Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Systèmes composites'
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Sylla, Boubacar. "Phonons dans les systèmes composites." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10057.
Full textDroulas, Jean-Luc. "Chimie interfaciale des systèmes métal - polymère." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10082.
Full textSerrano, Léonard. "Systèmes époxyde : cuisson hors autoclave et basse température." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30007/document.
Full textThe main issues concerning composite part manufacturing (cost, manufacturing time, mechanical performances, etc.) are closely linked to the means of curing, mainly autoclaves; which do not only generate very high installation and maintenance costs, but also limit production rates because of the length of the cycles. In order to reduce this dependence, non-autoclave manufacturing processes have been envisaged (Quickstep, Roctool, VARTM, VBO ...) therefore leading to modifications in the design of the materials intended for these processes (including kinetics, rheology, fiber impregnation methods). In order to limit the changes in terms of manufacturing process, raw materials, environment products and implementation conditions, this study is based on the Vacuum Bag Only process. Several semi-product developments in recent years have made it possible to increase the robustness of this manufacturing process, thereby overcoming the lack of external pressure during an oven cure. However, the viability of these products in relation to their implementation still needs to be demonstrated, as well as the understanding of the air removal mechanisms and the estimation of the achievable mechanical properties compared to their autoclave counterpart
Arnautu, Monica. "Systèmes polymères multiphasés obtenus par polymérisation hétérogène avec inversion de phase." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20076.
Full textHivet, Gilles. "Modélisation mésoscopique pour le comportement bi-axial et la mise en forme des renforts de composites tissés." Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE2036.
Full textToumi, Jihene. "Développement de systèmes polymères fonctionnels et caractérisation de leur résistivité électrique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25504.
Full textNowadays, the use of composites increases with the progress of research. From this context, this work has been prepared for the master project. The project objectives are addressing two issues that affect the determination and the improvement of the electrical resistivity of polymer blends. The first part focuses on the features of the fluorescence in the field of polymers. The carbon black is acting as quencher; it causes the decrease of the fluorescence intensity of the anthracene to turn it off completely for a percentage of 1% in the films and 4x10-3 mol/L of chloroform solution. The second part studies the effect of a thermoplastic elastomer, on the electrical resistivity of the composite polyvinylidene fluoride /polyethylene terephthalate/ carbon black/graphite. It was observed that the electrical resistivity of the blends decreases with increasing carbon black concentration and the addition of 5% and 7.5% of the elastomer.
Mercier, Sylvie. "Réactivité interfaciale de systèmes aluminium-fibres de carbone et aluminium-fibres céramique." Mulhouse, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MULH0303.
Full textNguyen, Anh vu. "Matériaux composites à renfort végétal pour l'amélioration des performances de systèmes robotiques." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22606/document.
Full textImprovement of the robot’s performances is a major challenge in the industrial field. In general, improvement objectives are increasing workspace, transportable capacity, speed and precision of the robot. To achieve these objectives, it must increase rigidity, reduce weight and increase damping capacity of the robot. Currently, the robots are generally made of metals: aluminum or steel, which limits their performances due to low damping capacity of these materials.Composite materials present an advantage to combine different materials, which leads to a variety of composite material properties. Among the types of reinforcements, carbon fibers show high modulus that enables robotic parts with high static rigidities to be designed. However, carbon fibers have generally a low damping capacity. Natural fibers have low density, good specific properties and high damping capacity.This thesis focuses on the improvement of the performances of the 3CRS parallel robot by using the composite material to redesign robot parts initially made of aluminum. The thesis begins with static and dynamic characterizations of the original robot. Then, the shape of segments of the robotic arms is optimized with respect to applying force on the robot. A hybrid laminated composite reinforced with carbon fibers and flax fibers is proposed for the use. This combination enables to combine the advantages of two fiber types in a composite for using in high loaded components. The structure of the new hybrid laminated composite is optimized and a composite segment is then fabricated in order to validate the design. Finally, the analysis of the new robot with composite arms is executed. The result shows that the new robot has a slightly higher rigidity, lighter mass and considerably greater damping capacity in comparison with the original robot. Therefore, the application of the hybrid composite could improve the static and dynamic performances and increases considerably the accuracy in operation of the robot 3CRS
Mangin-Brinet, Mariane. "Description relativiste des systèmes composites simples par la dynamique du front de lumière." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077098.
Full textLin, Qing. "Développement de systèmes retardateurs de flamme pour matériaux composites thermoplastiques à fibres continues." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0118.
