Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Système de réservoirs d'hydrogène'
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Maiga, Omar. "Caractérisation géologique et géophysique 3D d’un système de réservoirs d’hydrogène naturel : exemple du champ de Bourakèbougou, Mali." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS647.pdf.
Full textIn the race to find clean and inexpensive ways to produce hydrogen, the natural hydrogen wells of Bourakèbougou offer a promising solution. Not only has one of them been successfully exploited to generate electricity for the local village, but its current twenty-four wells also provide a unique opportunity for geoscientists to determine the key characteristics of natural hydrogen reservoirs, the nature of the cap rocks, and the various processes involved in its accumulation, migration, and trapping in the rocks. This scientific research presents core, logging, geophysical, and geochemical studies that have been conducted to better characterize the nature of Bourakèbougou's H2 reservoirs. The study of regional geology and the entire area based on drilling data interpretation and bibliographic information was initially carried out. This resulted in a new geological map of the area and a North-South cross-section of the entire basin. Facies analysis and drilling data showed a correlation between stratigraphic wells F1 and F2 drilled in 2011, 100 km north of Bourakèbougou, and the wells in the study area located further to the south. An antiform structure was also identified around Bourakèbougou. All of these data helped validate and provide a coherent sedimentary model for the entire area. To improve the geochronological framework between different events in the area and to characterize the chronological sequence between sediments and intrusions, U/Pb dating was performed on carbonates from Bougou-6, the deepest well, and well F2. The ages obtained for some carbonates were largely influenced by the intrusion of mega-sills of dolerites between 150 and 210 million years ago (Ma). This was confirmed through dating veins derived from the carbonates of the main Bougou-6 reservoir and well F2. The dated veins, especially the one in the main reservoir containing H2, provided an age of approximately 210 Ma, corresponding to the period of magmatism known as the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP). Only the dating of a carbonate located at 890m yielded an age that was clearly synchronous with the deposition (620 ± 100 Ma). This age confirmed the Neoproterozoic age of the sediments and established a connection with the Neoproterozoic glaciation event that occurred between 635-710 Ma (Sturtian + Marinoan). Core analyses, well imaging, logging, Rock Eval, and calcimetry revealed that the upper carbonates in which the highest amount of H2 is accumulated mainly consist of dolomitic cap carbonates, and all H2 accumulations are found in karstic cavities (thermokarst). Different Neoproterozoic facies were identified along the sequence, including stromatolites, microbialites, sandstones, and diamictites. The rocks located above the main reservoir, primarily dolerite, were characterized to understand their role in trapping H2. It was found that not only do the dolerites play a significant role in trapping due to their cumulative thickness, but the presence of aquifers can also attenuate H2 migration by slowing it down in its migration towards the surface. The diagraphic analyses, coupled with production data, have revealed that the hydrogen system is a dynamic system that is spontaneously recharged in H2-rich gas at the production timescale, unlike oil and gas reservoir systems. Finally, the analysis of geophysical data provided an understanding of the overall structure of the area and the gas phase geophysical signature
Suárez, Santiago Hernán. "Gestion de l'énergie d'un système de piles à combustible alimenté par un réservoir d'hydrogène à hydrure métallique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UBFCA019.
Full textThis thesis work is part of the contribution to the scientific and technological advancement of the use of renewable energies based on a PEMFC fuel cell system powered by hydrogen from a metal hydride tank. The first part of the work was devoted to the characterisation of two commercial tanks of this technology with emphasis on their performance degradation. Stochastic methods were used to study the impact of cycling (charge/discharge) on the variation of the tanks' intrinsic parameters. In a second part, the results of this study were implemented through an energy model of the tank developed under the MATLAB /Simulink environment. The model was validated experimentally on a specially designed test bench. The ageing phenomenon was highlighted, providing a significant advance, particularly with a view to the industrialisation of this type of solution. Finally, the thermo-fluidic coupling between the fuel cell and the hydride tank was experimented, modelled and numerically simulated
Pinabiau, Maryse. "Préparation, caractérisation et performances catalytiques de réservoirs d'hydrogène "intermétalliques terres rares - nickel oxydes"." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10116.
Full textVladut, Nicoleta-Iioana. "Système chimique délignifiant à base de peroxyde d'hydrogène." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENI039.
Full textLaurencelle, François. "Étude d'un système d'énergies renouvelables à base d'hydrogène." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2001. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/2787/1/000681120.pdf.
Full textLegendre, Sylvie. "Méthodes d'inspection non destructive par ultrasons de réservoirs d'hydrogène basées sur la transformée en ondelettes." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2000. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/6648/1/000671506.pdf.
Full textRoussel, Thomas Julien. "Simulation numérique de répliques de zéolithes en carbone : structures et propriétés d'adsorption en vue d'une application au stockage d'hydrogène." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX22029.pdf.
Full textHydrogen storage is the key issue to envisage this gas as an energy vector in the field of transportation. Porous carbons are materials that are considered as possible candidates. We have studied well-controlled microporous carbon nanostructures, carbonaceous replicas of mesoporous ordered silica materials and zeolites. We realized numerically the atomic nanostructures of the carbon replication of four zeolites : AlPO4-5, silicalite, and Faujasite (FAU and EMT). The faujasite replicas allow nanocasting a new form of carbon cristalline solid made of tetrahedrally or hexagonally interconnected nanotubes. The pore size networks are nanometric giving to these materials optimized hydrogen molecular storage capacities. However, we demonstrate that these new carbon forms are not interesting for a room temperature efficient storage compared to the void space of a classical tank. We showed that doping with alkaline element such as lithium one could store the same quantities at 300 bars than a classical tank at 700 bars. This result is a possible route to achieve interesting performances for on-board docking systems
Kelouwani, Sousso. "Stratégie de commande d'un système à énergie renouvelable avec stockage d'hydrogène." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2002. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/2579/1/000694556.pdf.
Full textTantchou, Yakam Guy. "Modélisation en cyclage-fluage du comportement mécanique d'un liner thermoplastique collapsé utilisé dans les réservoirs de stockage d'hydrogène gazeux." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESMA0018/document.
Full textHyperbaric hydrogen storage vessels of type IV are encountering success for portable applications of fuel cell. During their use, these cylindric containers undergo repeated fill in/fill out cycles of H2-gaz. Under specific fillout conditions, an emerging detachment between the sealing inner layer (liner) and the composite wall, can be observed. This layer debonding also called collapse may limit the pressure release rate of H2-vessels or increase the residual gas pressure prescribed to avoid collapse.Experimental studies have been conducted by Air Liquide at vessel scale to identify some parameters responsible for the collapse onset. But the high cost of these studies and the complexity of the operating conditions makes the use of numerical tools necessary. That led to a numerical modeling approach. The main goal in the numerical approach is to model the cyclic mechanical response of a collapsed liner under fatigue – creep loadings.In this thesis, the purpose was to develop a mechanical constitutive law able to predict the cyclic deformation of a collapsed liner subjected to hydrogen pressure cycles.The liner was subjected to several environment variations due to: (i) the presence of residual water into the liner after initial hydraulic vessel tests, (ii) the temperature changes caused by the hydrogen compression/expansion, and (iii) the hydrogen diffusion/saturation. So, a preliminary work consisted in investigating the influence of each environmental factor on the polyamide 6 mechanical response. This first step allowed to outline a loading frame at laboratory scale that preserved main characteristics of the collapse phenomenon. Characterization tests on tensile specimens revealed that the liner could be modelled by a non linear viscoelastic law written within the thermodynamic framework of the irreversible processes in small deformations, and coupled with the temperature. Minor changes were introduced to extend the model capacity to capture liner behavior effects during fatigue – creep. These changes had negative impact on the manual method of model calibration, and consequently required to develop a specific identification strategy. The identification performance was assessed in different isothermal frames through stress rate, stress level and temperature effects. Then, the calibrated model was validated by taking temperature gradients into account, firstly on a tensile specimen, secondly within a H2-vessel
Lopez, Simon. "Modélisation de réservoirs chenalisés méandriformes : approche génétique et stochastique." Phd thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENMP1260.
