Academic literature on the topic 'System of management of foreign economic policy'
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Journal articles on the topic "System of management of foreign economic policy"
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Glaz, V. N., V. I. Berezhnoy, T. G. Martseva, and E. V. Berezhnaya. "RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN THE CUSTOMS POLICY MECHANISM." Scientific Journal ECONOMIC SYSTEMS 13, no. 2 (2020): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.29030/2309-2076-2020-13-2-51-57.
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The mechanism of public policy in the regulation of public relations is built on the skillful combination of prohibitions of restrictions on the one hand, and laxity and opportunities on the other. But weakening state control may increase the level of risk to relationships. This is most clearly evident in international economic relations, where not only individual States that assume responsibility by becoming parties to conventions, agreements and treaties, but also individuals and entities that do not always support the policy of the State in the practice of implementing signed contracts, are parties. Russia pays special attention to a reasonable combination of the country’s economic interests and common interests within the framework of integration associations. The Russian customs authorities, represented by the Federal Customs Service, are one of the agents of state policy in this regard. The purpose of the activity is not only to administer the revenues from foreign economic activity to the budget, but also to protect the economic interests of the state, the participants of the foreign economic activity, professional intermediaries and individual consumers. Therefore, the development of a comprehensive policy of monitoring and assessment of customs risks will reduce the efforts of customs authorities to prevent possible offenses, and thus protect the interests of participants in foreign trade at any level.
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Rohrlich, Paul Egon. "Economic culture and foreign policy: the cognitive analysis of economic policy making." International Organization 41, no. 1 (1987): 61–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300000746.
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Political scientists researching economic foreign policy have generally taken one of two analytic approaches. The first is based on realpolitik, the traditional application of “high” politics to the “low” politics of economics. This approach considers economics subordinate to politics. The concept of the national interest dominates; the pursuit of power—what enables the state to achieve its goals of security, welfare, and other societal values—is seen to underlie most actions. The study of foreign economic policy is thus an analysis of the distribution of power among states within the international system. By understanding a state's sources of strength and areas of vulnerability in relation to other states, the analyst will better understand the creation of foreign policy. Hans Morgenthau notes that while states may sometimes pursue economic policies for their own sake (in which case they should take little interest in their success), the more important economic policies they will favor are instruments of political power.Stephen Krasner views the state as an autonomously motivated actor, able to guide policy in pursuit of state priorities while resisting interest groups and ideologies. According to this “power theory”, the state tries to increase its economic competitiveness, ensure security of material needs, and promote its broad foreign-policy objectives. Economic policy is for the most part subordinate to and best explained by state priorities and prerogatives. Robert Tucker, Klaus Knorr, Robert Gilpin and others have also adopted this framework.
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Aibossynova, D. A., K. A. Kirdasinova, and L. M. Mutalieva. "Regional management: foreign experience." Bulletin of "Turan" University, no. 3 (October 4, 2020): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46914/1562-2959-2020-1-3-16-20.
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Regional management is currently considered as a combination of administrative, economic, political impacts on economic, social, demographic, resource-economic and other processes taking place in the region with the aim of ensuring a sustainable and balanced development of the region and the improvement of the life quality of the population today and in perspective. The diversity of regional economic systems forms the basis of the mechanism for identifying and disseminating the positive experience of the national economy management. This aspect determines the relevance of the study. The article discusses the patterns and features of the regional governance on the basis of the socio-economic development of two polar states in order to illustrate the national interests of each country. The problems of the socio-economic development are shown from the position of systematic approach principles and methods. The main goals of the regional management are also formulated, along with the ways of smoothing the levels of the socio-economic development of regions by overcoming existing interregional imbalances. As a part of the study of the patterns and features of China’s regional management the institutional approaches of the regional policy have been indicated taking into account the ranking of territories and the directive planning of the national economy. Organizational and economic mechanisms focused on the improvement of the human resources potential have been studied on the base of the German model of regional policy. Based on the results of the study, relevant conclusions were made.
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Varfolomeev, A. A., O. P. Ivanov, I. V. Surma, and Yu A. Trefilova. "Russian System of Foreign Policy Expertise." MGIMO Review of International Relations 13, no. 5 (November 11, 2020): 266–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2020-5-74-266-292.
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Abstract: The article considers the system of foreign policy expertise as an independent subject of research. The authors note the positive aspects of competitive analysis of the external nvironment, which allows one to level out the asymmetry of political and economic cultures within a given country, as well as to smooth out the personal interests. This ensures a variability of approaches in foreign policy decision-making, which ultimately contributes to the promotion of balanced national interests. The North American approach differs in preferences, methodological trends, forms of theoretical ethnocentrism and various forms of social construction. The European scholars and experts in foreign policy analysis use the theory of international relations much more extensively than their North American counterparts.Based on the analysis, we propose to use a comprehensive integrated method, developed in the Russian Diplomatic Academy, using an interdisciplinary approach based on elements of political psychology, sociology of management, international law, structural, functional and institutional approaches, etc. We also propose to use virtual cognitive centers and methodologies, which not only contain a specific sequence of stages of predicting the development of the international situation, but also provide an opportunity to choose methods of Foresight, taking into account the existing time, human resources and financial constraints, and the possibility of their adaptation to the applied tasks of analytical and prognostic activities of federal authorities in the field of foreign policy.
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Frieden, Jeff. "Sectoral conflict and foreign economic policy, 1914–1940." International Organization 42, no. 1 (1988): 59–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002081830000713x.
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The period from 1914 to 1940 is one of the most crucial and enigmatic in modern world history, and in the history of modern U.S. foreign policy. World War I catapulted the United States into international economic and political leadership, yet in the aftermath of the war, despite grandiose Wilsonian plans, the United States quickly lapsed into relative disregard for events abroad: it did not join the League of Nations, disavowed responsibility for European reconstruction, would not participate openly in many international economic conferences, and restored high levels of tariff protection for the domestic market. Only in the late 1930s and 1940s, after twenty years of bitter battles over foreign policy, did the United States move to center stage of world politics and economics: it built the United Nations and a string of regional alliances, underwrote the rebuilding of Western Europe, almost single-handedly constructed a global monetary and financial system, and led the world in commercial liberalization.
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Holm, Hans-Henrik. "Economy in Flux — Security Suspended. Foreign Economic Relations and Security Policy for Nordic NATO." Cooperation and Conflict 22, no. 4 (September 1987): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001083678702200406.
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Despite the spectacular economic changes in the international system and in Denmark, Norway and Iceland since 1945, the security policies of these countries have been remarkably constant. On the basis of a juxtapositioning of the conflicting trends of development in the international economic and political system, it is predicted that security policy in these three NATO countries to the North is up for change in the future. Three scenarios, based on present economic tendencies, are outlined: 1. International integration through renewed US dominance; 2. Split up into economic- political regions; 3. Collapse of the international economic system. The resulting changes in the security policy of each of these three states are indicated and discussed.
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KLEPIKOVA, Svitlana, Mariia YATSYNA, and Olena DRUHOVA. "Peculiarities of foreign economic activity management of enterprises." Economics. Finances. Law 11, no. - (November 26, 2021): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2021.11.3.
