Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Système protéasome'
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Sourisseau, Tony. "Etude du système ubiquitine-protéasome dans l'apoptose." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10009.
Full textRulina, Anastasiia. "Profilage en cascade du système ubiquitine-protéasome dans le cancer." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV028/document.
Full textIn this work we describe a systematic approach for screening of ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) based on cascade organization. We have evaluated the effect of RNAi knockdown of individual UPS components on viability of PCa cells with major focus on TMPRSS:ERG-positive cell line, VCaP, as a model of prevalent phenotype of prostate cancer. Seven genes have been identified to be particularly important for the functioning of PCa cells. Among them, UBE2U was the strongest hit. This thesis provides the first evidence for UBE2U involvement in prostate carcinogenesis and describes initial characterization of UBE2U as a potential drug-target.The prevalence of the components of CRL/NEDD8 pathway in the hits (four out of seven) suggested the importance of neddylation for PCa biology. Two of these hits, CUL2 and RBX1, being specific to TMPRSS2:ERG-positive cells, are potentially ERG-dependent. We have also revealed the crucial role of CRL-exchange factor CAND1, in particular, when the neddylation is compromised. Knockdown of CAND1 induces apoptosis in VCaP cells that is further potentiated by neddylation-specific inhibitor MLN4924. CAND1 is, therefore, a novel potential drug target. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the inhibition of CRL/NEDD8 pathway in prostate cancer cells has a complex outcome that strongly depends on cellular context. MLN4924 inhibitor induced apoptosis in all tested cell lines, though TMPRSS2:ERG positive cells were significantly more resistant. We have demonstrated that the increased resistance of VCaP cells reflects the plasticity of cancer cells ensured by sophisticated interaction network ERG:NF-kB:c-Myc:Wnt/β-cat:AR. We found that partial inhibition of neddylation triggered transcriptional reprogramming of VCaP cells leading to cell quiescence and inhibition of proliferation-dependent apoptosis. This was a result of re-activation of AR program and induction of differentiation-like state. We conclude that CRL/NEDD8 pathway regulates cancer transcriptional network that underlies cancer cells plasticity. This knowledge would help to find better treatments for TMPRSS2:ERG-positive cancers.Finally, we observed that neddylation inhibition changed membrane properties and morphology of VCaP cells. This was accompanied by dose-dependent changes in the level and the localization of several membrane-associated proteins, including occludin, N-cadherin, paxillin and FAK. We thus conclude that CRL/NEDD8 pathway might be involved in sorting/trafficking of membrane proteins. This part of the work requires further investigation, as understanding of the underlying mechanisms is of general importance and may uncover a new role of CRL/NEDD8 pathway in regulation of cellular functions.General conclusions:1. We have obtained a comprehensive dataset on the involvement of all human E1-E2 UPS components in the regulation of viability of PCa cells, represented by five different cell lines.2. Our work has revealed new potential drug targets for PCa treatment: UBE2U and CAND1.3. We have demonstrated the role of CRL/NEDD8 pathway in the regulation of cancer cell plasticity and morphology
Le, Feuvre Aurélie. "Etude du système ubiquitine-protéasome : analyse du rôle de la protéine hHR23/Rad23 dans l'ubiquitylation de p53 et recherche de cofacteurs du protéasome 26S." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20206.
Full textThe ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a key role in most biological pathways, due to its central function in regulated proteolysis. Protein degradation through the UPS usually occurs in two main steps: ubiquitylation of proteins and subsequent degradation by the 26S proteasome. However, many open questions remain concerning UPS functioning. During my thesis, I followed two main research axes aimed at investigating the ill-understood ubiquitylation/degradation interface. One axis was to further study the role(s) in Hdm2-mediated p53 ubiquitylation of the Rad23/hHR23 protein, known to be an adaptator involved in addressing ubiquitylated substrates to the proteasome. I showed that Rad23 effect is twofold: in addition to inhibit both multi-mono- and poly-ubiquitylation of p53 by Hdm2, Rad23 somehow favors Hdm2 auto-ubiquitylation. Moreover, I confirmed that the domain responsible for the effects of Rad23 is its UBA2 domain, and showed that Rad23 dimerization might be involved in these processes. The second axis was aimed at identifying new cellular factors involved in targeting ubiquitylated substrates to the proteasome, or in assisting 26S proteasome during protein degradation. My goal was to purify and characterize proteins, through cell extract fractionation, having a positive effect on degradation of ubiquitylated p53 by purified 26S proteasome. Rapidly, my work was focused on the PA28 αβ complex, that was found in active fractions, and I obtained striking results indicating that it could play a role in 26S activation. However, due to time constraints and technical difficulties, this part of my work could not be brought to a conclusive end yet. In a second part of this project, I purified from cell extracts another activity that is able to both bind to and activate the 26S proteasome. Two potential candidates were identified in the active fractions: the Ecm29 protein and the translational complex eIF3
Massaly, Nicolas. "Implication du système ubiquitine protéasome dans le noyau accumbens lors de l'élaboration et du maintien de comportements addictifs induits par les opioïdes." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU30087.
Full textAddiction is defined as a compulsive use of a substance despite negative consequences. High reinforcing properties of drugs of abuse lead to pathological usurpation of neural processes that normally serve reward-related learning. In recent years, it was shown that the transition to addiction depends on plastic changes in the reward system. These neuro-adaptations, such as synaptic plasticity and changes in neuronal morphology, share many similarities with mechanisms involved in long-term memory (LTM). In the hippocampus of rodents, protein degradation by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) plays a crucial role in synaptic plasticity and memory. Nevertheless UPS activity is not restricted to hippocampal plasticity and long-term memory storage but is also involved in cellular adaptations induced by long-term morphine treatments in neuroblastoma cultures. An important question is, therefore, whether the UPS is necessary for the in vivo reinforcing properties of drugs of abuse. The nucleus accumbens (NAcc), an important point of convergence in the reward circuitry, plays a major role in the reinforcing properties of drugs of abuse and participate in the transition from recreational to compulsive drug use. The purpose of the present work was therefore to evaluate the necessity of UPS in the NAcc for the development of opiate-induced behaviors in rodents. First, we investigated whether injection of morphine in vivo could induce protein degradation in the NAcc. Then, our strategy was to determine the effects of protein degradation blockade by locally injecting lactacystin, a proteasome inhibitor, in the NAcc during the establishment of a wide range of standard behavioral paradigms commonly used to test morphine reinforcement. This strategy allowed us to provide compelling evidence for a role of protein degradation in the NAcc in the establishment of goal-directed behaviors induced by opiate reinforcing effects that lead to addiction
Luton, Frédéric. "Régulation de la polarité épithéliale par EFA6, facteur d'échange d'Arf6, et le système ubiquitine-protéasome." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00317619.
Full textLes cellules de la réponse immune cellulaire, les lymphocytes T, reconnaissent leur antigène spécifique à l'aide d'un récepteur multi-protéique, le complexe TCR/CD3. Le contrôle de son expression de surface est essentiel car le nombre de récepteurs stimulés par l'antigène et la durée de cette interaction déterminent la réponse fonctionnelle. Au cours de ma thèse au Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, j'ai participé à l'étude des mécanismes qui contrôlent l'expression de surface du récepteur et son internalisation suite à l'interaction avec l'antigène. Ces travaux ont permis 1) de corroborer que l'expression de surface du complexe TCR/CD3 est dépendante de l'assemblage complet de toutes les sous-unités qui le composent, 2) et surtout d'aborder le lien entre voies de signalisation associées au complexe TCR/CD3 et son internalisation stimulées par la liaison d'un ligand spécifique.
