Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Systèmes agraires – Burkina Faso'
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Jahel, Camille. "Analyse des dynamiques des agroécosystèmes par modélisation spatialisée et utilisation d’images satellitaires, Cas d’étude de l’ouest du Burkina Faso." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AGPT0059.
Full textRural areas of West Africa have seen notable transformations these last two decades, mainly due to high population growth, development policies in favor of export crops and introduction of new cropping practices. The results of these developments are a pressure on forestry resources, an evolution of farming systems, a depletion of soils and a saturation of cultivated areas. The number of conflicts for resources access increases, reviving buried ethnical tensions, and the question of food security is raised. In that context, early warning systems have been developed in order to foresee and curb food insecurity by the mean of hazard analyses.The present work deals with agrarian changes and their mechanisms, in the context of early warning systems development. New methodological approaches are explored, based on modeling and remote sensing in order to create a retrospective and prospective analysis of agrarian dynamics of the Tuy province, located in West Burkina Faso.We first focus on the issue of cross-scaling in agro-ecosystems dynamics models, by building a multi-scalar model of past developments. The model uses interaction graphs to simulate processes occurring from the plot scale to the regional scale (crop production, crop rotation and crop area expansion). We show that modelling across scales is achievable without resorting to methods of aggregation or disaggregation, usually applied for this type of study.The model is then used to analyze two aspects of agrarian dynamics of Tuy province. The first one deals with clearances dynamics in the context of Malthus vs Boserup debate, concerning the impacts of demographic growth on natural resources. Prospective scenarios are simulated and their consequences on natural vegetation surfaces are assessed: these scenarios simulate emigrations of a part of the population towards other areas, the implementation of protected areas, a demographic regulation and an ecological intensification of farming systems.The second aspect concerns decisional processes of farmers in order to constitute their crops rotations. The study consists in understanding the important variations of cultivated species, observed during the studied period, by analyzing the simulated weight evolution of different determining factors involved in the decisional processes.Finally, we show that anthropic processes footprints are explicitly detectable in remote sensing images, by using multi-scalar simulations of the model developed. Then, we create an assimilation of satellite data in the model in order to re-calibrate it and reinforce its abilities to reproduce past dynamics. This last part opens important perspectives concerning the joint use of remote sensing data and agro-ecosystems dynamics
Guillaud, Dominique. "L'ombre du mil : un système agropastoral sahélien en Aribinda (Burkina Faso) /." Bondy : Ed. de l'ORSTOM, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35661244r.
Full textSanon, Edène. "Le rôle des groupements villageois dans les transformations agraires chez les Bobo, Burkina Faso." Paris École des hautes études en sciences sociales, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0055.
Full textBelem, Pegda Célestin. "Coton et systèmes de production dans l'ouest du Burkina Faso." Montpellier 3, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON30057.
Full textToe, Patrice. "Contribution à l'étude des transformations socio-agraires en Afrique tropicale : une approche anthropologique des politiques d'innovation dans l'agriculture en pays San méridional, Burkina Faso." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0001.
Full textFollowing the example of other african societies, the san society developed in the pass outstanding agrarian civilisations adapted to the conditions, very often hostile of the environment. But for almost a century now, the introduction and the spreading of the monetary economy deeply affected the san traditional society through the impetus given by both colonial and neocolonial development policies. The agrarian structures and the social organization as this study proves, through a monographical research at koin (a san village), have been very deeply transformed and upsetted. In this confusion of changing society, the local economy can no more be outside dependence which more and more links the san peasant to the overall economy. In spite of the rural economy development policies, under the action of development institutions (governmental or philanthropic-nog-), it resulted a peasant strategy capable to refuse and to reject selection facing the capitalistic ways of exploitation and the use of its attractive technological display. The example of the cash crop (cotton in particular) on which this study is based shows that between the policy of colonial development and his one of "development" in the 1950s, the san peasant was first forced to grow cotton. Despite reactions, going from submission to revolt, he'il try in second time to
Chopart, Jean-Louis. "Relations entre état physique du sol, systèmes racinaires et fonctionnement hydrique du peuplement végétal : outils d'analyse in situ et exemples d'études en milieu tropical à risque climatique élevé." Grenoble 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10163.
Full textMbairodbbee, Njegollimi. "L'école et la production au Burkina Faso." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H118.
Full textBeing introduces and managed in the good and serious conditions of the preparation, the planning, the administration and the liability for pupils (who are the most concerned) the practice of the productive actions at school is one of certain means to increase the intellectual attainments in by the pupils. This sure means favors playing back of school profits and promotes school's integration and the adaptation of its products (the pupils in their last term) to the environment. The conditions of success are deep changes in the social structures and the general call (mobilization) of the society on the ordinated pulse of state
Grouzis, Michel. "Structure, productivité et dynamique des systèmes écologiques sahéliens (Mare d'Oursi, Burkina Faso)." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112339.
