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Academic literature on the topic 'Système proie-prédateur'
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Journal articles on the topic "Système proie-prédateur"
Micheli, Giuseppe A. "Cycles post-transitionnels et modèles proie-prédateur." Articles 17, no. 2 (October 24, 2008): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/600637ar.
Full textHamdous, Saliha, Luigi Manca, and Hisao Fujita Yashima. "Mesure invariante pour le système d'équations stochastiques du modèle de proie-prédateur avec diffusion spatiale." Rendiconti del Seminario Matematico della Università di Padova 124 (2010): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4171/rsmup/124-4.
Full textPont, D., R. Chappaz, G. Brun, and A. Champeau. "Interactions zooplancton-poissons dans une retenue oligotrophe de mise en eau récente (Ste-Croix, Provence, France)." Revue des sciences de l'eau 2, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 777–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705054ar.
Full textAuger, Pierre, Abderrahim El Abdllaoui, and Rachid Mchich. "Méthode d'agrégation des variables appliquée à la dynamique des populations." Revue Africaine de la Recherche en Informatique et Mathématiques Appliquées Volume 5, Special Issue TAM... (October 4, 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.46298/arima.1852.
Full textCamara, Baba I., and Moulay A. Aziz Alaoui. "Complexity in a prey-predator model." Revue Africaine de la Recherche en Informatique et Mathématiques Appliquées Volume 9, 2007 Conference in... (August 28, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.46298/arima.1894.
Full textLobry, Claude, and Tewfik Sari. "Migrations in the Rosenzweig-MacArthur model and the "atto-fox" problem." Revue Africaine de la Recherche en Informatique et Mathématiques Appliquées Volume 20 - 2015 - Special... (November 8, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.46298/arima.1990.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Système proie-prédateur"
Gallet, Romain. "Approche écologique et évolutuve du système proie-prédateur Pseudomonas fluorescens-Bdellovibrio bacteriovarus." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066174.
Full textDeroulers, Paul. "Étude des interactions trophiques entre les communautés de carabes et de graines adventices sous l'angle d'un système proie-prédateur." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROS030/document.
Full textWeed flora limits crop yields therefore herbicides inputs are important in order to manage weeds. Weeds are at the bottom of the trophic pyramid in agroecosystems, and this explains partly the decrease of biodiversity. Alternatives to manage weeds are studied to reduce negative effect of herbicides on the environment in order to preserve biodiversity. For example, weeds could be managed with granivorous species. Indeed, weed seeds are the origin of the weed community, thus seed consumption could limit weed abundance in cultivated fields. In agroecosystems, several taxa are known to be granivorous such as vertebrates (birds and rodents) and invertebrates (ground beetles). Ground beetles are considered as the main granivorous taxa in agroecosystems and are abundant in temperate agroecosystems. The main goal of this PhD was to study trophic interactions between communities, weed seed and ground beetles, with a prey-predator system in order to estimate the role of ground beetles through their seed consumption in weed seeds management. First, we established a protocol with standardize steps in order to restrain variables to weed seed species at ground beetles’ species. A similar protocol has been adapted to replicate experimentation with the same individuals to measure consumption at different weed seed densities. We then studied interactions between weed seeds and ground beetles with two research axes. We first explored interspecific variation of consumption on the same weed seeds species, Viola arvensis, by ground beetles. Body mass and ratios between mandible length and labrum width had no relation with seed consumption by ground beetles. Thus, other factors were suggested to explain consumption variation such as gut symbionts of ground beetles or preferences for specific weed seed species. Secondly, we measured consumption of 42 weed seed species by four ground beetles to identify abilities in weed seed consumption for these beetles and to explore feeding strategy according to two seed characteristics, seed mass (size) and seed lipid content. Generalism degrees are different according to ground beetles’ species and seem affected by physiological characteristics in both communities. Finally, to assess the potential in weed seed management of ground beetles we determined functional response to four ground beetles on two weed seeds species. We determined type II response for all species (male and female) tested, except for females of P.rufipes. Our results should be interpreted cautiously as, under natural conditions, generalist predators meet many alternatives prey and it could influence functional response type. We showed that there are many complex interactions between weed seed and ground beetles communities, especially due to a wide range of diversity in physiological characteristics in both communities. The potential of ground beetles to regulate seeds must be more precisely explored to evaluate their agronomic interest in weed management
Carbonne, Benjamin. "Le rôle des interactions biotiques dans un système proie-prédateur : le cas de la prédation et de la régulation des graines d’adventices par les carabes." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCK047.