Le récepteur aux poly-immunoglobulines (pIgR) exprimé à la surface des cellules épithéliales qui tapissent la cavité interne de nos organes transcytose les anticorps sécrétés dans le milieu basal vers le lumen. Ainsi, ce récepteur approvisionne-t-il continuellement les sécrétions mucosales en anticorps (pIgA et pIgM). La forte augmentation de la quantité d'anticorps produits en réponse à une infection nécessite un transport accru de ces anticorps vers les surfaces mucosales à protéger. Pendant mon stage post-doctoral à UCSF (University of California, San Francisco) j'ai contribué 1) à montrer que la liaison des pIgA au pIgR stimulait une voie de signalisation, 2) à décrire au niveau moléculaire le fonctionnement de cette voie de signalisation, 3) à montrer in vivo que cette voie de signalisation stimule fortement la transcytose des pIgAs.
Les épithéliums représentent une barrière à la pénétration d'agents pathogènes mais également une surface d'échange avec le milieu extérieur. Pour accomplir leurs fonctions les cellules épithéliales maintiennent un phénotype polarisé avec un coté orienté vers les tissus sous-jacents (pôle basal) et un autre tourné vers le milieu extérieur (pôle apical). Ces cellules doivent établir entre elles des contacts physiques pour maintenir la cohésion de l'ensemble du tissu qu'elles constituent. Les contacts cellulaires sont assurés par des molécules d'adhésion (E-cadhérine) qui se comportent comme des récepteurs couplés à des voies de signalisation transduisant notamment des signaux qui participent au maintien de la polarité épithéliale. Depuis mon arrivée à l'IPMC (Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), j'ai mis au jour une nouvelle voie de signalisation associée aux molécules de E-cadhérine qui comprend un facteur d'échange (EFA6) et son substrat la petite protéine G Arf6. Cette voie de régulation contrôle notamment la mise en place de la structure moléculaire, appelée jonction étroite, qui régule les échanges paracellulaires de l'épithélium et contribue à la polarité épithéliale. EFA6, connecté à deux voies de signalisation qui agissent de façon coordonnée, participe à l'organisation du cytosquelette d'actine qui soutient la jonction étroite. Par ailleurs, nous avons trouvé que le niveau d'expression d'EFA6 est étroitement régulé pendant le développement de la polarité. Cette régulation post-traductionnelle est assurée par la machinerie de dégradation cytosolique appelée système ubiquitine-protéasome. Nous avons identifié certains acteurs de cette voie de régulation et commencé de montrer son importance pour le développement et le maintien de la polarité épithéliale. Les résultats les plus récents pointent vers un rôle de ces protéines dans les cancers épithéliaux qui se caractérisent toujours par une perte de la polarité cellulaire.
Doucet, Christine. "Étude des mécanismes et du rôle de la dégradation mitotique de Myf5 par le système ubiquitine-protéasome." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20162.
Full textTempé, Denis. "Régulation des protéines Gli, effecteurs transcriptionnels de la voie de signalisation Hedgehog, par le système Ubiquitine-Protéasome." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MNHN0009.
Full textIn vertebrates, Sonic hedgehog (Shh) morphogenetic activities are mediated by Gli transcription factors. My PhD work has focused on Gli3 and Gli1 regulation by the Ubiquitin-Proteasome pathway. Upon PKA phosphorylation, the deletion of Gli3 carboxyterminal transactivation domain generates transcriptional repressor. The SCF-type E3 Ubiquitin-ligase component ßTrCP is required for Gli3 proteolytic processing, binds to Gli3 and promotes its poly-ubiquitination. Gli1 binds ßTrCP and can be ubiquitinated, without any proteolytic processing. Shh and Gli1-dependant transactivation can be blocked by a Proteasome inhibitor as well as by downregulating ßTrCP expression by RNA interference. This work could establish that the SCFßTrCP complex participates in Shh signaling both in a negative and a positive manner. Further studies should unravel the unusual mechanisms likely involved in controlling Gli proteins by SCFßTrCP and PKA/GSK3ß activities
Poirson, Juline. "Interactome des oncoprotéines E6 et E7 des HPV : du système ubiquitine-protéasome à la voie de signalisation Hippo." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ052.
Full textThe human papillomavirus (HPVs) are the archetype of DNA oncogenic viruses. High-risk mucosal HPVs (mainly HPV16) are the main causative agents of cervical cancer and are also involved in other cancers. HPV oncogenic properties are mainly due to the expression of E6 and E7 proteins. We built a resource composed of 600 cDNA encoding the human ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) effectors and identified novel E6 and E7 potential targets by using a method based on the complementation of the Gaussia princeps luciferase (GPCA). HPV16 E6 binds to specific LxxLL motifs present in E6AP and IRF3. We have solved the crystallographic structure of the E6/E6AP LxxLL/p53 and E6/IRF3 LxxLL complexes. Furthermore, HPV may target a novel tumour suppressor pathway, the Hippo signalling pathway with its two main mediators YAP and TAZ. We have built a cDNA library dedicated to the 265 human PDZ domains and identified news potential partners of YAP and TAZ proteins by using the GPCA. The results provide novel insights on HPV biology and their oncogenic property
Girbal-Neuhauser, Elisabeth. "La polyarthrite rhumatoïde et les auto-anticorps anti-protéines citrullinées.Le système ubiquitine-protéasome et ses implications dans le cancer." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00092557.
Full text1. La polyarthrite rhumatoïde et les auto-anticorps anti-protéines citrullinées :
La polyarthrite rhumatoïde est une maladie auto-immune d'étiologie inconnue, caractérisée par une inflammation chronique et destructive des articulations synoviales. Le processus auto-immun rhumatoïde fait l'objet d'intenses recherches et bien que des progrès importants aient été réalisés dans la compréhension de certains mécanismes immuno-pathologiques mis en jeu, il n'a pas été possible d'identifier un élément unique comme responsable du processus inflammatoire auto-immun. Il est donc communément admis aujourd'hui que c'est la combinaison de divers facteurs qui détermine l'apparition et l'entretien de la maladie.
La présence dans le sérum des patients, d'anticorps décrits pour leur marquage du Stratum Corneum (ou couche cornée) de l'épithélium d'œsophage de rat et de l'épiderme humain, s'est avérée comme une caractéristique suffisamment fréquente et spécifique de la maladie rhumatoïde pour qu'on puisse les suspecter de jouer un rôle significatif dans les processus responsables de l'inflammation articulaire chronique. Afin de mieux comprendre le rôle joué par ces auto-anticorps qualifiés alors d'anticorps « anti-kératines » dans la pathogénie rhumatoïde, il était essentiel d'identifier leur cible antigénique. L'analyse par immunotransfert, à l'aide de sérums rhumatoïdes, d'extraits d'épithélium d'œsophage de rat a permis de détecter, comme cibles murines des auto-anticorps, trois antigènes solubles dans des tampons de faible force ionique. Ces trois protéines ne correspondent pas à des cytokératines mais à de nouvelles protéines spécifiques des étapes tardives du programme de différenciation de l'épithélium d'œsophage de rat. D'autre part, l'antigène ciblé dans l'épiderme humain a été identifié à un variant acide de la filaggrine, protéine jouant un rôle physiologique dans l'agrégation des filaments de kératines de l'épiderme. Ces formes acides sont générées in situ par modification post-traductionnelle des résidus arginine basiques en résidus citrulline par une enzyme, la peptidyl arginine déiminase, exprimée dans l'épiderme. Cette modification a pu être reproduite in vitro après action de la peptidyl-arginine déiminase (PAD) sur divers polypeptides dérivés de la séquence de la filaggrine et il a été ainsi montré que les épitopes reconnus par les auto-anticorps pouvaient être générés par la déimination post-traductionnelle des filaggrines.
Toutefois, la filaggrine n'étant pas exprimée dans les tissus osseux et synoviaux, nous avons recherché une cible articulaire de ces anticorps portant des épitopes déiminés et immunologiquement apparentée à la filaggrine. Ayant à disposition des tissus synoviaux provenant d'une série de patients, deux protéines, p55-61 et p64-78, portant toutes deux des résidus citrullines ont été extraites des membranes synoviales et reconnues spécifiquement par les sérums rhumatoïdes; ces protéines ont été identifiées aux chaînes a et b de la fibrine. Le fait que ces deux protéines ne soient ciblées par les sérums rhumatoïdes qu'après déimination par une PAD, soulignait soulignait le rôle émergent d'une « immunité anti-citrulline » reconnue aujourd'hui comme pouvant être à la base de certains dérèglements impliqués dans diverses maladies auto-immunes.