Full textThis work mainly deals with the spin crossover phenomenon in cobalt (II} molecular chemistry. The synthesis of a series of five and six coordinated complexes, with Schiff bases as equatorial ligands and various apical ones, are reported. The temperature dependances of magnetic susceptibilities and EPR spectra are used to study the influence of the environment on the metal ion spin state. The behaviours observed are interpreted on the basie of simple models. Evidence is provided for thermally induced s = 1/2 - s -= 3/2 spin crossavers. In other respects, a correlation can be established between the geometry and spin state of these complexes and their ability to activate molecular oxygen. In order to specify the spin-crossover mechanism, structural and thermodynamic techniques are used: the ingle-crystal X-ray structure of one of the compounds is reported; the mean variation of metal-ligand diatances upon transition is evaluated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy; enthalpy and heat capacity changes, measured by t ose, are compared with the values calculated on the basis of a phenomenological model. A new means of detecting the crossover, by using its effect r. N he EPR spectrum of a Cu (II)doping ion, is described in the case of an iron(II)complex
Some, Léopold. "Diagnostic agropédoclimatique du risque de sécheresse au Burkina Faso : étude de quelques techniques agronomiques améliorant la résistance pour les cultures de sorgho, de mil et de mai͏̈s." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20251.
Full textRondot, Pierre. "Évolution des systèmes productifs agricoles au Sahel Burkinabé : évaluation de dix années de travail avec les populations de l'Oudalan." Montpellier 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON10031.
Full textBacye, Bernard. "Influence des systèmes de culture sur l'évolution du statut organique et minéral des sols ferrugineux et hydromorphes de la zone soudano-sahélienne (Province du Yetenga, Burkina Faso)." Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX30043.
Full textAudouin, Sarah. "Systèmes d'innovation et territoires : un jeu d'interactions ; les exemples de l'anarcade et du jatropha dans le sud-ouest du Burkina Faso." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010568/document.
Full textDue to globalization of trade and the need to fulfill the challenges raised by climate change and the energy crisis, African agricultures are required to grow new crops. Their insertion in productive spaces has been successful like the cashew nut in West Africa, or has encountered some setbacks as it is currently the case of jatropha across the region. These results have intensities, rationalities, forms and various trajectories, depending on the spaces in which they take place. Thus, within a country, some regions will be able to take hold of these crops whereas others won‘t and will reject it more or less rapidly. Understand the inner workings of success or failures in connection with their localization is a major issue to provide the best support to these changes. So, this PhD thesis questions the shapes and dynamics of agricultural innovation in terms of its territorial integration. Currently, the Innovation System (IS) concept provides a systematic analytical frame for innovation processes. But it is usually applied to national or sectorial levels; territorial dimension is rarely taken into account. The objective of this thesis is to build a territorial analysis of the innovation in a functionalist framework, identifying the functions that the IS and the territory must activate jointly for innovation to diffuse. This analytical framework has been built on the literature and on field observations, then it has been implemented on the cases of cashew nut and jatropha in the south-west region of Burkina Faso. The developed approach combines surveys, a spatial analysis of innovation and evaluation of the relations between IS and territories functioning. Results highlight synergies and blocking factors explaining the degree of adoption of innovation, such as the accessibility of the territory, its ability to exchange, its productive system, the legitimacy of its institutions, etc. They provide a means for understanding the dynamics of agricultural innovation as a process of successive interactions with the territory, and also highlighting the role of innovation in current territorial changes. The analytical framework provides also perspectives for a predictive approach to assess the future development of an innovation according to the characteristics of the territories. Finally, recommendations are made for localized and prioritized actions in order to improve the efficiency of agricultural innovation systems
Barro, Missa. "De la double éducation au pays tusian : problématique pour une (ré)conciliation." Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE2006.
Full textThe numus' traditional education (in the tusian region) is linked with the values underlying their whole mentality. The transmission of knowledge is based on immersion, imitation and repetition. The numu child grows up in a complex univ erse composed of technical equipment, invisible spirits and parental figures where both father and mother can be replace d by their peers. The child's personality is subject to the group strong influence during the process of its structuring. The group prevails over the individual and the youngest has a duty to the eldest. With the advent of modern phenomena like money, the media, modern communications, the numu group is subject to a social and mental disintegration. Besides, the "western" educational system which was supposed to allow a revitalization of the traditional numu structures was itself fossilized by a traditional pedagogy both repetitive and directive. Thus, the conciliation of the two systems was impossible. Yet, in our opinion, the so-called active and cooperative pedagogy, base d on the child's own intelligence and creative faculties should allow the essential readjustment between tradition and modernity
Kagambega, Marcel. "L’assurance maladie au Burkina Faso : de la logique thérapeutique des acteurs sociaux, à l’appropriation des systèmes de mutualisation des risques sanitaires." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21807/document.