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Introduction. The paper is devoted to the problems of research of features and modern mechanisms of economic regulation of foreign economic activity of enterprises in Ukraine. The purpose of the paper is to improve the scientific and methodological basis for stimulating the development of foreign economic activity of enterprises and substantiation of the theoretical foundations of foreign economic activity of enterprises in order to further their development in the today's globalized world. Results. It is determined that one of the problems of foreign economic activity of enterprises is the problem of inefficient management system, lack of strategic and marketing approaches to enterprise management, and enterprises more often use the technique of short-term adaptation. An enterprise focused on the development of foreign economic activity should develop approaches to improve international marketing, especially in terms of making effective management decisions based on the processing of a significant amount of information data and assessing the factors of the international market environment. The main condition for the adaptation of enterprises to the rapidly changing external environment may be the formation of a system of strategic planning, which provides a more rational use of limited resources, promotes consistent development and implementation of management decisions, focuses on sustainable development in market conditions. The management staff should clearly formulate the principles of strategic research in order to intensify foreign trade in industrial enterprises, and most importantly – formed a marketing strategy for foreign trade. The main means of increasing the potential of foreign economic activity of enterprises are the formation of such economic conditions that would allow due to modernization of production to increase domestic production and services, introduce innovative technologies. Conclusion. In order to improve the foreign economic activity of Ukrainian enterprises, it is proposed to implement a policy aimed at increasing merchandise exports by introducing innovative developments to improve the quality of domestic products, which must meet international norms and standards necessary to create a sufficient level of competitiveness in domestic markets.
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Ike, Shi, and Natalia Epova. "The Impact of Foreign Trade Policy on China's Economic Development." Russian and Chinese Studies 5, no. 1 (May 11, 2021): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2587-7445.2021.5(1).25-35.
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The importance of foreign trade and its impact on the level of economic development of both individual states and the world economy as a whole is steadily increasing. The successful or unsuccessful development of foreign trade relations is largely determined by the state's policy in this area, the use of various tools and methods. China, having begun to reform the economic system, pursued the goal of increasing the competitiveness of the national economy. For this purpose, foreign trade relations with other countries were actively developed in accordance with the interests of China and the priorities of economic development. Over a long period in China was dominated by autarkic tendencies in the sphere of foreign relations, which contradict the idea of integration for joint solutions to existing problems and the liberalization of foreign trade. Since the late 70s, China has realized the need to connect the country to the processes taking place in the world economy and carry out reforms, an important part of which was the implementation of a strategy for the development of foreign economic relations. The new policy assumed the extraction of maximum benefits from cooperation with foreign partners, the modernization of the economy using best practices in the economic, scientific and technical spheres, the diversification of production, the introduction of effective management models. China's foreign trade policy is implemented through a variety of regulatory, control and incentive methods. This makes it possible to take into account the characteristics of specific territories and use the most appropriate tools to achieve the best result. Relevance and insufficient knowledge of the impact of trade on economic development of China in the development of global value chains and the trend towards a multipolar world system, the development of the prospects of transformation of China's foreign trade, led to the selection of topics for articles.
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Ermilova, Mariia, Evgeny Kalinkin, Elena Semenkova, and Kira Kalinkina. "Foreign Housing Markets: Questions of Price Policy." E3S Web of Conferences 159 (2020): 05014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015905014.
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The housing market is one of the most important segments of the economy of any country. As part of the study, it is shown that it is not enough to consider the housing market financing system only in the organizational and structural aspect. The application of a structurally functional approach is essential, which will improve the efficiency of market financing. The author determines the need for the formation of auto-regulators that can reduce the need for manual control of the economy of the housing complex and the state, which is especially important in the modern economic system. The study identified such auto-regulators as the inclusion of borrowers in the quality management system and the usefulness of housing finance; organization of interaction of market and state financing based on the principles of public-private partnership; the need for a system of indicators to assess the development of the Russian housing market, improving the information support of financial markets; the formation of an open system for monitoring the status of the housing market financing system.
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Derbenova, Yana, Antonina Artemenko, Victor Malyarevsky, Volodymyr Tsaruk, and Kristina Yurchenko. "PUBLIC DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY TAKING INTO ACCOUNT REGIONAL FEATURES." Problems of Innovation and Investment Development, no. 27 (December 21, 2021): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33813/2224-1213.27.2021.3.
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The aim of the article is to analyze the directions of public management of foreign economic activity in Ukraine and to determine the regional features of the organization of foreign economic activity. The research methodology included the use of general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, specification, classification) and special (system-structural research, economic analysis). The scientific novelty of the obtained results is to establish the need for public management of foreign economic activity in the context of regional features as an important aspect of foreign economic policy of the region. Conclusions. The article clarifies that it is expedient to consider public administration as an organizing and regulating influence of the state on the social life of people in order to organize, preserve or transform it, based on the power that limits effective social control. It is established that the foreign economic relations of any country should be regulated by the state and regulated by the public. It is determined that some regions have certain features of development and specialization, and therefore have different export potential, and the state of foreign economic activity of the region depends on its implementation. The main goals of regional foreign economic activity are: support and development of existing forms and directions of foreign economic policy; development of new forms of foreign economic activity; formation and development of foreign economic infrastructure; attracting both national and foreign investments; development of export potential of regions; increasing the competitiveness of regions as a necessary prerequisite for their international integration. Keywords: export, imports, public administration, foreign economic activity, foreign economic policy, region.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "System of management of foreign economic policy"
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Юденко, Аліна Віталіївна. "Організаційне забезпечення міжнародної діяльності підприємства." Master's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2019. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/30476.