2- Le système ubiquitine-protéasome et ses implications dans le cancer :
Le protéasome est un complexe multicatalytique présent dans le cytoplasme et le noyau de toutes les cellules eucaryotes. Il constitue la machinerie protéolytique de la voie ubiquitine-protéasome, voie majeure responsable de la dégradation des protéines intracellulaires. Cette voie détermine la durée de vie et la concentration de nombreuses enzymes et protéines régulatrices dont beaucoup jouent un rôle dans les processus de cancérisation.
Afin de mieux connaître le fonctionnement de cette machinerie protéolytique, nous avons étudié les mécanismes moléculaires intervenant dans la régulation du protéasome 20S qui constitue le cœur catalytique du système. L'analyse protéomique du protéasome 20S préparé à partir de cellules humaines non pathologiques a permis l'identification de l'ensemble des sous-unités constitutives du protéasome 20S et a révélé l'existence de modifications post-traductionnelles de type phosphorylation. Deux nouvelles sous-unités phosphorylées , les sous-unités b2 et b7, ont pu être identifiées posant ainsi la question du rôle joué par ces phosphorylations dans la régulation fonctionnelle du protéasome 20S.
L'analyse similaire des protéasomes exprimés dans diverses lignées tumorales a révélé une complexité structurale importante avec en particulier la co-expression de deux formes de protéasomes : le protéasome dit standard et l'immunoprotéasome. L'étude fonctionnelle de ces protéasomes a montré une sensibilité différente de ces deux formes à certaines molécules de la chimiothèque de substances naturelles purifiées dans l'UMS de Chimie CNRS-Pierre Fabre. En accord avec ceci, l'analyse comparative des protéasomes présents dans les cellules normales comparées à ceux présents dans les cellules tumorales d'un même patient a confirmé la surexpression de l'immunoprotéasome dans les cellules cancéreuses. Le système ubiquitine-protéasome est un système cellulaire particulièrement sensible aux facteurs micro-environnementaux et l'induction de l'immunoprotéasome témoigne de ce processus. Dans ce contexte, nos résultats font émerger la question de l'impact de l'immunoprotéasome sur la dérégulation du système ubiquitine-protéasome dans la cellule tumorale. Afin de répondre à cette question, des lignées de lymphomes surexprimant l'immunoprotéasome ont été développées ainsi que des substrats peptidiques fluorescents spécifiques de l'immunoprotéasome ou du protéasome.
Outre une meilleure connaissance de cette machinerie protéolytique, la continuité de ce travail devrait aboutir à l'identification de nouveaux agents pharmacologiques anti-tumoraux. Enfin, il s'intègre pleinement dans la logique de l'UMR 2587 CNRS-Pierre Fabre en témoignant d'un effort de recherche focalisé sur des systèmes biologiques pouvant générer des cibles d'intérêt thérapeutique dans le domaine du cancer.
Bahlouli, Wafa. "Régulation de la perméabilité intestinale au cours du syndrome de l'intestin irritable : role du système ubiquitine-protéasome et impact de l'obésité." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR047.
Full textIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a multifactorial functional disorder, involving environmental factors (stress and diet for instance), gut-brain-axis dysfunction, micro-inflammation, dysbiosis and an alteration of intestinal permeability. The role of the proteasome in the regulation of the intestinal barrier during IBS has been studied. In addition, these intestinal functional disorders have also been described in patients with obesity. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying an association of intestinal functional disorders in the obesity context, remain poorly understood and have therefore been investigated in this thesis. In this study, "IBS-like" mouse models such as water avoidance stress (WAS) and the post-inflammatory (post-TNBS) models, were used to study the impact of proteasome inhibition on the regulation of intestinal permeability. We found that the pharmacological inhibition of the proteasome (with PR-957) or the use of knock-out mice for a subunit of the proteasome (β2i -/-) limit intestinal hyperpermeability occured in IBS-Like models. Moreover, we found that oral supplementation with glutamine also reduces intestinal hyperpermeability, wich, thus, can be considered as a putative nutritional treatment for IBS. A colonic proteomic study of WAS mice and a study of colonic ubiquitoma in IBS patients with diarrheal profiles confirmed the involvement of proteasome in the pathophysiology of IBS. Therefore, the link between obesity and IBS was examined by combining models of obesity (ob/ob genetic and high-fat diet [HFD] models) with WAS model. Only HFD mice displayed enhanced intestinal hyperpermeability and higher plasma corticosterone levels in response to WAS. Further studies suggest that these results, themselve, are independent of leptin, glycaemia and gut microbiota. This study paves new ways of treating patients suffering from IBS, by nutritional intervention via glutamine or by using the proteasome as a therapeutic target. We also suggest a role of diet (high fat) in the development of intestinal functional disorders during obesity
Gonzalez, Santamarta Maria. "Profilage de l'ubiquitylation des protéines dans les cellules résistantes au bortézomib : rôle des enzymes de ubiquitylation." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOU30014.
Full textDisruption of proteostasis is often the cause or consequence of pathologies, including haematological malignancies like Mantle Cell lymphoma (MCL). MCL is an aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma, with a poor rate of survival and frequent relapses after Bortezomib (BTZ) treatment. The two major intracellular degradation pathways, the Ubiquitin-proteasome (UPS) and autophagy-lysosome (ALS) systems, rely on Ubiquitin (Ub) to drive protein degradation acting as a single coordinated network. Using Ub traps (TUBEs) associated to mass spectrometry (MS) to compare the Ub proteome of the BTZ-resistant MCL cell line (ZBR) and its parental BTZ-sensitive counterpart (Z138), the hosting lab found Ub playing a major role in BTZ response/resistance and unveiled a molecular switch from UPS to ALS, describing proteaphagy as a hallmark of resistance. K63 Ub chains and other enzymes were also detected enriched in ZBR in this analysis. We hypothesized that this enrichment could predispose them to activate autophagy and signaling events implicated in MCL cell survival and BTZ resistance, being focused on the identification of mechanism and proteins directly involved. To explore this hypothesis, we used several experimental strategies including the isolation and identification of the Ub proteome, and the used of combinatorial chemical treatments. TRIM24, which is known to regulate the activity of the tumor suppressor p53, was found more enriched in ZBR cells at basal levels. TRIM24 stability is compromised differently after inhibition of the proteasome (BTZ) or autophagy using Bafilomycin A (BafA), in Z138 and ZBR cells suggesting a possible role in UPS-ALS crosstalk. We have used dTRIM24, a validated Proteolysis Targeting Chimeric (PROTAC) to target TRIM24 in our MCL model. Our results show that a combined dTRIM24/ZBR treatment reduces proteasome levels and promotes cooperative apoptotic effects in the ZBR cell line. Interestingly, a dTRIM24 treatment enhanced the formation of K48 and K63 chains and the Ub-associated fraction of p62 and proteasome subunits in ZBR cells. UBR proteins (UBR2, UBR4 and UBR5 found enriched in ZBR) are involved in the regulation of the N-end rule pathway, related to the ZZ domain of the autophagy receptor p62/SQSTM1 under proteotoxic stress conditions. Verteporfin (VTP), one of the most effective p62 inhibitors, strongly induces apoptosis in ZBR cells. However, since VTP also induces ROS (oxygen-containing reactive species), we used an inhibitor of the p62 ZZ domain (XRK3F2) to further explore the role of p62 and its impact on UBR enzymes. We found that XRK3F2 differently affects the stability of UBR enzymes in ZBR compared to Z138 cells. However, the viability of Z138 and ZBR cells was similar, suggesting that changes in protein levels of UBR enzymes are not associated to BTZ resistance and that VTP is a better treatment to enhance apoptosis in ZBR cells. To better understand the response to VTP in BTZ-resistant cells, we collaborated with Hybrigenics to characterise K48 and K63 Ub chain specific nanobodies (now commercialised by Nanotag)
Basu, Shrivastava Meenakshi. "Régulation de la stabilité de NFATc3 par SUMO et les E3 ubiquitine-ligases Trim39 et Trim17." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTT043.
