Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Systèmes contextuels'
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Destin, Iramène. "L’approche par compétences en contextes scolaires francophones : quels enjeux contextuels dans le cas d’Haïti et du Burkina Faso ?" Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA131/document.
Full textEducation systems in developing countries have undergone real transformations since the 1990s. Different reforms have been undertaken to improve their effectiveness in the face of the various changes brought about by the effects of globalization. Following the two major international meetings in Jomtien in 1990 and in Dakar in 2000 devoted to the state of education in the world, this sector is at the center of global concerns. Thus, under the impetus of the major challenges launched by international funding agencies at large gatherings, developing countries are committed to undertake comprehensive reforms in their education systems.However, due to their philosophy, constraints linked to the particularities of the contexts of appropriation and the pressure exerted by donors who demand rapid results, these reforms face enormous difficulties of applicability.This dissertation analyzes the beginning of the skills reform undertaken in Haiti and Burkina Faso in 2007. It reinforces the idea of the need for a national strategy, in redefining objectives according to the realities and aspirations of the populations, in managing the human and material resources needed to effectively reform against the risk of further weakening these already precarious educational systems
Stratulat, Sorin. "Preuves par récurrence avec ensembles couvrants contextuels : applications à la vérification de logiciels de télécommunications." Nancy 1, 2000. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001304.
Full textThe software certification process is in most of the cases a laborious and costly task that needs not only mathematical methods to express clearly and in a structured manner the software's expected behavior but also automatic tools to prove sorne of its properties. Among the proof techniques, induction is well-suited to reason on infinite data structures, like integers and lists, or parameterized systems. This thesis contains a theoretical and an applicative part. The first one is centered around the new concept of contextual cover set (CCS). The principle of induction with cess is reftected by an abstract inference system introducing sufficient conditions for its sound usage. The modular design of concrete inference rules is an advantage of this approach. As a case study, we specify the SPIKE prover as an instance of this system. In the second part, we first analyze the feature interaction problem in telecommunications. We propose a methodology for their detection and resolution by using techniques based on conditional rewriting and induction. In another application, we obtain the first formaI proof of a generic incremental ABR conformance algorithm, by using the PYS prover. Then, we use SPIKE to verify completely automatically the most of the 80 user-defined lemmas
Dabbebi, Ines. "Conception et génération dynamique de tableaux de bord d’apprentissage contextuels." Thesis, Le Mans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LEMA1040/document.
Full textThis work is part of a broader issue of Learning Analytics (LA). It is particularly carried out within the context of the HUBBLE project, a national observatory for the design and sharing of data analysis processes. We are interested in communicating data analysis results to users by providing LA dashboards (LAD). Our main issue is the identification of generic LAD structures in order to generate dynamically tailored LAD. These structures must be generic to ensure their reuse, and adaptable to users’ needs. Existing works proposed LAD which remains too general or developed in an adhoc way. According to the HUBBLE project, we want to use identified decisions of end-users to generate dynamically our LAD. We were interested in the business intelligence area because of the place of dashboards in the decision-making process. Decision-making requires an explicit understanding of user needs. That's why we have adopted a user-centered design (UCD) approach to generate adapted LAD. We propose a new process for capturing end-users’ needs, in order to elaborate some models (Indicator, visualization means, user, pattern, …). These models are used by a generation process implemented in a LAD dynamic generator prototype. We conducted an iterative evaluation phase. The objective is to refine our models and validate the efficiency of our generation process. The second iteration demonstrates the impact of the decision on the LAD generation. Thus, we can confirm that the decision is considered as a central element for the generation of LADs
Pook, Stuart. "Interaction et contexte dans les interfaces zoomables." Paris, ENST, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENST0024.
Full textCasals, Arthur. "Smart Mobility. An approach using multiagent planning and coordination." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS063.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose a self-adaptive approach to build a smart traffic light management system to be used in intersections. This approach relies on the multiagent systems (MAS) architecture and the BDI agent paradigm to model, design, and implement a MAS for traffic control able to support a distributed and collaborative regulation mechanism while taking into account dynamic changes in the traffic flow. Our research involves the domains of context-aware systems, intelligent agents, multiagent systems, collaborative planning among agents, distributed architectures, contextual reasoning, and ambient intelligence. Our contributions include a general model for intelligent agents contextual augmentation, a collaborative planning mechanism for contextual agents, and a framework to provide agent planning as a service in distributed, loosely-coupled architectures. This work, when combined, results in a collaborative agent apt to be used in scenarios involving management and control of traffic lights. Our cumulative experiments, together with the evolution of our agent architecture, result in a MAS that (i) allows the agents to optimize the realization of their individual intentions and (ii) is able to rely on auxiliary processes such as machine learning (reinforcement learning) to improve the overall quality of the system. Our complete approach is validated by localized experiments, simulations, and experiments reflecting real-world scenarios
Couderc, Paul. "Mobilité contextuelle dans les systèmes d'informations." Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN10110.
Full textPasquier, Laurent. "Modélisation de raisonnements tenus en contexte : application à la gestion d'incidents sur une ligne de métro." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066287.