Full textThe present demand of polymer-matrix composite materials in the transport market is significantly increasing, to replace the work-pieces actually manufactured in metal alloys, the polymer-matrix composite being lighter and more performant. Thermoset composites are currently and widely used however this kind of composites presents a severe drawback due to their non- recyclable character. One of the objectives of the “Résines idéales” project and of this thesis is to develop new composites made from thermoplastic matrix, endowed with similar properties. Among them, the fire behavior is a major challenge and the aim of this work is to develop new flame retardant systems for thermoplastics composites reinforced with continuous fibers. Firstly, we have performed a screening of potentially effective phosphorus flame retardants. Also, we have studied the influence of the reinforcement taffetas on the thermal stability and fire behavior. For that, various tests have been performed such as cone calorimeter, LOI and UL-94. Then, to improve the fire behavior and particularly to satisfy the aeronautical fire standards (the most challenging), we have studied binary and ternary mixtures of flame retardants constituted by the selected phosphorus flame retardant and other additives: alumina, aluminum hydroxide (ATH), expanded graphite and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxy-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO). In each case, the thermal stability and fire behavior have been characterized and discussed
Michalak, Franck. "Étude d'électrodes composites polymères/oxydes colloidaux : application aux systèmes électrochromes sur supports souples." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0091.
Full textBordes, Perrine. "Nano-biocomposites : études de systèmes structurés à base de polyhydroxyalcanoates et montmorillonites." Strasbourg 1, 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/BORDES_Perrine_2007.pdf.
Full textPolyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable and biocompatible polyesters produced from renewable resources by bacterial fermentation. These biopolymers are stiff and highly crystalline. Nevertheless, they are not fully competitive compared to conventional polymers since they exhibit brittleness and poor thermal stability. Therefore, to improve their properties, PHA-based nano-biocomposites were prepared by adding nano-sized fillers such as montmorillonites (a clay layered silicate). The process-structure-properties relationships have been investigated. They have shown that the polymer-clay affinity, the filler content and the elaboration route (solvent vs. Melt intercalation) are key factors for elaboration of these nanostructured materials. Moreover, a specific study evidenced that organomodifiers used as polymer-clay compatibilizers and, in a less extent, the fermentation residues affect the thermal and thermo-mechanical PHAs stability. Different approaches (biopolyester grafting on the clay surface, masterbatch route, ) were thus considered to limit the matrix degradation, but also to improve the clay nanodispersion and the polymer-clay affinity. This work has revealed that melt mixing of less than 3 wt% of Cloisite®30B with PHA leads to better results in terms of limited degradation, clay dispersion and thus properties of the final material
Comte, Florence. "Etude des problèmes d'adhérence de systèmes verre-émail-primaire-adhésif et applications industrielles." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10064.
Full textLaurent, Véronique. "Mouillabilité et réactivité dans les systèmes composites métal/céramique : étude du couple Al/SiC." Grenoble INPG, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPG0115.
Full textLeroy, Eric. "Etude et modélisation des propriétés de systèmes réactifs thermodurcissables en cours de réticulation pour la simulation du procédé RTM." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2000ISAL0076/these.pdf.
Full textThe goal of the thesis is to develop studying and characterization methods allowing to modelize the evolution of the behavior of thermosetting polymers, during the Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process. The first part gives a global description of the process and the actual knowledge in modelization. It points out the need for a precise modeling of the kinetic and chemorheological behavior of the thermoset used. Then the work done in these two fields 1s presented and illustrated by the characterization of a dicyanate-ester / glass fiber model composite system. The second part focuses on cure kinetics modeling and leads with developing calorimetric characterization methods which appear to be an important step between the knowledge in thermoset chemistry and the modeling of RTM process. Finally, the third part gathers the works done in the fields of flow and rheology. It concerns the characterization of reinforcement permeability, study of chemo-rheology and in situ monitoring of rheological properties by dielectric spectroscopy
Frada, Jean-Michel. "Contribution à l'étude des multimatériaux acier-polymère-acier : caractérisation chimique et structurale des interphases dans des systèmes métal-oxyde-polymère." Nancy 1, 1992. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1992_0408_FRADA.pdf.
Full textChailleux, Emmanuel. "Suivi en multidétection in situ des processus de polymérisation des systèmes époxydes pour matériaux composites." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ECDL0013.