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Магістерська дисертація Юденко Аліни Віталіївни на тему: «Організаційне забезпечення міжнародної діяльності підприємства виконана з метою підвищення стабільності його діяльності, 073 напрям підготовки «Менеджмент міжнародного бізнесу», Національний технічний університет України «КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського», 2019, Київ. Дипломна робота складається зі вступу, 3 розділів, загальних висновків, додатків. Робота виконана в обсязі 128 сторінок, містить 34 рисунків, 24 таблиць та 11 додатків. Метою дипломнї роботи є обґрунтування організаційного забезпечення міжнародної діяльності підприємства ТОВ «Агротехсоюз» з метою підвищення стабільності його діяльності. Об’єктом дослідження є процеси планування, організації, координації, контролю формування і реалізації управління міжнародної діяльності на підприємстві. Предметом дослідження є сукупність теоретичних, методичних і практичних підходів до розробки та реалізації ефективного управління міжнародної діяльності на ТОВ «Агротехсоюз». Для проведення дослідження, напрямів вдосконалення та обґрунтування шляхів удосконалення управління міжнародною діяльністю ТОВ «Агротехсоюз» в роботі використані діалектичний, статистичний методи, метод графічного та логічного аналізу, розрахунково–аналітичний, порівняльний, економіко– математичного моделювання та прогнозування, методи сучасних комп’ютерних технологій обробки економічної інформації, зокрема, пакет прикладних програм Microsoft Excel, Statistica. Розроблені в магістерській дисертації на здобуття ступеня магістра рекомендації та пропозиції щодо забезпечення розвитку міжнародної діяльності підприємства були представлені на розгляд ради директорів ТОВ «Агротехсоюз», де було визнано можливість практичного застосування в майбутньому окремих заходів та пропозицій щодо вдосконалення процесу управління міжнародною діяльністю ТОВ «Агротехсоюз» шляхом створення відділу ЗЕД на підприємстві; створення власного митного ліцензійного складу та долучення до програми фінансування «Coface» .Master's Thesis of Yudenko Alina Vitaliivna on the theme: "Organizational support of the international activity of the enterprise is made in order to increase the stability of its activity, 073 direction of preparation" Management of International Business ", National Technical University of Ukraine" KPI them. Igor Sikorsky ”, 2019, Kyiv. The thesis consists of introduction, 3 sections, general conclusions, applications. The work is done in a volume of 128 pages, contains 34 figures, 24 tables and 11 applications. The purpose of the diploma thesis is to substantiate the organizational support of the international activity of the enterprise of Agrotechsoyuz LLC in order to increase the stability of its activity. The object of study is the processes of planning, organizing, coordinating, controlling the formation and implementation of management of international activity in the enterprise. The subject of the research is a set of theoretical, methodical and practical approaches to the development and implementation of effective management of international activities at Agrotechsoyuz LLC. Dialectical, statistical methods, method of graphical and logical analysis, calculation and analytical, comparative, economic and mathematical modeling were used in the research, directions of improvement and substantiation of ways of improvement of management of international activity of Agrotechsoyuz LLC. economic information processing, in particular, Microsoft Excel application software, Statistica. The paper proposes to improve the process of managing the international activities of Agrotechsoyuz LLC by establishing a foreign economic activity department at the enterprise; creation of its own customs license warehouse and joining the Hermes financing program.
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Naef, Alain. "Sterling and the stability of the International Monetary System, 1944-1971." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/285170.
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This dissertation studies the role of sterling during the Bretton Woods period (1944-1971). The Bretton Woods system has often been described as a dollar system with sterling having lost its relevance as reserve currency. However, despite being a secondary reserve currency and having lost importance, sterling was the 'first line of defence for the dollar' as contemporaries put it. They frequently stressed the fact that a sterling crisis would have consequences on the stability of the Bretton Woods system but economic historians have never tested this empirically. This dissertation argues that sterling played an important role in the stability of the international monetary system. Foreign exchange market participants globally monitored sterling and US policymaker stepped in to avoid devaluation of the British currency. US support to sterling was mainly due to the fear of a British devaluation, which could trigger a run on the dollar. When the UK finally devalued the pound in 1967, it marked the beginning of an instable period for the international monetary system. The Gold Pool, a syndicate to defend the US gold parity, collapsed in 1968 and this prefigured the end of the Bretton Woods system. This dissertation presents new data along with novel archival material from seven archives across continents to demonstrate how contagion from sterling to the dollar occurred. Modern econometric methods are used to analyse a new dataset with over 80,000 observations of offshore exchange rates, central bank intervention and reserves. This evidence shows that a secondary reserve currency can still play a key role in the stability of the international monetary system.
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Leung, Wai Man. "The exchange rate system of China : an empirical study with institutional factors." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2006. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/721.
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Georgiadou, Eleni. "Re-evaluating the greek foreign policy system in a transforming world politics." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9081.
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The present thesis evaluates the responses of the contemporary Greek foreign policy structures and processes, conceptualised as the Greek foreign policy system, in the face of the transformation of world politics. This transformation, precipitated by the concurrent complex processes of globalisation and regionalisation, pose empirical and analytical challenges to the national management of foreign policy. Consequently, government departments and agencies assigned with responsibility for the conduct of what has been traditionally termed foreign policy, namely the national foreign policy machinery with the foreign ministry and the diplomatic network at its core, find themselves challenged as roles and responsibilities are relocated. Such change underpins the machinery s institutional responses and the need to rethink its role and structure. The thesis synthesises several literatures, primarily those identified with international relations, transformational foreign policy analysis, and new approaches to diplomatic studies informed by insights from institutionalist approaches. This is combined with extensive fieldwork within the Greek bureaucracy and the diplomatic network, and seeks to cast light on a relatively understudied area: namely the organisation and nature of the Greek foreign policy system in an era of considerable change. The thesis draws a dual image of the contemporary Greek foreign policy system which displays elements of both continuity and change. According to the first image, the Greek foreign policy machinery embraces contemporary foreign policy developments, and is enmeshed in a process of change and adaptation as a response to its changing operational environment. The second image depicts the foreign policy system as traditionalist conforming to geopolitical approaches, which are linked to compartmentalisation in the organisation of foreign policy. This image is supported by evidence which suggests that the Greek foreign policy machinery is infused with elements of hierarchy, centralisation and verticality in its organisation, which prevent the adoption of integrated and horizontal models prescribed by globalist approaches to the management of foreign policy.
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Elk, Robert E. "A study of the effects of the Southeast Asian intrusive power system on the foreign policy of Indonesia /." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64076.
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Mashaba, Johannes Monodowafa. "Leadership and management skills relevant to the South African diplomat in the global context : an overview of a South African diplomat." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23674.
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The role that South Africa has played in international affairs has grown immensely since the first democratic elections that were held in April 2004. The country’s commitments in international affairs are guided by its foreign policy which is based on ensuring an equitable share of global decision-making between the countries of the north and south, and the economic and social development of the African continent. These foreign policy objectives have created a lot of capacity challenges on the South African Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) which is mandated to guide the formulation and implementation of South Africa’s foreign policy. In this study, the South African’s foreign policy objectives and its institutions responsible for implementing its foreign policy are discussed. Furthermore, the challenges that the country’s diplomats encounter in the global context in the implementation of the country’s foreign policy objectives are explored, especially the capacity required to successfully execute their mandate. The Foreign Service Institute (FSI), which is tasked with providing training to public administrators identified for Foreign Service, especially the content of its training programmes are the focus of this study. The data presented in this thesis are mainly derived from interview responses to a questionnaire that was developed for the purpose of this research study. The questionnaire was completed by individuals in the country’s Foreign Service (FS) who attended the FSI training programme and have been assigned to their first posting. Findings of this study indicate that the FSI training programme, in its current format, fall short of achieving its intended objective of equipping South African diplomats with the relevant diplomatic skills that are necessary for the effective and efficient execution of the country’s foreign policy. It is, therefore, recommended that FSI training programme be remodelled to address the actual challenges that the country’s diplomats face and thus emphasise the development of a uniquely South African training programme. This study concludes with recommendations for the DFA action on the future development of a remodelled FSI training programme for the FS, with the aim of enabling the institution to address public administration skills required for the successful implementation of the country’s foreign policy objectives.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009.