Full textLike of the other fellow-countryman of sub-Saharan Africa, the meeting Burkina still of enormous difficulties to settle oneself firmly of the cares of health of quality, and financially accessible to their populations. Insufficiency of the structure medical, high cost of the medical, personal furnishings, corruption, and bad quality of the cares is as much ills that weaken the medical device. Abandoned to they same, the populations use several therapeutic itineraries to solve their problem of health. Traditional healers, consultation of diviners, consummation of the medicines of street, simultaneous frequenting of the structure medical and « traditional doctors » are as much revitalize put to tax by the individuals, to defeat the illness. The beliefs of the populations to these practices remain very strong and answer to a certain rationality. Not only, they have been bequeathed of generations in generations, but they did their proofs and continue same to be a reference. To that, the study reveals that the populations adhere more and more to the systems of mutualisation of the medical risks. The individuals detaches to him of the constraints of the systems of academic organization in orienting towards of the much more autonomous therapeutic choice and individualized. Also, the study shows the dysfunctions, but also the hopes that give rise to the planting of the mutual thing of health, notably the mutual thing of Laafi baoré health of the casual sector, the mutual rural thing of Poa. These mutual know almost the same difficulties: cultural constraints, plurality of the therapeutic itineraries, poverty of the populations, irregularity of the incomes, delay of payment of the quotas, feeble pawning of the state. By another way, the analysis of the features socio cultural of the populations, we teaches the necessity taking in account, and as a priority the social values interiorized by the concerned populations in the setting up of the plans of health insurance
Dejou, Chantal. "Evaluation des systèmes de commercialisation des céréales dans les pays en développement : le cas du Burkina Faso." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF10047.
Full textLa, Rocque Stéphane de. "Identification des facteurs discriminants majeurs de la présence des glossines dans une zone agro-pastorale du Burkina Faso. Intérêt pour la prévision du risque trypanosomien." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20241.
Full textBourzat, Daniel. "Les petits ruminants dans les systèmes de production des zones aride et semi-aride de Somalie et du Burkina Faso." Paris 12, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA120032.
Full textZerbo, Roger. "Dynamiques sociales des comportements de santé au Burkina Faso: approche anthropologique de la prise en charge de la tuberculose dans la région du plateau central." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209842.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Sombié, Issiaka. "Approche microéconomique de l'analyse de la performance des systèmes financiers dans les pays en développement : cas du Burkina Faso." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01062171.
Full textTanou, Etienne. "Economie cotonnière, immigration et processus de mutation capitaliste dans les sociétés agraires des savanes ouest-africaines : le cas des Bwa Pwesya de la région de Burkina Faso)." Tours, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOUR2008.
Full textThis study aims to analyse the factors and modalities of contemporary changes in economic practice in the 7 village communities that make up the sub-group, the Pwesya Bwa, in the Solenzo region of Burkina Faso. The transformation began in the early decades of the 20th century under the pressures of a new economic order imposed by the colonisers. However, during the entire period of colonial domination, although seemingly not impervious to change, Bwa society nevertheless managed to maintain, the economic sphere included, an important aspect of the social values inherited from its "elders" - the ideal of an egalitarian and convivial society. After Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso) achieved independence in 1960, village communities felt the full impact of "cotton fever", creating a real surge in the economy's market sector. Today, these communities seem very open to agricultural modernisation and consequently are affected by changes brought about by capitalism: from millet to cotton, from the hoe to the tractor, and from a subsistence economy based on solidarity to a profit economy based on individualism, Bwa society continues to fragment and lose itself. How is the ultimate transformation from a system based on equality and solidarity to one based on exploitation and domination taking shape today? With the influx of "foreign" agricultural colonisers, the expansion of cotton farming represents the major force of the most recent and determinant changes in Bwa productivity: the constitution and promotion of new resources; the increasing inequality of access to these resources for farmers; changes in the way the village deals with its land, with a view to its merchandising; the rapid development of an agrarian wage- earning class. . . The capitalist economic order is well established and "old" Bwa society is slipping further into the past
Ouedraogo, Saïdou. "L'impact des avertissements sanitaires dans la lutte contre le tabagisme au Burkina Faso." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1G004.
