Academic literature on the topic 'Système monogame'
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Journal articles on the topic "Système monogame":
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Lardellier, Pascal. "De la monogamie au « polygaming »…" Sociologie et sociétés 46, no. 1 (April 28, 2014): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1024680ar.
Abstract:
Les sites de rencontres ont favorisé l’essor d’un « papillonnage » numérique intensif. Maints inscrits de ces sites inventent à leur corps défendant de nouvelles manières d’aimer, déliées des exigences de la fidélité ou de l’inscription dans la durée. Les cadres normatifs évoluent, alors qu’Internet offre désormais à la rencontre amoureuse de nouveaux terrains de « drague » et des modalités technologiques et relationnelles augmentées. Ce dispositif permet l’émergence de rapports d’un nouveau genre, tout en industrialisant la rencontre amoureuse. Le polygaming est une solution de rechange sentimentalo-sexuelle bousculant la monogamie instituée en favorisant l’essor de relations ludiques, plurielles, transitoires, fondées sur un consensus hédoniste plus que sur un engagement long, et prenant les sites de rencontre comme dispositif stratégique. Cet article propose une théorisation du polygaming. Il s’agit d’en saisir les grands principes, et d’en mettre au jour le système de valeurs, au fil d’un parcours prenant plus largement en compte les bouleversements induits par les TIC dans le paysage de la rencontre amoureuse depuis quelques années.
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Le Pont, Françoise. "Vers un modèle prévisionnel de développement de l'infection VIH en France à partir de l'enquête ACSF." Population Vol. 48, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): 1535–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/popu.p1993.48n5.1550.
Abstract:
Résumé Le Pont (Françoise). - Vers un modèle prévisionnel de développement de l'infection à VIH en France à partir de l'enquête ACSF Ce chapitre présente la structure d'un modèle de prévision de l'épidémie de Sida qui prend en compte les caractéristiques socio-démographiques de chaque individu et permet de décrire sa vie par une suite d'événements (rencontre de partenaire, passage au stade Sida par exemple). Par rapport à un modèle mathématique classique qui représente des sous-populations, l'approche individuelle permet de prendre en compte la variabilité des caractéristiques du comportement sexuel qui ont été collectées par l'enquête ACSF, comme la structure initiale de la population et de son réseau sexuel, le nombre de nouveaux partenaires par an, les caractéristiques des partenaires (âge, sexe, monogamie, catégorie socioprofessionnelle) et celles de la liaison (durée, en couple ou non). Ces informations peuvent être représentées dans le modèle par des règles de la forme «Si... Alors», gérées par un système expert relié au modèle. Cette approche permet de décrire des changements éventuels de comportement afin de comparer leur impact sur la croissance de l'épidémie et d'étudier la diffusion du VIH dans la population générale, pour laquelle un risque de développement d'une épidémie a été mis en évidence chez les 18-24 ans.
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Christandl, M., and A. Winter. "Uncertainty, Monogamy, and Locking of Quantum Correlations." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 51, no. 9 (September 2005): 3159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2005.853338.
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Lim, M. M., E. A. D. Hammock, and L. J. Young. "The Role of Vasopressin in the Genetic and Neural Regulation of Monogamy." Journal of Neuroendocrinology 16, no. 4 (April 2004): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0953-8194.2004.01162.x.
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Cerrito, Paola, and Jeffrey K. Spear. "Lack of evidence for coevolution between oxytocin receptor N-terminal variants and monogamy in placental mammals." Hormones and Behavior 156 (November 2023): 105437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105437.
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KAMEYAMA, KEISUKE, SOO-NYOUN KIM, MICHITERU SUZUKI, KAZUO TORAICHI, and TAKASHI YAMAMOTO. "CONTENT-BASED IMAGE RETRIEVAL OF KAOU IMAGES BY RELAXATION MATCHING OF REGION FEATURES." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 14, no. 04 (August 2006): 509–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488506004151.
Abstract:
An improvement to the content-based image retrieval (CBIR) system for kaou images which has been developed by the authors group is introduced. Kaous are handwritten monograms found on old Japanese documents in a Chinese character-like shapes with artistic decorations. Kaous play an important role in the research of historical documents, which involve browsing and comparison of numerous samples. In this work, a novel method of kaou image modeling for CBIR is introduced, which incorporates the shade information of a closed kaou region in addition to the conventionally used contour characteristics. Dissimilarity of query and dictionary images were calculated as a weighted sum of elementary differences in the positions, contour shapes and colors of the component regions. These elementary differences were evaluated using relaxation matching and empirically defined distance functions. In the experiments, a set of 2455 kaou images were used. It was found that apparently similar kaou images could be retrieved by the proposed method, improving the retrieval quality. .
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جميل, محمد جبر السيد عبد الله. "دعوى الباحثة الجزائرية مريم بودوخة بانحياز الإسلام إلى فردانية الزواج : دراسة نقدية = A Critical Analysis of Mariam Bou Dokha’s Idea Saying Islam Supports Monogamy." مجلة التراث 1, no. 29 Part 1 (December 2018): 48–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0058118.
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Wilson, R. J. A. "UBC Excavations of the Roman Villa at Gerace, Sicily: Results of the 2019 Season." Mouseion 18, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 379–534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/mous.18.3.04.