School of Public Management and Administration (SPMA)
unrestricted
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Van, der Waal Cornelis. "The potential liberalization of the Chinese monetary system and the impact on South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50510.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: China has experienced phenomenal economic growth over the past 20 years and has developed from a pure socialist economy into a market driven economy_ However the transfonnation process is not yet complete. China has a pegged currency system (this was the case up until 2110712005) that is coupled to the US dollar. The result of this was that their currency fluctuated much less than other developing country currencies and hence became a very attractive investment destination. In addition to this labour in China is very cheap and access to economies of scale is available. But despite the many positive aspects of the Chinese economy there are also a number of elements that have very negative consequences for the economy and need to be addressed if China wishes to create prosperity for all its citizens. The value of the yuan has been a topic of great contention, and there are very different opinions as to what the currency value should be. After careful consideration of the various options available to China it was assessed that it would be highly detrimental for China to suddenly free float its currency. However it is essential for China to gradually liberate their monetary system so as to create more monetary autonomy. To ensure that liberalization is done in an orderly and non~djsruptjve way, it is important that China refonns other aspects of its economy (such as its banking system, its unprofitable state owned enterprises, its need for energy, income inequality, the protection of intellectual property, its legal system, worker rights and growing unemployment). South Africa, as an emerging economy, also faces a number of challenges to create more opportunities for its people (of whom many are still living in poverty). Obstacles to economic growth include the effects of HN and AIDS, low productivity, discrepancy between the available and the needed skills, unemployment, crime and so forth. A number of positive aspects also exist that need to be harnessed more creatively to ensure that South Africans reap the rewards of sustained economic development. However, it is important that all the people in the economy (i.e. government, business, communities and NGOs) work together to create a positive business environment.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: China het indrukwekkende ekonomiese groei oor die afgelope 20 jaar ervaar en het ontwikkel van 'n sosiale ekonomie tot 'n markgedrewe ekonomie. Die transforrnasie proses is egter nog nie voltooi nie. China het 'n gekoppelde geldeenheid (dit was die geval tot en met 21107/2005) wat aan die Amerikaanse dollar gekoppel was. Die resultaat was dat hulle geldeenheid minder gefluktueer het as ander ontwikkelende ekonomiee, en China het dus 'n gesogte beleggingsoord geword. Daarmee saam is die koste van arbeid in China baie goedkoop en kan daar van skaalvoordele gebruik gemaak word. Maar ten spyte van die positiewe aspekte. is daar ook 'n aantal elemente wat baie negatiewe gevolge vir die ekonomie inhou en wat aangespreek moet word as China voorspoed vir al sy landsburgers wil verseker. Die waarde van die Chinese yuan is die afgelope paar jaar 'n onderwerp van omstredenheid gewees wat baie verskillende opinies oor die werklike waarde van die eenheid tot gevolg gehad het. Na die oorweging van die verskeie opsies wat beskikbaar is vir China, is bevind dat 'n skielike vrystelling van die yuan baie negatiewe effekte op die ekonomie sal hê. Maar dit is belangrik dat China weI hul geldeenheid geleidelik liberaliseer sodat die regering meer outonomiteit kan hê (in terme van monetere besluitneming). Om te verseker dat die liberalisering op 'n ordelike en nie-ontwrigtende manier sal plaasvind nie, is dit belangrik dat daar ook liberalisering plaasvind in ander areas van die ekonomie (soos die bankstelsel, die nie-winsgewende staatsbeheerde besighede, die gebruik van energie, inkomste ongelykheid, die beskenning van intellektuele eiendom, die regstelsel, werkersregte en die groeiende werkloosheid). Suid-Afrika, as 'n ontluikende ekonomie, het ook 'n aantal uitdagings wat oorkorn moet word indien volhoubare ekonomiese groei behaal wil word. Hindemisse tot ekonomiese groei sluit in MIV en VIGS, lae produktiwiteit, die wanverhouding tussen benodigde en beskikbare vaardighede, werkloosheid, misdaad en ander sosiale probleme. Daarteenoor is daar wel baie positiewe aspekte wat meer effektief benut moet word om groei te dryf. Dit is ook baie belangrik dat al die kernpelers in die ekonomie hul kant bring (dus die regering, georganiseerde besigheid, werkers, werkloses en gemeenskapsorganisasies).
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Kotúčová, Michaela. "The Evolution of the Foreign Policy of Italy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193892.
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This paper work analyses the foreign policy of Italy from its foundation in 1861 until nowadays. Its main aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the Italian actions and its position within the international system as well as to examine core objectives, means and factors of the Italian foreign policy making. The country went through different stages during its 154-year existence and experienced various types of state organisation and ideologies which were all reflect in its foreign policy making. The analysis verifies that the approach to the foreign policy making, targets and means to achieve them in Italy differed in each phase. These phases were the Kingdom of Italy, the First Republic and the Second Republic. Hence, the foreign policy of Italy is examined in the framework of these stages and each chapter thus corresponds to one of them. A theoretical chapter is also incorporated into this paper work in order to facilitate the understanding of the forthcoming analysis further in the text.
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Mdlazi, David Thembalikayise Francis. "An appropriate financial management and budgeting system to support transition in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51590.
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Thesis (MAdmin)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study is devoted to the determination of an appropriate financial management and budgeting system to support a transforming South Africa. Given the challenges and opportunities presented by the new political dispensation, both locally and abroad, the evolution of financial management and budgeting systems is analysed. Specifically, elements of each budgetary system that stood the test of time to the present, are studied. International case studies of countries that have undergone (or are undergoing) the transformation process successfully, or otherwise, are fully discussed to serve as invaluable lessons and experience for South Africa on its quest for a smooth and swift transformation, to prevent it from ending up as just another unsuccessful transformation. This then serves as a broad foundation for an appropriate financial management and budgeting system which is proactive in the transformation process. South Africa will not reinvent the wheel. Unlike other countries that waited for transformation problems to fall upon them, the South African financial management and budgeting system manipulates the financial management policies. It achieves this by broadly defining the objectives to be achieved through prioritisation and reprioritisation, formulate clear strategies for shortterm, medium-term and long-term plans, goals, processes, functions and activities. It applies all the positive elements of input-orientated systems, activity/ performance measuring systems, objective/goal-orientated system, medium term expenditure framework and multi-year budgets studied and drawn from lessons and experience of other countries. South Africa's appropriate financial management and budgeting system is a broad crosswalk model vacillating between all systems from a broad definition of objectives, goals, processes and activities ending up with a strong financial management tool.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dié studie word gewy aan die daarstelling van 'n Geskikte Finansiële Bestuur en Begrotingstelsel om 'n veranderende Suid-Afrika te ondersteun. Teen die agtergrond van die uitdagings daargestel deur die nuwe politieke bestel word die revolusie van finansiële bestuur- en begrotingstelsels plaaslik en in die buiteland ontleed en in perspektief geplaas. Meer spesifiek is die elemente van elke begrotingstelsel wat die toets van die tyd deurstaan het, bestudeer. Internasionale studies van lande wat die veranderingsproses suksesvol ondergaan het (of tans daarmee besig is), of andersins, word volledig bespreek om as 'n onskatbare les en ondervinding vir Suid-Afrika in sy soektog na 'n gladde en vinnige transformasie te dien en om te verhoed dat dit op net nog 'n onsuksesvolle transformasie uitloop. Dit dien dan as 'n breë grondslag vir 'n Geskikte Finansiële Bestuur- en Begrotingstelsel wat proaktief in die Suid-Afrikaanse transformasieproses is. Suid-Afrika sal nie die wiel kan heruitvind nie. Anders as in ander lande wat op transformasieprobleme gewag het om hulle te tref, kan die Suid- Afrikaanse Finansiële Bestuur- en Begrotingstelsels finansiële bestuursbeleid pro-aktief ondersteun. Dit word bewerkstellig deur 'n omvattende bepaling van die mikpunte wat bereik moet word deur priorisering en herpriorisering van planne, doelwitte, prosesse, funksies en aktiwiteite op die kort, medium en lang termyn. Dit is moontlik indien al die positiewe elemente van verskillende finansiële bestuur- en begrotingsteiseis, soos bestudeer in en geleer uit ander lande se ondervindings toegepas word. Suid-Afrika se Finansiële Bestuur- en Begrotingstelsel behels 'n breë omvattende model wat put uit al die stelsels wat 'n bepaling van doelstellings, mikpunte, prosesse en aktiwiteite bevat ten einde te eindig met 'n sterk Finansiële Bestuurswerktuig.