Full textKrupa, Yann. "PrivaCIAS - Privacité selon l'intégrité contextuelle dans les systèmes agents décentralisés." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843082.
Full textFerré, Sébastien. "Systèmes d'information logiques : un paradigme logico-contextuel pour interroger, naviguer et apprendre." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10143.
Full textHue, Jean-François. "L'analyse contextuelle des textes en langue naturelle : les systèmes de réécritures typées." Nantes, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NANT2034.
Full textHammar, Rabia. "Conception et mise en oeuvre d'un système de visualisation contextuelle." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4864.
Full textCoste, Benjamin. "Détection contextuelle de cyberattaques par gestion de confiance à bord d'un navire." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IMTA0106/document.
Full textNavigation and ship’s management are two essential aspects for the security of the ship itself and people on board as much as the maritime environment protection. Modern ships ensure these functions by increasingly embedding connected and automated technologies such as sensors, actuators, programmable logic controllers and pieces of software. However, the security of this objects as well as the trust in the information they produce cannot be guaranteed: they can be deceived or under the control of a malicious third party. In this context, a novel approach of data falsification detection is proposed. It is based on trust assessment of information system components which can be seen as inter-related functional blocks producing, processing and receiving pieces of information. The trust one can have inproduction blocks, called information sources, is assessed through its ability to report real situation of the ship. Trust is then propagated to the remainder part of the system. A simulator was made thanks to which we experiment several scenarios including intentional modification of numerical data. In these cases and under some conditions, the variability of trust give us the ability to identify the attack occurrence as much as its target. Our proposition is not restricted to naval information systems and can be employed in various situations even with human factor
Yin, Chuantao. "Samcco : un Système d'Apprentissage Mobile Contextuel et Collaboratif dans des Situations Professionnelles." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00564488.
Full textStriegnitz, Kristina. "Génération d'expressions anaphoriques : Raisonnement contextuel et planification de phrases." Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN10186.
Full textThis thesis investigates the contextual reasoning involved in the production of anaphoric expressions in natural language generation systems. More specifically, I propose generation strategies for two types of discourse anaphora which have not been treated in generation before: bridging descriptions and additive particles. To this end the contextual conditions that govern the use of these expressions have to be formalized. The formalization that I propose is based on notions from linguistics and extends previous approaches to the generation of co-referential anaphora. I then specify the reasoning tasks that have to be carried out in order to check the contextual conditions. I describe how they can be implemented using a state-of-the-art reasoning system for description logics, and I compare my proposal to alternative approaches using other kinds of reasoning tools. Finally, I describe an experimental implementation of the proposed approach
Rifaieh, Rami Dib. "Utilisation des ontologies contextuelles pour le partage sémantique entre les systèmes d'information dans l'entreprise." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0094/these.pdf.
Full textAujourd’hui le partage sémantique entre les systèmes d’information est devenu un challenge dans les entreprises. En effet, ces systèmes constituent les fondements de la gestion du métier de l’entreprise, mènent les stratégies économiques et décisionnelles, et gèrent la communication avec les partenaires. Pour ces raisons, ces systèmes doivent être amenés à fonctionner ensemble pour permettre d’atteindre les objectifs visés par l'entreprise. Nous constatons que le partage sémantique représente une réelle barrière empêchant de faire interopérer et réutiliser ces systèmes à travers une architecture pratique. Depuis quelques années, l'usage des ontologies est de plus en plus grandissant pour résoudre le problème de partage sémantique. Le but de cette thèse est de contextualiser les ontologies et de s'en servir comme base formelle pour mettre en place des plateformes d'intégration et d'échange de données dans les systèmes d'information d'entreprise (SIE). Une architecture et une implémentation couvrant des scénarios d'utilisation, vient à l'appui du cadre formel
Benouaret, Idir. "Un système de recommandation contextuel et composite pour la visite personnalisée de sites culturels." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2332/document.
Full textOur work concerns systems that help users during museum visits and access to cultural heritage. Our goal is to design recommender systems, implemented in mobile devices to improve the experience of the visitor, by recommending him the most relevant items and helping him to personalize the tour he makes. We consider two mainly domains of application : museum visits and tourism. We propose a context-aware hybrid recommender system which uses three different methods : demographic, semantic and collaborative. Every method is adapted to a specific step of the museum tour. First, the demographic approach is used to solve the problem of the cold start. The semantic approach is then activated to recommend to the user artworks that are semantically related to those that the user appreciated. Finally, the collaborative approach is used to recommend to the user artworks that users with similar preferences have appreciated. We used a contextual post filtering to generate personalized museum routes depending on artworks which were recommended and contextual information of the user namely : the physical environment, the location as well as the duration of the visit. In the tourism field, the items to be recommended can be of various types (monuments, parks, museums, etc.). Because of the heterogeneous nature of these points of interest, we proposed a composite recommender system. Every recommendation is a list of points of interest that are organized in a package, where each package may constitute a tour for the user. The objective is to recommend the Top-k packages among those who satisfy the constraints of the user (time, cost, etc.). We define a scoring function which estimates the quality of a package according to three criteria : the estimated appreciation of the user, the popularity of points of interest as well as the diversity of packages. We propose an algorithm inspired by composite retrieval to build the list of recommended packages. The experimental evaluation of the system we proposed using a real world data set crawled from Tripadvisor demonstrates its quality and its ability to improve both the relevance and the diversity of recommendations
Pauty, Julien. "Rôle de la géométrie en informatique diffuse : programmation des applications et navigation contextuelle." Rennes 1, 2006. ftp://ftp.irisa.fr/techreports/theses/2006/pauty.pdf.