Full textSmoking cigarettes is nowadays a public health issue. The World Health Organization has made several tools available to the States, including health warnings for nicotinism. In Burkina Faso, the current health warning in force is in small size textual form. Social marketing literature has focused on the impact of textual and visual health warnings on the affective, cognitive and conative responses of smokers and non-smokers. Divergences still exist on the effectiveness of health warnings in a general way and particularly, those which arouse negative emotions. Thus, very little research has been carried out on illiterate individuals. Based on these observations, the present thesis aims to test the impact on smokers and non-smokers, of the current textual health warning in force in Burkina Faso and the 72 new visual health warnings proposed by the WHO for African countries. We conducted a qualitative study through individual interviews. The results show that the current textual health warning has little impact on the emotional, cognitive and behavioral intents of smokers and non-smokers. But, visual health warnings have a greater impact on smokers and non-smokers compared to the textual health warning. Health warnings that cause more negative emotions (fear) have more impact on the behavioral intent of smokers and non-smokers. A quantitative study has then been carried out to compare the current textual health warning in force in Burkina Faso with 4 new visual health warnings selected from the 72, following the qualitative study. The quantitative study’s results are in line with those of the qualitative study. With the exception of the « reading » variable, smokers’ level of education (literate or non-literate) does not influence the impact of health warnings. Gender and age range of individuals do not also have a significant effect on the impact of health warnings. This thesis helps to enrich the literature on health warnings in developing countries and on non-literate people. In terms of public health, our results suggest the addition of visual health warnings on cigarette packets in Burkina Faso to fight against smoking
Kedowide, Mevo Guezo Conchita Ghislaine. "SIG et analyse multicritère pour l’aide à la décision en agriculture urbaine dans les pays en développement, cas de Ouagadougou au Burkina Faso." Paris 8, 2011. http://octaviana.fr/document/163805911#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full text"Before 2030, the world population will increase by 3 billion individuals, among whom 95 % in developing countries, production of food will double, and that of waste and effluents will increase fourfold in cities. Three billion persons will lack infrastructure for sewage disposal. These patterns and their potential impact as well as the challenge its management, will beparticularly pronounced in regions in fast urbanizing regions amongst which sub‐Saharan Africa" (Mougeot et Moustier, 2004). This statement is vocal on the issue of integrating food security in urban environmental management in the cities of developing countries. One urban activity contributing to fighting poverty and promoting a clean environment is urban agriculture, in as much as it consists of “an industry that produces, processes, and markets food and fuel, largely in response to the daily demand of consumers within a town” (UNDP, 1998). It is a source of income for the underprivileged for whom jobs are created, and it participates in the purification of cities by using recycled waste as fertilizers and treated waste water. Nevertheless, in spite of its vital functions in developing countries, the urban agriculture suffers from a lack of recognition and carries little economic weight. This is justified by its call on scarce resources and the health and environmental risks associated with its practice. . . This situation is evidenced in the specific case of Burkina Faso, which is the subject of our study. So, the characterization made from the field data indicates that agriculture is marginalized in this administrative entity and it disturbs because it tries to settle where the city develops. It claims lands subject to high financial speculations by the authorities and water, a scarce resource in the Burkina‘s sahelian context. This explains its precarious and informal character and a long time, the lack of consideration in the projects of urban planning. The present study elucidates its profile and spatial distribution. It was interested at first in its spatiotemporal dynamics since 1996, which corresponds to the period when Agrarian and land reform (RAF, on 1999) was adopted in Burkina; secondly, it canvasses agricultural potential zones, where efforts of accompaniment should focus in order to help in the decision‐making by the territorial administrators of the Municipality of Ouagadougou. .
Audouin, Sarah. "Systèmes d'innovation et territoires : un jeu d'interactions. Les exemples de l'anacarde et du jatropha dans le sud-ouest du Burkina Faso." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01054501.
Full textSoalla, Wendkouni Lydie Sophie. "L'action des institutions financières internationales et leur impact sur les systèmes nationaux : aspects budgétaires et fiscaux. Le cas du Burkina Faso." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30083.
Full textSince its independence, Burkina Faso is seeking public policy development that allows him to leave his state of "underdevelopment". Fiscal policy has, therefore, been established as a catalyst for sustainable economic and social development. But mistakes budget successive Governments have instead led to a triple crisis: a debt crisis, a crisis of deficits and an economic crisis. Beginning in the 1990s, the IMF and the World Bank intervened alongside Burkinabe authorities, within a double technical and financial assistance to reform structurally fiscal policy. This intervention will settle permanently in the internal politics of Burkina Faso. In two decades, finance policy will be geared to suit the budget doctrine and priorities defined by the IMF and the World Bank: the structural adjustment programs and the political fight against poverty will try to achieve the objectives of economic growth, and economic growth and social reform through policy and budgetary spending policy of budgetary resources. But whatever the goal under consideration, the results achieved are far removed from the expected results in terms of debt restructuring, expenditure and budgetary resources. This dynamic reforms can nevertheless wonder, in view of past experience, the appropriate role for the state in Burkina Faso, fiscal policy, the IMF and the World Bank, the Community institutions in West Africa the development process as Burkina Faso must necessarily raise, so that decades of reforms are not considered necessary
Hien, Victor. "Pratiques culturales et évolution de la teneur en azote organique utilisable par les cultures dans un sol ferralitique du Burkina Faso." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/prive/INPL_T_1990_HIEN_V.pdf.