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Leseeto, Saidimu. "The role of risk management in pastoral policy development and poverty measurement : system dynamics simulation approach." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/344349/.
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Livestock-based agriculture plays an important role in the development of sub-saharan Africa, especially those countries whose livestock industry contributes significantly to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In Kenya, agriculture alone accounts for 21% of the GDP and provides employment directly or indirectly to over 75% of the total labour force. The livestock industry, mainly arid rangelands, contributes 50% of the agricultural productivity. However, these Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASALs) are exposed to a myriad of risks affecting the environment which is the pastoral core asset. These risks arise from climatic change and variability, growth in human population and expanding settlements, changes in the land use systems, poor infrastructure, diseases, wildlife predation, and inter-ethnic conflicts. The consequences of these pastoral risks include: (1) declining per capita asset value, (2) increased health problems, (3) increased poverty, and (4) declining GDP generated from pastoralism. While a lot of resources have been invested in responding to the pastoral crisis associated with droughts, there is still inadequate understanding of the policy measures to put in place as mitigation strategies. The aims of this research are (1) identify the main pastoral risks and community response strategies, (2) assess the impact the identified risks on the wellbeing of pastoralists based on financial, human, physical, natural and social capital measurements (5 C‘s), and (3) develop a System Dynamics (SD) model to assess the holistic impact of community and government response strategies on pastoral wellbeing. Samburu district, in northern Kenya, was chosen as a study area because it is classified as 100% ASAL and experiences frequent droughts and changing land use systems. The research process involved literature synthesis, analysis of both cross-sectional and a 5-year panel data, and the development of a System Dynamics model. Cross-section data was primarily collected for the purposes of identifying the extent to which risks affect households, while the 5-year panel data was sourced from the Arid Lands Resource Management Project (ALRMP). Descriptive and empirical analysis showed that droughts, land use system and human population were considered as the main cause of shrinking rangeland productivity and as a result declining per capita livestock. This was further confirmed from the panel data analysis indicating climate variability as the main driver of pastoral wellbeing. Droughts affect rangeland pasture productivity, market prices, livestock assets, and households‘ nutritional status and poverty levels. These results imply a multifaceted nature of pastoral system with compound affects. The SD simulation result, which was run over the period January 2006 to December 2030, provided insights on policy evaluation and the state of pastoral wellbeing. Baseline scenario indicated reducing livestock ownership, causing high malnutrition and poverty rates. Strategies which incorporated rangeland rehabilitation, planned settlements, livestock disease control, insurance against droughts, reducing inter-ethnic conflicts, and timely destocking offered better policy options. These strategies resulted in reduced malnutrition, increased pasture productivity, reduced livestock losses and ultimately reducing poverty rates among the pastoral communities.
Books on the topic "System of management of foreign economic policy"
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Yip, Paul Sau-Leung. China's exchange rate system reform: Lessons for macroeconomic policy management. Singapore: World Scientific, 2011.
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Management in China: Systems Reform, Human Resources and Emergent Globalization. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: IOS Press, 2011.
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Office, General Accounting. Foreign aid: Efforts to improve the judicial system in El Salvador : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere Affairs, Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: U.S. General Accounting Office, 1990.
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Office, General Accounting. Export controls: Assessment of Commerce Department's foreign policy report to Congress : report to the Congress. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1986.
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Achime, Nwabueze H. Investment policy analysis and the Nigerian economic system. Ogbete Enugu, Nigeria: Zwei Consort Publications, 1996.
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Ryś, Bronisław. Jugosłowiański system samorządowy. Warszawa: Instytut Krajów Socjalistycznych PAN, 1986.
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Office, General Accounting. Export controls: Multilateral efforts to improve enforcement : report to the Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade, Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: U.S. General Accounting Office, 1992.
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Workshop on Economic Management (1997 : Dar es Salaam, Tanzania), ed. The management of foreign aid in Tanzania. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Economic and Social Research Foundation, 1997.
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Kikkawa, Takeo. The Japanese corporate system and economic growth. Tokyo, Japan: University of Tokyo, Institute of Social Science, 1996.
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Office, General Accounting. Foreign assistance: Any further aid to Haitian justice system should be linked to performance-related conditions : report to Congressional Requesters. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): U.S. General Accounting Office, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "System of management of foreign economic policy"
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Clement, Wolfgang. "Fairs as an instrument of economic and foreign policy." In Trade Show Management, 81–84. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-05658-4_6.
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Rajan, Ramkishen S., and Sasidaran Gopalan. "Do Foreign Banks Enhance Banking System Efficiency?" In Economic Management in a Volatile Environment, 164–80. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137371522_8.
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Tanter, Raymond. "International System and Foreign Policy Approaches: Implications for Conflict Modelling and Management." In Theory and Policy in International Relations, 7–39. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400871353-003.
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Weidel, Birgit. "The Community Export Control System for Dual Use Goods — A Story of Reconquering Lost Grounds?" In External Economic Relations and Foreign Policy in the European Union, 419–44. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6156-2_13.
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Wegren, Stephen K., and Frode Nilssen. "Introduction: Is Russia’s Role in the International Agri-Food System Sustainable?" In Palgrave Advances in Bioeconomy: Economics and Policies, 1–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77451-6_1.
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AbstractThis introductory chapter examines the question whether Russia’s increased role in the international agri-food system is sustainable. Russia’s role in the international food trade system has changed from being a food importer to an importer and exporter. The first section discusses several factors that impact food imports: food production; knowledge-based innovation; politicalisation of food trade policy; and population and consumption. The second part examines factors that affect food exports: agri-food export policy; climate change; foreign competition; infrastructure; and regional foreign demand. The final section provides an outlook for the future, concluding that Russia will remain a food importer although the structure of imported commodities and trading partners will continue to evolve. Absent a major climatological disaster or significant economic downturn, we express cautious optimism that Russia will continue as a major food exporter.
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Griffith-Jones, Stephany, and Bettina De Souza Guilherme. "Introduction." In Financial Crisis Management and Democracy, 1–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54895-7_1.