Full textFibre reinforced plastics offer high specific mechanical properties (performance vs. Weight ratio). Thus during the last decade, they have been increasingly used as components in engineering structures and particularly for aeronautical applications. Ageing, load-transfer, and off-axes behaviour of composites are directly dominated by the viscoelastic matrix properties linked to cure process. So, there is a growing need for sensors which provide real-time, in situ monitoring of the manufacturing process. This study proposes to follow the cure mechanism of an epoxy-amine resin using simultaneously three sensors embedded in the material. The fibre-optic sensor is based on the measurement of angular distribution of light transmitted through an optical fibre inside the cured polymer. The original siloxane cladding is removed from the central part of the fibre. Then a sample of curing epoxy is placed around the stripped region. It is thus possible to monitor the refractive index variation of the polymer. Frequency dependant dielectric measurements provide a sensitive in situ sensor able to access to the electrical conductivity and complex permitivity of the surrounding medium. The conductivity parameter related to the ionic mobibity is linked to the polymerisation advancement. The ultrasonic waves are generally used for global characterisation of mechanical properties. For in situ applications, a peizoelectric implant is embedded in the structure during its processing and the rheological properties of such a material-system can be monitored. The parameters, determined simultaneously with these three techniques, allow to understand the different steps of the epoxy cure regarding molecular motion, viscosity, density and their consequences on the mechanical properties of the material
Diebold, Morgane. "Systèmes composites organogélateurs/polymères semi-conducteurs : de la preuve conceptuelle aux matériaux nanostructurés pour l'électronique plastique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAE002.
Full textImproving the performances of organic photovoltaic devices requires morphology control of the active layers. Highly nanostructured donor-acceptor bulk heterojunctions were prepared by heterogeneous nucleation of poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT, donor) on naphthalene diimide organogelators fibers (NDI, acceptor). The first part of this work was dedicated to the self-assembly of NDI-core organogelators substituted by amide groups and trialkoxyphenyls dendrons. We evaluated the influence of the flexible chain between the naphthalene core and the amide groups (2 C-C bonds for NDI2 and 4 for NDI4) on the physico-chemical properties of the organogelators.The second part of this work focused on the polymorphism of NDI2 with identification of four different polymorphs with their optical, spectroscopic and structural signatures. A phase diagram of NDI2 in the solid state was determined. The last part of this manuscript concerns the fabrication of donor-acceptor nano-composites between NDI organogelators and P3HT. The formation process in solution of these nano-composites was analyzed by following the crystallization kinetics of P3HT by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and the thin film morphology (shish-kebab structures) by transmission electron microscopy. The nucleating effect of various organogelators on P3HT was demonstrated. Solar cells were made from the composites P3HT:PCBM : organogelator and their energetic conversion yield was shown to be increased in the presence of organogelators
Lacoma, Vincent. "Évaluation environnementale des procédés composites pour l'analyse multicritère des systèmes de production : méthodologies, outils et applications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDN0020.
Full textIn the current context of environmental transition, this thesis aims to participate in the reduction of environmental impacts related manufacturing of composite parts, which has been a growing sector for several years. To this purpose,an environmental assessment methodology dedicated to composite manufacturing processes is fundamental to develop and evaluate strategies forreducing environmental impacts. To be applicable in the industry, these strategies must respect the technical and economic imperatives of companies.To carry out environmental assessments, the standardized Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method can be used. However, the general nature of this approach leaves latitudes on its application which have not been yet the subject of a scientific consensus in the case of composite manufacturing.Thus, our work proposes details for each step of the LCA method to build a model of the environmental impacts of the manufacturing process which depend on its parameters, such as the forming temperatures and the consolidation efforts. A similar approach is also developed for the evaluation of economic indicators based on the same parameters. Finally, multi-criteria decision-making tools are offered to find solutions to the objective of reducing environmental impacts and manufacturing costs while ensuringc ompliance with the technical specifications of the parts produced. In this thesis, the case of thermostamping of polyphenylene sulfide reinforced with carbon fibres (C/PPS) parts is studied to support the construction and presentation of the proposed methodologies
Amblard, Gilles. "Méthodologie de sélections de colorants pour microlithographie : application aux systèmes bicouches PMMA et PMGI." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20204.
Full textPierre, Christophe. "Etude de systèmes solides multiphasés issus de la valorisation énergétique de déchets urbains." Toulon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUL0011.
