Journal articles: 'System radiobiology'

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Baverstock, K., and H. Nikjoo. "Can a system approach help radiobiology?" Radiation Protection Dosimetry 143, no. 2-4 (December 15, 2010): 536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncq467.

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Kobayashi, K., N. Usami, K. Hieda, K. Takakura, H. Maezawa, and T. Hayashi. "Development of microbeam irradiation system for radiobiology." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 467-468 (July 2001): 1329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(01)00659-3.

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Kobayashi, K., N. Usami, H. Maezawa, T. Hayashi, K. Hieda, and K. Takakura. "Synchrotron X-Ray Microbeam Irradiation System for Radiobiology." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 2, no. 2 (August 1, 2006): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2006.020.

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Santacroce, Antonio, Marcel A. Kamp, Wilfried Budach, and Daniel Hänggi. "Radiobiology of Radiosurgery for the Central Nervous System." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/362761.

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According to Leksell radiosurgery is defined as “the delivery of a single, high dose of irradiation to a small and critically located intracranial volume through the intact skull.” Before its birth in the early 60s and its introduction in clinical therapeutic protocols in late the 80s dose application in radiation therapy of the brain for benign and malignant lesions was based on the administration of cumulative dose into a variable number of fractions. The rationale of dose fractionation is to lessen the risk of injury of normal tissue surrounding the target volume. Radiobiological studies of cell culture lines of malignant tumors and clinical experience with patients treated with conventional fractionated radiotherapy helped establishing this radiobiological principle. Radiosurgery provides a single high dose of radiation which translates into a specific toxic radiobiological response. Radiobiological investigations to study the effect of high dose focused radiation on the central nervous system began in late the 50s. It is well known currently that radiobiological principles applied for dose fractionation are not reproducible when single high dose of ionizing radiation is delivered. A review of the literature about radiobiology of radiosurgery for the central nervous system is presented.

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Kobayashi, Katsumi, Noriko Usami, Hiroshi Maezawa, Tohru Hayashi, Kotaro Hieda, and Kaoru Takakura. "Development of photon microbeam irradiation system for radiobiology." International Congress Series 1258 (November 2003): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0531-5131(03)01213-5.

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Pollycove, Myron, and Ludwig E. Feinendegen. "Low-dose radioimmuno-therapy of cancer." Human & Experimental Toxicology 27, no. 2 (February 2008): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327107083411.

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Four decades of genomic, cellular, animal and human data have shown that low-dose ionizing radiation stimulates positive genomic and cellular responses associated with effective cancer prevention and therapy and increased life span of mammals and humans. 1—8 Nevertheless, this data is questioned because it seems to contradict the well demonstrated linear relation between ionizing radiation dose and damage to DNA without providing a clear mechanistic explanation of how low-dose radiation could produce such beneficial effects. This apparent contradiction is dispelled by current radiobiology that now includes DNA damage both from ionizing radiation and from endogenous metabolic free radicals, and coupled with the biological response to low-dose radiation. Acceptance of current radiobiology would invalidate long established recommendations and regulations of worldwide radiation safety organizations and so destroy the basis of the very expensive existing system of regulation and remediation. More importantly, current radiobiology would facilitate urgently needed clinical trials of low dose radiation (LDR) cancer therapy.

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Inkret, W. C., Y. Eisen, W. F. Harvey, A. M. Koehler, and M. R. Raju. "Radiobiology of α Particles: I. Exposure System and Dosimetry." Radiation Research 123, no. 3 (September 1990): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3577737.

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Usami, N., K. Kobayashi, K. Eguchi-Kasai, H. Maezawa, K. Takakura, K. Hieda, and T. Hayashi. "3P294 Development of synchrotron X-ray microbeam irradiation system for radiobiology." Seibutsu Butsuri 45, supplement (2005): S277. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.45.s277_2.

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Jagannathan, Jay, Jonathan H. Sherman, Gautam U. Mehta, and Lawrence S. Chin. "Radiobiology of brain metastasis: applications in stereotactic radiosurgery." Neurosurgical Focus 22, no. 3 (March 2007): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.2007.22.3.5.

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✓Stereotactic radiosurgery is a neurosurgical modality in which a target lesion can be irradiated while sparing normal brain tissue. In some respects, brain metastasis is well suited for radiosurgery, as metastatic lesions tend to be small and well circumscribed and displace (but do not infiltrate) normal brain tissue, facilitating the delivery of radiation. Advances in stereotactic radiosurgical planning, such as blocking patterns and beam shaping, have allowed further targeting of discrete lesions while minimizing the effect of radiation toxicity on the central nervous system. In this paper the authors review the radiobiology of brain metastases and stereotactic radiosurgical approaches that can be used to treat these tumors safely.

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Willey, C. "SP-0348 Patient-derived xenografts as a model system for radiobiology research." Radiotherapy and Oncology 161 (August 2021): S254—S255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(21)08565-0.

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Golden, Encouse, and Silvia Formenti. "Is tumor (R)ejection by the immune system the “5th R” of radiobiology?" OncoImmunology 3, no. 3 (March 2014): e28133. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/onci.28133.

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Balagamwala, E. H., S. T. Chao, and J. H. Suh. "Principles of Radiobiology of Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Clinical Applications in the Central Nervous System." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 11, no. 1 (February 2012): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7785/tcrt.2012.500229.

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Osinga, J., M. Niklas, G. Klimpki, M. Akselrod, O. Jaekel, and S. Greilich. "Proton and Ion Beam Radiation Therapy: A Microscopic Dosimetry System for Radiobiology and Treatment." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 84, no. 3 (November 2012): S54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.348.