Full textDestin, Iramène. "L’approche par compétences en contextes scolaires francophones : quels enjeux contextuels dans le cas d’Haïti et du Burkina Faso ?" Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA131/document.
Full textEducation systems in developing countries have undergone real transformations since the 1990s. Different reforms have been undertaken to improve their effectiveness in the face of the various changes brought about by the effects of globalization. Following the two major international meetings in Jomtien in 1990 and in Dakar in 2000 devoted to the state of education in the world, this sector is at the center of global concerns. Thus, under the impetus of the major challenges launched by international funding agencies at large gatherings, developing countries are committed to undertake comprehensive reforms in their education systems.However, due to their philosophy, constraints linked to the particularities of the contexts of appropriation and the pressure exerted by donors who demand rapid results, these reforms face enormous difficulties of applicability.This dissertation analyzes the beginning of the skills reform undertaken in Haiti and Burkina Faso in 2007. It reinforces the idea of the need for a national strategy, in redefining objectives according to the realities and aspirations of the populations, in managing the human and material resources needed to effectively reform against the risk of further weakening these already precarious educational systems
Kabore, Souleymane. "Systèmes d'animation du contrôle de gestion dans les entreprises burkinabè : étude transculturelle." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1G013.
Full textSanon, Antoine. "Etude de l'évolution des populations de coléoptères bruchidae et de leurs parasitoïdes larvophages dans les systèmes de stockage du niébé (vigna unguiculata walp) au Burkina Faso. Importance dans la mise en place de méthodes de lutte biologique." Tours, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOUR4001.
Full textBagre, Ahmed Ousmane. "Optimisation du couplage de centrales photovoltaïques aux réseaux publics instables : application au réseau national du Burkina Faso." Thesis, Le Havre, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEHA0017/document.
Full textThe research work performed in this thesis focuses on the problems of coupling photovoltaic power plants to the African high-voltage distribution environments. African power systems are mostly characterized by a high degree of instability, low meshed and low power installed networks. The first part of this work deals with photovoltaic power plants connected to the high-voltage grid, its general behaviors and its interactions with the grid. The second part is devoted to the modeling of electrical power systems included photovoltaic systems. A modeling approach of a photovoltaic generator for large power plant was proposed. A photovoltaic cluster of 500 kWp system is proposed and simulated, and its performance evaluated. The design of the control systems used in the proposed cluster has taken into account the technical requirements needed for optimal power transfer and good quality of the voltage at the point of common coupling. Furthermore, a 20 MWp power plant connected to the national grid of Burkina Faso has been modeled and simulated, and their interactions have been evaluated in terms of voltage steady-state stability both in normal operation and in the dysfunction state. The approach to the strategy in terms of connecting PV power plants, and the impact of using modular photovoltaic power plants has also been analyzed
Ima, Ouoba Sidonie Aristide. "Dynamique du mode de vie des éleveurs et bouviers peuls de la zone pastorale de la Nouhao au Burkina Faso." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG008/document.
Full textIn the face of unfavorable rearing conditions, the State sees in the creation of pastoral areas an opportunity to inject a new dynamic into livestock farming by improving production techniques. It is in this context that the pastoral zone of Nouhao was created and there were officially installed Fulani breeders. This installation was preceded by several achievements in order to ensure in a sustainable way, a satisfactory availability and at any time of the year, food resources, water, as well as a sanitary supervision for the animals of the said zone. Despite the many achievements that have brought benefits to pastoralists, they have retained their traditional system of pastoral resource exploitation.The study aims to identify the motivations of the actors in the persistence of the practice of mobility outside the pastoral zone. The survey carried out among stakeholders in different fields of activity has made it possible to provide answers to a specific question of mobility that is the transhumance of pastoralists and Fulani herdsmen in the pastoral zone of Nouhao
Caillault, Sébastien. "Le feu, la brousse et la savane : Modélisation spatiale de la dynamique des paysages soudaniens (Burkina Faso)." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625721.
Full textSomé, Yélézouomin. "Modélisation de la distribution spatiale de formes moléculaire M et S d'Anopheles gambiae au Burkina Faso avec les SIG et l'analyse spatiale." Thesis, Orléans, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ORLE1108/document.