Full textL'étude comporte cinq parties : l)La caractérisation des résidus met en évidence l'existence de trois fractions distinctes selon leur solubilité : une fraction composée de chlorures et d'hydroxydes, une autre composée de carbonate et de sulfate de calcium, une autre composée de silice, de silicates et silico-alumînates de calcium, cristallisés et/ou amorphes. 2)Comparaison de quatre échantillons après différents traitements des fumées. Par DRX, le carbonate de calcium est caractérisé. L'analyse des profils de raies de diffraction permet de classer ces résidus en reliant paramètre de distorsion et origine. 3) Analyse par MEB couplée à un analyseur X des échantillons. La morphologie est liée à l'histoire des échantillons. Des réactions solideNsolide et la diffusion d'éléments au sein de grains sont mises en évidence. 4)Etude à l'aide du MET. L'analyseur X couplé à la diffraction électronique permet d'identifier des phases cristallisées ou amorphes à l'échelle nanométrique. Des inclusions de métaux lourds cristallisés au sein de verres a base de silicates sont détectées. 5)La spectroscopie d'impédance complexe (SIC) est utilisée pour caractériser les mobilités ioniques et les réactions chimiques dans ces milieux multiphasés. Les variations de conductïviîé et d'énergie d'activation observées dans des domaines de température sont corrélées aux évolutions thermiques observées en ATD/TG. L'évolution chimique de composites résidus-polymère est étudiée. La SIC met en évidence une fraction critique de résidus au-delà de laquelle des évolutions néfastes sont attendues. La connectivité et la conductiviîé ionique globale du résidu, sensibles au taux d'hydratation, sont déterminées. L'étude de l'hydratation de ces composites montre l'importance de la fraction volumique en résidus pour laquelle il y a « percolation électrique » et amplification de la vitesse d'hydratation. L'élaboration de composites est une technique de stabilisation peu onéreuse et d'intérêt industriel
Sahnoune, Farid. "Relations structure - propriétés mécaniques dans des systèmes PEHD/PS et PEHD/CaCO3 modifiés par des agents élastomères : application au recyclage des matières plastiques." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20092.
Full textNguyen, Jean-François. "Nouveaux composites thermopolymérisés sous haute pression pour la CFAO." Paris 13, 2013. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/edgalilee_th_2013_nguyen.pdf.
Full textThe evolution of restorative materials has resulted in biomaterials with improved mechanical and optical properties, such as ceramics and composites, responding to increased aesthetic demand from patients. Furthermore, the emergence of CAD / CAM lead to improved consistency in quality and avoidance of laboratory associated errors and provides access to new materials. Ceramics have good mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility but are difficult to mill. Besides, they can not withstand plastic deformation, which leads to the risk of microfractures edges during milling, reoperation is difficult. Composites are easy to machine and can be easily repaired; however, their mechanical properties and biocompatibility are inferior to those of ceramics, because of their incomplete polymerization. The aim of this study was to obtain a process to produce a new class of dental composite blocs, suitable for CAD/CAM, by thermo-polymerisation at high pressure
Eberling-Fux, Nicolas. "Matériaux composites à matrice nanostructurée dans les systèmes Si-B-C-Ti et Si-B-C-N." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13235.
Full textOuerfelli, Tarek. "La segmentation des documents techniques composites dans une perspective d'indexation : vers la définition d'un modèle dans une optique d'automatisation." Grenoble 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE39009.
Full textFortier, Patrice. "Interaction chimique dans les composites à matrice métallique : systèmes Mg-C ; Al-C-Si ; Al-C-O-Si." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10052.
Full textColis, Silviu-Mihail. "Magnétisme, transport et structure des systèmes de type "spin-valve" utilisant comme couche magnétique dure un sandwich couplé antiferromagnétiquement à base d'iridium." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13103.
Full textGuillemenet, Jérôme. "Etude expérimentale de la mise en forme de systèmes acier-polymère-acier." Mulhouse, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MULH0626.
Full textGlipa, Xavier. "Conduction protonique dans les systèmes minéraux et polymères. Propriétés du polybenzimidazole sulfoné." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20256.
Full textGatouillat, Sébastien. "Approche mésoscopique pour la mise en forme des renforts tissés de composites." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0121/these.pdf.