Full textCarrillo, Ramos Angela Cristina. "Agents ubiquitaires pour un accès adapté aux systèmes d'information : Le Framework PUMAS." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136931.
Full textA travers deux propositions, les travaux de thèse exposés ici tentent d'apporter une réponse à cette double problématique. Tout d'abord, nous avons conçu et réalisé un framework appelé PUMAS qui offre à des utilisateurs nomades un accès à l'information, qui prend en compte le contexte d'utilisation. L'approche que nous avons choisie est celle des agents. Ainsi, l'architecture de PUMAS est composée de quatre Systèmes Multi-Agents (SMA) respectivement dédiés à la connexion aux SI, la communication entre les utilisateurs et les SI, la gestion de l'information et l'adaptation de celle-ci. Ensuite, nous avons élaboré un Système de Gestion de Profil Contextuel (SGPC) qui contribue à l'adaptation de l'information délivrée à un utilisateur nomade sur trois aspects : i) une formalisation de la notion de préférence de l'utilisateur qui permet de modéliser les activités accomplies dans le système, les résultats attendus de ces activités et la manière dont ces résultats sont présentés ; ii) un algorithme de correspondance contextuelle qui génère le profil contextuel d'un utilisateur nomade à partir du contexte d'utilisation ; iii) un mécanisme qui gère les conflits pouvant survenir entre les préférences de l'utilisateur. Enfin, le SGPC a été intégré à PUMAS au sein du SMA dédié à l'adaptation de l'information.
Jouen, Anne-Lise. "Au-delà des mots et des images, bases neurophysiologiques d'un système sémantique commun à la compréhension des phrases et des scènes visuelles." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10322.
Full textCertain theories of cognitive function postulate a neural system for processing meaning, independent of the stimulus input modality. The objective of this thesis work, in line with the embodied cognition domain, was to study functionalities of such a network involved in both sentence and visual scene comprehension. In the literature, a wide network of fronto-temporo-parietal sensorimotor and associative areas are described as being involved in this process, and while there’s a lack of consensus on the amodal nature of this system, extensive research has focused on identifying distributed cortical systems that participate in meaning representations separately in the visual and language modalities. Moreover, the stimuli used are generally less complex than everyday life situations we meet. However, a significant portion of human mental life is built upon the construction of perceptually and socially rich internal scene representations and these mental models are involved in a large variety of processes for exploring specific memories of the past, planning the future, or understanding current situations. Although diffusion-tensor imagery based techniques makes feasible the visualization of white matter tracts in the human brain, the connectivity of the semantic network has been little studied. Through different experimental protocols involving mainly neuroimaging techniques (fMRI, DTI, EEG), we were able to reveal the neurophysiological basis of this common semantic network involved in the building of representation and comprehension of rich verbal and non-verbal stimuli. With our first experiment, we examined brain activation and connectivity in 19 subjects who read sentences and viewed pictures corresponding to everyday events, in a combined fMRI and DTI study. Conjunction of activity in understanding sentences and pictures revealed a common fronto temporo-parietal network that included inferior frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, the retrosplenial complex, and medial temporal gyrus extending into the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) and inferior parietal lobe. DTI tractography revealed a specific architecture of white matter fibers supporting this network which involves principally the pathways described as the ventral semantic route (IFOF, UF, ILF, MdLF). Our second experiment, which is a behavioral protocol, explored interindividual differences in the ability to represent sentences presented in auditory or visual modality. We demonstrated that individuals are not equal in this capacity to represent sentences, these differences were reflected in the effects on behavioral markers including scores of ease of representation (COR) and speed of responses (TR); they are also related to the number of fibers of the MdLF which supposes a role for this fasciculus in capacities of representation. Both the results of this behavioral protocol and results from our third EEG experiment also showed that the contextual effect was significant: the context induced by the presentation of a first stimulus has the ability to influence the representation of a second stimulus when is the second is semantically consistent or not with the first presented stimulus. Our EEG results (ERPs) revealed components influenced by the available semantic information: early attentional effects which could be modality-specific and later semantic integration process common for verbal and non-verbal stimuli... [etc]
Kirsch, Pinheiro Manuele. "Adaptation Contextuelle et Personnalisée de l'Information de Conscience de Groupe au sein des Systèmes d'Information Coopératifs." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00108495.