Full textD'ambra, Florian. "Evaluation du système de stockage de l'hydrogène sous forme de liquide organique transporteur d'hydrogène (LOHC)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023. https://thares.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/2023GRALI029.pdf.
Full textHydrogen is an excellent energy vector to compensate for the intermittence of renewable energies, if it is stored and transported safely at low cost. However, hydrogen possesses a very low-density gas, thus its transport and storage present many challenges, both in terms of the quantity transported and in terms of its containment.A potential answer to these problems consists in using LOHC (Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier) type organic molecules. These are capable of creating covalent bonds with hydrogen, thus improving the safety and handling of hydrogen while maintaining volumetric densities of hydrogen comparable to those of traditional storage systems. Indeed, LOHCs have hydrogen gravimetric densities at room temperature and atmospheric pressure that can be higher than those of 700 bar or cryogenic storage systems while limiting the associated risks. In general, LOHCs are liquid molecules capable of storing and producing hydrogen at a desired location and time through catalytic exothermic hydrogenation and endothermic dehydrogenation reactions. Thus, the transportation of hydrogen consists in transporting a liquid instead of a gas with the dehydrogenation carried out at the point of use of the hydrogen. The hydrogen-poor LOHC is the only by-product of the reaction that can then be reused to store hydrogen again. Nevertheless, the high energy cost to dehydrogenate these molecules is a barrier to the emergence of this technology. This thesis objetcives are therefore to determine new LOHC molecules whose dehydrogenation enthalpy is lower than the dehydrogenation enthalpy of the state of the art N-Ethylcarbazole (50 kJ/mol H2). Then, experimental tests will evaluate the suitability of these molecules for their hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions.In this thesis, the viability of potential LOHCs was previously evaluated by calculating their thermodynamic properties by ab-inito Density Functional Theory. The liquid temperature range, gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen densities, synthetic accessibility, and safety were also considered. Although no LOHC potential had a lower enthalpy than N-Ethylcarbazole, these criteria highlighted the interest of previously unstudied bifunctional LOHCs, i.e. LOHC systems whose molecules can store/release hydrogen in/from two different chemical functions such as an aromatic ring/saturated ring and a ketone/alcohol. The performance and reaction mechanisms of the 1-Cyclohexylethanol/Acetophenone couple were evaluated with commercial heterogeneous catalysts in hydrogenation and dehydrogenation batch systems in order to develop suitable reaction conditions for its cycling.Then, the LOHC degradation pathways were identified for hydrogenation and dehydrogenation and the formation of degradation products was related to the different components of the LOHC system. Modification of the carrier, additives and modification of the LOHC structure to Dicyclohexylmethanol/Benzophenone were thus tested to block the degradation pathways.A methodology to regenerate the dehydrated LOHC was also developed. A new couple, Dodecahydrofluoren-9-ol/Fluoren-9-one was suggested due to the increased conversion of Fluorene to Fluoren-9-one under the developed conditions. The effect of regeneration on the LOHC cycling was then tested.Finally, the LOHC Cyclohexylmethanol/Benzylbenzoate couple was studied to highlight the effect of replacing the ketone function with an ester. The effects of the modification on the reactivity and stability of the LOHC couple were rationalized
Mercadé, Camille. "Modélisation de la dégradation d'un matériau composite carbone-époxy soumis à une sollicitation thermo-mécanique couplée. Application aux réservoirs d'hydrogène de type IV." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESMA0027/document.
Full textComposite materials made of carbon fibres and epoxy resin have remarkable specific properties that make them suitable for large-scale use in many areas where mass savings are required, such as transport. An example is the type IV hydrogen tank in motor vehicles. In the context of the safety of persons, the fire risk must then be considered: when a hydrogen tank undergoes thermal aggression such as a fire, its composite shell is subject to thermal decomposition which, coupled with heat transfers and damage due to mechanical loading, can lead to burst of the structure. To numerically predict the behaviour of tanks subjected to coupled load (thermal and mechanical), a model based on the phenomena having a major impact on the behaviour of the material has been developed. It involves, in a thermodynamic framework, matrix microcracking, fibre failure and fibre/matrix interfaces decohesion as well as delamination and represents the effects of temperature on mechanical properties. To this mechanical damage is added the thermal decomposition due to high temperatures (>350°C). It induces structural changes in the material due to the gasification of the epoxy resin, a change in thermal parameters (which has an influence on heat transfers) and a loss of mechanical properties.At the specimen scale, calculations are carried out to determine the parameters of the different sub-models. This includes initiation criteria and damage evolution laws, reaction parameters for thermal decomposition and thermal parameters (density, thermal capacity and conductivity) for each decomposition state. A method is proposed to determine the key parameters of thermomechanical coupling, namely the influence of thermal decomposition on mechanical behaviour. Fully coupled calculations are also performed to determine the weight of each phenomenon (temperature, thermal decomposition and mechanical damage) on the final failure of the material under fire exposure conditions.At the hyperbaric tank scale, burst pressure predictions, in a fire situation and at room temperature, are carried out. At room temperature, the role of each damage process in the ultimate pressure is evaluated to determine their relative weight in the modelling. Under fire conditions, the time to burst is evaluated when the tank is subjected to different internal pressures. The model is able to correctly predict the transition from a burst mode at high pressure to leak mode at lower pressure due to melting of the liner before the stress level is critical in the composite shell and leads to burst. This approach, implemented at the scale of the tank, therefore makes it possible to establish the sequence of events leading to burst (plies in which damage occurs, temperature field in the composite wall, burst time)
Lu, Xiao. "Contribution à l'étude du système oxydant peroxyde d'hydrogène-acide bromhydrique : application aux alcools et aux aldéhydes." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10043.
Full textBhouri, Maha. "Optimisation des transferts de chaleur dans un système de stockage d'hydrogène à base d'alanate de sodium." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2012. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4414/1/030309563.pdf.
Full textHuaringa, Alvarez Uriel Francisco. "La gestion des réservoirs du bassin versant de la rivière du Lièvre, Québec (Canada), dans un contexte de changements climatiques : impacts et stratégies d'adaptation." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5376.
Full textDoan, Thuy Kim Phuong. "Fonctionnement biogéochimique d'un barrage tropical : application au système turbide de Cointzio (Mexique)." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU011/document.