Full textWoven reinforcements forming simulation allows studying feasibility conditions of such processes limiting experimental tests and therefore development costs. Simulation allows accessing to information such as fibre positions after forming and their deformation state as well as predicting the onset of defects (wrinkles, yarns sliding, fibre/yarn fracture). The definition of the fabric mechanical behaviour necessary for these simulations can be done at different scales. Today only the macroscopic scale allows simulations of forming processes. Models at lower scales then allow to define the macroscopic behaviour of reinforcement from the assembly of their elementary components. The meso/macro (or micro/macro) transition is accompanied by an information loss due to the transition from a discrete description to a continuous one. The proposed model consist in a mesoscopic description of the reinforcement allowing the simulation of forming processes at the macroscopic scale. This is possible thanks to a simplification of the description by using shell elements. A hypoelastic behaviour specific of the yarn is then considered. In particular, fibre direction is strictly tracked and a non linear elastic behaviour is defined, allowing the consideration of the transverse compaction of the yarn. Identification and validation of the model are done using classical characterisation tests. In addition to a good description of the shearing behaviour of fabrics, the model allows the prediction of wrinkles and yarns sliding. Forming simulations illustrate these capabilities
Poncet, Mélissa. "Effet de l'incorporation de systèmes hybrides sur les propriétés mécaniques de matériaux composites à matrice époxyvinylester et polyester insaturé." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENMP0025/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the development of a thermosetting matrix composite incorporating nanoscale reinforcements and/or an elatomeric phase to improve its stiffness, damping and resilience.To do so, we made formulations based on epoxy vinyl ester matrices, filled or not by an elastomeric phase, and reinforced with montmorillonite or sepiolite. Their viscoelastic properties were studied usingexperimental modal analysis and their impact properties were investigated using drop weight impacttesting. The microstructure of these composites was examined using X-ray diffraction and electronmicroscopy observations.Homogenization models based on H ALPIN -T SAI model and adapted to the studied composites were developed to provide a tool able to explicitly link the stiffness of the material to its morphology.A detailed parametric analysis allowed to determine the most influential morphological characteristics and to assess the efficiency of the process regarding the mechanical stiffening obtained.Experimentally, the incorporation of montmorillonite or sepiolite led to a significant increase in the elastic modulus and, with the presence of an elastomeric phase in the resin, the damping was doubled and the resilience was increased.Finally, the most efficient formulations were used to manufacture glass fibers reinforced composites.The improvement in mechanical properties was found, to a lesser extent, for the manufactured prototypes.The relevance of the use of these materials on an industrial scale was evaluated
Möller, Gunnar. "Espaces dynamiques réduits en physique de la matière condensée :Systèmes à effet Hall bicouches, réduction dimensionnelle et systèmes de spins magnétiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00121765.
Full textOn introduit une classe générale d'états appariés de fermions composites. Ces fonctions d'onde sont exploitées pour analyser l'état fondamental des systèmes bicouches à effet Hall au facteur de remplissage total un. A partir d'une étude de Monte Carlo variationnel nous concluons que la transition de phase compressible à incompressible observée dans ce système est du deuxième ordre. Nous étudions également la question de l'existence d'un état apparié à demi-remplissage dans les simples couches. Ensuite nous considérons des schémas de réduction dimensionnelle de systèmes bidimensionnels sur la sphère vers des systèmes unidimensionnels sur le cercle. Un tel mapping est établi pour des systèmes libres et un candidat pour un système d'anyons généralisé est proposé. Finalement, nous analysons les systèmes de spins magnétiques sur réseaux bidimensionnels et discutons si un état de glace de spins peut exister en présence d'interactions dipolaires à longue portée.
Garcia, Emmanuel. "Approche expérimentale et corrélations dans les systèmes complexes : modes de broyages et réactivités du ciment alumineux fondu." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20110.
Full textLascoup, Bertrand. "Analyse et modélisation du comportement mécanique de structures composites sandwichs multi-D." Compiègne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005COMP1585.
Full textThe objective of this work is to apprehend the damaging modes of an original sandwich structure strengthened by stitches and to propose a predictive tool for the choice of the geometrical and material parameters. This objective requires both an experimental and a theoretical approach. The experimental part enables to determine the behavior of this type of structure under static and dynamic stresses. A R TM device was created in order to control the implementation parameters and to highlight the influence of the microstructure of the reinforcements. The analysis of the damage mechanisms highlights the influence of the geometrical parameters of stitches on the behavior of the structure. The problems resulting from the inter-laminar efforts are attenuated: the brittleness of the core/skin interface and delamination into the skins is reduced. The modelling part allows to represent the material behavior by using simple and adapted theories and seeks to predict the rigidity and the maximum stress in the three directions. A data-processing tool named SANDTEX brings a predictive tool to the industrial world
Le-Magda, Mélanie. "Influence du vieillissement sur le comportement des matériaux et des interfaces des systèmes mécatroniques." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUES010.