Full textAroua, Anissa. "Conception et réalisation d'un consultant basé sur le contexte : application en histopathologie pour la gradation du cancer du sein." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01062600.
Full textShahram, Nourizadeh. "Un système de télésanté contextuel avec support de qualité de service pour le maintien à domicile." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00645544.
Full textNourizadeh, Shahram. "Un système de télésanté contextuel avec support de qualité de service pour le maintien à domicile." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL044N/document.
Full textThis thesis is a thesis CIFRE between LORIA and the MEDETIC Company and focuses on the design of telehomecare system for the elderly.In addition to the design of a remote surveillance architecture “Vill’Âge ®” based on networks of heterogeneous sensor (home automation, IEEE802.15.4/Zigbee, Wifi, Bluetooth), thesis has contributed essentially on the proposal of a clustering and routing protocol in the network of wireless sensors with an approach to fuzzy logic, and of a middleware for the collection and processing of data from sensors with the management of the quality of service as a special feature.A first platform was developed at Colmar (MEDETIC) and a second who is more complete is under development at LORIA (http://infositu.loria.fr/).By using this system, MEDeTIC, offers a new concept of smart homes for the senior citizens, named in French “Maisons Vill’Âge”. The first housing schemes are being built in 2 departments of France. A flat is entirely equipped to act as a demonstrator and as laboratory of research and development.The system is designed for the elderly who wish to spend their old age in their own home, because of its potential to increase independence and quality of life. This would not only benefit the elderly who want to live in their own home, but also the national health care system by cutting costs significantly. Based on this PhD thesis, MPIGate, a “Multiprotocol Interface and Gateway for for telecare, environment”, has been developed. MPIGate was awarded in the competition of the Ministry of Higher Education and Research and OSEO 2010
Nebhani, Naima. "Une nouvelle approche de modélisation et d'adaptation contextuelle des systèmes pervasifs : la plateforme COALA (COntext Adaptation Platform)." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2010/document.
Full textThe study of the literature proves that context-awareness has become a key element for the implementationof adaptive services in pervasive interactive applications. In fact, the present work focuseson the context of modeling issues for the adaptation of services provided by the invective pervasiveapplications to the sensitivity of context situations. The context is no longer a pre-established and predefinedtemplate when designing interactive applications systems but rather a dynamic description ofthe common situations that can be discovered in the context data and can dynamically be changedwhen changing user’s requirements and preferences. The systems of pervasive applications must beavailable in different contexts of use according to the user’s environment, the terminal being used, location. . .. The major challenge of these systems accordingly relates to the adaptation of the servicesoffered by interactive applications to the user context. In Order to respond to different requirementsof dynamic adaptation to changes in contextual situations, following the changes in usage patternsas well as the dynamics of the pervasive environment and the heterogeneity of context data sources,we propose mechanisms used to provide the traceability of the context as Virtual contextual Cards(VCOC). These works were carried out and applied as part a PhD under joint supervision betweenTunisia and France
Saker, Ilham. "Modélisation des connaissances contextuelles pour la conception d'un Système d'Aide aux opérateurs en cas d'incidents." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066631.
Full textGoujon, Bénédicte. "Utilisation de l'exploration contextuelle pour l'aide à la veille technologique : réalisation du système informatique vigitext." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040018.
Full textWolff, Frédéric. "Analyse contextuelle des gestes de désignation en dialogue homme-machine." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10042.
Full textUsual interfaces suppose the user to translate his intention into machine language, i. E. Software commands. On the contrary, multimodal Human-Computer interfaces appear to the user as a communication partner able to adapt to his expression. However, almost ail works are devoted to the verbal aspect of human expression, and limit gesture to simple and stereotypic forms like pointings. This study is aimed at modelling natural referring gestures appearing in multimodal dialogues. Indeed, psychological works indicate the importance and omnipresence of gestures in Human-Human communication. Moreover, these approaches reveal the role of prime importance played by perception to prepare, produce, control and interpret gestures. Our work investigates the relations between perception and action on the basis of empirical date collected through a Wizard of Oz experiment. A dedicated experimentation soft-ware has been especially developed to record and study spatial and temporal dialogue features in more accurate way than usual data. The corpus study has shown the strong influence of perceptual context on multimodal expression and in particular on gesture. On this conclusion, a perception oriented contextual gesture analysis has been developed allowing to face wilh the numerous variability and ambiguity sources. Psychological principles as affordances and the Gestalttheorie laws introduced in our approach allow us to narrow perception and referring action, and 50 to put action back in its perceptual context of production
Jeveme, Panta Franck. "Modélisation des métadonnées multi sources et hétérogènes pour le filtrage négatif et l'interrogation intelligente de grands volumes de données : application à la vidéosurveillance." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30098.