Abstract:
A sixth season of excavation at the late Roman rural estate of Gerace (Enna province, Sicily) took place in 2019. The principal goal, of completing the investigation of the bath-house of ca. 380 (first discovered in 2016), was achieved. A second cold pool of the frigidarium was excavated, and found to be very well preserved; in a secondary period, probably during construction, it had been made smaller than originally planned. Bricks underpinning its marble floor are, at ca. 65 cm square, among the largest known, and may document continuing use of the Doric foot measure (widespread in classical and Hellenistic Sicily) into late antiquity. The marble floor had been ripped up during the stripping process in the fifth century, when a bonfire was lit inside the pool. The caldarium also saw modification during construction (it too was made smaller than planned); its mosaic floor was smashed (although its design was recoverable) and all but one of the pilae stacks supporting the floor were removed during demolition. The opus signinum floor of an adjacent hot-water pool had been similarly destroyed. Its back wall was severely fractured by the earthquake that struck Gerace in the second half of the fifth century, possibly not before ca. ad 470. Part of its praefurnium was also excavated, but total exposure was hindered by the precarious state of the masonry. The exterior of the praefurnium of tepidarium 2 was also explored. Two successive water conduits were found to the north, and the water system for supplying the baths hypothetically reconstructed. An enigmatic apse belonging to another building, possibly mid-imperial, was also discovered. Finds in the baths included a new monogrammed tile stamp reading ANTONINI or similar, a leg of a marble statuette, and five chamber pots, four of them reconstructable entire. Four appendices contain reports on other ongoing research. Work on the animal bones include for the first time isotopic analysis of a sample; the number of equid bones continues to rise to unusually high levels for a Roman archaeological site in the Mediterranean. Continuing analysis of the carbonized wood has identified that the hypocaust fuel for the baths comprised oak and olive-tree cuttings. Investigation of a deposit inside one of the chamber pots has shown the presence of eggs of intestinal whipworm (and therefore of faeces), so proving the function of such vessels for the first time. Une sixième saison de fouilles sur le site du domaine rural romain d’époque tardive de Gerace (province d’Enna, Sicile) a eu lieu en 2019. L’objectif principal, à savoir compléter l’investigation des bains datant d’env. 380 apr. J.-C. (découverts en 2016), fut atteint. Un second bassin du frigidarium fut mis au jour et se révéla très bien conservé. Il avait été aménagé dans des dimensions moindres que celles initialement prévues, ce changement ayant probablement été opéré directement au moment des travaux de construction. Les briques qui sous-tendent son plancher en marbre sont, à env. 65 cm2, parmi les plus grandes connues, et peuvent attester de l’utilisation prolongée de la mesure en pied dorique (répandue en Sicile classique et hellénistique) jusque dans l’Antiquité tardive. Le plancher de marbre avait été arraché au Ve siècle lors du processus de décapage, lorsqu’un feu avait été allumé à l’intérieur du bassin. Le caldarium fit lui aussi l’objet de modifications au moment de sa construction (il fut lui-même réduit par rapport à son plan initial); son sol en mosaïque était fracassé (bien que sa conception ait pu être récupérée) et toutes les piles de pilae qui supportaient le plancher sauf une furent retirées au moment de la démolition. Le pavement d’ opus signinum d’un bassin d’eau chaude adjacent avait été détruit de la même manière. Son mur arrière avait été sévèrement fracturé par le tremblement de terre qui frappa Gerace durant la seconde moitié du Ve siècle (peut-être pas avant env. 470 apr. J.-C.). Une partie de son praefurnium fut également fouillée, mais l’exposition entière fut entravée par l’état précaire de la maçonnerie. L’extérieur du praefurnium du tepidarium 2 fut également exploré. Deux conduites d’eau successives furent retrouvées au nord, et le système d’alimentation en eau des bains a pu être hypothétiquement reconstitué. Une abside énigmatique appartenant à un autre édifice, datant possiblement du milieu de l’empire, fut par ailleurs mise au jour. Les découvertes dans les bains comprenaient une nouvelle marque d’étampe sur une tuile d’un monogramme indiquant ANTONINI ou similaire, une jambe d’une statuette en marbre et cinq pots de chambre, dont quatre étaient entièrement reconstructibles. Quatre annexes contiennent des rapports sur d’autres recherches en cours. Les travaux sur les os d’animaux comprenaient pour la première fois l’analyse isotopique d’un échantillon. Le nombre d’ossements d’équidés continue d’augmenter à des niveaux anormalement élevés pour un site archéologique romain en Méditerranée. L’analyse continue de bois carbonisé a permis d’identifier que le combustible de l’hypocauste pour les bains comprenait de chêne et des boutures d’olivier. L’analyse d’un dépôt à l’intérieur d’un des pots de chambre a révélé la présence d’œufs de trichocéphale intestinal (et donc d’excréments), prouvant ainsi la fonction de ces vaisseaux pour la première fois.
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López-Gutiérrez, María Fernanda, Sara Mejía-Chávez, Sarael Alcauter, and Wendy Portillo. "The neural circuits of monogamous behavior." Frontiers in Neural Circuits 16 (September 29, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2022.978344.