Full textNFAT (Nuclear factor of activated T cells) transcription factors play important physiological roles in the development and function of many organs, notably in the immune system and nervous system. As a consequence, their dysregulation has been implicated in various human diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and auto-immune diseases. The regulation of NFAT activity by calcium-dependent nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling has been extensively studied. In contrast, the regulation of NFAT protein level by the ubiquitin-proteasome system is still poorly understood. However, NFATs are short-lived proteins and regulation of their stability is critical for controlling their activity.In a previous study, my group has shown that the E3 ubiquitin-ligase Trim17 binds NFATc3 but does not promote its ubiquitination and rather stabilizes it. Preliminary results suggested that Trim39, a partner of Trim17, might be an E3 ubiquitin-ligase for NFATc3 and that SUMOylation of NFATc3 might modulate its stability. Therefore, the goal of my PhD was to understand the mechanisms through which Trim39, Trim17, and SUMO regulate the stability of NFATc3.During my PhD, I have characterized Trim39 as an E3 ubiquitin-ligase of NFATc3. Indeed, my results indicate that overexpression of Trim39, but not its inactive mutant, induces the ubiquitination of NFATc3 in cells. In contrast, silencing of endogenous Trim39 decreases the ubiquitination level of NFATc3. Recombinant Trim39 directly induces the ubiquitination of NFATc3 in vitro. Moreover, overexpression of Trim39 decreases the protein levels of NFATc3 whereas the silencing of Trim39 increases it. I have also shown that Trim17, which can bind Trim39, inhibits Trim39-mediated ubiquitination of NFATc3, both in cells and in vitro. Trim17 acts by both reducing the intrinsic E3 ubiquitin-ligase activity of Trim39 and by preventing the interaction between NFATc3 and Trim39. Furthermore, I found that a SUMOylation-deficient mutant of NFATc3 is less ubiquitinated and more stable than the wild type NFATc3, suggesting that SUMOylation of NFATc3 is important for its ubiquitination and degradation. Importantly, I identified one SUMO interacting motif (SIM) in the sequence of Trim39 through which Trim39 binds SUMO2 polymers via one of these SIMs. Mutation of this SIM in Trim39 or SUMOylation consensus sites in NFATc3 decreased the interaction between Trim39 and NFATc3, and the ubiquitination of NFATc3 mediated by Trim39. These results strongly suggest that Trim39 binds and ubiquitinates preferentially the SUMOylated forms of NFATc3 and therefore acts as a SUMO-targeted E3 ubiquitin-ligase (STUbL) for NFATc3. Finally, we have measured the impact of these mechanisms on the physiological function of NFATc3. I first found that Trim39 decreases the transcriptional activity of NFATc3. Furthermore, using primary cultures of cerebellar granule neurons as a model, we have shown that the mutation of the SUMOylation sites of NFATc3 and silencing of endogenous Trim39 enhances neuronal apoptosis, probably by stabilizing the NFATc3 protein. Taken together, these data indicate that Trim39 modulates neuronal apoptosis by acting as a STUbL for NFATc3 and by controlling its stability
Ghouzali, Ibtissem. "Étude de la fonction de barrière intestinale au cours du syndrome de l'intestin irritable : impact du système ubiquitinine-protéasome et de la glutamine." Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUENR06.
Full textBegue, Gwénaëlle. "Balance protéique et phénotype musculaire." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON14003/document.
Full textThe maintain of muscle mass is closely controlled by protein synthesis and degradation balance. Physical activity and mainly resistance exercise is a powerful stimulus to positive muscle protein balance. To understand how protein balance is regulated after exercise, cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to muscular hypertrophy and/or atrophy have to be elucidated. Our works point out that FDP muscular hypertrophy after 10 weeks of resistance training in rat is partly due to the chronically activation of IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway, occurring in the activated satellite cell pool, after each single exercise bout. Once activated and engaged in the myogenic program, cells in which STAT1/STAT3 signaling pathway is activated, could downregulate MyoD and return to a quiescent state, leading to increase satellite cell reserve's pool. These events participate to enhance protein synthesis by the incorporation of new genetic material into muscle fiber leading to increase their cross sectional area and phenotypic shift after training. As resistance exercise increases proteolysis, our works attempt to characterize the proteolysis systems (lysosomal-autophagic, ubiquitin-proteasome) involved in protein balance after exercise. The molecular markers measured ( chymotrypsin-like and cathepsin L activities, protein and gene expressions of LC3B, E3 ligases…) could not explain the +30% of proteolysis obtained one hour after resistance eccentric contractions on EDL muscle of starved rats. Further studies based on calpains, caspases and metalloproteinase activities and/or expressions should bring us valuable information
Biquand, Elise. "Delineating the interplay between the PB2 protein of influenza A viruses and the host Ubiquitin Proteasome System." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC258/document.
Full textAn estimated 10%-20% of the world's population is affected each year by seasonal epidemic influenza, causing about 250,000 to 500,000 fatal cases. The pandemic risk reinforces the trait of influenza A virus (IAV) infection as a public health issue. The virus life cycle critically relies on its ability to manipulate the host proteome. Besides, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is involved in many regulatory processes in mammalian cells by inducing protein degradation, mediating protein activation or shaping their sub-cellular localisation. Therefore, UPS is a prime target hijacked by viruses. Recent evidence indicates that an intricate regulatory network involving viral proteins and the cellular UPS is likely to contribute to viral replication and immune evasion of influenza A viruses. However, usurpation of the host UPS by IAV is far from being comprehensively deciphered. To gain better understanding, we assessed the interplay between the human UPS and the PB2 subunit of the influenza A virus polymerase through a global proteomic profiling approach. For that purpose, an UPS-dedicated library of 590 human cDNAs, comprising 63% of the whole human UPS, was constituted and characterised. In an initial screen, UPS factors were challenged using a high-throughput split luciferase assay for interaction with the PB2 protein from 5 influenza A strains of different pathogenicity in human. A total of 80 UPS factors emerged as potential PB2 partners, of which 42 were validated as high-confidence PB2 partners for at least one of the strains. Further comparison of interaction profiles of the 5 PB2 with the UPS by hierarchical clustering revealed an interaction dendrogram fitting with the circulation time in the human population.Functional importance of interactors was tested by siRNA-mediated knock down experiments using luciferase tagged recombinant IAV viruses. Depletion of 36 out of the 42 tested UPS factors showed an effect on the infection with all or a subset of IAV strains, underlying the strong functional output of the developed methodology. Among these factors three deubiquitinases (DUBs) were further studied to decipher their involvement in IAV viral cycle. We have shown that they are involved in early and late stage of the infection and began to draw their function in viral cycle. We demonstrated with our colleagues in Hong-Kong that OTUB1 is involved in the host cytokine response and most probably in virus assembly. OTUD6A was also shown to be implicated in late stages of the infection but we still don't know its exact role. Contrariwise, the inactive DUB PAN2, which is part of poly-deadenylation complexes, is implicated in early phase of IAV infection, but surprisingly apparently not through viral mRNA regulation. More work is on-going to precise by which mechanisms these DUBs are implicated in IAV infection
Wattin, Marion. "Modulation des mécanismes de Contrôle Qualité des Protéines dans la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1323/document.