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AbstractThis book is the result of the first 3 years of the comparative and multidisciplinary Jean Monnet Network, “Crisis-Equity-Democracy for Europe and Latin America”, of senior academics and policy advisors from four European and three Latin American countries, including experts on the European Union and Latin American regionalism. The rationale of the project and the common link is that both Europe and Latin America can learn from their respective experiences on “crisis”, its management and the distributive and democratic implications at national and regional level. The main purposes of the joint research can be summarised as to (1) locate in the current global financial system as one of the very major causes of the financial and debt crises in the EU and Latin America; (2) demonstrate the impact of the paradigm change on global and EU economic governance; (3) analyse key systemic aspects of the global crisis, i.e. climate change, macro-financial instability and the weakening of democracy and their inter-connections; (4) map and evaluate how both regions and individual countries within both regions have tried to manage these crises; (5) discuss the economic, political and social effects of these crises on both regions and individual countries; (6) finally, to make policy suggestions on how to transition from finance capitalism to a more sustainable real capitalism, on how both regions can better manage/govern/respond to such systemic pressures and on how they can increase their cooperation.
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Maire, Juliette, Peter Alexander, Peter Anthoni, Chris Huntingford, Thomas A. M. Pugh, Sam Rabin, Mark Rounsevell, and Almut Arneth. "A New Modelling Approach to Adaptation-Mitigation in the Land System." In Springer Climate, 133–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86211-4_16.
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AbstractClimate change, growing populations and economic shocks are adding pressure on the global agricultural system’s ability to feed the world. In addition to curbing the emissions from fossil fuel use, land-based actions are seen as essential in the effort to mitigate climate change, but these tend to reduce areas available for food production, thereby further increasing this pressure. The actors of the food system have the capacity to respond and adapt to changes in climate, and thereby reduce the negative consequences, while potentially creating additional challenges, including further greenhouse gas emissions. The food system actors may respond autonomously based on economic drivers and other factors to adapt to climate change, whereas policy measures are usually needed for mitigation actions to be implemented. Much research and policy focus has been given to land-based climate change mitigation, but far less emphasis has to date been given to the understanding of adaptation, or the interaction between adaptation and mitigation in the land use and food system. Here, we present an approach to better understand and plan these interactions through modelling. Climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies and the impacts on the global food system and socio-economic development can be simulated over long-term predictions, thanks to the new combination of multiple models into the Land System Modular Model (LandSyMM). LandSyMM takes into account the impacts in changes in climate (i.e. temperature, precipitation, atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations) and land management on crop yields with its implications for land allocation, food security and trade. This new coupled model integrates, over fine spatial scale, the interactions between commodities consumption, land use management, vegetation and climate into a worldwide dynamic economic system. This study offers an outline description of the LandSyMM as well as the perspectives of uses for climate adaptation assessment.
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Schmidt, Jeremy J. "Water as Global Social Policy—International Organizations, Resource Scarcity, and Environmental Security." In International Organizations in Global Social Governance, 275–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65439-9_12.
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AbstractWater is an important area of global social policy. This chapter provides historical context for understanding how international organizations developed a distinctly global orientation to water policy alongside the emergence of global hydrology in the mid-twentieth century. Subsequently, international organizations linked concerns over water scarcity to integrated approaches to resource management. As human impacts on the global water system accelerated into the twenty-first century, international organizations influenced the shift from concerns over resource scarcity to those over environmental security. Water security is now central to how international organizations frame and respond to risks affecting interconnected environmental and economic systems.
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Germann, Julian. "Foreign Economic Policy and Advanced Unevenness." In Unwitting Architect, 34–58. Stanford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503609846.003.0003.
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This chapter develops an alternative framework to understand Germany’s role in the global rise of neoliberalism. Eschewing a comparative approach, it interrogates the German political economy as not only different from but fundamentally entwined with other national political economies. The lens of uneven and combined development is used to conceptualize this interconnectedness, emphasizing the co-evolution of national capitalisms, the systemic pressures that arise from their coexistence, and the interactive context of foreign economic decision making. This heuristic characterizes neoliberalism as an interactive process involving several states and diverse ideas, rather than an Anglo-American project writ large. Neoliberalism, in this view, did not arise from the domestic conditions prevailing in the US or the UK alone, but within a wider international environment structured by the German state for particular reasons that precede the Anglo-American turn and continue to shape its crisis management today.
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Saisho, Tetsuro. "The Global Supply Chain Management System Involving the ASEAN Industrial Clusters." In Frameworks and Cases on Evolutional Supply Chain, 240–58. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9800-9.ch012.
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In the ASEAN, as a national industrial policy, many industrial clusters, such as industrial parks, have been established, and the region is experiencing dynamic growth through foreign direct investment. In the industrial clusters of the ASEAN, attracting foreign companies has had a great economic spillover effect, including increased employment of workers and creation of demand in the region. In addition, among the ASEAN countries, especially Thailand and the neighboring CLMV nations, the construction of a global supply chain, with distribution systems such as the East-West Economic Corridor, North-South Economic Corridor, and Southern Economic Corridor, is increasing the countries' connectivity. The regional GSC with neighboring countries is an international business system based on collaboration between cross-border industrial clusters and other business entities, here involving the logistics systems of the ASEAN countries. In this study, the authors consider the current situation and issues regarding the cross-border GSC that Thailand is developing with its neighbors in the ASEAN.
Conference papers on the topic "System of management of foreign economic policy"
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Simko, N. N., and M. P. Ogorodnikova. "Financial management in Russia and abroad." In VIII Information school of a young scientist. Central Scientific Library of the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32460/ishmu-2020-8-0025.
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Development of financial management in each country occurs in a unique way It is due to historical traditions, administrative structure, internal and foreign policy of the state (aimed to improving the socio-economic situation in the country), the needs of various economic structures and organizations of the public administration system, including those aimed to centralizing (decentralizing) the management of financial flows of the country. In the paper, relevance of the research topic is due to strengthening the role of financial management under conditions of digitalization of the economy and searching the ways to improve the effectiveness of financial management in Russia including on the basis of domestic experience and the experience of developed foreign countries.
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GOLOVKO, Liudmyla. "IMPLEMENTATION OF EU WATER POLICY IN UKRAINE: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.103.
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The use, protection and management of water resources belong to the most urgent among global environmental problems of our time. Today, the civilization clearly realizes the need for careful management of water resources, maintaining and restoring its quality. Water quality determines the possibility of its use in various fields of human activity. For Ukraine problems of water sector are also acute and urgent. Low efficiency of water use, poor drinking water quality, nitrate contamination of water resources, poor condition of water bodies in Ukraine require more foreign experience in this sphere, especially the EU experience. The purpose of our scholarly work is to explore actual problems of harmonization of water legislation of Ukraine with the requirements of EU water policy and development of proposals for the improvement of Ukrainian legislation. Main features of harmonization of Ukrainian legislation in the water resources management sphere with EU law and prospects for implementation of principles of EU Water Framework Directive were analyzed. As a result of the study the ways of implementation of positive foreign experience of water objects management in Ukraine are considered. Considering the scale of ecological crisis in Ukraine the necessity of forming a new system of economic regulators of nature is obvious. Such system must not only accumulate funds for urgent actions, but primarily encourage economic entities to protect the natural environment. We consider it appropriate to introduce mandatory environmental insurance for operators of environmentally hazardous activities.