Abstract:
The interest in studying the neural circuits related to mating behavior and mate choice in monogamous species lies in the parallels found between human social structure and sexual behavior and that of other mammals that exhibit social monogamy, potentially expanding our understanding of human neurobiology and its underlying mechanisms. Extensive research has suggested that social monogamy, as opposed to non-monogamy in mammals, is a consequence of the neural encoding of sociosensory information from the sexual partner with an increased reward value. Thus, the reinforced value of the mate outweighs the reward value of mating with any other potential sexual partners. This mechanism reinforces the social relationship of a breeding pair, commonly defined as a pair bond. In addition to accentuated prosocial behaviors toward the partner, other characteristic behaviors may appear, such as territorial and partner guarding, selective aggression toward unfamiliar conspecifics, and biparental care. Concomitantly, social buffering and distress upon partner separation are also observed. The following work intends to overview and compare known neural and functional circuits that are related to mating and sexual behavior in monogamous mammals. We will particularly discuss reports on Cricetid rodents of the Microtus and Peromyscus genus, and New World primates (NWP), such as the Callicebinae subfamily of the titi monkey and the marmoset (Callithrix spp.). In addition, we will mention the main factors that modulate the neural circuits related to social monogamy and how that modulation may reflect phenotypic differences, ultimately creating the widely observed diversity in social behavior.
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Carmeli, Nofar, Martin Grohe, Benny Kimelfeld, Ester Livshits, and Muhammad Tibi. "Database Repairing with Soft Functional Dependencies." ACM Transactions on Database Systems, March 4, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3651156.
Abstract:
A common interpretation of soft constraints penalizes the database for every violation of every constraint, where the penalty is the cost (weight) of the constraint. A computational challenge is that of finding an optimal subset: a collection of database tuples that minimizes the total penalty when each tuple has a cost of being excluded. When the constraints are strict (i.e., have an infinite cost), this subset is a “cardinality repair” of an inconsistent database; in soft interpretations, this subset corresponds to a “most probable world” of a probabilistic database, a “most likely intention” of a probabilistic unclean database, and so on. Within the class of functional dependencies, the complexity of finding a cardinality repair is thoroughly understood. Yet, very little is known about the complexity of finding an optimal subset for the more general soft semantics. The work described in this manuscript makes significant progress in that direction. In addition to general insights about the hardness and approximability of the problem, we present algorithms for two special cases (and some generalizations thereof): a single functional dependency, and a bipartite matching. The latter is the problem of finding an optimal “almost matching” of a bipartite graph where a penalty is paid for every lost edge and every violation of monogamy. For these special cases, we also investigate the complexity of additional computational tasks that arise when the soft constraints are used as a means to represent a probabilistic database via a factor graph, as in the case of a probabilistic unclean database.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Système monogame":
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Lema, París Ánxela. "Deconstruír o erotismo poético desde as non-monogamia : .estudo e relectura da poesía erótica galega e da súa recepción crítica na primeira década do século XXI." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA080027.
Abstract:
Le but de cette thèse est d'analyser l'influence du système monogame, en tant que système idéologique, au cours du processus de lecture de la poésie érotique galicienne contemporaine publiée entre 2000 et 2010. Notre hypothèse de départ était que, malgré l'annonce de la mort de l'auteur·e au début du XXe siècle, la réception de la poésie érotique se fait sous un angle biographique, car les voix poétiques semblent être sexualisées selon le système sexe-genre, l'orientation sexuelle et l'orientation relationnelle (supposée monogame dans presque tous les cas) de la figure d'auteur·e. Ainsi, nous avons analysé le discours de la critique pour comprendre comment les plaisirs et les affects sont compris dans la poésie érotique publiée pendant cette période. Nous avons également travaillé directement sur les poèmes pour vérifier si la lecture faite par la critique et le public lecteur est la seule possible ou si un certain nombre d'autres lectures concernant les sexualités sont ignorées. Nous avons constaté, en somme, comment un grand nombre de sens divers et transgresseurs, perdus à cause de la pensée hégémonique, peuvent être décodés à partir de la déconstruction du regard lecteur et de l'adoption d'une optique non monogameThe goal of this dissertation is to analyse the influence of the “monogamous system”, as an ideological concept, in the reading process of contemporary Galician erotic poetry published between 2000 and 2010. Our initial hypothesis was that although the end of authorship was announced at the beginning of the twentieth century, the reception of erotic poetry continues to be done from a biographical perspective, since the poetic voices seem to be sexualized following the sex-gender system, sexual orientation and interpersonal relationship (in most cases assumed as monogomous) of the author. We analyse the critics’ discourse to deep dive into how pleasure and affection were perceived during this period. Besides, we deal directly with the poems to understand if these already established readings produced by critics and readers are the only possible ones or if other readings (in relation to sexuality) might be hidden. In short, we establish that, deconstructing the reader’s perspective and adopting a non-monogomous viewpoint, we can decode many diverse and transgressive messages that are lost due to hegemonic ideology
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Filenga, Daví. "Relações monogâmicas entre estados multipartidos e efeitos de memória em computação quântica baseada em medidas projetivas /." Bauru, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192390.