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Polanek, R., Z. Varga, E. Fodor, Sz Brunner, E. R. Szabó, T. Tőkés, and K. Hideghéty. "Improved FBX chemical dosimeter system with enhanced radiochemical yield for reference dosimetry in radiobiology and radiotherapy research." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 174 (September 2020): 108899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108899.

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Niranjan, Ajay, Glenn T. Gobbel, Douglas Kondziolka, John C. Flickinger, and L. Dade Lunsford. "Experimental Radiobiological Investigations into Radiosurgery: Present Understanding and Future Directions." Neurosurgery 55, no. 3 (September 1, 2004): 495–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000134283.69965.a7.

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Abstract LARS LEKSELL BEGAN radiobiological investigations to study the effect of high-dose focused radiation on the central nervous system more than 5 decades ago. Although the effects of radiosurgery on the brain tumor microenvironment are still under investigation, radiosurgery has become a preferred management modality for many intracranial tumors and vascular malformations. The effects and the pathogenesis of biological effects after radiosurgery may be unique. The need for basic research concerning the radiobiological effects of high-dose, single-fraction, ionizing radiation on nervous system tissue is crucial. Information from those studies would be useful in devising strategies to avoid, prevent, or ameliorate damage to normal tissue without compromising treatment efficacy. The development of future applications of radiosurgery will depend on an increase in our understanding of the radiobiology of radiosurgery, which in turn will affect the efficacy of treatment. This article analyzes the current state of radiosurgery research with regard to the nature of central nervous system effects, the techniques developed to increase therapeutic efficacy, investigations into the use of radiosurgery for functional disorders, radiosurgery as a tool for investigations into basic central nervous system biology, and the additional areas that require further investigation.

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Sadeghi, Hossein, Hamed Bagheri, Babak Shekarchi, Abdolreza Javadi, and Masoud Najafi. "Mitigation of Radiation-Induced Gastrointestinal System Injury by Melatonin: A Histopathological Study." Current Drug Research Reviews 12, no. 1 (June 19, 2020): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2589977511666191031094625.

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Aims : The current study aimed to investigate the potential role of melatonin in the mitigation of radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury. Background: Organs of the gastrointestinal system such as the intestines, colon, duodenum, ileum etc. are sensitive to ionizing radiation. Mitigation of radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury is an interesting topic in radiobiology and a life-saving approach for exposed persons after a radiation event or improving the quality of life of radiotherapy patients. Methods: 40 male mice were randomly assigned into four groups namely G1: control, G2: melatonin treatment, G3: whole-body irradiation, and G4: melatonin treatment after whole-body irradiation. A cobalt-60 gamma-ray source was used to deliver 7 Gy to the whole body. 100 mg/kg melatonin was administered orally 24 h after irradiation and continued for 5 days. Thirty days after irradiation, histopathological evaluations were performed. Results: The whole-body irradiation led to remarkable inflammation, villi shortening, apoptosis and damage to goblet cells of the small intestine. Furthermore, moderate to severe inflammation, apoptosis, congestion, crypt injury and goblet cell damage were reported for the colon. Treatment with melatonin after whole-body irradiation led to significant mitigation of radiation toxicity in both small and large intestines. Conclusion: Melatonin could mitigate intestinal injury following whole-body exposure to radiation. Treatment with melatonin after an accidental exposure to radiation may increase survival via mitigation of damages to radiosensitive organs, including the gastrointestinal system.

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Kozhina, R. A., V. N. Chausov, E. A. Kuzmina, and A. V. Boreyko. "Induction and repair of DNA double-strand breaks in hippocampal neurons of miсe of different age after exposure to 60Со γ-rays in vivo and in vitro." EPJ Web of Conferences 177 (2018): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817706001.

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One of the central problems of modern radiobiology is the study of DNA damage induction and repair mechanisms in central nervous system cells, in particular, in hippocampal cells. The study of the regularities of molecular damage formation and repair in the hippocampus cells is of special interest, because these cells, unlike most cells of the central nervous system (CNS), keep proliferative activity, i.e. ability to neurogenesis. Age-related changes in hippocampus play an important role, which could lead to radiosensitivity changes in neurons to the ionizing radiation exposure. Regularities in DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) induction and repair in different aged mice hippocampal cells in vivo and in vitro under the action of γ-rays 60Со were studied with DNA comet-assay. The obtained dose dependences of DNA DSB induction are linear both in vivo and in vitro. It is established that in young animals' cells, the degree of DNA damage is higher than in older animals. It is shown that repair kinetics is basically different for exposure in vivo and in vitro.

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Franić, Zdenko, Tomislav Bituh, Ranka Godec, Mirjana Čačković, Tomislav Meštrović, and Jerko Šiško. "Experiences with the accreditation of the Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 71, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3449.

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Abstract Accreditation in accordance with the international General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories (HRN EN ISO/IEC 17025 standard) has become a widely accepted method of quality management and objective evidence of technical competence, knowledge, and skills of testing and calibration laboratories. In 2010, the Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health (IMROH) had its management system accredited against the HRN EN ISO/IEC 17025 standard for the following scopes: determination of radioactivity, testing of ambient air quality, and testing in the scope of ionising radiation protection. This accreditation encompassed three laboratories: Radiation Protection Unit, Environmental Hygiene Unit, and the Radiation Dosimetry and Radiobiology Unit. In accordance with the rules of the Croatian Accreditation Agency, the second re-accreditation is due in 2020. This paper describes and discusses the quality management system at IMROH over the ten years of its implementation. We share our experiences about non-conformities discovered during regular work, internal audits, and external audits performed by the Croatian Accreditation Agency. The accredited management system significantly improved the performance of the accredited units, and the Institute increased its visibility and marketing advantage, consequently improving its market position.

