that suffers from a deficit of structured knowledge. This work shows that it is possible to accumulate and structure usability knowledge. It could be carried on by developing a usability knowledge base dedicated to HIT in order to strive towards “evidence-based usability”
Avillach, Paul. "Du système d'information clinique au système d'information épidémiologique : apport de l'intéropérabilité sémantique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20697.
Full textMedical information collected during clinical care must be re-used to address other more collective goals. In this context of re-using data from a clinical information system for epidemiological research, the objective of this work is to study the contribution of semantic interoperability across a number of practical situations we have met and discussed which illustrate the nature of semantic consistency problems associated with processing of medical data.Coexistence at a given time, of several semantic repositories should not be considered as an obstacle to interoperability. Generic tools can be designed and developed to move seamlessly from one component to another with as little loss of information as possible. The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) is one of the semantic integration tools. Its use in this work shows the generality of this method and its potential for solving this class of semantic interoperability problems.The richness of each of the terminology can, when combined into a single pivot semantic repository, enrich the set of terminologies individually for a better representation of knowledge.Semantic interoperability improves the availability and quality of reusable data for public health research. It also enriches existing data. It provides access to new sources of data, aggregated in a valid manner, allowing benchmarking or richer analysis