Abstract:
Orientador: Felipe Fernandes FanchiniResumo: Na presente Tese realizou-se um estudo acerca das relações monogâmicas entre emaranhamento de formação (EF) e discórdia quântica (DQ) para sistemas quânticos multipartidos, bem como um estudo acerca da dinâmica dissipativa de operações lógicas de 1 (portas NOT e Z) e 2 (porta CNOT) qubits para uma computação quântica baseada em medidas projetivas (MBQC). Como resultado, expressões as quais generalizam relações de conservação entre EF e DQ puderam ser deduzidas, bem como relações de distribuição de DQ para sistemas de n partes. Ademais, ampliando os estudos referentes a sistemas multipartidos, uma pesquisa a respeito da influência dos canais amplitude damping (AD) e phase damping (PD) em uma MBQC considerando ambientes altamente não-Markovianos pôde ser desenvolvida. Nesse sentido, uma medida denominada fidelidade média (Fm) foi então proposta, a partir da qual expressões analíticas puderam ser deduzidas para os canais em questão, e sendo demonstrado que Fm resulta em valores idênticos para as portas X e Z. Além do mais, também foi possível realizar um estudo acerca dos tempos ótimos das medidas, segundo o qual pôde-se concluir que sua rápida execução não necessariamente implica em melhores resultados, tampouco sua lenta execução não necessariamente implica em piores. Nesse contexto, pôde-se também demonstrar que para o canal AD o conhecimento do mapa dissipativo já é o suficiente para intuitivamente determinar os melhores tempos de medidas, sendo que o mesmo não necessariamen... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In this work a study about the monogamous relations between entanglement of formation (EF) and quantum discord (QD) for multipartite quantum systems, as well the dissipative dynamics of 1 (NOT and Z gates) and 2 (CNOT gate) qubits for a measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC) could be developed. As a result, expressions which generalize conservation laws between EF and DQ could be deduced, as well as DQ distribution laws for n part quantum systems. In addition, expanding the multipartite systems studies, a research about the influence of the amplitude damping (AD) and phase damping (PD) channels in an MBQC considering highly non-Markovian environments also could be developed. In this sense, a measure called average gate fidelity (Fm) was proposed, from which we deduce analytical expressions for the channels and show that it is identical for the X and Z gates. In addition, we conducted a study of the optimal measurement times, where we conclude that neither fast application of the projective measurements necessarily implies better results, nor slow application necessarily implies worse results. Furthermore, it was also possible to demonstrate that while for the AD the knowledge of the dissipative map is sufficient to determine the best measurement times, the same is not necessarily true for the PD, where the time of the set of measures becomes crucial since a phase error in one qubit can fix the phase error that takes place in another. Finally, a study was carried out on ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Mulard, Hervé. "Implications comportementales de la monogamie stricte : Reconnaissance individuelle et appariement selon des critères génétiques chez la mouette tridactyle, Rissa tridactyla." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00205076.
Abstract:
Cette thèse est consacrée à la reconnaissance individuelle et au choix du partenaire chez la mouette tridactyle (Rissa tridactyla), espèce génétiquement monogame et fidèle à son partenaire d'une saison sur l'autre. Mes expériences démontrent l'existence d'une reconnaissance vocale entre les partenaires d'un couple, ainsi qu'une reconnaissance des parents par les poussins. Des observations empiriques suggèrent que les parents utilisent également le cri pour reconnaître leurs poussins. Ceci pourrait relever d'une stratégie adaptative: les poussins reconnus par leurs parents retournent plus vite au nid lors de leur premier envol, ce qui pourrait diminuer l'énergie dépensée dans des vols stressants ou des batailles avec d'autre résidents. Les analyses ont aussi montré que les distances génétiques entre membre des couples sont plus grandes qu'attendu par chance. Ceci augmente la probabilité d'hétérozygotie des poussins, et donc le succès de reproduction. En effet, le taux d'éclosion augmente avec la distance génétique entre les parents, et les poussins hétérozygotes grandissent plus vite et survivent mieux jusqu'à 25 jours. En outre, les couples formés d'individus génétiquement proches copulent moins souvent, ce qui confirmerait l'influence sur les comportements sexuels de la distance génétique intra couple. Ces résultats posent la question de la perception de la similarité génétique par les partenaires potentiels. Mes résultats préliminaires suggèrent que celle-ci ne semble pas impliquer la voix. En effet, la différence entre les cris ne semble pas corrélée à la distance génétique. Des paramètres olfactifs ou visuels pourraient donc être impliqués. Ces résultats suggèrent que le choix du partenaire pourrait donc être très important chez cette espèce génétiquement monogame.
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Opie, Christopher Francis. "The evolution of social systems in human and non-human primates." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:572277ae-73cc-42f5-bffb-f49502379688.
Abstract:
From a Darwinian perspective, both history and environment are causal factors for change in animal social behaviour. Because behaviour leaves no fossil evidence researchers have focused on how social systems help animals and humans adapt to their current environments and have only been able to make tentative suggestions about how such systems may have evolved. However, a new theoretical framework, based on Darwin’s insights, allows phylogenetic relatedness to be incorporated into comparative analyses to discover the ancestral states of social behaviour and the ultimate drivers of change in human and primate societies. This thesis uses these new methods to investigate the history and drivers of change in human and primate sociality and proposes a new model of primate social evolution. Analyses of mating systems suggest that social monogamy in humans and other primates is the result of infanticide risk brought about by life history changes. These methods were also able to reveal how changes in inheritance rules to matriliny among Bantu-speaking societies, contributed to a switch to matrilocal residence, which in turn contributed to a change from polygynous marriage to monogamy. Cultural history effects change in both descent and residence patterns, while geographical proximity also affects descent, but residence and environmental factors drive changes in marriage. This approach may provide a way for the various schools for the study of human and primate social behaviour to collaborate more closely and provide ultimate answers to the drivers of change in human society.