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Pagnini, Paul G. "Using the Radiobiology of Radioresistance and Radiosurgery to Rethink Treatment Approaches for the Treatment of Central Nervous System Metastases." World Neurosurgery 79, no. 3-4 (March 2013): 437–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2011.11.022.

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Batmunkh, Munkhbaatar, Lkhagvaa Bayarchimeg, Aleksandr N. Bugay, and Oidov Lkhagva. "Monte Carlo track structure simulation in studies of biological effects induced by accelerated charged particles in the central nervous system." EPJ Web of Conferences 204 (2019): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920404008.

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Simulating the biological damage induced by charged particles trajectories (tracks) in the central nervous system (CNS) at different levels of its organization (molecular, cellular, and tissue) is a challenge of modern radiobiology studies. According to the recent experimental studies at particle accelerators, the most radiation-sensitive area of the CNS is the hippocampus. In this regards, the development of measurement-based Monte Carlo simulation of radiation-induced alterations in the hippocampus is of great interest to understand the radiobiological effects on the CNS. The present work investigates the influence of charged particles on the hippocampal cells of the rat brain using the Geant4 Monte Carlo radiation transport code. The applied computer simulation provides a method to simulate physics processes and chemical reactions in the developed model of the rat hippocampus, which contains different types of neural cells - pyramidal cells, mature and immature granular cells, mossy cells, and neural stem cells. The distribution of stochastic energy depositions has been obtained and analyzed in critical structures of the hippocampal neurons after irradiation with 600 MeV/u iron particles. The computed energy deposition in irradiated hippocampal neurons following a track of iron ion suggests that most of the energy is accumulated by granular cells. The obtained quantities at the level of molecular targets also assume that NMDA and GABA receptors belong to the most probable targets in the irradiated neural cells.

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Startsev, N. V., E. A. Shishkina, E. A. Blinova, and A. V. Akleyev. "Reference and Information Complex REGISTR of the Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the FMBA of Russia." MEDICAL RADIOLOGY AND RADIATION SAFETY 67, no. 1 (February 2022): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2022-67-1-46-53.

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Currently, the Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine has collected arrays of socio-demographic, dosimetric and medical and biological information. The manuscript presents reference and information complex REGISTR recently developed in the URCRM to optimize the use of multiple registers and data bases. The development of reference and information complex enabled to significantly increase the use of various information resources, and provides strategic planning of new integral studies. A description of archive and actual registers and data bases of the URCRM scientific departments is presented in the manuscript. The issues of possible integration of information saved in various formats were addressed. The manuscript shows that a unified system of coding patients can be treated as a way of integration of information. The manuscript contains a capability description of reference and information complex REGISTR for facilitating research planning and possibility of integration of information obtained in different URCRM scientific departments. A technical implementation of the complex development was described. The article shows an illustration of how the REGISTR complex was used for planning of the research performed in the Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Radiobiology. The development direction of REGISTR complex was considered.

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Campajola, Luigi, Pierluigi Casolaro, Elisa Maria Gandolfo, Marcello Campajola, Salvatore Buontempo, and Francesco Di Capua. "An Innovative Real-Time Dosimeter for Radiation Hardness Assurance Tests." Physics 4, no. 2 (April 7, 2022): 409–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physics4020027.

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The study of the effects of the radiation dose on devices and materials is a topic of high interest in several fields, including radiobiology, space missions, microelectronics, and high energy physics. In this paper, a new method, based on radiochromic film dosimetry, is proposed for real-time dose assessment in radiation hardness assurance tests. This method allows for correlating the radiation dose at which devices are exposed to the radiation effects (malfunctioning and/or breakdown). In previous studies, it has already been demonstrated that a system, based on optical fibers and a spectrometer, allows for the real-time dose assessment of radiochromic films. The current study not only validates our previous results, but shows that it is possible to apply the new method to an actual radiation environment for the real-time measurement of the dose delivered to a device in radiation hardness assurance tests. This new dosimeter can be used in different radiation environments for a wide dose range, from a few Gy to a few MGy. This high sensitivity can be reached by changing the radiochromic film type and/or the parameters used for the analysis.

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Filippova, Kristina O., Artem M. Ermakov, Anton L. Popov, Olga N. Ermakova, Artem S. Blagodatsky, Nikita N. Chukavin, Alexander B. Shcherbakov, and Vladimir K. Ivanov. "Mitogen-like Cerium-Based Nanoparticles Protect Schmidtea mediterranea against Severe Doses of X-rays." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2 (January 8, 2023): 1241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021241.

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Novel radioprotectors are strongly demanded due to their numerous applications in radiobiology and biomedicine, e.g., for facilitating the remedy after cancer radiotherapy. Currently, cerium-containing nanomaterials are regarded as promising inorganic radioprotectors due to their unrivaled antioxidant activity based on their ability to mimic the action of natural redox enzymes like catalase and superoxide dismutase and to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are by far the main damaging factors of ionizing radiation. The freshwater planarian flatworms are considered a promising system for testing new radioprotectors, due to the high regenerative potential of these species and an excessive amount of proliferating stem cells (neoblasts) in their bodies. Using planarian Schmidtea mediterranea, we tested CeO2 nanoparticles, well known for their antioxidant activity, along with much less studied CeF3 nanoparticles, for their radioprotective potential. In addition, both CeO2 and CeF3 nanoparticles improve planarian head blastema regeneration after ionizing irradiation by enhancing blastema growth, increasing the number of mitoses and neoblasts’ survival, and modulating the expression of genes responsible for the proliferation and differentiation of neoblasts. The CeO2 nanoparticles’ action stems directly from their redox activity as ROS scavengers, while the CeF3 nanoparticles’ action is mediated by overexpression of “wound-induced genes” and neoblast- and stem cell-regulating genes.