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Saralinova, Dzhamilya. "Management Of Foreign Economic Relations Based On Structural Policy." In SCTCMG 2019 - Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.12.04.374.
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Khomenko, L. M., and S. M. Semenko. "Improving the management system of foreign economic activity." In Actual question of management of sustainable development in today’s society: problems and prospects. Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi National University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30929/2227-3549.2021.10.26-28.
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BRAN, Florina, Dumitru Alexandru BODISLAV, Raluca Iuliana GEORGESCU, and Svetlana PLATAGEA GOMBOȘ. "MANAGING THE EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, NATIONAL SECURITY AND CAPITALISM." In International Management Conference. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/imc/2021/01.20.
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This paper analyses the relation and developed equilibrium between economic development, national security and capitalism by evaluating the fields of foreign policy, national security and strategic partnerships. The purpose is to offer a global perspective on Romania’s vantage point towards globalization.
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Kai, Qi. "Research on Foreign Travelers Credit Management Model on the Basis of China’s Transit Visa-Free Policy." In 2021 6th International Conference on Social Sciences and Economic Development (ICSSED 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210407.090.
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Sukharev, Oleg. "Structural Dynamics, Economic Growth and Macroeconomic Policy in Russia." In 2020 13th International Conference Management of large-scale system development (MLSD). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mlsd49919.2020.9247799.
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Černohorská, Liběna, Jana Janderová, and Veronika Procházková. "Monetary Policy Before and After the Financial Crisis and Its Economic and Legislative Impacts – Case of The Czech Republic." In 2nd International Conference on Business, Management and Finance. Acavent, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/2nd.icbmf.2019.11.775.
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The article analyses monetary policy response to the world financial crisis and focuses more closely on the monetary policy of the Czech National Bank (CNB) at this time. Until 2007, the implementation of monetary policy in OECD countries was perceived very positively. However, the financial crisis has clearly shown that the world’s financial markets are highly interconnected, and this can have a major impact on individual national economies. Therefore, the monetary policy strategy has changed from a policy based on the so-called flexible inflation targeting. Ensuring price stability is emphasised as part of the monetary policy role of the CNB in the provisions of Article 98 of the Constitution, in the Czech Republic. CNB is perceived as one of the most independent central banks, the contituional dimension of its independence being confirmed by case law of the Czech Constitutional Court. In response to the financial crisis, CNB was forced to pursue unconventional monetary policy in the form of foreign exchange interventions between 2013 and 2017. However, during the time period of these interventions, CNB policy did not lead to achievement of the inflation target. Following the completion of foreign exchange interventions, CNB returned to conventional monetary policy through interest rates.
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Yu, Jianxia. "Re-examination of "Pollution Haven" or "Pollution Halo" Effect on Foreign Direct Investment —Evidence from “Two Control Zones” Policy in China." In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Economic and Business Management (FEBM 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/febm-19.2019.1.
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Liu, Li. "Research on low carbon economic policy support system based on Web." In 2016 4th International Education, Economics, Social Science, Arts, Sports and Management Engineering Conference (IEESASM 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ieesasm-16.2016.13.
Full textReports on the topic "System of management of foreign economic policy"
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Andreasen, Eugenia, and Victoria Nuguer. Capital Flow Management Measures and Dollarization. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002905.
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This paper studies from an empirical and theoretical perspective the systemic and bank-level effects of imposing reserve requirements (RR) in foreign currency in an economy with a heavily dollarized financial system. The paper empirically characterizes banks responses to the RR carried out by the Peruvian Central Bank since 2008 with the objective of stabilizing the financial market and meeting its policy targets. The results suggest that the RR is effective in reducing the overall level of credit in the economy and that banks response in terms of credit and deposits is very heterogeneous depending on their ex ante preference for foreign funding ratio, i.e., the ratio of deposits in dollars to total loans. Motivated by the empirical insights, the paper builds a DSGE small-open-economy model with financial frictions à la Gertler-Karadi-Kiyotaki, where bank heterogeneity and financial dollarization are introduced to evaluate the effectiveness of the differential RR in reducing financial dollarization and improving financial resilience.
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Erkamo, Sanna, Karoliina Pilli-Sihvola, Atte Harjanne, and Heikki Tuomenvirta. Climate Security and Finland – A Review on Security Implications of Climate Change from the Finnish Perspective. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361362.
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This report describes the effects of climate change for Finland from the view of comprehensive security. The report examines both direct and indirect climate security risks as well as transition risks related to climate change mitigation. The report is based on previous research and expert interviews. Direct security risks refer to the immediate risks caused by the changing nature of natural hazards. These include the risks to critical infrastructure and energy systems, the logistics system, health and food security. Indirect security risks relate to the potential economic, political and geopolitical impacts of climate change. Climate change can affect global migration, increase conflict risk, and cause social tensions and inequality. Transition risks are related to economic and technological changes in energy transition, as well as political and geopolitical tensions and social problems caused by climate change mitigation policies. Reducing the use of fossil fuels can result in domestic and foreign policy tensions and economic pressure especially in locations dependent on fossil fuels. Political tension can also increase the risks associated with hybrid and information warfare. The security effects of climate change affect all sectors of society and the Finnish comprehensive security model should be utilized in preparing for them. In the short run, the most substantial arising climate change related security risks in Finland are likely to occur through indirect or transition risks. Finland, similar to other wealthy countries, has better technological, economic and institutional conditions to deal with the problems and risks posed by climate change than many other countries. However, this requires political will and focus on risk reduction and management.
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Khvostina, Inesa. Proceedings of the 2019 7th International Conference on Modeling, Development and Strategic Management of Economic System (MDSMES 2019). Edited by Liliana Horal, Vladimir Soloviev, and Andriy Matviychuk. Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3614.
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The Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas will hold the 7th International Conference on Modeling, Development and Strategic Management of Economic System (MDSMES 2019: http://mdsmes.nung.edu.ua/), which will take place on October 24-25, 2019 in Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Ivano-Frankivsk and Polyanytsia village (TC Bukovel), Ukraine. The purpose of the Conference is to exchange the experience and share the results of the scientific research, generalization and development of policy recommendations based on the strategic management of economic systems as well as development partnerships for the future collaboration. This conference provides opportunities for the different areas delegates to exchange new ideas and application experiences face to face, to establish business or research relations and to find global partners for future collaboration. We hope that the conference results constituted a significant contribution to the knowledge in these up-to-date scientific fields. We invite scientists, practitioners, teachers of educational institutions, doctoral students and graduate students to participate in the conference. The Organizing committee would like to express our sincere appreciation to everybody who has contributed to the conference. Heartfelt thanks are due to authors, reviewers, participants and to all the team of organizers for their support and enthusiasm which granted success to the conference. Hopefully, all participants and other interested readers benefit scientifically from the proceedings. We look forward to seeing you in the MDSMES 2019. We hope that this conference will be an annual event so we look forward to seeing you at MDSMES 2020. The Organizing Committee of MDSMES 2019
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Mahdavian, Farnaz. Germany Country Report. University of Stavanger, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.180.