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Goossens, Benoît. "Système de reproduction et variabilité génétique intra- et interpopulationnelle chez la marmotte alpine (Marmota marmota L. , Sciuridé)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10034.
Abstract:
La marmotte alpine (marmota marmota, sciuride), espece hautement sociale au systeme d'appariement decrit comme etant monogame, suscite un grand interet comme modele d'etude de la socialite chez les mammiferes. Elle forme des unites familiales composees d'un couple dominant et des jeunes issus de portees successives. Apres une etude de faisabilite, l'utilisation des poils comme materiel biologique et des microsatellites comme outil genetique a permis d'etudier le systeme d'appariement de la marmotte alpine en quantifiant les paternites extra-couples dans les groupes familiaux d'une population des alpes francaises (la grande sassiere, parc national de la vanoise) et en discutant les couts et les benefices pour chaque sexe d'adopter une strategie alternative a la monogamie. Le pourcentage de paternites extra-couples s'est avere eleve (plus de 30%), et nous avons identifie plus de 19% de juveniles dont le male resident n'etait pas le pere. Le polymorphisme relativement eleve des microsatellites utilises a egalement permis d'aborder la genetique des populations de marmottes alpines a deux echelles : intra- et interpopulationnelles. Avec les indices de fixation de wright, nous avons mis en evidence une forte structuration genetique intrapopulationnelle due tres vraisemblablement a la structure sociale familiale, et une tendance significative a l'evitement de la consanguinite. Selon nos resultats, cette tendance serait due plutot a un effet famille qu'a un biais sexuel de la dispersion, ou qu'a un choix par la femelle d'un partenaire non-apparente.
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Drygala, Frank. "Space use pattern, dispersal and social organisation of the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides GRAY, 1834) an invasive, alien canid in Central Europe." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-25476.
Abstract:
Abstract
Between October 1999 and October 2003, 30 adult and 48 young (< 1 year) raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) were monitored using radio-telemetry in an area of Germany which has been occupied by this invasive alien species since the early 1990s. Additionally, three pairs of raccoon dogs were observed by continuous radio-tracking during the first six weeks after parturition in 2003. Furthermore 136 raccoon dog pubs were ear-tagged between June 1999 and August 2006.
No adult animals dispersed from the area during the study period and home ranges tended to be used for several years, probably for life. The average annual home range size, calculated using 95% fixed kernel, was 382.2 ha ± 297.4 SD for females (n = 30 seasonal home ranges) and 352.4 ha ± 313.3 SD for males (n = 32 seasonal home ranges). Paired raccoon dogs had home ranges of similar size, with pair sharing the same area all year round.
Raccoon dogs occupied large core areas (85% kernel) covering 81.2% of their home ranges. The home ranges were at their smallest during the mating season. The slightly larger size of home ranges in winter suggests that, due to the temperate climate, raccoon dogs do not hibernate in Germany. Males and females formed a long-term (probably lifelong) pair bond. Same-sex neighbours ignored each other and even adjacent males/females showed neither preference nor avoidance. Thus, it can be assumed that the raccoon dog in Central Europe is monogamous without exclusive territories, based on the results of home range overlap analysis and interaction estimations.
Habitat composition within home ranges and within the whole study area was almost equal. Although, percentage shares of farmland and meadow was 16.35% smaller and 12.06% higher within the home ranges, respectively. All nine habitat types (farmland, forest, settlement, water, meadows, maize fields, small woods, reeds and hedges) were used opportunistically by raccoon dogs. No significant, recognisable difference for habitat preferences between seasons was detected. Male and female raccoon dog showed equal habitat preference pattern. A comparison of active and inactive locations in different habitats found no remarkable differences. Habitat composition of individual home ranges was used to classify animals. If the percentage of forest within a home range exceeded 50% the individual was classified as a ‘forest type’ raccoon dog. If the percentage of forest habitats within a home range was less than 5%, the share of pastureland was mean 81.82% ± 16.92 SD. Consequently the individual was classified as a ‘agrarian type’ raccoon dog. Neither habitat preference nor habitat selection process differed between the two ‘types’. Habitat use and preference is discussed with relation to the ability of the raccoon dog to expand its range towards Western Europe.
Males spent noticeably more time (40.5% of the time ±11.7 SD) alone with the pups than females (16.4% of the time ±8.5 SD). Females had noticeably larger 95% kernel home ranges (98.24 ha ±51.71 SD) than males (14.73 ha ±8.16 SD) and moved much longer daily distances (7,368 m ±2,015 SD) than males (4,094 m ±2,886 SD) in six weeks postpartum. The raccoon dogs being studied left the breeding den in the 6th week after the birth of the pups. In situ video observation showed that the male carried prey to the den to provide the female and the litter with food. A clear division of labour took place among parents during the period in which the pups were nursed: males guarded the litter in the den or in close vicinity of it, while the females foraged to satisfy their increased energy requirements.