Full textLa qualité globale des eaux continentales (lacs et réservoirs) continue à se détériorer dans de nombreuses régions du Mexique. Le réservoir Cointzio, situé dans la partie sud du Plateau Central Mexicain, sur la ceinture “Trans-Mexicain Volcanique Belt » (TMVB), ne fait pas exception. Ce réservoir tropical turbide est un système monomictique chaud (surface = 6 km2, capacité = 66 Mm3, temps de séjour ~ 1 an). Il est stratégique pour l'approvisionnement en eau potable de la ville de Morelia, capitale de l'état du Michoacán, et pour l'irrigation en aval pendant la saison sèche. Le réservoir est menacé par l'accumulation des sédiments et des nutriments provenant d'eaux non traitées dans le bassin versant amont. La haute teneur en particules d'argile très fines et le manque d'installations de traitement de l'eau conduisent à de graves épisodes d'eutrophisation (jusqu'à 70 µg chl. a L-1) ainsi qu'à des périodes saisonnières de forte turbidité (profondeur de Secchi < 30 cm) et d'anoxie (de Mai à Octobre). Sur la base de mesures intensives de terrain réalisées en 2009 (échantillonnage dans le bassin versant, sédiments déposés, profils verticaux de l'eau, bilan entrées et sorties) nous avons présenté une étude intégrée du fonctionnement hydrodynamique et biogéochimique du réservoir Cointzio. Les profils verticaux de température (T), de concentration en sédiment en suspension (TSS), d'oxygène dissous (DO), de chlorophylle a, de carbone et de nutriments ont été utilisés pour évaluer les cycles internes au réservoir. Pour compléter l'analyse des données de terrain, nous avons examiné la capacité de différents modèles numériques 1DV (Aquasim modèle biogéochimique couplé avec le modèle de mélange k-ε) à (i) reproduire les principaux cycles biogéochimiques dans le réservoir Cointzio et (ii) préciser les scénarios de réduction des éléments nutritifs (P and N) pour limiter l'eutrophisation dans les prochaines décennies. Le modèle k-ε s'est avéré le plus robuste pour reproduire les conditions hydrodynamiques, en particulier la stratification modérée liée à la très grande turbidité et au régime soutenu de vent thermique. Le modèle Aquasim s'est avéré pertinent pour reproduire les principaux cycles de l'oxygène dissous DO, des nutriments et de la chlorophylle a au cours de l'année 2009. Les différentes simulations ont souligné l'impact négatif à long terme du réchauffement climatique. A la fin du siècle (2090), une augmentation de la température de l'air atteignant 4.4° C a été prédite à partir de modèles de circulation mondiale. Couplé avec une année hydrologique sèche, une telle situation pourrait conduire à des conditions anoxiques sévères et à des blooms importants de chlorophylle a (jusqu'à de 94 µg L-1). Diverses simulations ont montré que la réduction drastique de l'apport de nutriments (à 90%) serait nécessaire pour réduire de façon significative les teneurs en chlorophylle a. Si de telles mesures d'atténuation sont adoptées, le pic maximal de chlorophylle a se stabiliserait à 40 µg L-1, au lieu de 94 mg L-1, après une période de cinq ans d'efforts. À notre connaissance, cette étude fournit la première application numérique de modèles k-ε et AQUASIM pour simuler les niveaux d'eutrophisation élevés dans un réservoir tropical très turbide
Coucharrière, Carole. "Etude et mise au point d'un système d'activation du peroxyde d'hydrogène en délignification et blanchiment des pâtes chimiques." Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0095.
Full textThe aim of the study was to improve the efficiency of conventional hydrogen peroxide bleaching stages by the addition of chemical activators. Three activated systems were studied using nitrilamine (or dicyandiamide), tetraacethylethylenediamine (TAED), and finally phenanthroline. Nitrilamine was found to be a powerful activator for alkaline peroxide bleaching, and the results were in good agreement with the reaction mechanism proposed for lignin model compounds. Thereafter, the best place of a nitrilamine-peroxide activated stage in a full bleaching sequence was looked for. TAED activated stages were optimized on the basis of a kinetic model that predicted the effect of the reaction conditions on the generation and the stability of the reactive species, i. E. Peracetic acid. The model could be tested both under alkaline and acidic conditions. At acidic pH, conditions for efficiency and selective delignification were found. Combined sequences using acidic and alkaline conditions were proposed. Finally, phenanthroline actived stages were assessed and optimized. Electron spin resonance spectrometry was used to identify the role of several metal cations that affected the system, among which iron, copper and manganese received a particular attention. Lt was shown that complexes between phenanthroline, copper or iron and lignin moieties were formed. The order of addition of the various components of the system, including magnesium salts used here as a cellulose protector, was found critical. The phenanthroline activated peroxide stage was tested on several pulps and also in the presence of oxygen (Op type treatment). The use of other activators of the same family (polypyridines) was discussed
Van, Antwerpen Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude du pouvoir antioxydant de divers agents d'intérêt thérapeutique: ciblage du système myélopéroxydase/péroxyde d'hydrogène/chlorure." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210755.
Full textThe production of reactive oxygen species is strictly kept under control in the Human body. However, several conditions are characterized by the over-production or the uncontrolled production of these species, promoting damage to the host tissue. Among oxygen species producer, the myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/chloride system is a key element. This the consequence of the large quantity of myeloperoxidase found in neutrophils and that can be released rapidly during an inflammatory process. Moreover, hypochlorous acid, synthesized by this system, is a powerful oxidant.
We have studied the impact of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (oxicams, nimesulid and flufenamic acid) on three reactive oxygen species, namely, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid. The first results showed the weak antioxidant properties of these molecules and the necessity to focus on the myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/chloride system. During the study of the myeloperoxidase inhibition, it appeared that flufenamic acid was an efficient inhibitor that modulated the hypochlorous acid production and was directly oxidized by the enzyme.
Due to the efficacy of flufenamic acid, this molecule was tested in a model of myeloperoxidase-dependent low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and compared to thiol-containing molecules like N-AcetylCystein and its lysinate salt, glutathione and captopril. The results showed that flufenamic acid lost part of its inhibiting effect while thiol-containing molecules demonstrated an interesting inhibiting activity in this model. A potential explanation could be the ability of myeloperoxidase to bind lipoproteins, masking the entry of its catalytic pocket. In these conditions, the inhibitor size becomes a key parameter in the inhibition of the MPO-dependent low-density lipoprotein oxidation and N-AcetylCystein appears as a powerful inhibitor in this context. These results render N-AcetylCystein an excellent candidate for studies that focus on the reduction of cardiovascular pathology risk.
Le corps humain est le siège constant de la synthèse d’espèces oxygénées réactives dont la production contrôlée est indispensable au bon fonctionnement de l’organisme. Cependant dans de nombreuses pathologies, il arrive qu’une production exagérée et/ou incontrôlée de ces espèces aboutisse à des dégâts oxydatifs. Parmi les mécanismes de production d’espèces oxydantes, le système myéloperoxydase / peroxyde d’hydrogène / chlorure détient une place importante. Ceci est notamment la conséquence de la grande quantité de MPO présente dans les neutrophiles, pouvant être libérée très rapidement lors de l’inflammation. De plus l’acide l’hypochloreux synthétisé par ce système est un très bon oxydant.
Nous avons étudié l’impact des anti-inflammatoires non-stéroïdiens (oxicams, nimésulide et acide flufénamique) sur trois espèces oxygénées réactives :le radical hydroxyle, le peroxyde d’hydrogène et l’acide hypochloreux. Les premiers résultats montrent le faible pouvoir anti-oxydant des molécules testées et la nécessité de concentrer notre recherche sur le système myéloperoxydase / peroxyde d’hydrogène / chlorure, responsable de la synthèse de l’acide hypochloreux. Lors de l’étude de l’inhibition de ce système, il est ressorti que l’acide flufénamique est un bon inhibiteur de la myéloperoxydase car il inhibe la synthèse de l’acide hypochloreux en étant directement oxydé par l’enzyme.