Full textVarious studies have highlighted the importance of Protein Quality Control (PQC), including protein refolding (molecular chaperones) and degradation (autophagy, proteasome) mechanisms in inherited muscle disorders such as Ullrich Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (UCMD), Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) or Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy (EDMD); however, to date, no extensive study has been conducted on these mechanisms in a same model, in muscle cells before muscle differentiation. Thus, we were interested in PQC mechanisms functionality and their interconnection in human immortalized myoblasts from healthy donors or patients suffering from DMD. We observed an increase of protein aggregation in DMD cells. This phenomenon is accompanied by a deregulation of sequestration mechanisms by molecular chaperones, reflected by the modulation of HSPB5 and HSPB8 expression. Degradation mechanisms are also deregulated; indeed, we observed on one hand a decrease of proteasome enzymatic activity and multiubiquitinated proteins UPS-adressing molecules and on the other hand, an increase of NF?B transcription factor’s activity, involved in autophagy, and of BAG3/HSPB8 complexes, leading to an increase of the autophagic flux. These PQC defects reflect the existence of a protein aggregation stress in myoblasts coming from DMD patients. In this context, pharmacological modulation of PQC in these cells could represent a new therapeutic strategy for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Samba, Louaka Ascel Régis. "Détermination de la voie de signalisation cellulaire eucaryote détournée par la protéine bactérienne Cif." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/614/.
Full textThe cycle inhibiting factor (Cif) belongs to a family of bacterial toxins, the cyclomodulins, that deregulate the host cell cycle. Upon injection into the host cell by pathogenic Escherichia coli, Cif inhibits G2/M transition via sustained inhibition of the mitosis inducer CDK1. I show that Cif induces not only G2 but also G1 cell cycle arrest depending on the stage of cells in the cell cycle during the infection. Those arrests were associated with stabilization of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p21waf1 and p27kip1. CDKs complexes promote of the cell cycle transitions at both G1/S and G2/M. We recently demonstrated that functional Cif homologs are present in human pathogenic bacterial strains such as Burkholderia pseudomallei, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Photorhabdus asymbiotica and in symbiotic (for nematode) pathogenic (for insect) bacteria Photorhabdus luminescens. Those proteins, that share similar structures and catalytic sites, belong to the superfamily of enzymes including cystein proteases and acetyltransferases. Although the link between the activity and the cell cycle arrest remain to established, Cif proteins form a growing family of cyclomodulins that interact with very distinct hosts including insects, nematodes and humans. .
Remigi, Philippe. "Évolution et fonction de la famille d'effecteurs de type III gala de la bactérie phytopathogène ralstonia solanacearum." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1585/.
Full textThe plant pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum possesses a large repertoire of type III effectors, among which a family of seven proteins called GALAs. GALAs are collectively required for the virulence of R. Solanacearum on different host plants. Interestingly, GALAs are homologous to plant F-box proteins which are involved in the eukaryotic ubiquitine-proteasome system. Thus GALAs could enable R. Solanacearum to manipulate the stability of some plant proteins during infection. Through this work, we demonstrated that the GALA family members underwent functional divergence during evolution. Integrating bioinformatics studies along with experimental data, we showed that GALA proteins display functional specificities and show differential requirement for pathogenicity on different hosts. This functional divergence likely contributed to the remarkable conservation of the GALA family among R. Solanacearum strains. We then analyzed more specifically the virulence function of GALA7 which had been shown to be a host specificity factor on Medicago truncatula. A structure-function analysis was initiated in order to identify the amino-acids which are required for GALA7 function during infection. Using transgenic plants expressing GALA7, we showed that this effector is probably an active E3-ubiquitine ligase enzyme within plant cells. Finally, using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified several putative GALA interactors. Our work thus provides new insights into the selective forces driving the evolution of type III effectors and contributes to a better understanding of GALA functions during infection
Vermaelen, Marianne. "Implication des systèmes ubiquitine-protéasome et calpaïne dans les phases initiales de l'atrophie musculaire : ciblage des protéines selon la fraction cellulaire." Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON1T026.
Full textVan, Melderen Laurence. "Analyse du rôle régulateur de la protéase Lon dans l'activation du système ccd de mort programmée bactérienne." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212563.
Full textAbou-Ghorrah, Sayah. "Étude du système protéolytique de streptococcus thermophilus : purification et caractérisation d'une protéase exocellulaire de la souche CNRZ 302." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10024.
Full textDautin, Nathalie. "L'adénylcyclase de Bordetella pertussis comme outil génétique chez Escherichia coli : élaboration d'un système génétique de criblage d'activités protéolytiques et application à l'étude de la protéase du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077032.
Full textGuzzo, Jean. "La protéase alcaline de Pseudomonas aeruginosa : clonage du gène de structure et étude du système de sécrétion de secrétion." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX22066.
Full textLe, Goff Arnaud. "Systèmes protéolytiques ciblant la protéine multi-adaptatrice GAB1 dans la régulation de la signalisation HGF/SF-MET." Thesis, Lille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL2S026.
Full textThe docking protein GAB1 (GRB2-associated binder-1) is essential for transmitting signals and biological responses of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase activated by its ligand, HGF/SF (Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factor), and plays a positive role in many other cell signaling pathways. Its major involvement in HGF/SF-MET signaling can be explained by the fact that GAB1 is a direct partner of MET, in particular through a specific interaction domain with the C-terminus of MET, while GAB1 is an indirect molecular player for other receptors, including some of them with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity.During my thesis work, we have documented through RNA interference-mediated extinction of GAB1 expression in various cell types, its crucial role in HGF/SF-MET signaling, both for the induction of Ras/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways. These results are consistent with other data supporting the conclusion that GAB1 amplifies HGF/SF-MET signaling. In an original way, we have shown that GAB1 also plays an important role in conditions leading to the inactivation of HGF/SF-MET signaling. First, we demonstrated that, following its activation by HGF/SF, MET receptor induces GAB1 ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation and that this process is actively involved in the down-regulation of Ras/ERK pathway downstream of MET. Furthermore, in line with our previous demonstrations that the MET receptor is a functional target of caspases, we established that GAB1 is also degraded and cleaved by caspases in response to stress. Under mild stress conditions, caspase-dependent cleavages of GAB1 lead to the generation of a stable fragment, p35-GAB1, containing the MET binding domain and exhibiting anti-apoptotic functions due to its ability to maintain activation of the PI3K/Akt survival pathway. In case of extreme or prolonged stress, it is possible that p35-GAB1 shows a pro-apoptotic activity. We have therefore highlighted that GAB1 plays a key role in HGF/SF-MET signaling for both transmit and feedback regulate signal transduction, depending on cellular context.Finally, it is clear that HGF/SF-MET signaling plays an essential physiological role and its deregulation is associated with tumor progression and metastasis of many cancers. According to our demonstration of the major contribution of GAB1 in all aspects of HGF/SF-MET signaling, it is possible that GAB1 may contribute to MET receptor activation-dependent tumorigenesis and thus, represent a target of interest for new anti-cancer therapeutic approaches
Sikdar, Sohely. "Evaluation des effets du sulforaphane, de ses dérivés de synthèse et de l’acide α-lipoïque sur plusieurs systèmes de détoxification de modèles expérimentaux du vieillissement cellulaire cutané." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/258253/4/TM.pdf.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Pharmacie)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Awussi, Ahoefa Ablavi. "Caractérisation génétique et biochimique du système protéolytique de Streptococcus thermophilus : étude de la variabilité des systèmes de transport d’oligopeptides ; caractérisation des phénomènes d’ancrage, de maturation et de libération de la protéase PrtS ; production de peptides bioactifs à partir de caséines bovines." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0099/document.