There were relocations of 59 (43.4%) ear-tagged young racoon dogs and mean distance from marking point was 13.5 km ±20.1 SD. Dispersal mortality rate was 69.5% among young raccoon dogs. Most animals (55.9%) were recovered nearer than 5 km from the marking point, whereas only 8.5% relocations were recorded further than 50 km from the marking point. There was no difference in the distances of relocations between sexes. Most (53.7%) relocations of ear-tagged young raccoon dogs were in August and September and, only 34.1% were recorded from October to April. Hunting (55 %) and traffic (27 %) were the major mortality factors. Radio-collared young raccoon dogs generally dispersed between July and September. The mean natal home range size (MCP 100%) with and without excursions was 502.6 ha ±66.4 SD (n = 9) and 92.1 ha ±66.4 SD (n = 17), respectively. There were no differences between sexes in the month of dispersal. The direction of travel for dispersing animals appeared to be random, with distances from 0.5 km to 91.2 km. A highly flexible dispersing behaviour is certainly one of the reasons which contribute to the high expansion success of the species.
7
Drygala, Frank. "Space use pattern, dispersal and social organisation of the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides GRAY, 1834) an invasive, alien canid in Central Europe." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-39711.
Abstract:
Between October 1999 and October 2003, 30 adult and 48 young (< 1 year) raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) were monitored using radio-telemetry in an area of North-East Germany which has been occupied by this invasive alien species since the early 1990s. Additionally, three pairs of raccoon dogs were observed by continuous radio-tracking during the first six weeks after parturition in 2003. Furthermore 136 raccoon dog pubs were ear-tagged between June 1999 and August 2006.
No adult animals dispersed from the area during the study period and home ranges tended to be used for several years, probably for life. The average annual home range size, calculated using 95% fixed kernel, was 382.2 ha ± 297.4 SD for females (n = 30 seasonal home ranges) and 352.4 ha ± 313.3 SD for males (n = 32 seasonal home ranges). Paired raccoon dogs had home ranges of similar size, with pair mates sharing the same area all year round.
Raccoon dogs occupied large core areas (85% kernel) covering 81.2% of their home ranges. The home ranges were at their smallest during the mating season. The slightly larger size of home ranges in winter suggests that, due to the temperate climate, raccoon dogs do not hibernate in Germany. Males and females formed a long-term (probably lifelong) pair bond. Same-sex neighbours ignored each other and even adjacent males/females showed neither preference nor avoidance. Thus, it can be assumed that the raccoon dog in Central Europe is monogamous without exclusive territories, based on the results of home range overlap analysis and interaction estimations.
Habitat composition within home ranges and within the whole study area was almost equal. Although, percentage shares of farmland and meadow was 16.35% smaller and 12.06% higher within the home ranges, respectively. All nine habitat types (farmland, forest, settlement, water, meadows, maize fields, small woods, reeds and hedges) were used opportunistically by raccoon dogs. No significant, recognisable difference for habitat preferences between seasons was detected. Male and female raccoon dog showed equal habitat preference pattern. A comparison of active and inactive locations in different habitats found no remarkable differences. Habitat composition of individual home ranges was used to classify animals. If the percentage of forest within a home range exceeded 50% the individual was classified as a ‘forest type’ raccoon dog. If the percentage of forest habitats within a home range was less than 5%, the share of pastureland was mean 81.82% ± 16.92 SD. Consequently the individual was classified as a ‘agrarian type’ raccoon dog. Neither habitat preference nor habitat selection process differed between the two ‘types’. Habitat use and preference is discussed with relation to the ability of the raccoon dog to expand its range towards Western Europe.
Males spent noticeably more time (40.5% of the time ±11.7 SD) alone with the pups than females (16.4% of the time ±8.5 SD). Females had noticeably larger 95% kernel home ranges (98.24 ha ±51.71 SD) than males (14.73 ha ±8.16 SD) and moved much longer daily distances (7,368 m ±2,015 SD) than males (4,094 m ±2,886 SD) in six weeks postpartum. The raccoon dogs being studied left the breeding den in the 6th week after the birth of the pups. In situ video observation showed that the male carried prey to the den to provide the female and the litter with food. A clear division of labour took place among parents during the period in which the pups were nursed: males guarded the litter in the den or in close vicinity of it, while the females foraged to satisfy their increased energy requirements.
There were relocations of 59 (43.4%) ear-tagged young raccoon dogs and mean distance from marking point was 13.5 km ±20.1 SD. Dispersal mortality rate was 69.5% among young raccoon dogs. Most animals (55.9%) were recovered nearer than 5 km from the marking point, whereas only 8.5% relocations were recorded further than 50 km from the marking point. There was no difference in the distances of relocations between sexes. Most (53.7%) relocations of ear-tagged young raccoon dogs were in August and September and, only 34.1% were recorded from October to April. Hunting (55 %) and traffic (27 %) were the major mortality factors. Radiocollared young raccoon dogs generally dispersed between July and September. The mean natal home range size (MCP 100%) with and without excursions was 502.6 ha ±66.4 SD (n = 9) and 92.1 ha ±66.4 SD (n = 17), respectively. There were no differences between sexes in the month of dispersal. The direction of travel for dispersing animals appeared to be random, with distances from 0.5 km to 91.2 km. A highly flexible dispersing behaviour is certainly one of the reasons which contribute to the high expansion success of the species.