Full textThe anti-vectorial fight is an important constituent for vectorial borne diseases control. The knowledge of the vectors populations as well as their specific composition and spatiotemporal distribution is fundamental for the conception of the strategies of fight against this type of disease.This thesis modeled the spatial distribution of the molecular forms M and S of Anopheles gambiae s.s., major vectors of malaria in Burkina Faso. The modeling was made from the analysis of a series of observations concerning both the vectors and the environment.It proceeds of a combination of concepts and methods of biogeography with techniques and tools of spatial analysis, data analysis and the geographical information systems.We retain of this research work that the abundance of the molecular form S of Anopheles gambiae s.s., decreases as we move from wet regions of the south and the southwest to those the driest of the north and the northeast. The NDVI, the ETP, and the sunshine are the most determining factors of its spatial distribution.In contrast, the abundance of the molecular form M of Anopheles gambiae s.s. increases from the wet regions of the South and the southwest to those drier of the north and the northeast. The temperatures, the pressure, the sunshine and the NDVI are the most determining factors of this spatial distribution.Of these results, were diverted two models which we use to elaborate the Maps of distribution of the molecular forms M and S of Anopheles gambiae s.s.This thesis highlights also the role of the geographical approach in the reflection on health issues and its methodology could be tested on the other sites and for the other vectors of diseases. This methodology could be improved by multi-scale analysis and of temporal variability modeling
Tsuanyo, David. "Approches technico-économiques d’optimisation des systèmes énergétiques décentralisés." Thesis, Perpignan, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PERP0017/document.
Full textThe development of renewable and / or conventional energy systems for power supply to decentralized areas faces many technical, institutional, socio-cultural and financial barriers. The solution recommended in this thesis is to look for approaches to design sustainable and cost-effective systems for the development of rural electrification by the private sector. An analysis of various economic criteria allows first to define several types of equivalence inter-linking them: equivalence for investment decision, equivalence for the optimal sizing and equivalence for ranking technical solutions. This first study shows that the three economic criteria usually used (levelized cost of energy, internal rate of return and discounted payback period) lead to different optimal technical solutions. A techno-economic model is then developed for off-grid batteryless PV/Diesel hybrid systems. An application to 2iE-K1 campus (Ouagadougou) has been done to validate the compliance of models compared to HOMER software. It shows that the maximum internal rate of return criteria or minimum discounted payback period criteria reduces the initial investment and the amount of the maximum debt. Several optimal solutions are then obtained, depending on economic criteria under consideration. The electrification of the rural community of Bilgo has been chosen for a real case study. The work carried out, through this thesis, could be classified in the category of optimal design and techno-economic optimization tools for off-grid energy production systems
Ouedraogo, Wendkouni Adelphe Sabine. "Étude comparée de l’intégration juridique de la tradimédecine dans les systèmes de santé publique en Afrique de l’Ouest : les cas du Ghana et du Burkina Faso." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0009.
Full textTraditional medicine and pharmacopeia are still nowadays for thousands of people in West Africa, the unique healthcare solution. If this fact is often considered as arising solely from the weakness of the allopathic health system, it could also be a result of socio-cultural choices. Indeed, people especially in rural areas are strongly influenced by traditional vision and beliefs about diseases’ origins, which could have natural or induced causes in this traditional conception. For a long time, this resort to traditional medicine was done without the supervision and support of the appropriate measures and regulations. This has generated high public healthcare risks. Moreover, the multiplication of bioprospection’s without states control has led to a sharp increase in illicit appropriation of traditional medicine knowledge for the purposes of pharmaceutical innovation. This has created new issues in the South, especially about local populations’ intellectual property on their traditional knowledge. Highlighting these facts has raised new concerns within the competent international and regional institutions: the need of protection for local and indigenous communities’ rights over their genetic resources and associated tradimedical knowledge, and the need of building a fair system of exploitation of resources and medical indigenous knowledge for purposes of research and development. The Burkinabe and Ghanaian states have, in order to overcome these issues, adopted legislations to regulate traditional care practices as well as the production and placement on their national markets of traditional and neo-traditional medicines
Tapsoba, Ambroise. "Education non formelle et qualité de l'éducation : le cas des formules éducatives non formelles pour adolescents au Burkina Faso." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR122/document.
Full textPart of empirical facts observed in Burkina Faso, this thesis addresses the question of the determinants of the quality of education. Although the Education Orientation Law has defined a holistic vision, the education system in Burkina Faso is partitioned into formal, non-formal and informal. The formal system is dominant but inefficient. The non-formal system is marginalized but carries quality. What explains this quality of non-formal despite its marginalization? As an interim response, the author uses training engineering, proceeds by a triangulation of interactionist theories to identify the five educational formulas constituting the central observation object of the thesis.The research reveals two phases in the development of educational formulas: an investigation phase where the actors live moments of ideation, analysis and conception concerning the solutions to be found to the educational problems; An implementation phase where they carry out the validated educational project, monitor and evaluate activities, results and disseminate them. Positioned in non-formal education, training engineering is enriched by two new stages: ideation or the emergence of social demand in education, and dissemination, a means of re-engineering educational formulas.In sum, the research leads to the fact that the development of educational alternatives mobilizes a training engineering that ensures them a quality education. This quality influences the formal education system. Thus, the formal and non-formal systems exchange approaches and practices that place the educational field in a logic of social transaction and miscegenation
Abba, Goni Béchir. "Vers une caractérisation du processus d'appropriation des systèmes d'information mobiles (SIM) en Afrique francophone : une approche empirique des usages et usagers au Burkina Faso, au Niger et au Tchad." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT4032.