Full textDue to the massive and progressive deployment of video surveillance systems in major cities, a posteriori analysis of videos coming from these systems is facing many problems, including the following: (i) interoperability, due to the different data (video) formats and camera specifications associated to each system; (ii) time-consuming nature of analysis due to the huge amount of data and metadata generated; and (iii) difficulty to interpret videos which are sometimes incomplete. To address these issues, the need to propose a common format to exchange video surveillance data and metadata, to make video content filtering and querying more efficient, and to facilitate the interpretation of content using external (contextual) information is an unavoidable concern. Therefore, this thesis focuses on heterogeneous and multi-source metadata modeling in order to propose negative filtering and intelligent data querying, which are applicable to video surveillance systems in particular and adaptable to systems dealing with large volumes of data in general. In the applicative context of this thesis, the goal is to provide human CCTV operators with tools that help them to reduce the large volume of video to be processed or viewed and implicitly reduce search time. We therefore initially propose a so-called "negative" filtering method, which enables the elimination from the mass of available videos those that it is know in advance, based on a set of criteria, that the processing will not lead to any result. The criteria used for the proposed negative filtering approach are based on metadata modeling describing video quality and usability/usefulness. Then, we propose a contextual enrichment process based on metadata from the context, enabling intelligent querying of the videos. The proposed contextual enrichment process is supported by a scalable metadata model that integrates contextual information from a variety of sources, and a multi-level query mechanism with a spatio-temporal reasoning ability that is robust to fuzzy queries. Finally, we propose a generic metadata modeling of video surveillance metadata integrating metadata describing the movement and field of view of cameras, metadata from content analysis algorithms, and metadata from contextual information, in order to complete the metadata dictionary of the ISO 22311/IEC 79 standard, which aims to provide a common format to export data extracted from video surveillance systems. The experiments performed using the framework developed in this thesis showed the reliability of our approach in a real case and enabled the validation of our proposals
Echchakoui, Said. "Conception du système de contrôle de la force de vente dans une perspective relationnelle validation contextuelle." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/373.
Full textBillet-Coat, Sophie. "Apports à l'acquisition interactive de connaissances contextuelles : SAPIENS, un système pour la translittération de textes hiéroglyphiques." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20213.
Full textChtourou, Ameni. "Contextual communication for intelligent transportation systems in hybrid networks." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG116.
Full textAn important role of C-ITS is to extend perception of individual road users so that traffic accidents are avoided. Such an extended perception is built by information exchange among vehicles, pedestrians, and infrastructure using different types of messages including cooperative awareness message (CAM) and Collective Perception Message (CPM). While data carried by these messages are critical, they are resource-consuming. Currently, CAMs and CPMs are broadcasted periodically with a minimum frequency of 1Hz. In addition, their frequencies can be adapted based on vehicle dynamics (speed, acceleration,...) and further with wireless channel condition when a distributed congestion control (DCC) functionality is enabled. However, it might be vital for a vehicle to transmit its beacons at a high rate in critical areas, such as intersections, even if this may result in higher channel busy ratio (CBR). On the contrary, vehicles with a low risk of collision may reduce their transmission frequency to avoid unnecessary load on the channel. Hence, dissemination of such messages must be made in an efficient way so that road safety application requirement is ensured and resource utilization is optimized.This requires the communication be context-aware, being able to control communication parameters by taking into account application requirements, availability of communication technologies and radio resources as well as environmental condition (road layout, traffic density, presence of roadside infrastructure, and etc.). Hence, establishing contexts that characterize environmental and non-environmental collected information is a key challenge for context-aware communication.The thesis targets at studying and developing context aware communication for road safety applications. The main goal is to design algorithms that are able to optimize V2X communication based on a recognition of the contexts particularly radio resource availability, environmental condition and application requirements. The work consists of two phases. In the first phase, we present context aware communication architecture and study/model contexts in terms of application requirement (context1) and environmental context (context2). The first context aims to define application requirement and evaluate performances of Cooperative Awareness Service strategies against requirements. Environmental context consists on infrastructure availability allowing I2V communication that may replace V2V communication in that local area resulting in improved collective perception and reduced channel load thanks to its larger communication coverage and sensor field of view. The second phase intends to design and develop algorithms that control/select message data contents taking into account contexts previously modeled while ensuring a high level of collective perception/awareness
Chamsi, Abu Quba Rana. "On enhancing recommender systems by utilizing general social networks combined with users goals and contextual awareness." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10061/document.
Full textWe are surrounded by decisions to take, what book to read next? What film to watch this night and in the week-end? As the number of items became tremendous the use of recommendation systems became essential in daily life. At the same time social network become indispensable in people’s daily lives; people from different countries and age groups use them on a daily basis. While people are spending time on social networks, they are leaving valuable information about them attracting researchers’ attention. Recommendation is one domain that has been affected by the social networks widespread; the result is the social recommenders’ studies. However, in the literature we’ve found that most of the social recommenders were evaluated over Epinions, flixter and other type of domains based recommender social networks, which are composed of (users, items, ratings and relations). The proposed solutions can’t be extended directly to General Purpose Social Networks (GPSN) like Facebook and Twitter which are open social networks where users can do a variety of useful actions that can be useful for recommendation, but as they can’t rate items, these information are not possible to be used in recommender systems! Moreover, evaluations are based on the known metrics like MAE, and RMSE. This can’t guarantee the satisfaction of users, neither the good quality of recommendation
Barros, de Sales André. "Gestion de bout en bout de la qualité des services distribués : surveillance et sélection par une approche Modelware." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30075.