Full textWe are interested in the production of bioactive peptides in fermented milk by the lactic acid bacterium Streptococcus thermophilus. For this, it requires that the bacterium internalize them as few as possible during its growth. Therefore, it was important to characterize the proteolytic system of S. thermophilus. First, phylogenetic relationships linking 30 S. thermophilus strains have been searched by MLST. Secondly, an ABC-type transport system which seems to be functional was identified in the LMD-9 strain and named OTS. A study of the variability of Ami and OTS transport systems of the 30 strains of S. thermophilus was performed. Finally, the hydrolysis of caseins by proteinase PrtS of S. thermophilus was studied. This proteinase usually anchored to the wall of the bacterium was also found in a free form in strain 4F44. The protein sequence of PrtS4F44, different from the one of PrtS in the LMD-9 strain (PrtSLMD-9), is not the cause of the partial release of PrtS4F44. Sortase A, the actor of the anchoring of PrtS to the wall of the bacteria, presents different alleles between the strain 4F44 (srtA4F44) and the LMD-9 strain (srtALMD-9). Indeed, PrtSLMD-9 is released when srtALMD-9 is replaced by srtA4F44 in the strain LMD-9 showing that SrtA4F44 is deficient, causing consequently a default of PrtS4F44 anchoring and its partial release into the extracellular medium. Additionally, hydrolysis of bovine caseinates was performed using the free form PrtS4F44 and allowed the production of bioactive peptides that can be used for the functionalization of fermented dairy products
Beguier, Fanny. "La sérine protéase HTRA1 et l'inflammation sous-rétinienne dans le contexte de la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l'âge." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS008/document.
Full textLocalized between the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) and the photoreceptors outer segments, the subretinal space is an immunosuppressive zone, mediated by signals such as Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), Fas Ligand (FasL) that prevent the accumulation of Mononuclear Phagocytes (MPs) and in particular pathogenic inflammatory monocytes. Age related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is associated with a breakdown of this immunosuppressivity and an accumulation of MPs, which causes photoreceptor degeneration, RPE dedifferentiation and pathological neovascularization. Genome association studies showed a strong link between AMD and a relatively common haplotype of 10q26 locus that contains the PLEKHA1, ARMS2 and HTRA1 genes. The disease haplotype is associated with increased HTRA1 transcription in cell types such as lymphocytes and RPE cells. HTRA1 is a serine protease with a number of substrates, but the mechanism by which it might be involved in AMD pathogenesis is unknown. TSP-1 is a glycoprotein expressed by RPE, resident macrophages and inflammatory macrophages. The C-terminal domain of TSP-1 contains two VVM sequences that can each interact with a CD47 receptor. We show that HTRA1 induced subretinal MP accumulation is dependent on TSP-1 deactivation in an RPE/Mo co-culture model and in a laser induced inflammation model in vivo. This pathogenic effect of HTRA1 was reversible by synthetic CD47 agonists. Our study reveals a comprehensive mechanism how the risk-allele 10q26 participates in the pathogenesis of AMD and opens new therapeutic avenues to restore subretinal immunosuppressivity and inhibit the inflammation-dependent neurodegeneration
Colin, Béatrice. "Développement d’un système rapporteur générique sensible, au double mode de lecture BRET/HCS, pour l’étude du suivi de gènes rapporteurs, de l’activité de protéase virale et des interactions protéine-protéine." Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S050.
Full textSeveral reporter systems have been developed in order to support fundamental scientific projects, from gene promoter regulation study, signaling pathway activation, or protein/protein interaction monitoring.In order to enhance the sensitivity of a protease assay, we developed a new reporter system allowing signal amplification by optimizing a system based on the use of a hyperactive relay enzyme from Tobacco Etch Virus (TEV protease). The signal is detected by two methods compatible with high-throughput and leads to an ON/OFF signal. The Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) allows us to measure a signal at basal state, which will decrease upon cleavage of the probe by the protease. High Content Screening (HCS) Microscopy also allows the differentiation between positive and negative cells by a simple shift in the fluorescence acceptor location of the probe used in energy transfer, from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of the cells.The high sensitivity of our approach now leads us to validate its use in a more generic way. This is why the project aimed at the optimization of the BRET probe at the origin of the test, by performing a serie of amino acid deletions at the N-terminus of the energy donor and the C-terminus of the energy acceptor to find the best probe in order to obtain the best energy transfer. The HCS contrast between the two states was aslo increased by testing different nuclear localization sequences. With this new probe, we tried to adapt the system to several fields of application like i) a viral infection test using the HCV protease as a proof of concept but also ii) the expression of a reporter gene with the TGR5, a G-coupled protein receptor as model and iii) the detection of protein-protein interactions. To demonstrate this concept, we used the well know interaction between FRB and FKBP12 proteins, induced by rapamycine. Results from this project will lead to the development of a new reporter system, auto-amplified and usable in a generic way, which a very high sensitivity is necessary
Breiman, Adrien. "La protéase NS3/4A du virus de l' hépatite C : utilisation pour la mise au point d' un système d' identification des cellules infectées et interférence avec les voies d' induction d' interféron dépendantes de TRIF et RIG-I." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066384.
Full textLecomte, Xavier. "Contribution de protéases pariétales dans l'activité des systémes protéolytiques de surface de Lactobacillus helveticus et streptococcus thermophilus en matrice laitière." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0271/document.
Full textDairy products (cheeses, yoghurt, fermented milk…) represent 10% of our food. These products are appreciated thanks to their flavor, their texture and their health benefits. These characteristics are due to various compounds like peptides which come from the cutting of milk protein by enzymes. These enzymes come from the milk, are added during the fabrication or come from bacteria. To understand and to master the dairy products fabrication is essential to develop the food of tomorrow. The fabrication of fermented dairy products as cheese begins with the cutting or proteolysis of caseins, the major milk proteins, thanks to enzymes called proteinases. Some of them are attached at the surface of lactic acid bacteria which are used at the beginning of the cheese fabrication, as Streptococcus thermophilus or Lactobacillus helveticus. S. thermophilus possess one cell envelop proteinase, PrtS, already well-studied unlike L. helveticus which possess four cell envelop proteinases, PrtH, PrtH2, PrtH3 and PrtH4, which were not studied separately yet. The aim of this thesis work is to better understand the proteolytic properties of L. helveticus and S. thermophilus and identify how their proteinases adjust the hydrolysis profile of caseins in a dairy matrix.Two strategies were selected: to express one of the proteinases of L. helveticus in S. thermophilus to study it independently from the others and study each proteinase in strains which only express one proteinase gene
Viargues, Perrine. "L'ubiquitination et le trafic endocytaire régulent la réponse immunitaire de la drosophile." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENV040/document.
Full textThe innate immune system relies on the recognition of “non-self” and on the activation of adapted responses, among which NF-κB signaling pathways play a crucial role. These pathways are tightly regulated, in order to prevent an excessive and sustained immune response, responsible for several pathologies, such as autoimmune and pro-inflammatory diseases. During my PhD thesis, I elucidated some Drosophila regulatory mechanisms of NF-κB pathways, Toll and IMD, which rely on protein ubiquitination and their subsequent degradation by the endocytic pathway or proteasome. Reversible ubiquitination of proteins is a post-translational modification, regulating their activity, their stability and the subcellular localization. In particular, ubiquitination of membrane receptors could trigger their internalization and their subsequent lysosomal degradation. In Drosophila, the PGRP-LC receptor specifically recognizes diaminopimelic acid containing peptidoglycan (PGN) and induces the IMD signaling pathway. I proved that PGRP-LC receptor is ubiquitinated, internalized and degraded by the endocytic pathway. In this process, I identified the major role of the USP8 deubiquitinating enzyme, which controls the degradation of ubiquitinated PGRP-LC. Besides, I showed that the IMD stimulation by PGN enhances the PGRP-LC internalization and its degradation, ensuring receptors elimination once the IMD pathway has been activated. Moreover, I took part to studies, aiming to understand the role of USP2, USP34 and USP36, previously selected by the team as negative regulators of the IMD and/or Toll pathways. In particular, my results showed that USP2 principally acts at the Imd level, allowing for the hydrolysis of its K48 poly-ubiquitin chains and its proteasomal degradation. Finally, I observed that USP2 also interacts with PGRP-LC and favors the hydrolysis of PGRP-LC associated K48 chains, whereas the degradation of K48 poly-ubiquitinated PGRP-LC is independent from the proteasome, but rather depends on the Hrs and Rab5 endocytic proteins and on the USP8 deubiquitinating enzyme
Henriques, Gabriela. "Towards the understanding of the function and regulation of a membrane protein complex involving SppA and YteJ in Bacillus subtilis." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS191.