En raison de l’efficacité de l’acide flufénamique, cette molécule a été testée dans un modèle d’oxydation des lipoprotéines de basse densité (LDL) par le système myéloperoxydase / peroxyde d’hydrogène / chlorure en comparaison avec des thiols tels que la N-acétylcystéine et son sel de lysine, le glutathion et le captopril. Les résultats montrent une perte importante du pouvoir d’inhibition de l’acide flufénamique dans ce modèle alors que les thiols et la N-acétylcystéine en particulier, présentent une efficacité non négligeable. Ce phénomène pourrait être attribué à la capacité de la myéloperoxydase de se fixer sur les lipoprotéines, ce qui pourrait masquer l’entrée du site catalytique. Dans ces conditions, la taille de la molécule devient un facteur crucial dans l’inhibition de l’oxydation des lipoprotéines de basse densité et la N-acétylcystéine apparaît dès lors comme un inhibiteur puissant dont les résultats en font un excellent candidat dans des études d’intervention visant la diminution du risque de pathologies cardiovasculaires chez certains patients.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bisson, Regis. "Interaction de l'hydrogène atomique avec les surfaces de silicium : réalisation du système expérimental, caractérisation et premiers résultats." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EPXX0032.
Full textGarnit, Sadok. "Etude d'un système de génération d'électricité comportant une pile à combustion PEM et un générateur d'hydrogène pour la voiture électrique." Paris, ENMP, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENMP1118.
Full textBonnaud, Estelle. "Hétérogénéités compositionnelles dans les réservoirs de gaz acides : compréhension et modélisation du rôle d'un aquifère actif." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENMP, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENMP0032.
Full textThe H2S occurrence in gas reservoirs is an important factor of economic depreciation. Thus, the knowledge of its content and distribution is a critical parameter when planning field development. Under typical reservoirs conditions of pressure and temperature, H2S is far more soluble than hydrocarbons and other gases. The preferential leaching of H2S by an active aquifer over time could explain the creation of compositional heterogeneities. The thesis aims at illustrating and quantifying this process based on numerical simulations performed with the two-phase transport and geochemical software Hytec, developed by Mines ParisTech (France). This mechanism may be controlled by: Differential solubility of gases, which changes the relative amounts of each gas near the gas-watercontact; Contact with an active aquifer, which can export the dissolved gases thus enhancing dissolution on the long-term; Diffusional transport in the gas phase, which transfers the compositional anomalies farther from the gas-water contact; Geological parameters (type of aquifer, permeability heterogeneities) which can modify the transport scenario
Demeure, Lauriane. "Comportement thermodynamique de réservoirs d’ergols cryogéniques : étude expérimentale et théorique d’un système de contrôle pour des missions spatiales de longue durée." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI068/document.
Full textThis PHD thesis deals with the study of a pressure control system inside a cryogenic propellant tank for long duration space missions. This system must be able to reduce propellant losses induced by direct venting, which is the simplest pressure control system. The alternative system which has been studied, called Thermodynamic Vent System (TVS), is based on reinjecting subcooled spray to make the pressure and temperature decrease in a heated tank. The system performance has been analysed developing simultaneously an experimental setup, adapted to laboratory environment, and a theoretical 0D-modelling of subcooled spray impact on tank's thermodynamic characteristics. Facing experimental and theoretical results has permitted to validate the 0D-modelling tool. Inputing the real system characteristics in theoretical modelling has enabled to assess the effective gains of thermodynamic vent system. Finally, optimal solutions to control pressure inside a cryogenic propellant tank for long duration space missions have been proposed
Nguyen, Thanh Hao. "Gestion optimale d’un système multi-réservoirs pour le contrôle des crues : Application au bassin versant du Vu Gia Thu Bon, Vietnam." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4027.
Full textThe main objective of the current research is to control flood flows and flood levels at various locations at the downstream of the Vu Gia Thu Bon catchment. Due to the characteristics of the system and the targeted optional objectives, a flood control operating strategy has been developed based on coupled simulation-optimization to reduce downstream flood damage of the multi-reservoir system by using spillway gates. The objective function is minimizing the total damages during the flood events that can be expressed as a function of water surface elevations at the inundation zones.The proposed method is based upon combining of three major components: (1) a hydraulic 1D model that allows simulating the flows in the river including the reservoir system, (2) an operation reservoir module adopted for simulation of the multi-reservoir considering physical constraints of the system as well as operation strategies, and (3) an optimization model applied to determine the best set of spillway gates levels, which specify the reservoir release.The method has been successfully implemented for the multi-reservoir system in the Vu Gia Thu Bon catchment. Three flood events in 2007, 2009 and 2017 were selected for demonstration. In order to assess performance of the approach and for comparison purpose, three developed scenarios that are representing operations the reservoir system in the historical, the current rules and the proposed model have been used. The results indicate that the proposed model provides much better performance for all scenarios in terms of reducing the peak flow as well as reducing the maximum water levels at downstream control points compared to the rest scenarios
Riou, Cindy. "Intéraction des spermatozoïdes avec l'épithélium du tractus génital femelle : réservoirs spermatiques, protéomique, et fertilité." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4051/document.
Full textIn avian species, the sperm storage mainly takes place in uterovaginal sperm storage tubules (SST) during several weeks. Mechanisms implied in this process are not fully understood. The effect of artificial insemination (AI) has been evaluated on the uterine fluid (UF) proteomic composition, and on SST candidate proteins, from hens exhibiting long (F+) or short (F-) sperm storage duration. Long sperm storage duration was associated with the relative abundance in UF after AI of proteoglycans (TSKU), proteoglycan binding proteins (HAPLN3, FN1, VTN), lipid transporters (VTG1, VTG2, APOA1, APOA4, APOH), and eggshell matrix proteins (OCX32). In contrast, poor sperm storage ability was associated with the regulation of immune factors (PIGR, immunoglobulins), pro-inflammatory factors (LTA4H), proteases (XPNPEP1), chaperone (HSPA8), mucins (MUC5AC, MUC5B), and ovalbumin related protein Y (OVALY). At the level of SST, eggshell matrix proteins (OC-116, OCX36, OC-17) were identified in SST cells and lumen. Long sperm storage duration was associated in SST with the luminal secretion of Glc/GlcNAc residues, ANXA4 apical mobilization, and non-activation of metabolic pathway implying PIGR, HSPA8, and ANXA5. In conclusion, the proteomic composition of UF and SST require specific regulation after insemination, most probably to guarantee the success of sperm storage process
Abdo, Hind. "Contrôle de la survie neuronale par les cellules gliales entériques dans des conditions de stress oxydant." Nantes, 2009. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=45923c5f-d920-45e7-8845-2c28e3f0a202.