Full textFor the transition towards agricultural production systems that are less dependent on herbicides, the use of weed regulation by seed-eating carabids is of great interest. Weed seed predation by carabids is variable and occurs within a complex context of many biotic interactions. This complexity partly explains our current inability to predict levels of in-field weed regulation. In this thesis, I analysed variations in the levels of predation and biological regulation of weeds and determined how they respond to two classes of biotic interactions: 1) the availability of alternative prey; and, 2) intra- and inter-specific interactions between the carabids themselves. Field measurements carried out on a pan-European field experiment showed a signal of weed seedbank regulation by carabids. The experiment also indicated that the responses of carabid communities to the landscape context and the intensity of farm management are partly due to changes in the availability of animal and plant prey. I demonstrated the existence of a trade-off between weed seed and animal predation by omnivorous carabids, whose effectiveness in suppressing seeds is reduced by the availability of alternative prey. Obligatory granivorous species showed no such trade-off with the presence of animal prey. The key carabid species and complementary species complexes that were associated with high levels of seed predation were identified in a multi-experiment field data-set from Burgundy. Using an experiment in semi-controlled conditions, mesocosms, antagonisms between certain carabid species were identified, which may be the result of direct or indirect interactions. Experiments done under controlled and simplified laboratory conditions did not show any major effects of these antagonist interactions on seed predation, however. This thesis confirms the regulatory role of carabid predation on the weed flora and shows that this system is set within a broader context of interactions that can explain some of the variation in the composition of carabid communities and their effectiveness in consuming seeds. This work makes it possible to suggest management to optimise weed regulation by carabids in arable fields
Slimani, Safia. "Système dynamique stochastique de certains modèles proies-prédateurs et applications." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR123/document.
Full textThis work is devoted to the study of the dynamics of a predator-prey system of Leslie-Gower type defined by a system of ordinary differential equations (EDO) or stochastic differential equations (EDS), or by coupled systems of EDO or EDS. The main objective is to do mathematical analysis and numerical simulation of the models built. This thesis is divided into two parts : The first part is dedicated to a predator-prey system where the prey uses a refuge, the model is given by a system of ordinary differential equations or stochastic differential equations. The purpose of this part is to study the impact of the refuge as well as the stochastic perturbation on the behavior of the solutions of the system. In the second part, we consider a networked predator-prey system. We show that symmetric couplings speed up the convergence to a stationary distribution
Nundloll, Sapna. "Lutte biologique augmentative : modélisation mathématique et recommandations." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00850358.
Full textZhang, Zhengyang. "A class of state-dependent delay differential equations and applications to forest growth." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0062/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the studies of a class of state-dependent delay differential equations. This class of equations is derived from a size-structured model.The motivation comes from the parameter fittings of this system to a forest simulator called SORTIE. Cases of both single species forest and two-species forest are considered in Chapter 2. The numerical simulations of the system correspond relatively very well to the forest data generated by SORTIE, which shows that this system is able to be used to describe the population dynamics of forests. Moreover, an extended model considering the spatial positions of trees is also proposed in Chapter 2 for the two-species forest case. From the numerical simulations of this spatial model one can see the diffusion of forests in space. Chapter 3 and 4 focus on the mathematical analysis of the state-dependent delay differential equations. The properties of semiflow generated by this system are studied in Chapter 3, where we find that this semiflow is not time-continuous. The boundedness and dissipativity of the semiflow for both single species model and multi-species model are studied in Chapter 4. Furthermore, in order to study the population dynamics after the introduction of parasites into a forest, a predator-prey system consisting of the above state-dependent delay differential equation (describing the forest) and an ordinary differential equation (describing the parasites) is constructed in Chapter 5 (only the single species forest is considered here). Numerical simulations in several scenarios and cases are operated to display the complex behaviours of solutions appearing in this system with the predator-prey relation and the state-dependent delay
Daher, Okiye Madina. "Étude et analyse asymptotique de certains systèmes dynamiques non-linéaires : application à des problèmes proie prédateurs." Le Havre, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LEHA0005.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis relates to the study of the dynamics of some differential systems modelling problems of prey(s)-predator(s), all of the type Holling-Tanner. We are interested in the boundedness, the stability of the solutions and we have also studied the persistence, the permanence, the extinction or the existence and the unicity of limit-cycles. In the same way, the local bifurcations occurring in these models were studied. Moreover, a system with diffusion, of the same type, was studied. By the use of powerful numerical tools of nonlinear dynamics, the existence of chaos in a similar three-dimensional model is analyzed
Steinmann, Thomas. "Métrologie optique en dynamique des fluides appliquées à l'écologie physique des insectes." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4050/document.