Full textWe have identified a membrane protein complex of Bacillus subtilis involving an unknown protein, YteJ, and SppA, a membrane protein first described as a signal peptide peptidase and later shown to be also involved in the resistance to antibacterial peptides of the lantibiotic family. Using deletion mutant strains, we showed that both proteins are involved in this resistance. In the ΔsppA strain, the ectopic overexpression of SppA not only restored the resistance, it also induced the formation of elongated cells, a phenotype suppressed by the simultaneous overexpression of YteJ. Furthermore, the expression of truncated versions of YteJ pinpointed the inhibitory role of a specific domain of YteJ. Finally, in vitro biochemical studies showed that SppA protease activity was strongly reduced by the presence of YteJ, supporting the hypothesis of an inhibition by YteJ. Our in vivo and in vitro studies showed that YteJ, via one of its domain, acts as a negative regulator of the protease activity of SppA in this complex. In conclusion, we have shown that SppA/YteJ complex is involved in lantibiotic resistance through the protease activity of SppA, which is regulated by YteJ
Coulombe, Philippe. "Régulation de la MAPK atypique ERK3 par le système ubiquitine-protéasome." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15589.
Full textSen, Nkwe Dibondo Nadine. "Rôle du système ubiquitine protéasome dans les séparations de phase nucléaires." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25273.
Full textThe ubiquitin-proteasome system represents a major cell-signaling platform in eukaryotes and plays a pivotal role in the coordination of cellular processes. Recent studies provided evidence that ubiquitination plays a role in liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), a process that results in the localization of highly increased levels of a protein in a defined subcellular compartment, in order to achieve a biological function. Indeed, ubiquitination has been shown to play a central role in the mechanisms that govern LLPS and subsequent formation of stress granules in the cytoplasm or the DNA repair foci in the nucleus. On the other hand, several studies have shown that the proteasome itself is able to form granules in the cytoplasm following metabolic stress in yeasts. However, the mechanisms by which the ubiquitin-proteasome system and its regulators control LLPS processes remain to be determined. In the first study of this thesis, we investigated the mechanism of action of USP16 deubiquitinase, which has been suggested as a negative regulator of LLPS preventing the formation of DNA damage repair foci. However, our results demonstrate that USP16 is predominantly cytoplasmic and that only enforced nuclear entry of USP16 prevents the formation of repair foci after double strand breaks induced by ionizing radiation, and this by promoting the deubiquitination of histone H2A. In addition, no nuclear translocation of USP16 was observed during cell cycle or following DNA damage. Our study shows that USP16 is actively excluded from the nucleus via its nuclear export signal and would indirectly regulate LLPS that lead to DNA repair foci. In the second study, we describe the dynamic behavior of proteasome proteins during metabolic stress, a process that involves LLPS. Our results indicate that the proteasome forms distinct foci in the nucleus of human cells in response to nutrients deprivation. We found that these foci are enriched with conjugated ubiquitin and demonstrated that the ubiquitin receptor Rad23B as well as the absence of nonessential amino acids are the key elements necessary for the assembly of these proteasome foci. In addition, cell survival experiments show that the presence of these foci is associated with cell death by apoptosis. In conclusion, our work has shed new light on the importance of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in the formation and regulation of cell foci following LLPS. Likewise, this vi study will also help deepen our understanding of the mechanisms leading to protein homeostasis, cell survival and cancer development.
Mathien, Simon. "Identification des composantes du système ubiquitine-protéasome régulant la stabilité de la MAPK atypique ERK3." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19315.
Full textMenggad, Saad. "Investigation du système ubiquitine protéasome et découverte de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques anti-cancer surpassant la résistance acquise au bortézomib." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22268.
Full textRouette, Alexandre. "L’immunoprotéasome : régulateur de transcription et promoteur de survie cellulaire." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18532.
Full textBy regulating protein degradation, constitutive proteasomes (CP) control practically all cellular functions. In addition to CP, vertebrates express immunoproteasomes (IP), which display distinct substrate preferences. The first non-redundant role ascribed to IP is its enhanced ability to generate MHC I-associated antigens. However, deletion or inhibition of IP subunits can affect several immune cell functions independently of MHC-I antigen generation. Moreover, recent work has shown that IP can be expressed in non-immune cells to deal with cell stress. Thus, we wished to investigate the roles of IP that are not related to antigen generation and that are not redundant with the CP. Based on profiling of WT and IP-deficient maturing mouse dendritic cells (DCs), we report that IP regulate the expression of more than 8,000 transcripts. The broad impact of IP on gene expression is cell-autonomous, mediated mainly at the transcriptional level, and involves major signaling pathways including IRFs, NF-kB and STATs. Moreover, even when engineered to present optimal amounts of antigenic peptides, IP-deficient DCs are inefficient for in vivo T-cell priming. In addition, consistent with the fact that cancer cells endure proteotoxic stress, we report that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells from patients express high levels of IP genes. Expression of IP genes in AML is a cell-autonomous and IFN-independent feature that correlates with the methylation status of IP genes, and is particularly high in AML with a monocytic phenotype and/or MLL rearrangement. Notably, IP inhibition leads to accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins and cell death in IPhigh but not IPlow AML cells. Co-clustering analysis reveals that genes correlated with IP subunits in monocytic AMLs are primarily implicated in cell metabolism and proliferation, mitochondrial activity and stress responses. Overall, our studies show that the role of IP is not limited to antigen processing and reveals major non-redundant roles for IP in transcription regulation and resistance to cell stress in AML.
Binette, Julie. "Analyse du mécanisme de la dégradation du récepteur CD4 par la protéine Vpu du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine-1 (VIH-1)." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3714.
Full textHIV-1 has developed many mechanisms leading to the down-regulation of its cellular receptor, the CD4 molecule, in order to increase the release of infectious viral particles and to inhibit superinfection of the target cell. One of these mechanisms is the HIV-1 Vpu-mediated degradation of newly synthesized CD4 at the level of endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Vpu must interact with CD4 and recruit the cellular ubiquitin ligase SCFβ-TrCP, via its binding to β-TrCP, in order to induce CD4 degradation. Because CD4 has to be retained in the ER to allow Vpu to induce its degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system, it has been suggested that this process involves a mechanism reminiscent of a cellular degradation pathway involved in the proteolysis of unfolded proteins called ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation). The ERAD degradation usually involves the dislocation of proteins from the ER to the cytoplasm in order to induce their poly-ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. We demonstrated that Vpu induces the poly-ubiquitination of CD4 in human cells. Our results also suggest that CD4 has to be dislocated in order to be degraded by the proteasome in presence of Vpu. Furthermore, the expression of a transdominant negative mutant of the ATPase p97, that is involved in the dislocation of ERAD substrates, inhibits completely the Vpu-mediated CD4 degradation process. Finally, our results demonstrated that the ubiquitination of putative ubiquitin acceptor residues (lysines) in the cytosolic tail of CD4 is not essential but the mutation of these lysines slowed down the process of CD4 degradation induced by Vpu. This results suggests that ubiquitination of CD4 cytosolic tail could represent an important step during Vpu-mediated CD4 degradation. Ubiquitin is usually attached on lysine residues in the targetted protein. However, the ubiquitination on non-lysine residues (S, T and C) has also been demonstrated. We demonstrated that the mutation of all cytosolic potential ubiquitination sites (K, C, S and T) of CD4 abolishes Vpu-mediated degradation. In addition, the presence of cysteines in the cytosolic tail of CD4 appeared sufficient to render CD4 sensitive to Vpu in absence of lysine, serine or threonine. In order to explain these results, we propose a model in which CD4 cytosolic tail ubiquitination is necessary for its degradation and where ubiquitination sites are selected non specifically by the ubiquitin ligase recruited by Vpu. Finally, we observed that co-expression of a phosphorylation mutant of Vpu unable to interact with β-TrCP (Vpu S52,56/D) appears to stabilize ER-retained CD4 molecules. In addition, other Vpu mutants seem able to recruit β-TrCP and CD4 without inducing CD4 degradation. These results suggest that Vpu association with CD4 and β-TrCP is essential but not sufficient for CD4 degradation. Consequently, these results raised the possibility that other cellular factors could be recruited by Vpu in order to induce CD4 degradation. The results presented here allowed us to better define the mechanism underlying Vpu-mediated CD4 degradation. In addition, these results allowed us to elaborate a model in which the ubiquitin ligase SCFβ-TrCP show some flexibility in the choice of ubiquitination sites in order to induce CD4 degradation. Finally, theses studies shed a new light on the role of Vpu in the CD4 degradation process because our results suggest that Vpu could recruit, in addition of β-TrCP, other cellular partners in order to induce CD4 degradation.
de, Verteuil Danielle Angeline. "L’immunoprotéasome : producteur de peptides-CMH I et régulateur de l’expression génique." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10887.