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Restier-Verlet, Juliette, Laura El-Nachef, Mélanie L. Ferlazzo, Joëlle Al-Choboq, Adeline Granzotto, Audrey Bouchet, and Nicolas Foray. "Radiation on Earth or in Space: What Does It Change?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 7 (April 3, 2021): 3739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073739.

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After having been an instrument of the Cold War, space exploration has become a major technological, scientific and societal challenge for a number of countries. With new projects to return to the Moon and go to Mars, radiobiologists have been called upon to better assess the risks linked to exposure to radiation emitted from space (IRS), one of the major hazards for astronauts. To this aim, a major task is to identify the specificities of the different sources of IRS that concern astronauts. By considering the probabilities of the impact of IRS against spacecraft shielding, three conclusions can be drawn: (1) The impacts of heavy ions are rare and their contribution to radiation dose may be low during low Earth orbit; (2) secondary particles, including neutrons emitted at low energy from the spacecraft shielding, may be common in deep space and may preferentially target surface tissues such as the eyes and skin; (3) a “bath of radiation” composed of residual rays and fast neutrons inside the spacecraft may present a concern for deep tissues such as bones and the cardiovascular system. Hence, skin melanoma, cataracts, loss of bone mass, and aging of the cardiovascular system are possible, dependent on the dose, dose-rate, and individual factors. This suggests that both radiosusceptibility and radiodegeneration may be concerns related to space exploration. In addition, in the particular case of extreme solar events, radiosensitivity reactions—such as those observed in acute radiation syndrome—may occur and affect blood composition, gastrointestinal and neurologic systems. This review summarizes the specificities of space radiobiology and opens the debate as regards refinements of current radiation protection concepts that will be useful for the better estimation of risks.

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Polskin, Lily, Valentina Pillai, Elizabeth Vera, Alvina Acquaye, Nicole Briceno, Anna Choi, Alexa Christ, et al. "QOLP-37. MOOD DISTURBANCE IN PATIENTS WITH CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) TUMORS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_6 (November 2, 2021): vi191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab196.757.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Primary CNS tumors are associated with uncertainty likely contributing to mood disturbance that is common throughout the disease trajectory. The intersection of the COVID-19 pandemic with a CNS tumor diagnosis may further impact the anxiety/depression experienced in this population. This study assessed key anxiety/depression symptoms in patients with CNS tumors prior to and during the COVID year. METHODS Patient reported outcomes (PROs), including the PROMIS Anxiety and Depression Short Forms and EQ-5D-3L, were collected at the time of clinical or telehealth evaluation from the COVID year (March 2020-February 2021) and were compared to assessments through February 2020 (a NOB-normative sample), reflecting what we would typically see in our regular clinic evaluations. RESULTS The COVID sample (N = 178) was primarily White (82%), male (55%), median age of 45 (range 18–79), and KPS ³ 90 (50%). The majority had high grade (70%) brain (83%) tumors with ³ 1 prior recurrence (60%) and 25% were on active treatment. Visits were primarily conducted via telehealth (64%) and 20% had progression at assessment. Compared to the NOB-normative sample, patients reported significantly higher depression scores (moderate-severe, 17% vs. 12%, p < 0.05), but not anxiety (18% vs. 16%). Eleven percent reported both moderate-severe anxiety and depressive symptoms (8% pre-COVID). Overall health assessed by the EQ-5D-3L was similar to the normative sample in all dimensions, apart from impact of moderate/extreme mood disturbance, which was more prevalent in the COVID year (53% vs. 43%, p < 0.05%). CONCLUSION Patients with CNS tumors are at risk for significant symptoms of depression and anxiety; this risk was heightened during the COVID year. Further evaluation of clinical factors associated with risk are underway. These findings highlight the need for assessments and interventions that can be administered via telehealth to address the mental health needs of this vulnerable population. Radiobiology

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Sigounas, George, and Thomas J. MacVittie. "Transgenic Marrow Transplantation: A New In Vivo and In Vitro System for Experimental Hemopoiesis and Radiobiology Which Employs Sequential Molecular Monitoring of Multiple Genetic Markers." Radiation Research 135, no. 2 (August 1993): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3578296.

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Pugh, Jason, Alona Sukhina, Megan Smithey, and Janko Nikolich-Zugich. "Cytomegalovirus and early-life irradiation synergize to erode protective immunity in aging (VIR5P.1034)." Journal of Immunology 192, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2014): 144.17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.144.17.

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Abstract Susceptibility to infectious disease increases with age, making it one of the leading causes of death in people over 65. The immune aging process may be accelerated by the presence of life-long latent infections, such as cytomegalovirus, that put a constant burden on the immune system. Theories of biological aging also suggest that immune cells may have defective functions in old age because of a lifetime of self-renewal, and DNA damage related senescence, among other factors. Sub-lethal whole-body irradiation results in dose-dependent death of immune cells throughout the body, forcing some peripheral self-renewal of surviving immune cells. We exposed mice to various sub-lethal irradiation doses (0Gy - 4Gy) in youth, and followed them for life. Some mice were also given life-long murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) to reflect the most common latent virus in human populations. At the end of life, mice were vaccinated against, and then infected with, a potentially lethal dose of West Nile Virus (WNV). Neither MCMV, nor any dose of sub-lethal irradiation, independently altered survival following vaccination and WNV infection. However, mice that received a combination of 4Gy of irradiation in youth, and life-long MCMV infection, were less likely to survive WNV challenge. Mechanisms and implications for radiobiology, immune aging, and vaccine efficacy will be discussed.