Full textFlow sensing is used by a vast number of animals in various ecological contexts, from preypredator interactions to mate selection, and orientation to flow itself. Among these animals, crickets use hundreds of filiform hairs on two cerci as an early warning system to detect remote potential predators. Over the years, the cricket hairs have been described as the most sensitive sensor in the animal kingdom. The energy necessary for the emission of an action potential by its sensory neuron was estimated to be a tenth of the energy of a photon. This PhD thesis aims to describe recent technological advances in the measurement and model of flows around biological and artificial flow sensors in the context of organismal sensory ecology. The study and understanding of the performance of sensory systems requires a high spatial precision of non-intrusive measurement methods. Thus, non-contacting measurement methods such as and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), originally developed by aerodynamics and fluid mechanics engineers, have been used to measure flows of biological relevance. The viscous oscillatory boundary layer surrounding filiform hairs has been visualized and used as input to model the mechanical response of these hairs, described as second order mechanical systems. The viscous hydrodynamic coupling occurring within hair canopy was also characterized using PIV measurements on biomimetic micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) hairs, mimicking biological ones. Using PIV, we have also measured the air flow upstream of hunting spiders. We prove that this flow is highly conspicuous aerodynamically, due to substantial air displacement detectable up to several centimeters in front of the running predator. This disturbance of upstream air flows were also assessed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with the finite elements method (FEM). The development of non-intrusive measurement and CFD methods and their application to the analysis of the biological flow involved in cricket sensory ecology allowed us to revisit the extreme sensitivity of cricket filiform hairs. We predicted strong hydrodynamic coupling within natural hair canopies and we addressed why hairs are packed together at such high densities, particularly given the exquisite sensitivity of a single hair. We also proposed a new model of hair deflection during the arrival of a predator, by taking into account both the initial and long-term aspects of the flow pattern produced by a lunging predator. We conclude that the length heterogeneity of the hair canopy mirrors the flow complexity of an entire attack, from launch to grasp
Rault, Jonathan. "Modélisation mathématique structurée en taille du zooplancton." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00850906.
Full textNguyen, Thi Nhu Thao. "Modélisation mathématique et simulation de la dynamique spatiale de populations de campagnols dans l’est de la France." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCD031.
Full textThe main objective of the thesis is to propose and analyze mathematical models based on partial differential equations (PDE) to describe the spatial dynamics of two species of voles (Microtus arvalis and Arvicola terrestris), which are particularly monitored in Eastern France. The models that we have proposed are based on PDE which describe the evolution of the density of the population of voles as a function of time, age and position in space. We have two complementary approaches to represent the dynamics. In the first approach, we propose a first model that consists of a scalar PDE depending on time, age, and space supplemented with a non-local boundary condition. The flux is linear with constant coefficient in the direction of age but contains a non-local term in the directions of space. Moreover, the equation contains a second order term in the spatial variables only. We have demonstrated the existence and stability of weak entropy solutions for the model by using, respectively, the Panov's theorem of the multidimensional compensated and a doubling of the variables type argument. In the second approach we were inspired by a Multi Agent model proposed by Marilleau-Lang-Giraudoux, where the spatial dynamics of juveniles is decoupled from local evolution in each plot. To apply this model, we have introduced a directed graph whose nodes are the plots. In each node, the evolution of the colony is described by a transport equation with two variables, time and age, and the movements of dispersion, in space, are represented by the passages from one node to the other. We have proposed a discretization of the model, by finite volume methods, and noticed that this approach manages to reproduce the qualitative characteristics of the spatial dynamics observed in nature. We also proposed to consider a predator-prey system consisting of a hyperbolic equation for predators and a parabolic-hyperbolic equation for preys, where the prey's equation is analogous to the first model of the vole populations. The drift term in the predators' equation depends nonlocally on the density of prey and the two equations are also coupled via classical source terms of Lotka-Volterra type. We establish existence of solutions by applying the vanishing viscosity method, and we prove stability by a doubling of variables type argument. Moreover, concerning the numerical simulation of the first model in one-dimensional space, we obtain a finite volume discretization by using the upwind scheme and then validate the numerical scheme.The last part of my thesis work is a project in which I participated during a Summer school CEMRACS. The project was on a subject of biomathematics different from that of the thesis (an epidemiological model for salmonellosis). A new generic multi-scale modeling framework for heterogeneous transmission of pathogens in an animal population is suggested. At the intra-host level, the model describes the interaction between the commensal microbiota, the pathogen and the inflammatory response. Random fluctuations in the ecological dynamics of the individual microbiota and transmission at the inter-host scale are added to obtain a PDE model of drift-diffusion of pathogen distribution at the population level. The model is also extended to represent transmission between several populations. Asymptotic behavior as well as the impact of control strategies, including cleaning and administration of antimicrobials, are studied by numerical simulation