Full textOur work contributes to offer a selection of published services in distributed systems based on monitored quality management information. From an informational approach, we had the means to model the influence of Systems and Networks so as to automate their management (identification of dependencies, automatic deduction of change of state etc. ). Our informational model driven architecture (Modelware) led us to specify a designing method for management applications, expressing a double independency: one in regard to specific managed domains and another in relation to management platforms. The integrated and contextual monitoring of service was linked to an "advanced selection of service" thus offering a real-time instrumentation of Quality of Service - QoS parameters. Our solution was tested for a CORBA environment, emphasizing our "Modelware" solution's specification steps towards a specific environment to be managed. This QoS information was added to the services published in the CORBA Trader service
Bouneffouf, Djallel. "DRARS, A Dynamic Risk-Aware Recommender System." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01026136.
Full textRamu, Jean-Philippe. "Efficience d'une documentation opérationnelle contextuelle sur la performance des pilotes de transport aérien." Toulouse, ISAE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ESAE0020.
Full textRavet, Alexandre. "Introducing contextual awareness within the state estimation process : Bayes filters with context-dependent time-heterogeneous distributions." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAT0045/document.
Full textPrevalent approaches for endowing robots with autonomous navigation capabilities require the estimation of a system state representation based on sensor noisy information. This system state usually depicts a set of dynamic variables such as the position, velocity and orientation required for the robot to achieve a task. In robotics, and in many other contexts, research efforts on state estimation converged towards the popular Bayes filter. The primary reason for the success of Bayes filtering is its simplicity, from the mathematical tools required by the recursive filtering equations, to the light and intuitive system representation provided by the underlying Hidden Markov Model. Recursive filtering also provides the most common and reliable method for real-time state estimation thanks to its computational efficiency. To keep low computational complexity, but also because real physical systems are not perfectly understood, and hence never faithfully represented by a model, Bayes filters usually rely on a minimum system state representation. Any unmodeled or unknown aspect of the system is then encompassed within additional noise terms. On the other hand, autonomous navigation requires robustness and adaptation capabilities regarding changing environments. This creates the need for introducing contextual awareness within the filtering process. In this thesis, we specifically focus on enhancing state estimation models for dealing with context-dependent sensor performance alterations. The issue is then to establish a practical balance between computational complexity and realistic modelling of the system through the introduction of contextual information. We investigate on achieving this balance by extending the classical Bayes filter in order to compensate for the optimistic assumptions made by modeling the system through time-homogeneous distributions, while still benefiting from the recursive filtering computational efficiency. Based on raw data provided by a set of sensors and any relevant information, we start by introducing a new context variable, while never trying to characterize a concrete context typology. Within the Bayesian framework, machine learning techniques are then used in order to automatically define a context-dependent time-heterogeneous observation distribution by introducing two additional models: a model providing observation noise predictions and a model providing observation selection rules.The investigation also concerns the impact of the training method we choose. In the context of Bayesian filtering, the model we exploit is usually trained in the generative manner. Thus, optimal parameters are those that allow the model to explain at best the data observed in the training set. On the other hand, discriminative training can implicitly help in compensating for mismodeled aspects of the system, by optimizing the model parameters with respect to the ultimate system performance, the estimate accuracy. Going deeper in the discussion, we also analyse how the training method changes the meaning of the model, and how we can properly exploit this property. Throughout the manuscript, results obtained with simulated and representative real data are presented and analysed
Berri, Jawad Abdelfettah. "Contribution à la méthode d'exploration contextuelle : applications au résumé automatique et aux représentations temporelles réalisation informatique du système SERAPHIN." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040041.
Full textPetit, Mathieu. "Approche spatiale pour la caractérisation du contexte d'exécution d'un système d'information ubiquitaire." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00511919.
Full textNicol, Olivier. "Data-driven evaluation of contextual bandit algorithms and applications to dynamic recommendation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10211/document.
Full textThe context of this thesis work is dynamic recommendation. Recommendation is the action, for an intelligent system, to supply a user of an application with personalized content so as to enhance what is refered to as "user experience" e.g. recommending a product on a merchant website or even an article on a blog. Recommendation is considered dynamic when the content to recommend or user tastes evolve rapidly e.g. news recommendation. Many applications that are of interest to us generates a tremendous amount of data through the millions of online users they have. Nevertheless, using this data to evaluate a new recommendation technique or even compare two dynamic recommendation algorithms is far from trivial. This is the problem we consider here. Some approaches have already been proposed. Nonetheless they were not studied very thoroughly both from a theoretical point of view (unquantified bias, loose convergence bounds...) and from an empirical one (experiments on private data only). In this work we start by filling many blanks within the theoretical analysis. Then we comment on the result of an experiment of unprecedented scale in this area: a public challenge we organized. This challenge along with a some complementary experiments revealed a unexpected source of a huge bias: time acceleration. The rest of this work tackles this issue. We show that a bootstrap-based approach allows to significantly reduce this bias and more importantly to control it
Hermosillo, Gabriel. "Towards Creating Context-Aware Dynamically-Adaptable Business Processes Using Complex Event Processing." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00709303.