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Fedotova, A. "Features of absorbed radiation doses calculation for cattle’s in Krasnoyarsk krai." Agrarian Bulletin of the 215, no. 12 (December 30, 2021): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2021-215-12-77-86.

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Abstract. The article provides an adapted methodology of absorbed dose calculation for the cattle from the territories with long-term man-made contamination. The methodology was developed according to existing regulatory documents in the RF: veterinarian rules VR 13.73.13/12-00, VR 13.5.13/03-00, methodical instructions MI 13.5.13-00, regulation for the state veterinarian control system in radioactive contamination of veterinary surveillance objects in the Russian Federation. The aim of the work is the development of calculation methodology of absorbed radiation doses for the cattle on the territory with long-term man-made isotopes contamination, taking to the account the radionuclide composition of the soil. Methods. The regulatory documents governing absorbed doses calculation has been analyzed; the contribution of external and internal radiation into total annual absorbed dose has been determined. Results. It has been established, that the calculation of external radiation dose needs to be done considering doses in stable and pasture periods. Pasture period dose is a sum of day and night doses considering day length. According to the data of radio ecological situation in Krasnoyarsk krai the internal radiation dose should be calculated as a sum of 137Cs, 90Sr, 60Co, taking to the account different concentration of these radionuclides in green and coarse fodder. Scientific novelty. The methodology of dose calculation for the cattle according to the radio ecological situation in Krasnoyarsk krai has been introduced for the first time. Practical significance. This methodology is recommended for the specialists of radiological departments of veterinarian laboratories and science officers in the field of agricultural radiobiology.

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Hatcher, Jeremy B., Oluwadamilola Oladeru, Betty Chang, Sameeksha Malhotra, Megan Mcleod, Adam Shulman, Claire Dempsey, et al. "Impact of High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy Training via Telehealth in Low- and Middle-Income Countries." JCO Global Oncology, no. 6 (November 2020): 1803–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/go.20.00302.

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PURPOSE Our objective was to demonstrate the efficacy of a telehealth training course on high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy for gynecologic cancer treatment for clinicians in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) METHODS A 12-week course consisting of 16 live video sessions was offered to 10 cancer centers in the Middle East, Africa, and Nepal. A total of 46 participants joined the course, and 22 participants, on average, attended each session. Radiation oncologists and medical physicists from 11 US and international institutions prepared and provided lectures for each topic covered in the course. Confidence surveys of 15 practical competencies were administered to participants before and after the course. Competencies focused on HDR commissioning, shielding, treatment planning, radiobiology, and applicators. Pre- and post-program surveys of provider confidence, measured by 5-point Likert scale, were administered and compared. RESULTS Forty-six participants, including seven chief medical physicists, 16 senior medical physicists, five radiation oncologists, and three dosimetrists, representing nine countries attended education sessions. Reported confidence scores, both aggregate and paired, demonstrated increases in confidence in all 15 competencies. Post-curriculum score improvement was statistically significant ( P < .05) for paired respondents in 11 of 15 domains. Absolute improvements were largest for confidence in applicator commissioning (2.3 to 3.8, P = .009), treatment planning system commissioning (2.2 to 3.9, P = .0055), and commissioning an HDR machine (2.2 to 4.0, P = .0031). Overall confidence in providing HDR brachytherapy services safely and teaching other providers increased from 3.1 to 3.8 and 3.0 to 3.5, respectively. CONCLUSION A 12-week, low-cost telehealth training program on HDR brachytherapy improved confidence in treatment delivery and teaching for clinicians in 10 participating LMICs.

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Strzelczyk, J., W. Potter, and Z. Zdrojewicz. "RAD-BY-RAD (BIT-BY-BIT): Triumph of Evidence over Activities Fostering Fear of Radiogenic Cancers at Low Doses." Dose-Response 5, no. 4 (October 1, 2007): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.07-021.strzelczyk.

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Large segments of Western populations hold sciences in low esteem. This trend became particularly pervasive in the field of radiation sciences in recent decades. The resulting lack of knowledge, easily filled with fear that feeds on itself, makes people susceptible to prevailing dogmas. Decades-long moratorium on nuclear power in the US, resentment of “anything nuclear”, and delay/refusal to obtain medical radiation procedures are some of the societal consequences. The problem has been exacerbated by promulgation of the linear-no-threshold (LNT) dose response model by advisory bodies such as the ICRP, NCRP and others. This model assumes no safe level of radiation and implies that response is the same per unit dose regardless of the total dose. The most recent (June 2005) report from the National Research Council, BEIR VII (Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation) continues this approach and quantifies potential cancer risks at low doses by linear extrapolation of risk values obtained from epidemiological observations of populations exposed to high doses, 0.2 Sv to 3 Sv. It minimizes the significance of a lack of evidence for adverse effects in populations exposed to low doses, and discounts documented beneficial effects of low dose exposures on the human immune system. The LNT doctrine is in direct conflict with current findings of radiobiology and important features of modern radiation oncology. Fortunately, these aspects are addressed in-depth in another major report—issued jointly in March 2005 by two French Academies, of Sciences and of Medicine. The latter report is much less publicized, and thus it is a responsibility of radiation professionals, physicists, nuclear engineers, and physicians to become familiar with its content and relevant studies, and to widely disseminate this information. To counteract biased media, we need to be creative in developing means of sharing good news about radiation with co-workers, patients, and the general public.