Full textMechatronic systems resultt from the tight integration of the electronic and mechanical components. Their used condeition is stringent (currents>200A), so failures can occur. This thesis is devoted to study two common mechatronic materials: epoxy matrix/glass fiber woven PCB FR4 (Printed circuit Boiard Flam Retardant 4) composite and PbSnAg alloy. Isothermal aging at 110°C is applied to PCB FR4 for over 8800 h. It mainly affects the epoxy, which has evolved in complex ways since 2800 h. This is reflected by the appearance of bimodal curves for C'', "out of phase" signal by TMDSC (Thermo-Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry) and for tan ð, the ratio between storage and loss modulus by DMA (Dynamic Mechanical Analysis). The oxidation of a certain volume fraction of the resin leading to the appearance of a new phase can be an explanation. The Young's modulus of thes two phases is modelised and combines the analysis of the aged epoxy with several models of the composite's behavior (rheological laws, Berthelot's model and mathematical law). Concerning the PbSnAg alloy, isothermal aging at 200°C for 7000 h is applied to the cast and soldered alloys. In the cast condition, formation, coalescence and fragmentation of Ag3Sn intemetallic compounds (IMCs) are observed but the tensile properties of the alloy are not affected. When the same alloy is soldered between two copper substrates coated with Ni and Ni-P layers, in addition to Ag3Sn, other IMCs based on Ni, P and Sn are also observed and grow during aging according to Fick's law. This microstructural evolution leads to a decrease of the mechanical properties of the solder when they are measured with the Arcan shear test
Charlon, Sébastien. "Elaboration et caractérisation de nouveaux systèmes nanocomposites à propriétés de transport contrôlées. Impact d'un nouveau procédé de mise en oeuvre." Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUES011.
Full textDuring the last decades, a waste-reduction program, specifically for plastic packaging, was promoted due to environmental drawbacks with the development of biodegradable polymers. However, barrier properties of these biodegradable materials must be often improved to be competitive with common polyolefins (PE, PP, PET, etc. ). In this objective, the incorporation of nanofillers using industrializable processes seems to be a promising approach. Indeed, the introduction of inorganic nanofillers like clays (montmorillonite) into a polymer matrix often increased barrier properties of the polymer matrix. In this study, composites were prepared from biodegradable matrices such as Poly(Putylene Succinate) (PBS) and Poly(Butylène Succinate-co-butylène Adipate) (PBSA) loaded with Cloisite Na+ or Cloisite 30B. An extrusion process was applied with the use of liquid water injection under high pressure and high temperature into thermo-moulding or extrusion-calandaring processes. Kinetic permeation revealed changes in barrier properties as function of the elaboration process or the polymer matrix used. These results were explained from structural charectirizations (DSC, XRD) and microscopy observations (TEM) in order to correlate barrier peoperties to the dispersion and exfoliationlevels of fillers into the polymer matrices, to the degrees of cristallinity and to the rigid amorphous fractions (RAF) of the bio-polymers
Yachir, Ali. "Composition dynamique de services sensibles au contexte dans les systèmes intelligents ambiants." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1053/document.
Full textWith the appearance of the paradigms of the ambient intelligence and ubiquitaire robotics, we attend the emergence of new ambient intelligent systems to create and manage environments or intelligent ecosystems in a intuitive and transparent way. These environments are intelligent spaces characterized in particular by the opening, the heterogeneousness, the uncertainty and the dynamicité of the entities which establish(constitute) them. These characteristics so lift(raise) considerable scientific challenges for the conception(design) and the implementation of an adequate intelligent system. These challenges are mainly among five: the abstraction of the representation of the heterogeneous entities, the management of the uncertainties, the reactivity in the events, the sensibility in the context and the auto-adaptation
Debout, Pierre. "Calcul de trajets de dépose de composite dans le cadre de la fabrication de pièces aéronautiques." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF22041.
Full textYachir, Ali. "Composition dynamique de services sensibles au contexte dans les systèmes intelligents ambiants." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1053.
Full textWith the appearance of the paradigms of the ambient intelligence and ubiquitaire robotics, we attend the emergence of new ambient intelligent systems to create and manage environments or intelligent ecosystems in a intuitive and transparent way. These environments are intelligent spaces characterized in particular by the opening, the heterogeneousness, the uncertainty and the dynamicité of the entities which establish(constitute) them. These characteristics so lift(raise) considerable scientific challenges for the conception(design) and the implementation of an adequate intelligent system. These challenges are mainly among five: the abstraction of the representation of the heterogeneous entities, the management of the uncertainties, the reactivity in the events, the sensibility in the context and the auto-adaptation
François, Arnaud. "MESURES DE BRUIT EN 1/f SUR DES COMPOSITES : POLYANILINE / POLYMETHACRYLATE DE METHYLE." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005342.