8
Thompson, Cynthia L. "Sex, Aggression, and Affiliation: The Social System of White-faced Saki Monkeys (Pithecia pithecia)." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1303399136.
9
Culina, Antica. "With or without you : pair fidelity and divorce in monogamous birds." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6f2d3c09-712c-4f1f-838a-4a23fe5c85d1.
Abstract:
The drivers of fidelity and divorce of pair-bonded individuals, along with their fitness consequences, are of great interest as they influence mating systems, population structure and productivity, and gene flow. Socially monogamous birds offer an ideal opportunity to study divorce since they show great variability in the extent to which pair bonds are maintained. However, there has been little consensus as to whether divorce is a behavioural adaptation to improve a mating situation, or a consequence of other processes. Moreover, the biological and ecological correlates of fidelity are difficult to address because previous work has been based on indirect and potentially biased methods. Finally, in terms of process, the link between the process of mate choice and subsequent mating decisions has been largely inaccessible to study. My doctoral thesis addressed these significant gaps in our understanding of cause, process and consequence in the formation and dissolution of pair bonds in socially monogamous birds. I accomplished this in three principal ways. First, I conducted a robust phylogenetic meta-analysis on 84 studies across 64 species to assess the existing empirical evidence that divorce in socially monogamous birds is adaptive (in terms of breeding success). This analysis revealed that divorce is, in general, adaptive as it is both triggered by relatively low breeding success and leads to improvement in success. Next, I developed a novel probabilistic multievent capture–mark–recapture framework that provides joint estimates of survival and fidelity while explicitly accounting for imperfect detection, capture heterogeneity, and uncertainty in pair status. By applying this model to breeding data on a wild great tit population I showed that birds that remain faithful to their partner exhibit higher survival rates and are more likely to remain faithful in the next breeding season than do birds that change partners. Subsequently, I confirmed the generality of a survival benefit by applying the model to breeding data on other tit populations. Then, by applying the model to data from a population of mute swans, I showed that fidelity decreases the likelihood of skipping breeding and mortality in this long-lived species, and that these effects depended on age, individual quality, and immigration status. Finally, I investigated how the timing of pair formation influences breeding success and divorce probability using five years of data on the over-winter social behaviour of great tits. I showed that early pair formation had a positive effect on fitness components, influencing the likelihood of divorce only indirectly, through breeding success. Further, my work revealed that males, but not females, with higher numbers of the female associates in winter, and males whose future breeding partners were ranked low amongst these, divorced more often. My research makes a significant contribution to our understanding of divorce and fidelity, and generates a number of important implications for future studies. First, my work establishes that divorce is adaptive for breeding success. Second, my results highlight that survival is an important (and likely, widespread) fitness consequence of pairing decisions. Third, I provide a novel statistically rigorous modelling framework for estimating fidelity-rates and testing hypothesis about fidelity that overcomes many of the inherent biases in traditional estimates. Fourth, it provides the first evidence for a selective advantage of early pair formation in wild, thus highlighting that there are benefits to pair familiarity that manifest via social associations of individuals prior to breeding. Finally, my work reveals the selective pressures operating via the social environment can ultimately influence the mating strategies individuals adopt.
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Meyerhöfer, Dietrich. "Johann Friedrich von Uffenbach. Sammler – Stifter – Wissenschaftler." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0005-13B0-E.
Book chapters on the topic "Système monogame":
1
Morino, Luca. "Monogamy in Mammals: Expanding the Perspective on Hylobatid Mating Systems." In The Gibbons, 279–311. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-88604-6_14.
2
Würsig, Bernd, Jacquline Rich, and Dara N. Orbach. "Sex and Behavior." In Sex in Cetaceans, 1–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35651-3_1.
Abstract:
AbstractWe provide a conceptual primer for sexual selection and conflict, mating systems, and socio-sexual behaviors and patterns among animals, largely with mammalian and cetacean examples. The important roles of mate choice are discussed (including female choice) and the occasional fluidity of sexual roles. An overview of topics pertinent to sex and behavior is described, including evolutionary drivers (the concept of “why sex after all?”) followed by general mammalian and cetacean mating strategies and tactics. We describe mating systems (monogamy, polygyny, polyandry, polygynandry) with the present understanding that most cetaceans do not have monogamous or polyandrous mating systems. The primer includes brief introductions to historical knowledge and highlights emerging areas of research within the field of sex in cetaceans, with context for other chapters of this book. As part of overall sexual behavior, alloparental care, female reproductive senescence, and non-procreative behaviors including homosexual and necrocoital mating are also introduced.
3
Sun, Lixing. "Monogamy correlates, socioecological factors, and mating systems in beavers." In Monogamy, 138–46. Cambridge University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139087247.009.
4
Ligon, J. David. "Social monogamy." In The Evolution of Avian Breeding Systems, 259–86. Oxford University PressOxford, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198549130.003.0011.