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Vulpe, Horia, Akshay Save, Yuanguang Xu, Carl Elliston, Matthew Garrett, Cheng-Chia Wu, Simon Cheng, et al. "RADI-14. FRAMELESS STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY ON THE GAMMA KNIFE ICON: EARLY EXPERIENCE FROM 42 PATIENTS WITH BRAIN METASTASES." Neuro-Oncology Advances 1, Supplement_1 (August 2019): i24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/noajnl/vdz014.107.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: The Gamma Knife (GK) Icon uses a Cone-Beam CT (CBCT) scanner and an infrared camera system to support the delivery of frameless radiosurgery. There are limited data on patients treated with frameless GK radiosurgery (GKRS) for brain metastases. OBJECTIVE: To describe the early experience, process, technical details, and short-term outcomes with frameless GKRS for brain metastases at our institution. METHODS: We describe our patient selection and workflow for frameless GKRS in detail. Because of the short interval of follow-up, we provide crude rates of local control. RESULTS: 42 patients had a total of 96 brain metastases. Median age was 69. 77 intact lesions were treated definitively, 18 cavities postoperatively, and 1 had GKRS for recurrence after resection. 11 patients underwent repeat GKRS to the same area. Median dose was 20Gy in 1 fraction (range: 14–21), 24Gy in 3 fractions (range: 19.5–27), and 25Gy in 5 fractions (Range: 25–30). Median treatment time was 23.7 minutes (Range: 7.3 – 85.5). 29 patients had a follow-up MRI in our records after completing GKRS. Median follow-up time was 105 days (Range: 16 – 314). 16 local recurrences (LR) were identified in 9 patients. An additional 6 patients had distant brain recurrence without LR. Crude mean time between GKRS and LR was 101 days (range 44–161 days). There were 6 patients with grade 1, 3 with grade 2, 2 with grade 3, and 1 with grade 4 toxicity. We found an improvement in workflow and a greater number of patients eligible for GKRS due to the ability to fractionate treatments. CONCLUSION: We report a large cohort of consecutive patients with brain metastases treated with frameless GKRS. We look forward to studies with longer follow-up to provide valuable data on clinical outcomes and to further our understanding of the radiobiology of hypofractionation in the brain.

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Singh, Gaganpreet, Rose Kamal, Deepak Thaper, Arun Singh Oinam, Bhumika Handa, Vivek Kumar, and Narendra Kumar. "Voxel based evaluation of sequential radiotherapy treatment plans with different dose fractionation schemes." British Journal of Radiology 93, no. 1112 (August 2020): 20200197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20200197.

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Objective: This study presents a methodology for voxel-based evaluation of two phase sequential radiotherapy treatment plans having conventional dose scheme in the first phase and subsequent hypofractionation dose scheme in the second phase based upon different priority [planning target volume (PTV), clinical target volume (CTV) and organs at risk (OAR)] of display modes. Methods: A case of carcinoma prostate was selected for demonstration. Varian Eclipse treatment planning system (TPS) was used for contouring and planning. In the first phase, a dose of 52 Gy in 26 fractions to the PTV and in the second phase, a dose of 19.5 Gy in 3 fractions to the PTV Boost was planned on the same CT data set. Both the plans (Phase 1 and Phase 2) were exported and processed using “Voxel-based radiobiology display (VRb) tool”. Plan Sum for Biologically effective dose (BED)-Cube and equivalent dose of 2Gy (EQD2)-Cube was reconstructed using a combination of linear quadratic (LQ) and linear quadratic-linear (LQ-L) radiobiological models. Tumor control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) for different target volumes and organs were also calculated using EQD2-volume histograms of the Plan Sum. Results: An in-house graphical user interface (GUI) is developed to present the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the multiphase treatment plans with different display modes and dose regimens. The voxel based TCP obtained for the combined target volume was 90.56%. NTCP for the bladder and rectum was calculated from the Plan Sum histograms and found to be 0.33% and ~0.0% respectively. Conclusion: The proposed methodology using the VRb tool offers superior plan evaluation for multiphase sequential radiotherapy treatment plans over the existing methods. Advances in knowledge: PTV, CTV and OAR priority based display modes in VRb tool offers better understanding of radiobiological evaluation of sequential radiotherapy treatment plans.

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Takhauov, R. M., D. E. Kalinkin, J. V. Semenova, N. V. Litviakov, A. R. Takhauov, and I. V. Milto. "Practice-Oriented Solutions for Radiation Medicine." A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center Clinical Bulletin, no. 2 (July 2022): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33266/2782-6430-2022-2-34-40.