Full textTapsoba, Hadissa. "Applicabilité internationale et généralisation transculturelle d'instruments de recueil de données pour l'évaluation des systèmes de santé bucco-dentaire." Nancy 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN11312.
Full textChidikofan, Grâce. "Développement méthodologique pour l'évaluation des performances et de la durabilité des systèmes de production d'électricité par gazéification de biomasse en milieu rural : Etude de cas au Burkina-Faso." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENAM0063/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to develop a performance assessment methodology of power generation systems based on biomass gasification in a rural area case in developing countries. The general methodological framework of this thesis is described in the approaches as follow: (i) defining performance assessment criteria, (ii) selecting methods or models for assessing the criteria, and (iii) choosing the method of analyzing the reliability of the assessment. Based on this methodological framework, a methodology for the assessment of electricity generation by biomass gasification systems in West Africa is developed. Fourteen assessment criteria are defined by taking in account technical, economic, environmental and social aspects. Models are developed for the calculation of each criterion considered. The models are then applied to carry out a performance assessment of the electricity generation by biomass gasification project in Burkina Faso. Twelve (12) system configurations are studied to satisfy the same load profiles. Simulation results allowed identifying from the point of view of the operator and the consumers the configurations which give better valorization of biomass available with an affordable electricity cost and which offer to operator a relative flexibility to adapt to changes in electricity demand
Bellón, de la Cruz Beatriz. "Une approche multiscalaire par télédétection pour la cartographie et la caractérisation des systèmes agricoles à l’échelle régionale." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AGPT0002.
Full text: In a context of regional land-use planning, agricultural systems’ mapping - crop types and cropping practices – allows monitoring of what is being produced, where and how, and therefore represents a key element for regional assessment of the agricultural production and its environmental impact. The production of information on agricultural systems generally requires a lot of data and expertise. This information is thus very heterogeneous in quantity and quality in space and time, the availability and updates being extremely variable between countries and regions. Remote sensing, through its ability to retrieve synoptic spatial information on the state and dynamics of vegetation from satellite images, represents a valuable tool for agricultural monitoring. However, the conversion of images into regional-scale map products remains a field of research for many applications. This thesis presents original methodological developments in a semi-automatic multiscale approach based on the processing and analysis of optical satellite imagery for the mapping and characterization of agricultural systems at regional scale. The approach is composed of two main methods: (i) regional stratification into landscape units and classification of these units to produce a map of agricultural land-use systems; (ii) field-level segmentation and unsupervised classification of the segments by a “landscape-clustering” method to produce a cropping systems’ map. The methods were developed on a region of intensive agriculture, the Brazilian state of Tocantins, where the cultivated area, as well as the main agricultural land-use systems and cropping systems were successfully mapped from an annual NDVI-MODIS time series and a mosaic of Landsat images. The reproducibility of the approach was then assessed in Burkina Faso, where landscapes are shaped by the smallholder agriculture. Only the cultivated area could be mapped with satisfactory results, highlighting the limitations of these methods and the current offer in satellite imagery given the challenging specificities of this type of agriculture for remote sensing. The resulting maps were assessed with ground-truth data and agricultural statistics, and compared to other existing maps. The results of this thesis show the potential of the new method of regional stratification into landscape units which, based on NDVI time series and combined to the unsupervised “landscape-clustering” classification method, contributes to significantly improve discrimination of crop types and agricultural practices, and allows representing the agricultural systems at different levels of spatial organization. The originality of the developed methods lies mainly in the simplicity of their implementation. They are almost exclusively based on satellite data and require little “expert” intervention and external data, which gives them a high reproducibility potential. Thereupon, this thesis contributes, with these novel methods, to the development of generic tools to support large-scale monitoring of agriculture and to provide decision-support products for reasoned land-use planning
Grippa, Taïs. "Very‑high resolution earth observation data and open‑source solutions for mapping urban areas in sub-Saharan Africa. Implementation of an operational framework for production of geoinformation. Application on Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) and Dakar (Senegal)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/284464.
Full textOption Géographie du Doctorat en Sciences
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Munro, Kimberly. "Addressing Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: Insights from hospital ethnography." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2892.