Full textPéroumalnaïk, Mathias. "Etude contextuelle d'un système de classeurs de type Pittsburgh adapté dans le cadre de la prévention des risques cycloniques dans la Caraïbe." Antilles-Guyane, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AGUY0387.
Full textThis study is carried out in the framework of an Interreg IIlb project (European and regional funds): "Forecast of the trajectories, of evolution of the dynamic potential and the impact of hurricanes at the scale of the islands of the Caribbean. ". The objective of that Ph. D thesis is to study the use of a leaming system, the Adapted Pittsburgh Classifier System (APCS), in order to perform a prediction of the impact of the winds related to a cyclonic phenomenon at the Caribbean islands level, and more particulary for the territory we selected to perform this study: the island of Guadeloupe. Our design of the impact of a hurricane was developped in relation to the physical and statistical data that was provided. Due to this data, we had to model hurricanes as ponctual phenomenons, contrary to what they are in reality: continuous phenomenons. Nevertheless, in arder to take in account each possible case of use, we studied the performances and the behavior of APCS on both classification and multi-step problems (reintroduction of the prediction in the cognitive chain). Our measures and experiments allowed us to bring some major improvements to this particular cognitive system, in each case of learning problem previously proposee. We conclude our study by a presentation of the work carried out within a geographic information systems in order to collect the data and to perform and visualize the final prediction. A prototype of the final PREVIOS platform is availale online at the following adress : http://murene. Univ-aq. Fr:8008/
Salhi, Yakoub. "Structures multi-contextuelles et logiques modales intuititionnistes et hybrides." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10087/document.
Full textIn computer science, formal logics are central for studying the representation and the treatment of knowledge. Indeed, they are widely used for modeling and verifying computer systems and their properties and also for formalizing different kinds of reasoning. In this context there exist many non-classical logics and among them modal logics play a key role. As classical modal logics have been deeply studied, we focus in this thesis on the intuitionistic modal logics and also on fuzzy hybrid logics by studying some important questions mainly from the viewpoint of proof theory . We define for these logics new proof systems, following natural deduction and sequent calculus formalisms, that are based on new multi-contextual structures generalizing the standard sequent structure
Ben, Ali Boutheina. "Méthode automatique d’annotations sémantiques et indexation de documents textuels pour l’extraction d’objets pédagogiques." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040008.
Full textContent analysis is a need for access and use of information especially in the field of didactics. We propose a system SRIDOP of semantic annotations and indexing of learning objects from these annotations, based on the Contextual Exploration method, that associate annotation of a segment to a linguistic identifier of a concept, taking into account contextual clues managed by rules. SRIDOP is composed of four consecutive modules: (1) Automatic segmentation of documents into paragraphs and sentences; (2) annotation from different points of view of search (eg identification of definitions, examples, exercises, etc..) based on a linguistic ontology of concepts associated with a point of view of search (semantic map) and linguistic resources (indicators of concepts, linguistic clues and contextual exploration rules); (3) extraction of learning objects, (4) establishment of learning sheets exploitable by users. SRIDOP is evaluated and compared to other systems
Aljnidi, Mohamad. "Vers un système d'administration de la sécurité pour les réseaux autonomes." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00570696.
Full textNicaud, Lydia. "Le raisonnement caricatural : un guide pour le raisonnement dans un système question-réponse en langage naturel." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112075.
Full textQuestion answering systems in natural language, using a lot of production rules, have some difficulties to choice the relevant rules, to determine the goal to reach, without inducing combinatory explosion. This thesis proposes a reasoning strategy which works upon rude knowledge, in order to blaze trails and to provide a guiding for a natural language reasoned. This strategy is also able to pick up a few number of relevant rules, and to select relevant goals
Pinzari, Ana. "Pré-indexation vidéo à l'acquisition, de l'ontologie à l'architecture embarquée." Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2011.
Full textIn this thesis we present our research work accomplished in the frame of the MediaMap project. This project has two concurrent objectives concerning the video content : to increase its value for exploration and to perform its early qualification for further processing. Thus, the introduction of a semantic camera of a new generation becomes a fundamental step towards these objectives. The capability to automatically analyze the video content by a video recording device has several advantages, among which the most important are the enhancement of the video content with meta-data and the assistance provided to the amateur in producing video contents of a superior editing quality. Moreover, the functions enabling simultaneously to index and verify the quality of recorded sequences can be directly integrated in the video recording device. In order to achieve this objective, efficient video capture assistance tools need to embedded in the camera, so that the amateur can create high quality content following the guidelines of the integrated scenarios, and qualify the content using the embedded video analysis functions. Even more, the codified and refined scenarios can be further used by profession also in the context search for editing and distribution. The evaluation of the video quality during the recording phase is a challenging problem because it requires a real-time execution of several complex image processing algorithms, in the context of limited hardware resources. In this work we present a range of image processing algorithms that are essential to the semantic video verification and show how their implementation can be optimized in the dynamic execution
Bouhafs, Asma. "Utilisation de la méthode d'exploration contextuelle pour une extraction d'informations sur le web dédiées à la veille : réalisation du système informatique JavaVeille." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040018.