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Purpose: perform a retrospective review and generalization of practice-oriented scientific research of the SBR Center in the field of radiation medicine in the period 2000-2021. Material and methods: The object of research of the SBR Center is the population of the Seversk and the personnel of the Siberian Chemical Combine (SCC). The basis for scientific research of the SBR Center is the regional medical and dosimetric register of population of the Seversk and personnel of the SCC, the bank of biological material of population of the Seversk and personnel of the SCC, as well as regular participation in the organization and conduct of periodic medical examinations of SCC personnel. Results: The assessment of morbidity and mortality from malignant neoplasms of the personnel of the nuclear industry enterprise and the population of the observation zones showed no increase in their risk during chronic technogenic exposure in the range of “small” doses. Malignant neoplasms of the digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive systems make the greatest contribution to the structure of oncological morbidity among the personnel of the nuclear industry enterprise and the population of the observation zones. The SBR Center was the first in the world to obtain data on the significant role of ionizing radiation in combination with traditional risk factors for the development of coronary heart disease in the increased incidence of myocardial infarction among SCC personnel. The established fact is the basis for the creation of a comprehensive program for the diagnosis and prevention of diseases of the circulatory system among the personnel of the SCC, which is being effectively implemented. The modern strategy for the prevention of non-communicable socially significant diseases developed at the SBR Center among workers at nuclear facilities and the population of observation zones (on the example of the Seversk population) includes an effective system for identifying pathological conditions, their timely correction and subsequent monitoring, which is an innovative form of work on the organization of health care and the strengthening of public health in order to increase life expectancy and ensure professional longevity. Conclusion: SBR Center performs fundamental and applied research in topical areas of radiobiology, radiation medicine, epidemiology, radiation safety and public health organization. Over the years, a significant scientific reserve has been created, a unique team has been formed, the material and technical base has been developed, and significant results have been achieved, recognized by the domestic and international scientific community.

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Mehta, Satish, David Bloom, Ianik Plante, Raymond Stowe, Alan Feiveson, Ashlie Renner, Adit Dhummakupt, et al. "Reactivation of Latent Epstein-Barr Virus: A Comparison after Exposure to Gamma, Proton, Carbon, and Iron Radiation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 10 (September 28, 2018): 2961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19102961.

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Among the many stressors astronauts are exposed to during spaceflight, cosmic radiation may lead to various serious health effects. Specifically, space radiation may contribute to decreased immunity, which has been documented in astronauts during short- and long-duration missions, as evidenced by several changes in cellular immunity and plasma cytokine levels. Reactivation of latent herpes viruses, either directly from radiation of latently infected cells and/or from perturbation of the immune system, may result in disease in astronauts. Epstein‒Barr virus (EBV) is one of the eight human herpes viruses known to infect more than 90% of human adults and persists for the life of the host without normally causing adverse effects. Reactivation of several latent viruses in astronauts is well documented, although the mechanism of reactivation is not well understood. We studied the effect of four different types of radiation, (1) 137Cs gamma rays, (2) 150-MeV protons, (3) 600 MeV/n carbon ions, and (4) 600 MeV/n iron ions on the activation of lytic gene transcription and of reactivation of EBV in a latently infected cell line (Akata) at doses of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 Gy. The data showed that for all doses used in this study, lytic gene transcription was induced and median viral loads were significantly higher for all types of radiation than in corresponding control samples, with the increases detected as early as four days post-exposure and generally tapering off at later time points. The viability and size of EBV-infected Akata cells were highly variable and exhibited approximately the same trend in time for all radiation types at 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 Gy. This work shows that reactivation of viruses can occur due to the effect of different types of radiation on latently infected cells in the absence of changes or cytokines produced in the immune system. In general, gamma rays are more effective than protons, carbon ions, and iron ions in inducing latent virus reactivation, though these high-energy particles did induce more sustained and later reactivation of EBV lytic gene transcription. These findings also challenge the common relative biological effectiveness concept that is often used in radiobiology for other end points.

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Kopylenko, O. L., A. V. Nosovskii, and V. V. Dolin. "CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES IN ELIMINATION OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE СHORNOBYL CATASTROPHE (IN PLACE OF A FOREWORD)." Geochemistry of Technogenesis 6, no. 34 (December 25, 2021): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/geotech2021.34.005.

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The article presents the critical analysis of the key problems and the reasons for slow pace of elimination of the consequences of the Chornobyl Catastrophe that are related to the inefficiency of the public administration. During 35 years passed since the Chornobyl Catastrophe, no state strategy for gradual, step by step, elimination of the consequences has been developed. Neither the criteria for its completion have been worked out. Due to the changes in the radioactive contamination structure, accumulation of new knowledge in the field of radiation medicine, agricultural radiology, radiobiology, radiogeochemistry, and radioecology, it is urgent to revise the conceptual provisions of the Chornobyl laws and policy documents, which are mostly based on the 30 year old data. One of the burning unsolved problems of radiation safety is the technological foundations for fuel-containing material management during demolishing of the unstable constructions of the “Shelter” object, the volume of which exceeds 15 tons (UO2) with total activity reaching 4.8×1017Bq. Imperfection of the radiohydrogeoecological monitoring system in the affected area within the “Shelter” Object and the 3rd ChNPP Unit, sites for temporary localization and disposal of radioactive waste in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone, in particular, due to man-made changes in the hydrogeological regime, leads to inaccurate assessment of the radioactive contamination and forecaste of the quality of the underground drinking water supply sources. One of the most pressing modern radioecological problems is the accumulation of Americium-241 in the natural environment and its exposure affects. Now the content of this radionuclide outside the destroyed power unit is almost equal to that of 90Sr and will increase to the middle of this century. At the same time, its radiobiological efficiency is much higher than the gamma and beta radiation of the dose-generating 137Cs and 90Sr. The strategy for overcoming the consequences of the Chornobyl catastrophe should be comprehensive and aimed to addressing humanitarian, environmental, technological, international and political issues in complex.

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Feinendegen, Ludwig, Philip Hahnfeldt, Eric E. Schadt, Michael Stumpf, and Eberhard O. Voit. "Systems biology and its potential role in radiobiology." Radiation and Environmental Biophysics 47, no. 1 (December 18, 2007): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00411-007-0146-8.