Abstract:
Abstract Social monogamy, by far the most common mating system in the Class Aves (Lack 1968), can be recognized by the apparently exclusive association of one female and one male as mates over some definable period of time, such as a nesting cycle, a breeding season, or even a lifetime. In birds, monogamy is usually closely associated with biparental care. (Although biparental care and monogamy actually refer to two distinct suites of behaviour-parental care and mating system, respectively-the two terms are so closely linked that they are often used interchangeably.) As noted previously, unlike any other group of vertebrates, social monogamy is the prevalent mating system in birds, with well over 90 per cent of all species estimated to exhibit this form of male-female association (Lack 1968). In view of its rarity in other classes of vertebrates, the frequency of monogamy in birds is striking and is a key behavioural-reproductive characteristic that sets this group apart from all other vertebrate taxa.
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Rubenstein, Dustin R. "Mating Systems." In Animal Behavior. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780197573822.003.0010.
Abstract:
Monogamy: A Lack of Multiple Mating Why Be Monogamous? Monogamy and Biparental Care Polyandry: Multiple Mating by Females Female versus Male Control of Mating Indirect versus Direct Benefits Polygyny: Multiple Mating by Males Female Defense Polygyny Resource Defense Polygyny Lek Polygyny Scramble...
6
Berglund, Anders. "Mating systems and sex allocation." In Behavioural Ecology of Teleost Fishes, 237–65. Oxford University PressOxford, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198547846.003.0009.
Abstract:
Abstract Genes that do not endow their possessors with the capacity to reproduce successfully (i.e. produce offspring that in turn survive to reproduce) will eventually be lost. It is therefore of paramount importance to all organisms to reproduce successfully. The objective of this chapter is to review the multitude of ways through which mating can be achieved in fishes: under what circumstances can we for instance expect promiscuity, polygamy, monogamy, iteroparity, semelparity, alternative strategies, sex change, simultaneous hermaphroditism or asexual reproduction? In the first part of the chapter I deal with mating systems. Fishes are a highly diverse taxonomic group and therefore ideally suited for discussing such systems in relation to partners (i.e. polygamy versus monogamy) and to time (i.e. breeding cycles, and semelparity versus iteroparity).
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Tardif, Suzette D., Mary L. Harrison,, and Mary A. Simek. "Communal infant care in marmosets and tamarins: relation to energetics, ecology, and social organization." In Marmosets and Tamarins, 220–34. Oxford University PressOxford, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198540229.003.0010.
Abstract:
Abstract The need for helpers in infant care has been hypothesized as shaping the mating system and social structure in callitrichid primates. Recent field studies suggest that substantial variation may exist in mating patterns and social structure both within and between callitrichid species. Disagreements remain as to whether the modal mating system is monogamy or polyandry. However, the inability of a single adult to raise multiple offspring of a relatively high total litter weight by herself is frequently cited as causally related to both monogamy (Hershkovitz 1977; Leutenegger 1980) and polyandry (Garber et al. 1984; Terborgh and Goldizen 1985; Sussman and Garber 1987).
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Parker, Patricia G., T. A. Waite, and T. Peare. "Paternity Studies in Animal Populations." In Molecular Genetic Approaches in Conservation, 413–23. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195095265.003.0025.
Abstract:
Abstract The number of mates attained by members of each sex defines the mating system of animal populations. Under social (apparent) monogamy, one male and one female form an exclusive mating partnership for one or more reproductive attempts. In promiscuous systems, members of each sex typically mate with multiple partners. In polygynous systems, competition among males over mating opportunities with females leads to higher variance in apparent reproductive success (RS) among males than among females; the converse is true for polyandry.
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Scelza, Brooke A. "Marriage and Monogamy in Cross-Cultural Perspective." In The Oxford Handbook of Human Mating, 531—C22.P177. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197536438.013.6.
Abstract:
Abstract Much of our understanding of human partnership dynamics has historically come from a small subset of Western, industrialized societies, which share norms about monogamy and fidelity. Cross-culturally, however, there is substantial variation in both formal marriage systems and the role of nonmarital partnerships. Understanding this variability has important repercussions for evolutionary questions about mating and parenting, which this chapter addresses. In particular, the chapter covers (1) the evolution of monogamy; (2) variation in marriage and mating systems cross-culturally; (3) differences between social and genetic monogamy, and their repercussions for thinking about parenting and partnerships; (4) why concurrent and sequential partnerships might be adaptive, particularly in certain contexts; and (5) why the traditional relationship between paternity and paternal care is not always applicable. Throughout, I focus on data from non-WEIRD (non-Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic) societies, as a counterpoint to the vast body of existing literature in psychology. Doing so allows me to highlight areas where universal patterns emerge and where cross-cultural differences are critical to understanding variation.
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Macedo, Stephen. "Polygamy, Monogamy, and Marriage Justice." In Just Married. Princeton University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691166483.003.0009.
Abstract:
This chapter examines a variety of principled factors that help to distinguish plural marriage from same-sex marriage as a matter of both justice and constitutional principle. It also reviews the substantial body of evidence that led the Supreme Court of British Columbia, in a 2012 landmark case, to uphold Canada's criminal prohibition on polygamy. It argues that this evidentiary record, while certainly not beyond challenge, stands in contrast to the abstract and moralistic arguments advanced against the rights of gay and lesbian citizens. It asserts that polygamy as a widespread practice, or normative system, appears to be incongruent with efforts to secure the preconditions of equal liberty and fair opportunity for all. The chapter concludes by speculating on what the consequences of decriminalization will be for polygamy.