Full textIn order to propose to the user an information extraction system for an objective of assistance to competitive intelligence, we developed a method based on general concepts, such as the , , the , etc. Linguistic knowledge is used to emphasize textual extracts introducing Competitive Intelligence information which tries to describe a relation between agents: “who met who?”, “actors of a transaction or a negotiation, or a co-operation or a conflict?” The method, developed from a corpus of newspapers articles dealing with political, social and economical subjects, firstly identifies the named entities (people, companies, places, time, etc. ) by using an approach, which relies at the same time on the structure of the named entities, the dictionaries, and the context. Secondly, the annotation of the relations and concepts evoked in the documents are based on contextual exploration. The study of the corpus has enabled us to identify ten concepts. This method can be used on various fields, and is adapted for the analysis of documents dealing with new subjects. Our study led to the development of the JavaVeille system developed with the Java language and rests on more than 750 linguistic indicators and 85 rules of contextual exploration. JavaVeille makes it possible to facilitate the extraction of the relations and the required concepts by using XML technology. It also proposes a graph representative of the extracts located during the analysis of the document. The principal user of the JavaVeille system is the expert in competitive intelligence, who can consult the informative content of a database without formulating any request
Ben, Hazez Slim. "Un modèle d'exploration contextuelle du contenu des documents textuels : conception et réalisation d'un système informatique SEMANTEXT de filtrage et de structuration des textes." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040088.
Full textThis work outlines the development of technical means to research textual data from several point of view. In this framework, we propose a model with three levels of contextual exploration of content of textual documents. This models aims to describe linguistic data and textual operations which are dedicated to several extracting and labelling tasks of textual objects. The first level is a linguistic pattern matching language. The second one puts forward an algebra of describing expressions of contextual text searching. The last one is a language of contextual exploration rules. These components provide means to describe several linguistic and textual shallow regularities and to specify operations of contextual text searching. These components are the kermel of SEMAN'TEXT. The architecture of semantext permits the development and the interaction of several extracting tasks through a dynamic text model (represented by a decorated graph). This work relies on my first study acquired in the framework of the design of CONTEXTO
Gutowski, Nicolas. "Recommandation contextuelle de services : application à la recommandation d'évènements culturels dans la ville intelligente." Thesis, Angers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANGE0030.
Full textNowadays, Multi-Armed Bandit algorithms for context-aware recommendation systems are extensively studied. In order to meet challenges underlying this field of research, our works and contributions have been organised according to three research directions : 1) recommendation systems ; 2) Multi-Armed Bandit (MAB) and Contextual Multi-Armed Bandit algorithms (CMAB) ; 3) context.The first part of our contributions focuses on MAB and CMAB algorithms for recommendation. It particularly addresses diversification of recommendations for improving individual accuracy. The second part is focused on contextacquisition, on context reasoning for cultural events recommendation systems for Smart Cities, and on dynamic context enrichment for CMAB algorithms
Ben, Mosbah Aziza. "Context-aware mechanisms for device discovery optimization." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TELE0018.
Full textResearch in communication networks aims to improve the capabilities and performance of network technologies, and to satisfy the ever increasing demand for instant information access and exchange. For example, work on Fifth Generation (5G) Wireless Systems aims to increase data rates and spectral efficiency while lowering latency and energy consumption. Within this context, proximity-based networking is being considered in order to improve the data sharing between nearby devices, regardless of the availability of additional infrastructure. An integral component of these solutions is the ability to quickly detect (or discover) other systems in the vicinity. While system and service discovery has been a concept used in networks for some time, its adoption by wireless networks has increased the importance and relevance of this type of mechanisms. Therefore, the goal of this thesis is to optimize the performance of the discovery process by using context-aware mechanisms. First, we start by an introductory description of the challenges faced by network users and how current solutions (i.e. Long Term Evolution (LTE)) are unable to cover their needs. Second, we present the architecture we will use to evaluate our proposals, namely the device-to-device (D2D) architecture defined by the Third-Generation Partnership Program (3GPP) for use in LTE networks, with an emphasis on the description of the discovery process as defined in the standard specifications. Then, we present an analytical study, along with an implementation model to test and validate the performance of direct discovery. Building upon that analysis, we propose an adaptive transmission algorithm that optimizes the discovery process for static topologies. This contribution is used as the foundation for extended and enhanced algorithms targeting scenarios where the availability of historic data allows for predicting user density fluctuations, and fully dynamic situations without external infrastructure or support, showing how context-aware mechanisms can provide almost optimal performance. All these contributions and analysis are supported and validated by simulation models and experiments that showcase the importance and correctness of our proposals in the optimization of the performance and reliability in D2D direct discovery