Full textNeurodegeneration of the enteric nervous system (ENS) has been reported during various intestinal inflammatory conditions and neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system. Increasing evidence suggests that the enteric glial cells (EGC) are critical for enteric neurons functions. It has been suggested that, like astrocytes in central nervous system, EGC may have neuroprotective properties. Nevertheless, this putative neuroprotective role of EGC has never been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the control of neuronal survival by EGC under oxidative stress conditions. Using specific adenoviral transduction, we first demonstrated that specific ablation of EGC in primary cultures of ENS promotes basal neuronal cell death and amplify neuronal death induced by dopamine or hydrogen peroxide. In co-culture experiments, EGC had neuroprotective effects both on ENS primary cultures and human neuroblastoma cells. These effects were also obtained by EGC conditioned medium suggesting that one or more soluble factors are involved. Among these factors, we identified reduced glutathione (GSH) responsible of direct and rapid neuroprotection by EGC. GSH involvement has been shown by inhibiting its synthesis using genetic (RNA interference) and pharmacological approaches. We also identified a second mediator, the 6-derivative 15d-PGJ2, involved in the preventive and long term neuroprotection by EGC. The direct implication of 15d-PGJ2 pathway of EGC has been shown by using specific gene silencing. Finally we demonstrated that intestinal epithelial cells, cells in the proximity of enteric neurons, can also protect neurons against oxidative stress. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that EGC play a crucial role in the control of neuronal survival against oxidative stress. Therefore increasing EGC neuroprotective capacities could be of therapeutic interest in enteric neuropathies
Dagdougui, Hanane. "Système d'aide à la décision pour la durabilité des systèmes énergétiques renouvelables et des infrastructures d'hydrogène : modélisation, contrôle et analyse de risques." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00679421.
Full textBertier, Luc. "Étude et modélisation d'une plate-forme industrielle de production d'hydrogène par électrolyse de vapeur d'eau à haute température." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0127/document.
Full textHTSE field (High Temperature Steam Electrolysis) is moving from the research phase to development phase. It?s now necessary to prove and to possibly improve the technology competitiveness. Therefore we need a tool able to allow communication between hydrogen producers and electrolysis cell stack designers. Designers seek where their efforts have to focus, for example by searching what are the operating best conditions for HTSE (voltage, temperature). On the contrary, the producer wants to choose the most suitable stack for its needs and under the best conditions: hydrogen has to be produced at the lowest price. Two main constraints have been identified to reach this objective: the tool has to be inserted into a process simulation software and needs to be representative of the cell and stack used technology. These constraints are antagonistic. Making an object model in a process simulation usually involves a highly simplified representation of it. To meet these constraints, we have built a model chain starting from the electrode models and leading to a representative model of the HTSE technology used process. Work and added value of this thesis mainly concern a global and local energy optimization approach. Our model allows at each scale an appropriate analysis of the main phenomena occurring in each object and a quantification of the energy and economic impacts of the technology used. This approach leads to a tool able to achieve the technical and economic optimization of a HTSE production unit
Chrenko, Daniela. "Modélisation par Représentation Energétique Macroscopique et Commande d'un Système Pile à Combustible basse Température, alimenté en Hydrocarbure." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00358312.
Full textLes SPAC alimentés en hydrocarbure sont des systèmes complexes, multi physiques qui combinent différent domaines énergétiques c'est à dire électro-chimique, électrique, pneumatique et thermique. Un tel système fonctionne seulement dans des conditions opérationnelles bien définies. La mise en oeuvre d'un SPAC demande donc un système de contrôle bien adapté. L'approche classique du développement d'une commande suppose souvent de définir la fonction de transfert du système complet ce qui est difficile, voire impossible, compte tenu de la complexité du système considéré. En conséquence, la structure de commande des systèmes complexes multi-domaines se base souvent sur des observations empiriques ou sur l'expertise. Il s'agit ici de trouver une approche systématique qui permet de déduire la structure de la commande à partir de la description du système. Une telle approche vise à simplifier le développement de la structure de commande pour des systèmes complexes multi domaines et à assurer que la structure de la commande est adaptée aux besoins du système.
Dans ce travail, un modèle complet d'un SPAC basse température alimenté en diesel commercial est présenté. Il est adapté au développement de la structure de commande. Le SPAC étudié est destiné à fournir d'une part une puissance électrique de 25kW, d'autre part de la chaleur valorisée sous cette forme ou utilisée pour la climatisation.
Dans le chapitre 2, différentes méthodologies de modélisation sont présentées. Leur degré de pertinence est évalué pour modéliser des systèmes complexes multi domaines et pour être utilisé pour le développement de la structure de la commande. La Représentation Énergétique Macroscopique (REM) est identifiée comme la méthodologie la mieux adaptée.
Dans le chapitre 3 un modèle de dispositif de transformation du combustible est présenté et implanté dans Matlab/Simulink(TM). Pour obtenir un mélange riche en hydrogène, l'hydrocarbure doit être fractionné. Par la suite, le mélange de gaz doit être purifié afin d'éviter la contamination de la pile à combustible par des dérivés soufrés et/ou par du monoxyde de carbone.
Dans le chapitre 4, un modèle de stack est présenté. Il prend en compte les débits gazeux dans les différentes couches, l'humidification de la membrane et la tension de pile.
Il existe deux technologies de piles à combustibles basse température. Le modèle est développé pour la technologie la plus connue (Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell - PEFC), mais la technologie émergente (High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell - HTPEMFC) montre des avantages concernant le volume du système et l'utilisation de la chaleur. Ainsi, les modèles du fuel processeur et du stack pile à combustible ont été adaptés à la technologie émergente. La simplicité de l'adaptation souligne l'avantage de l'utilisation d'une approche modulaire pour la modélisation.
Le modèle est validé à partir de valeurs mesurées, de valeurs de la littérature et de valeurs fournies par le constructeur du système.
Pour confirmer que le modèle peut être utilisé pour le développement de la structure de commande, celle concernant la température et les débits de gaz pour le SPAC est développée au chapitre 5. La structure de commande peut être obtenue par une inversion bloc par bloc du modèle. L'approche donne une structure de commande mais le choix des régulateurs et leur paramétrage est du ressort du développeur. L'application de la commande montre qu'en utilisant la REM, il est possible de dériver la structure de la commande a partir du modèle d'un système complexe multi domaine, sans avoir besoin de la fonction de transfert du système entier.
Le travail est accompli dans le cadre du projet national française GAPPAC composante du programme PAN-H de l'Agence National de la Recherche (ANR). Il regroupe des partenaires industriels (N-GHY, Airbus et Nexter) et
universitaires (LMFA, Armines, IFFI, INRETS LTN et l'institut FCLAB).
Drougard, Anne. "Implication de l'apeline hypothalamique dans la transition entre un statut sain et un statut obèse/diabétique via la mise en place d'une voie péroxyde d'hydrogène hypothalamique-système nerveux autonome-foie." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2462/.
Full textHypothalamus is brain area involved in the control of glucose homeostasis. In response to many factors, hypothalamic activity will be modified, generating a change in activity of peripheral tissues via the autonomic nervous system. This loop of regulation generates an adjustment of glucose metabolism while its alteration leads to diseases such as diabetes type 2. During this thesis, we are interested in apelin, an adipokine also released by hypothalamic neurons. In the context of type 2 diabetes, apelin levels are increased in the blood and in the hypothalamus. Thus, we have demonstrated that the intracerebroventricular injection in normal mice, of high levels of apelin similar to that observed in the hypothalamus of obese and diabetic mice generates type 2 diabetes characteristics. This high level of apelin triggers hypothalamic Reactive Oxygen Species release such as H2O2 which over-activates sympathetic nervous system and targets liver increasing hepatic glucose production by glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. This hypothalamic H2O2 - autonomous nervous system - liver pathway is also found in a mouse model overexpressing apelin in the ventromedial nucleus. This pathway is always present and amplified in obese/diabetic mice demonstrating a lack of resistance to apelin. Thus this thesis brings to highlight that high levels of hypothalamic apelin are involved in the onset of type 2 diabetes
Le, Goff Johan. "Evolution tectono-sédimentaire du système carbonaté "Plateforme Apulienne - Bassin Ionien" au Crétacé supérieur dans le sud de l'Albanie : faciès, géométries, diagénèse et propriétés réservoirs associées." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30024/document.