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Stevenson, Andrew W., Jeffrey C. Crosbie, Christopher J. Hall, Daniel Häusermann, Jayde Livingstone, and Jessica E. Lye. "Quantitative characterization of the X-ray beam at the Australian Synchrotron Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL)." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 110–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577516015563.

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A critical early phase for any synchrotron beamline involves detailed testing, characterization and commissioning; this is especially true of a beamline as ambitious and complex as the Imaging & Medical Beamline (IMBL) at the Australian Synchrotron. IMBL staff and expert users have been performing precise experiments aimed at quantitative characterization of the primary polychromatic and monochromatic X-ray beams, with particular emphasis placed on the wiggler insertion devices (IDs), the primary-slit system and any in vacuo and ex vacuo filters. The findings from these studies will be described herein. These results will benefit IMBL and other users in the future, especially those for whom detailed knowledge of the X-ray beam spectrum (or `quality') and flux density is important. This information is critical for radiotherapy and radiobiology users, who ultimately need to know (to better than 5%) what X-ray dose or dose rate is being delivered to their samples. Various correction factors associated with ionization-chamber (IC) dosimetry have been accounted for, e.g. ion recombination, electron-loss effects. A new and innovative approach has been developed in this regard, which can provide confirmation of key parameter values such as the magnetic field in the wiggler and the effective thickness of key filters. IMBL commenced operation in December 2008 with an Advanced Photon Source (APS) wiggler as the (interim) ID. A superconducting multi-pole wiggler was installed and operational in January 2013. Results are obtained for both of these IDs and useful comparisons are made. A comprehensive model of the IMBL has been developed, embodied in a new computer program named spec.exe, which has been validated against a variety of experimental measurements. Having demonstrated the reliability and robustness of the model, it is then possible to use it in a practical and predictive manner. It is hoped that spec.exe will prove to be a useful resource for synchrotron science in general, and for hard X-ray beamlines, whether they are based on bending magnets or insertion devices, in particular. In due course, it is planned to make spec.exe freely available to other synchrotron scientists.

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Hall, Eric J. "Radiobiology in clinical radiation therapy - Part I - Systems and principles." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 27 (1993): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(93)90568-g.

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Lucignani, Giovanni. "Hi-tech systems for in-vivo image-guided preclinical radiobiology." European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 35, no. 12 (October 1, 2008): 2334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00259-008-0964-1.

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Hall, Eric J. "Radiobiology in clinical radiation therapy — Part I — Systems and principles." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 12 (November 1986): 67–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(86)90454-2.

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Hall, Eric J. "Radiobiology in clinical radiation therapy — part I — systems and principles." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 13 (October 1987): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(87)90957-6.

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Hall, Eric J. "Radiobiology in clinical radiation therapy — part I — systems and principles." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 17 (January 1989): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(89)90570-1.

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Hall, Eric J. "Radiobiology in clinical radiation therapy—Part I: Systems and principles." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 42, no. 1 (January 1998): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3016(98)80005-9.

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Hall, Eric J. "Radiobiology in clinical radiation therapy - part i - systems and principles." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 19 (January 1990): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(90)90588-b.

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Hall, Eric J. "Radiobiology in clinical radiation therapy — Part I — Systems and principles." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 21 (January 1991): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(91)90370-j.

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Hall, Eric J. "Radiobiology in clinical radiation therapy — part 1 — systems and principles." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 24 (January 1992): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(92)90074-r.

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Vasin, M. V., I. E. Esaulenko, V. G. Kukes, V. I. Petrov, I. B. Ushakov, and A. L. Khokhlov. "OBITUARY FOR YURI N. CHERNOV 5 Nov 1937 – 1 Jan 2021." Pharmacy & Pharmacology 9, no. 1 (June 23, 2021): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.19163/2307-9266-2021-9-1-98-100.

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On January 1, 2021, Yuri N.Chernov, Doctor of Sciences (Mediсine), Professor, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Academician of the International Human Academy in Aerospace Systems, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, passed away. Yuri N.Chernov was Honorary Doctor of the State Research and TestInstitute of Military Medicine ofRF Ministry of Defense,a specialist in the field of clinical pharmacology and aerospace radiobiology, Honorary Professor of Voronezh State Medical University n. a. N.N. Burdenko.

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Hall, Eric J. "110C Radiobiology in clinical radiation therapy part I — Systems and principles." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 32 (January 1995): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(95)97616-9.

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Hall, Eric J. "112C Radiobiology in clinical radiation therapy part I — systems and principples." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 36, no. 1 (January 1996): 133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3016(97)85288-1.

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Timmerman, Robert, Lech Papiez, and Mohan Suntharalingam. "Extracranial Stereotactic Radiation Delivery: Expansion of Technology Beyond the Brain." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 2, no. 2 (April 2003): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153303460300200212.

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The development of improved immobilization systems, and a greater understanding of the radiobiologic considerations associated with stereotactic radiotherapy has recently led to the clinical implementation of this technology to extracranial sites. The shared principles of targeting and treatment delivery has led to a greater understanding of the potential role this therapy may have in the management of extracranial disease. This article will review, the radiobiologic considerations and the basic principles of physics and dosimetry that help govern the utilization of extracranial stereotactic radiotherapy. In addition, this article will summarize the data that exists in the literature to date, that has documented the rationale, and efficacy of this novel therapeutic approach.

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Journal articles on the topic 'System radiobiology'

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