Full textAl, Tahan Rana. "Formulation de systèmes mixtes alumine/kaolin : Application à l'élaboration de matériaux multicouches par co-pressage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LIMO0072.
Full textMultilayer ceramic architectures generally exhibit improved mechanical properties in regards with individual monolithic constituents. In alumina-based materials, addition of kaolin can advantageously promote i) mullite crystallisation and ii) internal residual stresses by monitoring thermal expansion mismatch between layers. From powders prepared by freeze granulation whose formulations contain a reduce amount of organic additives, alumina/mullite composites shaped by uniaxial pressing have been developed and characterized. Two different kaolins are used in this study, with different characteristics in terms of crystallinity, grain shape, layering and basal/lateral face ratio. The originality of this work consisted in studying in detail the dispersion mechanisms of kaolinite suspensions in aqueous media by acoustophoresis, and in highlighting the relationship between kaolinite's electrokinetic properties, physicochemical characteristics and thermal pretreatment between 200 and 800°C. The sintering properties of mixed alumina/kaolinite formulations were studied as a function of kaolinite crystallinity and content (0-25%vol). This thesis studies the integrated chain of a ceramic process, starting with the selection of kaolinite as a raw material (acoustophoresis, MAS NMR), its crystallochemical transformation into mullite (thermal analyses, dilatometry) and its incorporation into an alumina matrix for an original architecture of multilayer materials with modified properties of toughness and fracture resistance. The multi-layer materials developed show good interfacial adhesion despite the presence of a porous zone close to the layer interface. Compared to the monolithic materials, the most efficient multilayer configurations exhibit a failure stress improved by 30%
Salvo, Luc. "Comportement au durcissement structural de matériaux composites à matrice aluminium renforcée de particules céramiques : cas des systèmes 6061/SIC et 6061/Al2O3." Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPG0064.
Full textSaint, Juliette. "Matériaux d'électrode négative pour accumulateurs à ions lithium : étude des systèmes binaires Li-Ga et Li-B et des composites silicium-carbone." Amiens, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AMIE0530.
Full textRusso, Florence. "Matériaux multicaloriques : Application à de nouveaux systèmes de refroidissement." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0097/document.
Full textThe cooling sector is in constant expansion, the current system is based on the compression/decompression of fluids. In front of environmental and economic problems of this system (nature of frigorigen fluids and their recycling, noise and vibration issues, restrictive regulations), new alternative technological solutions emerge. Thus this thesis provides new cooling systems based on the magnetocaloric and electrocaloric effects respectively present in thin films of fluoropolymer and composites with polymer matrix and magnetocaloric loads. Through physicochemical, electrical, electrocaloric and magnetocaloric characterizations, this work intends to identify the origin of electrocaloric effect in thin terpolymer films P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) which is a ferroelectric relaxor, but also to study the influence of the magnetocaloric particles La(Fe,Si)H dispersion in a polymer matrix of poly(propylene) on the magnetocaloric phenomenon. In addition, as part of this thesis, a direct measurement device of the electrocaloric effect was developed with Dr. Basso from the INRIM of Turin. The comparison with the indirect measurement method comes up with this phenomenon from a thermodynamic point of view to take stock of the validity of thermodynamic assumptions used in the case of a ferroelectric polymer relaxor
Menny, Ould Abderrahim Elbah. "Étude des proprietes magnétiques de quelques systèmes fortement correlés." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10395.
Full textBadel, Pierre. "Analyse mésoscopique du comportement mécanique des renforts tissés de composites utilisant la tomographie aux rayons X." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0085/these.pdf.
Full textThe preforming stage of the RTM composite manufacturing process leads to fibrous reinforcement deformations which may be very large especially for double curvature shapes. The knowledge of the mechanical behavior of the reinforcements and their mesoscopic deformed geometry is necessary for various applications. A simulation method for woven composite fabric deformation at mesoscopic scale is presented. A specific continuum hypo-elastic constitutive model is proposed for the yarn behavior. The associated objective derivative is based on the fiber rotation. Spherical and deviatoric parts of the transverse behavior are uncoupled. X-ray tomography is used to obtain experimental undeformed and deformed 3D geometries of the textile reinforcements. The simulations performed on representative elementary volume are validated based on mechanical experimental tests and tomography images for the geometry
Boussoualem, Mourad. "Contribution à l'optimisation de la qualité de régulation lumineuse de films composites : études physicochimiques aux interfaces matrices-fluides complexes." Littoral, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DUNK0127.