Full textThe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic is the most pressing public health crisis of modern times. Present international focus targets expanding access to life-saving antiretroviral treatment (ART) for people living with HIV/AIDS – referred to as treatment scale-up- in contexts with limited resources. Near perfect adherence to ART regimens is required to maximize individual and public health outcomes. ART is being scaled-up in African countries with under-funded, fragile health systems. These health systems are further plagued by a shortage of health professionals who play a critical role in the implementation and sustainability of ART programmes, including the provision of adherence support. This ethnographic study sought to explore the experience of health providers in addressing adherence to ART in settings of limited resources where ART is being scaled-up. The study took place in two hospital centres in the capital city of Burkina Faso; Ouagadougou. The study led to three broad conclusions. First, good organization is imperative in the delivery of adherence support services, both in terms of logistics and materiality. This infrastructure must extend beyond the level of the hospital ward, to the level of the health sector in order to ensure a sustainable impact. Second, the provision of ART within a comprehensive package of care is an essential component of effective adherence support. This involves equipping providers with tools to assist them in their clinical practice (laboratory monitoring, treatment for opportunistic infections, and additional staff) as well as mechanisms for them to help patients negotiate the trials of daily life (gratuity of care, literacy support, psychosocial support). Third, there is a need for improved coordination of nationally and internationally-led HIV programming for coherent service provision at the local level. Limited and short-term external funding affects the long-term availability of material and human resources, as well as working conditions and service provision on the wards. The results of the study contribute to the existing academic literature on ART adherence, to the design of future research projects, and to the organization of adherence support services.
Ouédraogo, Ousséni. "Mercure, arsenic et sélénium au Burkina Faso : bioaccumulation, transfert trophique dans les systèmes aquatiques et évaluation de bioaccessibilité chez les humains." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9103.
Full textMining of gold is one of the human activities that have increased the inputs of trace elements into the environment. Mercury (Hg) arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) are trace elements that are of environmental importance. Under aquatic environmental conditions, they can be transformed into organic forms which can bioaccumulate through aquatic food webs to reach high concentrations in predatory fish posing harmful effects to wildlife and humans due to their toxicological properties. This study assessed mercury (Hg), arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) levels in aquatic systems and their potential health risk for humans and wildlife in African sub-Saharan region of Burkina Faso where small scale gold mining practices are widespread. Bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of Hg and Se through food webs were also assessed. Human Hg exposure from fish consumption was also assessed in vitro by measure of bioaccessibility as proxy of Hg bioavailability to improve risk assessment. Water and fish levels of these elements were relatively low and did not reveal an important impact of gold mining activities. However some fish, mainly from deepest reservoirs, exhibited Hg concentrations above the international marketing limit of 500 ngHg/g (w.w.) recommended by WHO/FAO. These levels may be harmful for these fish and their predators including human. However, when taking into account the antagonistic effect of Se on Hg toxicity, up to 99 % of all fish could be protected from Hg toxicity by their Se content. When considering both As/Se and Se/Hg antagonism, 83% instead the 99% of fish should be considered safe for consumption. Stable isotope ratios of nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) allowed us to draw food webs structure and pathways of Hg and Se bioaccumulation and biomagnification through food webs. We reported that food webs structure were similar across the three reservoirs. Many fish were found to rely on littoral habitat and were associated with short food chains (3-4 levels). However isotopic analyses were not sufficient to understand seasonal variation of Hg from fish linked to seasonal variation of main food items and subsequent analyses of gut contents suggest that stomach content analysis and invertebrate functional groups dynamics may be complementary to isotopic analysis in ecosystem dynamics studies. Bioaccessibility assessment indicated that cooking and addition of tea or coffee led to very low levels of Hg bioaccessibility suggesting that Hg bioaccessibilty from fish can be modified by cooking and by the co-ingestion of tea and coffee. These in vitro results should be further validated using in vivo approaches with animal models, thereby for each community, risk assessment should consider the impact of dietary habits on mercury bioavailability.
Paré, Marie-Eve. "Le pluralisme des systèmes juridiques et les perceptions de la justice : une ethnographie des conflits matrimoniaux chez les Mossi de Koudougou, Burkina Faso." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19032.
Full textThis thesis aims to contribute to the development of empirical knowledge in the scientific fields of legal anthropology and the study of kinship in Burkina Faso. More to the point, it focuses on the understanding of the consequences of legal pluralism in matrimonial dispute cases among the Mossi society in Koudougou, the country’s third most populous city. Marriage is a social indicator and a fundamental institution which allows the reconstruction of the social organization and kinship systems, a process which highlights the transversal effect of customary justice. This situation of legal pluralism induces the creation of processes such as innovation, resistance and legal interbreeding. It engenders a phenomenon of forum shopping, whereby social actors navigate through a multiplicity of tactics, among several legal orders, and is being analyzed through the lens of the perception of justice concept.