Full textThe evolution of tropical carbonate platforms depends on complex interacting factors influencing the sedimentation, such as tectonism, climate, eustacy, hydrodynamism etc… Due to this complexity, it has been of scientific interest for decades. Carbonate platforms are not only prone to accumulate sediments, but also represent prolific carbonates “factories” producing more than they can store on their tops. Excess sediments are shed basinward. Platform-to-basin transitions exemplify interactions between in-situ carbonate production, transfer and sedimentary accumulations resulting from re-sedimentation. In south-west Albania, the Upper Cretaceous carbonate series are made up of platform and basinal deposits. Sedimentary successions are presently integrated in the Dinarides-Hellenides fold-and thrust belt that originate from a Plio-Holocene phase of the Alpine Orogeny. The paleogeographic setting during the Late Cretaceous reveals a juxtaposition of mega-platforms and adjacent basins, partly filled with sediments derived from the shelf edge. Our scientific investigations focused on five study areas. Macro- and microfacies descriptions are provided for eight platform and basin successions. Sedimentary units are defined and mapped on each study area, supporting the stratigraphic reconstruction of the system. Dating is based on biostratigraphy and supported by strontium-isotope data. Regarding platform deposits, facies descriptions are seconded by complementary methods of petrography (cathodoluminescence, epifluorescence, scanning electron microscopy), petrophysics (mercury intrusion porosimetry), and geochemistry (stable carbon and oxygen isotopes), aiming to precise the sedimentation dynamics and reservoir properties of the succession. The sedimentation conditions are specified: i) within the platform, ten specific facies are identified, precising the depositional setting that comprise supra-, inter- and subtidal environments. These facies are integrated in distinctive stacking patterns (small-scale-sequences) pointing to a cyclic sedimentary dynamic controlled by high-frequency and low-amplitude sea level changes; ii) the basinal deposits comprise fourteen facies classified according to the dominant grain-support mechanism. Spatial distribution of the deposits allowed identifying the provenance and preferential sources of calciclatic sediments. The tectono-sedimentary evolution of the platform-to-basin system during the Late Cretaceous can be subdivided into two sequences: i) from the Cenomanian to the Turonian, the platform sedimentation is characterized by a substantial aggradation (700 meters) of intertidal small-scale sequences. No significant transfer was evidenced in the adjacent Ionian Basin, pointing to stable conditions in a subsiding context; ii) the Coniacian-Santonian interval evidences the establishment of a rudist platform massively shedding sediments basinward during the Campanian. A clear progradation of gravity-flow deposits is attested during this period. During the Upper Campanian and Maastrichtian, this transfer is accentuated by the setting of tectonically-triggered slumps resulting from the dismantling of the platform edge
Doan, Thuy kim Phuong. "Fonctionnement biogéochimique d'un barrage tropical : application au système turbide de Cointzio (Mexique)." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01067849.
Full textFontaine, Nicolas. "Modélisation de système synthétique pour la production de biohydrogène." Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0016/document.
Full textHydrogen is a candidate for the next generation fuel with a high energy density and an environment friendly behavior in the energy production phase. Micro-organism based biological production of hydrogen currently suffers low hydrogen production yields because the living cells must sustain different cellular activities other than the hydrogen production to survive. To circumvent this, a team have designed a synthetic cell-free system by combining 13 different enzymes to synthesize hydrogen from cellobiose. This assembly has better yield than microorganism-based systems. We used methods based on differential equations calculations to investigate how the initial conditions and the kinetic parameters of the enzymes influenced the productivity of a such system and, through simulations, to identify those conditions that would optimize hydrogen production starting with cellobiose as substrate. Further, if the kinetic parameters of the component enzymes of such a system are not known, we showed how, using artificial neural network, it is possible to identify alternative models that allow to have an idea of the kinetics of hydrogen production. During our study on the system using cellobiose, other cell-free assemblies were engineered to produce hydrogen from different raw materials. Interested in the reconstruction of synthetic systems, we decided to conceive various tools to help the automation of the assembly and the modelling of these new synthetic networks. This work demonstrates how modeling can help in designing and characterizing cell-free systems in synthetic biology
Leh, David. "Optimisation du dimensionnement d'un réservoir composite type IV pour stockage très haute pression d'hydrogène." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00942731.
Full textNavelot, Vivien. "Caractérisations structurale et pétrophysique d'un système géothermique en contexte volcanique d'arc de subduction : exemple de l’archipel de Guadeloupe." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0339/document.
Full textThe Vieux-Habitants area gathers indicators allowing to suppose a high-temperature hydrothermal system. The interpretation of geophysical data acquired for the exploration of this system requires the analysis of analogues. Several hydrothermal paleo-systems were studied in order to propose a conceptual model of a geothermal system for the Vieux-Habitants area. Studies of these analogues are based on a multi-scale study of the brittle deformation and a petrophysical characterization of the different volcanic rocks. The organization of fractures indicates the occurrence of a characteristic scale for each level of observation. Volcano-sedimentary units are far less deformed compared to highly fractured lavas. The brittle deformation in volcano-sedimentary deposits is highly localized in fractured corridors. Some fault intersections control major fluid flow at the kilometer scale. Moreover, the most hydrothermalized rocks are localized in the vicinity of these intersections. Volcanic rocks are divided according to their mechanism of formation (lava, debris flow…) and their degree of alteration. They exhibit strong heterogeneities of petrophysical properties. Fresh rocks are separated in two distinct groups, on one side lavas and on the other side debris flows and pyroclastic deposits. Hydrothermal alteration produces mineralogical replacements involving a complete reorganization of both the matrix skeleton and the pore network. It is marked by a removal of magnetic signal, an increase of porosity and permeability in lavas and a decrease of these properties in debris flows and pyroclastic deposits. Therefore, hydrothermalized rocks form a group with intermediate reservoir properties between the two groups of fresh rocks. The reservoir model combines both structural components and lithological heterogeneities that allow an efficient fluid transfer, whereas the matrix properties of primary and secondary origins will rather control the fluid and heat storage properties
Bonnaud, Estelle. "Hétérogénéités compositionnelles dans les réservoirs de gaz acides : compréhension et modélisation du rôle d'un aquifère actif." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00752403.
Full textLafont, François. "Influences relatives de la subsidence et de l'eustatisme sur la localisation et la géométrie des réservoirs d'un système deltaïque : exemple de l'Eocène du bassin de Jaca, Pyrénées espagnoles." Rennes 1, 1994. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00653783.
Full textZhou, Tao. "Commande et supervision énergétique d'un générateur hybride actif éolien incluant du stockage sous forme d'hydrogène et des super-condensateurs pour l'intégration dans le système électrique d'un micro réseau." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00474041.
Full textLeguizamón, Guerra Néstor Camilo. "Influence cinétique de H2S sur la pyrolyse des hydrocarbures aromatiques aux pressions de réservoirs géologiques (700 bar) : étude expérimentale du système n-butylbenzène – H2S comparée au n-butylbenzène pur." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0150/document.