Full textThis work is devoted to the study of the relationship existing between the structural properties and the elctro-optical behaviour of liquid crystal/polymer dispersions. In particular, the physical parameters influencing the electrical and electrooptical characteristics are investigated. Polarization field effect, confinement (surface/volume ratio) effect, and anchoring conditions at the polymer/liquid crystal interface are studied. First, thermophysical, optical and electrical properties of a model system are investigated. This system consists in a perfectly characterized polymer (monodisperse polystyrene (PS)) and a nematic liquid crystal (5CB). Calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy (POM) were used to establish the phase diagram which exhibits a upper critical solution temperature (USCT) shape with a wide immiscibility gap (Isotropic-Isotropic). Broadband dielectric spectroscopy experiments have been carried showing that a relaxation mechanism exists at low frequency. This mechanism is closely related to the heterogeneous morphology of the sample. The correlationbetween the dielectric and electro-optical studies showed that in the vicinity of the low frequency absorption domain a drastic decrease in the optical transmittance occurs. This phenomenon can be related to an interfacial polarisation process (Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars effect (MWS)) resulting from a charge accumulation at the droplet-polymer interface. Second, the influence of confinement on the order parameter of the confined liquid crystal phase and polarisation field effects have been investigated on PS/8CB mixtures. DSC measurements allowed to estimate the phase-separated liquid crystal (8CB) fraction, which was found in the range of 55 % for both micron-size and submicron-size droplets. X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments showed that smectic 8CB confined to micron-size cavities adopt bulk-like properties, i. E. , a partial bilayer structure, whereas in submicron-size droplets the layer spacing of the smectic phase is increased due to the strong bending deformations inducing by the high curvature of the cavity walls. Third, a comparative study of two structurally close systems showed the ability to impose given anchoring conditions using various lateral substituants for the polymer matrix. Best electro-optical performances were obtained with the system showing a planar anchoring in the droplets. This result was related to faster reorientation dynamics of the liquid crystal droplets, in the case of a planar anchoring compared to that of a homeotropic anchoring of the liquid crystal molecules. Finally, "all plastic" display devices were reported combining the mechanical performance of polymer dispersed liquid crystal film and the use of plastic substrates covered with conducting organic electrodes. A low frequency relaxation process was observed corresponding to interfacial polarization process (MWS effect) as well as a relaxation mechanism at high frequency associated with a charge accumulation at the electrode surface
Abi, Lahoud Elie. "Composition dynamique de services : application à la conception et au développement de systèmes d'information dans un environnement distribué." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00560489.
Full textDerho, Joffrey. "Élaboration et caractérisation de systèmes ternaires miscibles PLA/PEO/argile native : analyse des phénomènes de séparation de phases et d’interdiffusion." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10196.
Full textThis PhD work is about the preparation and characterization of PLA/PEO/pristine clay miscible ternary systems with the view to combine PLA/PEO miscibility and PEO-pristine clay affinity. The strategy for preparing the ternary systems then includes beforehand the dispersion of clay into the PEO matrix. All extruded PEO/pristine clay blends are intercalated nanocomposites. While increasing clay concentration above 10%, the mobility of confined chains is strongly constrained and the polymer rheological behavior is significantly modified. PEO-clay platelet and platelet-platelet interactions are hence highlighted. Then, the dilution of PEO/clay masterbatches into PLA by extrusion leads to PLA/PEO/pristine clay intercalated nanocomposites. Stacked PEO-platelet structures contained in masterbatches are in fact maintained in ternary blends due to the strong PEO-platelet and platelet-platelet interactions. Consequently the phase segregation mechanisms identified as part of the ageing are significantly slowed down compared to PLA/PEO binary blends. Eventually, biphasic adhesive systems are processed by over-injection molding. The interdiffusion of melted bilayers is also quantitatively analyzed by dynamic rheology. Without clay, the adhesion strength is significant and a rapid interdiffusion kinetics of PLA/PEO melt is revealed. On the other hand, when a high clay loading is dispersed into PEO, the melt is no more homogeneous for the same interdiffusion time and thermal degradation is enhanced
Heman, Marie-Barbara. "Contribution à l'étude des interphases et de leur comportement au vieillissement hygrothermique dans les systèmes à matrice thermodurcissable renforcés de fibres de verre." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00348059.
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