Full textThe ubiquitin-proteasome system is the major mechanism by which intracellular proteins get degraded. Constitutive proteasomes (CPs) are thus essential for cellular homeostasis but also to regulate the majority of important cellular processes. However, the discovery of a second type of proteasome, named immunoproteasome (IP), raises new questions. Why are there more than one type of proteasome? Does the IP perform redundant or complementary roles with the CP? The IP is predominantly expressed in immune or cytokine-stimulated cells and several groups worked at defining its role during the immune response. Yet, the implication of its constitutive homolog in a variety of processes suggests that the IP may also have a much broader impact. The objective was to characterize cellular roles of the IP in dendritic cells. We first studied the global impact of the IP on class I antigen presentation. We discovered that the IP drastically increases the number and the diversity of peptide presented by class I major histocompatibility complexes. Cleavage differences between the CP and the IP are likely part of the explanation for this peptide repertoire diversity, notably due to IP’s apparent affinity for unstructured protein regions. Second, we discovered a new role for the IP in a process unrestricted to the immune system: transcription. We found that the IP affects transcript abundance mostly at the level of mRNA synthesis. The impact of IPs on the transcriptome is major and would be partly based on a different degradation of IRF, STAT and NF-kB transcription factor family members by the two types of proteasomes. IP-deficient dendritic cells are less potent activators of CD8+ T cells and we believe that this defect is at least partly caused by the transcriptome alterations induced by the absence of IPs. It is therefore important to understand the different molecular roles of the IP in order to better define its global contribution to cellular functions and to understand the evolutionary advantage, at the level of the organism, brought by such plasticity of the ubiquitin- proteasome system.
Ashton-Beaucage, Dariel. "Identification et étude de mécanismes régulant l’expression de MAPK." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13523.
Full textLes modèles classiques de signalisation cellulaire eucaryotes sont généralement organisés en voies linéaires et hiérarchiques, impliquant un ensemble de facteurs restreint. Ces facteurs forment un circuit isolé qui transmet une information externe vers sa destination, d’où une réponse cellulaire sera alors engendrée. Or, ces modèles sont justement le fruit d’approches expérimentales réductionnistes qui ne permettent pas d’intégrer aisément la contribution de facteurs multiples, ni de faire une évaluation quantitative de l’apport des composantes du système. Le développement de techniques d’investigation plus holistiques, telles la génomique fonctionnelle et la protéomique, permettent d’examiner de manière systématique et quantitative l’apport d’ensembles larges de facteurs et de les mettre en relation avec d’autres systèmes cellulaires. Il y aurait donc lieu de réévaluer le modèle de voie de signalisation linéaire au profit d’un modèle de réseau de signalisation multiparamétrique, comportant plusieurs branches d’entrée et sortie de signal interagissant avec d’autres systèmes cellulaires. Cet ouvrage porte sur la voie RAS/MAPK, l’un des principaux axes de signalisation associé à la prolifération et la différenciation cellulaires. Le sujet y est d’abord abordé sous l’angle d’une perspective historique, en mettant l’emphase sur les contributions des études de génétique classique chez les organismes modèles D. melanogaster et C. elegans. Il fait ensuite état du développement du criblage par ARNi pan-génomique dans ces deux modèles en le comparant aux approches de criblage génétique classique. Le corps de l’ouvrage décrit ensuite les résultats expérimentaux d’une campagne de criblage par ARNi visant à dresser une carte globale des régulateurs de la voie chez la drosophile. Trois groupes de régulateurs identifiés dans ce crible ont été caractérisés de manière plus détaillée. Dans un premier article, nous démontrons que les composantes du complexe EJC ont un impact sur l’épissage de mapk; une découverte doublement intéressante puisque l’EJC était jusqu’alors associé qu’à la régulation post-épissage des ARNm. Une seconde publication fait état de l’ensemble des résultats du crible ARNi, mettant l’emphase sur un ensemble de facteurs d’épissage qui modulent également mapk. Nous y montrons que l’impact de ces facteurs sur l’épissage alternatif est différent de celui de l’EJC, suggérant ainsi deux modes de régulation distincts. Finalement, dans un troisième manuscrit, nous nous attardons au rôle d’Usp47, une déubiquitinase qui, contrairement aux autres facteurs identifiés dans le crible, régule l’expression de MAPK de manière post-traductionnelle. Nous y détaillons une stratégie de criblage d’interaction génétique par ARNi visant à identifier des facteurs reliés fonctionnellement à Usp47. Ce second crible a permis l’identification de trois facteurs reliés au « N-end rule », un mécanisme de dégradation des protéines caractérisé par la reconnaissance des résidus N-terminaux de protéines ou peptides. Il existait jusqu’alors très peu de données quant à la régulation de l’expression des composantes de la voie MAPK, ce qui rend la description d’un large réseau de régulateurs agissant sur l’expression de MAPK d’autant plus insoupçonnée. L’absence d’un réseau équivalent rattaché aux autres composantes de la voie laisse supposer que MAPK serait un noeud servant de point d’entrée à ce type de régulation dans le système RAS/MAPK. De plus, nos travaux témoignent de la capacité de la génomique fonctionnelle à mettre en relation différents systèmes cellulaires de manière plus globale et à quantifier les liens établis entre eux.
The classical model of eukaryotic cellular signalling generally involves hierarchically organized linear pathways involving a restricted set of elements. These generally function together as an insulated circuit, transmitting information from the outside to the intracellular compartment involved in eliciting a response. These models, often the fruit of reductionist experimental approaches, do not allow for the integration of multiple inputs nor for a gradation of responses. The recent emergence of more holistic investigation techniques has brought about the re-evaluation of these classical models in favor of multiparametric signalling networks. This thesis focuses on the RAS/MAPK pathway, one of the cell’s main proliferation and differentiation signalling conduits, beginning with a historical perspective covering the contributions of model organism genetics to the current pathway model. This provides context for the description of a whole-genome RNAi screen experiment that we carried out to obtain a global view of regulators in Drosophila. Three groups of factors emerging from this screen were then examined in more detail. A first article shows that the exon junction complex (EJC) plays a role in mapk alternative splicing, an observation that is unexpected given that this complex was not previously known to act on splicing. A second paper details the genome wide screening campaign and focuses on a large set of splicing factors that also regulate mapk, albeit in a distinct manner than the EJC’s. Finally, a manuscript in a third segment examines Usp47 function and finds it to control MAPK levels post-translationally. An RNAi-based genetic interaction screen is then used to identify factors functionally related to Usp47 capable of counteracting its impact on MAPK levels. Three such factors identified through this technique are linked to the N-end rule protein degradation pathway. Regulation of core pathway component expression is a poorly described process, which makes the identification of a large set of factors regulating MAPK expression all the more unusual. Moreover, the absence of such regulation linked to other pathway components suggests that MAPK may act as a node incorporating inputs of this type into RAS/MAPK signaling dynamics.