Full textUnderstanding of hydrocarbon composition in oil reservoirs is a major issue in order to assess the feasibility and the implications of further extraction of buried resources. The presence of acidic gases as well as corrosive compounds can make the difference between an extraction project that will be developed and another that will be considered as unsustainable. In this context, the presence of H2S plays a major role, due to H2S toxicity and the economic investments needed to separate it and to reduce the concentration of related sulfur compounds to permitted levels required by current legislations. Although it is known that high concentrations in carbonate oil reservoirs are produced by the reaction between hydrocarbons and sulfate ions (SO42-) in the aqueous phase, the influence of H2S on petroleum cracking and on the formation of sulfur compounds is little known. In this thesis, the influence of H2S on the cracking of aromatic hydrocarbons under oil reservoir pressure and temperature conditions was studied by confined pyrolysis artificial maturation of a model compound (n-butylbenzene) with and without presence of H2S. Thus, the pure n-butylbenzene and the n-butylbenzene-H2S mixture were pyrolyzed in the gold capsules at temperatures between 310 °C and 350 °C at a constant pressure of 700 bar for periods from 3 to 15 days. The results of pure n-butylbenzene pyrolysis allowed the construction and validation of a detailed kinetic model whose extrapolation to geological temperatures and pressures (200 °C, 700 bar) shows that the average half-life of n-butylbenzene is similar to that of alkanes. Some formation pathways of the major sulfur-containing compounds H2S (thiols and phenylthiophens) produced by interaction between n-butylbenzene have been proposed. These formation pathways highlight the control of the aliphatic chain reactions on the cracking of the alkyl-aromatic compounds at the experimental conditions of this study. Comparison of the two experimental systems in the presence and absence of H2S also exposed the accelerating effect of H2S cracking on n-butylbenzene and long-chain alkyl aliphatic compounds under pyrolysis conditions
Clauzier, Stéphanie. "Etude de la solubilité de l'hydrogène dans des liquides confinés." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00996409.
Full textArgoubi, Majdi El. "Optimisation de la gestion d’un réseau hydrographique en périodes de crues." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ECLI0002.
Full textA decision support system (DSS) has been developed for integrated, real-time flood control in a multi-reservoir system. The DSS integrates a geographic information system (GIS) with an optimization module, and a graphical dialog interface allowing effective use by system operators. A neuro-dynamic programming technique (NDP), which overcomes numerous limitations of dynamic programming (DP), is introduced for determining the optimal release policy under flood conditions. Results obtained in a real-world case study are finally presented
Kieffer, Flore. "Contribution à l'étude du mode d'action de la cryptogéine : effet sur la composition pariétale et caractérisation du système producteur de formes actives de l'oxygène chez les cellules de tabac (Nicotiana tabacum var. Xanthi)." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS031.
Full textMahha, Yahdih. "Nouveaux précurseurs ou catalyseurs pour l'oligomérisation des lactones par le dioxygène et époxydation des oléfines en catalyse par transfert de phase en présence du peroxyde d'hydrogène : application à la valorisation des ressources naturelles et à la protection de l'environnement." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066061.
Full textCasenave, Viviane. "Architecture et dynamique des migrations d'hydrocarbures dans une couverture sédimentaire à hydrates de gaz : implications sur le système pétrolier (bassin du Bas Congo)." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT143/document.
Full textEvidence of fluid flow features and their mechanisms of migration through the sedimentary pile are a known phenomenon on continental margins. It has been widely studied over the past twenty years, notably due to the improved resolution of seismic data and the abundance of data in these areas due to oil and gas exploration.The Lower Congo basin, offshore West Africa, is a prolific petroleum province that has been extensively studied, and has been in operation for over 30 years. The area of interest is located above a producing oil field (the Moho license), in which hydrocarbons are trapped in turbidite channels. The work is primarily based on the analysis of geophysical data including 3D and 2D-THR seismic, multibeam bathymetry and corresponding backscatter, as well as background data (samples taken from ROV photos, geochemical analyses).The analysis of this important seismic dataset revealed abundant evidence of fluid migration in the Mio-Pliocene sedimentary pile. They mainly correspond to indications of vertically focused migration, including current fluid expulsion structures on the seafloor, and buried structures, interpreted as fossile and indicating former activity of the fluid expulsion system. The studied fluid migration features mainly consist of pockmarks (depressions) and carbonate cementations. These two types of indicators can build vertical stacks, over several hundred meters, highlighting the durability of the fluid escapes and suggesting the development of real pipes.A new type of pockmarks has been discovered, the spider structures, which are located above a turbiditic reservoir, and which result from a focused migration of thermogenic hydrocarbons. They are related to gas hydrates, in the context of a sloping BSR (Bottom Simulating Reflector), due to the presence of the hydrate wedge. A dynamic model of their functioning is proposed, showing that these structures develop upslope, due to the gas migration under the sloping BSR. A study of the BSR, in the particular context of the hydrates wedge, allows to propose a model of gas escapes, linked to the dissociation of the hydrates, during a sea level fall. This model presents a dissociation of gas hydrates of regional scale (associated with biogenic gas), localized at the gas hydrate wedge zone of the last lowstand. Finally, the network of fluid escape structures of the Mio-Pliocene interval was investigated in order to understand its architecture and the mechanisms of fluid migration in the study area. Hydrocarbons appear to migrate mainly along certain portions of faults and vertically crosscutting the sedimentary pile through pipes or chimneys. The base of the Pliocene, associated with a sea level fall, marks the formation of the first paleo-spiders, as well as a level containing numerous evidence of gas. A model of this network of fluid migrations is proposed, integrating the indicators of hydrocarbon migrations through the sedimentary pile, and the major event of the Pliocene base. This study seems to indicate that a the sea level fall constitute a trigger for the fluids migrations, in the basin.This work thus marks the starting point of a larger-scale investigation which consists in, on the one hand, searching for similar structures (spiders and bands of pockmarks) in other basins ; and, on the other hand, by comparing fluid flow events with the eustatic curve
Bichet, Vincent. "Impact des contraintes environnementales sur la production sédimentaire d'un bassin versant jurassien au cours du postglaciaire. Le système limnologique de Chaillexon (Doubs - France)." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00376301.
Full textAgbli, Kréhi Serge. "Modélisation multiphysique des flux énergétiques d'un couplage photovoltaïque-électrolyseur PEM-pile à combustible PEM en vue d'une application stationnaire." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767882.
Full textDoyemet, Alfred. "Le système aquifère de la région de Bangui (RCA) : conséquences des caractéristiques géologiques du socle sur la dynamique, les modalités de recharge et la qualité des eaux souterraines." Lille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL10080.
Full textKuoch, Kevin. "Processus de contact avec ralentissements aléatoires : transition de phase et limites hydrodynamiques." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05S020/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we study an interacting particle system that generalizes a contact process, evolving in a random environment. The contact process can be interpreted as a spread of a population or an infection. The motivation of this model arises from behavioural ecology and evolutionary biology via the sterile insect technique ; its aim is to control a population by releasing sterile individuals of the same species: the progeny of a female and a sterile male does not reach sexual maturity, so that the population is reduced or potentially dies out. To understand this phenomenon, we construct a stochastic spatial model on a lattice in which the evolution of the population is governed by a contact process whose growth rate is slowed down in presence of sterile individuals, shaping a dynamic random environment. A first part of this document investigates the construction and the properties of the process on the lattice Z^d. One obtains monotonicity conditions in order to study the survival or the extinction of the process. We exhibit the existence and uniqueness of a phase transition with respect to the release rate. On the other hand, when d=1 and now fixing initially the random environment, we get further survival and extinction conditions which yield explicit numerical bounds on the phase transition. A second part concerns the macroscopic behaviour of the process by studying its hydrodynamic limit when the microscopic evolution is more intricate. We add movements of particles to births and deaths. First on the d-dimensional torus, we derive a system of reaction-diffusion equations as a limit. Then, we study the system in infinite volume in Z^d, and in a bounded cylinder whose boundaries are in contact with stochastic reservoirs at different densities. As a limit, we obtain a non-linear system, with additionally Dirichlet boundary conditions in bounded domain
Ebrahimiyekta, Alireza. "Characterization of geochemical interactions and migration of hydrogen in sandstone sedimentary formations : application to geological storage." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2016/document.
Full textUnderground hydrogen storage has been introduced as storage solution for renewable energy systems as it offers a unique potential to store large amounts of energy, especially in sedimentary formations such as sandstones. However, evaluating the underground hydrogen storage requires a precise knowledge of the hydrodynamic behavior of the fluids and of mineralogical transformations due to the presence of hydrogen that may affect the storage properties. Therefore, this study is consists in three parts: 1- Study of geochemical reactivity of hydrogen in sandstone sedimentary formations: The experimental products bear the mark of only very limited reaction between sandstone minerals and hydrogen. Taken together with the numerical results, this study demonstrates that hydrogen, once injected, can be considered as relatively inert. Overall, our results support the feasibility of hydrogen confinement in geological reservoirs such as sandstones. 2- Study of the migration of hydrogen in sandstone: determination of relative permeability and capillary pressure of hydrogen-water system: To provide quantitative data for the development of underground hydrogen storage, capillary pressures and relative permeabilities of hydrogen-water system have been measured at two potential conditions. The interpretation of the results would suggest that the obtained data are applicable for the entire range of hydrogen storage conditions. Interfacial tensions and contact angles for the hydrogen-water system have been also derived. 3- Numerical simulation of a geological hydrogen storage site: The numerical simulation was performed to characterize the evolution of pure hydrogen storage, by considering the seasonal fluctuation of renewable energy and the effect of hydrogen loses due to the biotic reactions
Buchheit, Pauline. "Le recueil de multiples finalités de l'environnement en amont d'un diagnostic de vulnérabilité et de résilience : Application à un bassin versant au Laos." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IAVF0008.
Full textLao PDR is a landlocked country with low population density, which stands nowadays in a process of regional economic integration, after suffering wars related to decolonization and Cold War during several decades. A very fast economic growth, based on the development of infrastructures of transport and natural resource exploitation, has led to large differentiated impacts on populations and their resource based livelihoods. The concepts of resilience and vulnerability have been used in different disciplines to analyze and manage the dynamics of geographical areas and social groups facing rapid and uncertain changes. Both concepts are used within a variety of frameworks of analysis of society-environment relationships. While all reviewed frameworks take into account multiple scales of analysis in order to tackle the complexity of the studied phenomena, they do not, however, assess vulnerability and resilience at the same scales. In particular, some frameworks are actor-centered, while others are system-centered. The scale and limit of the socioecological system whose resilience or vulnerability is assessed depend on the issues that the authors want to tackle. Before such an assessment, it seems necessary to identify the issues of resilience and vulnerability that we want to address. This task should not be taken over by scientists alone, but by other stakeholders as well. The question is: how can we incorporate multiple viewpoints in the system design? For this, our framework considers a socioecological system both as a specific representation of the environment offered by a stakeholder, and as a set of elements contributing to one function. This system is organized in a hierarchy of levels of observation, in which each level corresponds to an intermediary function. We developed and tested a process to collect system representations of the environment from various stakeholders, that is to say, the way they structure a socioecological system that makes sense to them, according to the purposes that they assign to their environment. This approach has been tested in the catchment area of the Nam Lik river, Fuang district, Vientiane province, where the Nam Lik 1-2 hydropower dam was built in 2010. A series of workshops were held with residents of the study area, employees of local government and Lao National University teachers. At the earliest stage of a vulnerability or resilience assessment in the field study, this thesis proposes a reflection on the possible framings of these concepts, as well as methods to collect them from multiple stakeholders
Yassuda, Yamashita Damiela. "Hierarchical Control for Building Microgrids." Thesis, Poitiers, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021POIT2267.
Full textRepresenting more than one-third of global electricity consumption, buildings undergo the most important sector capable of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promote the share of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). The integrated RES and electric energy storage system in buildings can assist the energy transition toward a low-carbon electricity system while allowing end-energy consumers to benefit from clean energy. Despite its valuable advantages, this innovative distributed Building Microgrids (BM) topology requires significant changes in the current electric grid, which is highly dependent on grid energy policies and technology breakthroughs.The complexity of designing a robust Energy Management System (EMS) capable of managing all electric components inside the microgrid efficiently without harming the main grid stability is one of the greatest challenge in the development of BM. To mitigate the harmful effects of unpredictable grid actors, the concept of self-consumption has been increasingly adopted. Nonetheless, further technical-economic analysis is needed to optimally manage the energy storage systems to attain higher marks of self-consumption.Faceing these issues, the purpose of this doctoral thesis is to propose a complete framework for designing a building EMS for microgrids installed in buildings capable of maximising the self-consumption rate at minimum operating cost. Among all possible control architectures, the hierarchical structure has proved effective to handle conflicting goals that are not in the same timeframe. Hence, a Hierarchical Model Predictive (HMPC) control structure was adopted to address the uncertainties in the power imbalance as well as the trade-off between costs and compliance with the French grid code.Considering that buildings are not homogeneous and require solutions tailored to their specific conditions, the proposed controller was enhanced by two data-driven modules. The first data-driven algorithm is to handle inaccuracies in HMPC internal models. Without needing to tune any parameter, this algorithm can enhance the accuracy of the battery model up to three times and improve up to ten times the precision of the hydrogen storage model. This makes the building EMS more flexible and less dependent on pre-modelling steps.The second data-oriented algorithm determines autonomously adequate parameters to HMPC to relieve the trade-off between economic and energy aspects. Relying only on power imbalance data analysis and local measurements, the proposed hierarchical controller determines which energy storage device must run daily based on the estimation of the annual self-consumption rate and the annual microgrid operating cost. These estimations decrease microgrid expenditure because it avoids grid penalties regarding the requirements of annual self-consumption and reduces the degradation and maintenance of energy storage devices.The proposed EMS also demonstrated being capable of exploiting the potentials of shifting in time the charging of batteries of plug-in electric vehicles. The simulation confirmed that the proposed controller preferably charges electric vehicles’ batteries at periods of energy surplus and discharges them during periods of energy deficit, leading the building microgrid to reduce grid energy exchange. The results also showed that electric vehicle batteries' contribution depends on the size of the vehicle parking, their arrival and departure time, and the building’s net power imbalance profile. In conclusion, through simulations using the dataset of both public and residential buildings, the proposed hierarchical building EMS proved its effectiveness to handle different kinds of energy storage devices and foster the development of forthcoming building microgrids