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Germany is a parliamentary democracy (The Federal Government, 2021) with two politically independent levels of 1) Federal (Bund) and 2) State (Länder or Bundesländer), and has a highly differentiated decentralized system of Government and administration (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit, 2021). The 16 states in Germany have their own government and legislations which means the federal authority has the responsibility of formulating policy, and the states are responsible for implementation (Franzke, 2020). The Federal Government supports the states in dealing with extraordinary danger and the Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI) supports the states' operations with technology, expertise and other services (Federal Ministry of Interior, Building and Community, 2020). Due to the decentralized system of government, the Federal Government does not have the power to impose pandemic emergency measures. In the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to slowdown the spread of coronavirus, on 16 March 2020 the federal and state governments attempted to harmonize joint guidelines, however one month later State governments started to act more independently (Franzke & Kuhlmann, 2021). In Germany, health insurance is compulsory and more than 11% of Germany’s GDP goes into healthcare spending (Federal Statistical Office, 2021). Health related policy at the federal level is the primary responsibility of the Federal Ministry of Health. This ministry supervises institutions dealing with higher level of public health including the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), the Paul-Ehrlich-Institute (PEI), the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) and the Federal Centre for Health Education (Federal Ministry of Health, 2020). The first German National Pandemic Plan (NPP), published in 2005, comprises two parts. Part one, updated in 2017, provides a framework for the pandemic plans of the states and the implementation plans of the municipalities, and part two, updated in 2016, is the scientific part of the National Pandemic Plan (Robert Koch Institut, 2017). The joint Federal-State working group on pandemic planning was established in 2005. A pandemic plan for German citizens abroad was published by the German Foreign Office on its website in 2005 (Robert Koch Institut, 2017). In 2007, the federal and state Governments, under the joint leadership of the Federal Ministry of the Interior and the Federal Ministry of Health, simulated influenza pandemic exercise called LÜKEX 07, and trained cross-states and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007b). In 2017, within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with representatives from WHO and the World Bank to prepare for future pandemic events (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). By the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, on 27 February 2020, a joint crisis team of the Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI) and the Federal Ministry of Health (BMG) was established (Die Bundesregierung, 2020a). On 4 March 2020 RKI published a Supplement to the National Pandemic Plan for COVID-19 (Robert Koch Institut, 2020d), and on 28 March 2020, a law for the protection of the population in an epidemic situation of national scope (Infektionsschutzgesetz) came into force (Bundesgesundheitsministerium, 2020b). In the first early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, Germany managed to slow down the speed of the outbreak but was less successful in dealing with the second phase. Coronavirus-related information and measures were communicated through various platforms including TV, radio, press conferences, federal and state government official homepages, social media and applications. In mid-March 2020, the federal and state governments implemented extensive measures nationwide for pandemic containment. Step by step, social distancing and shutdowns were enforced by all Federal States, involving closing schools, day-cares and kindergartens, pubs, restaurants, shops, prayer services, borders, and imposing a curfew. To support those affected financially by the pandemic, the German Government provided large economic packages (Bundesministerium der Finanzen, 2020). These measures have adopted to the COVID-19 situation and changed over the pandemic. On 22 April 2020, the clinical trial of the corona vaccine was approved by Paul Ehrlich Institute, and in late December 2020, the distribution of vaccination in Germany and all other EU countries
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Ruiz de Gauna, Itziar, Anil Markandya, Laura Onofri, Francisco (Patxi) Greño, Javier Warman, Norma Arce, Alejandra Navarrete, et al. Economic Valuation of the Ecosystem Services of the Mesoamerican Reef, and the Allocation and Distribution of these Values. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003289.
Full textAbstract:
Coral reefs are one of the most diverse and valuable ecosystems on Earth. The Mesoamerican Reef contains the largest barrier reef in the Western Hemisphere. However, its health is threatened, so there is a need for a management and sustainable conservation. Key to this is knowing the economic value of the ecosystem. “Mainstreaming the value of natural capital into policy decision-making is vital” The value of environmental and natural resources reflects what society is willing to pay for a good or service or to conserve natural resources. Conventional economic approaches tended to view value only in terms of the willingness to pay for raw materials and physical products generated for human production and consumption (e.g. fish, mining materials, pharmaceutical products, etc.). As recognition of the potential negative impacts of human activity on the environment became more widespread, economists began to understand that people might also be willing to pay for other reasons beyond the own current use of the service (e.g. to protect coral reefs from degradation or to know that coral reefs will remain intact in the future). As a result of this debate, Total Economic Value (TEV) became the most widely used and commonly accepted framework for classifying economic benefits of ecosystems and for trying to integrate them into decision-making. This report estimates the economic value of the following goods and services provided by the MAR's coral reefs: Tourism & Recreation, Fisheries, Shoreline protection. To our knowledge, the inclusion of non-use values in the economic valuation of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System is novel, which makes the study more comprehensive.
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Davies, Will. Improving the engagement of UK armed forces overseas. Royal Institute of International Affairs, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135010.
Full textAbstract:
The UK government’s Integrated Review of security, defence, development and foreign policy, published in March 2021 alongside a supporting defence command paper, set a new course for UK national security and highlighted opportunities for an innovative approach to international engagement activity. The Integrated Review focused principally on the state threats posed by China’s increasing power and by competitors – including Russia – armed with nuclear, conventional and hybrid capabilities. It also stressed the continuing risks to global security and resilience due to conflict and instability in weakened and failed states. These threats have the potential to increase poverty and inequality, violent extremism, climate degradation and the forced displacement of people, while presenting authoritarian competitors with opportunities to enhance their geopolitical influence. There are moral, security and economic motives to foster durable peace in conflict-prone and weakened regions through a peacebuilding approach that promotes good governance, addresses the root causes of conflict and prevents violence, while denying opportunities to state competitors. The recent withdrawal from Afghanistan serves to emphasize the complexities and potential pitfalls associated with intervention operations in complex, unstable regions. Success in the future will require the full, sustained and coordinated integration of national, allied and regional levers of power underpinned by a sophisticated understanding of the operating environment. The UK armed forces, with their considerable resources and global network, will contribute to this effort through ‘persistent engagement’. This is a new approach to overseas operations below the threshold of conflict, designed as a pre-emptive complement to warfighting. To achieve this, the UK Ministry of Defence (MOD) must develop a capability that can operate effectively in weak, unstable and complex regions prone to violent conflict and crises, not least in the regions on the eastern and southern flanks of the Euro-Atlantic area. The first step must be the development of a cohort of military personnel with enhanced, tailored levels of knowledge, skills and experience. Engagement roles must be filled by operators with specialist knowledge, skills and experience forged beyond the mainstream discipline of combat and warfighting. Only then will individuals develop a genuinely sophisticated understanding of complex, politically driven and sensitive operating environments and be able to infuse the design and delivery of international activities with practical wisdom and insight. Engagement personnel need to be equipped with: An inherent understanding of the human and political dimensions of conflict, the underlying drivers such as inequality and scarcity, and the exacerbating factors such as climate change and migration; - A grounding in social sciences and conflict modelling in order to understand complex human terrain; - Regional expertise enabled by language skills, cultural intelligence and human networks; - Familiarity with a diverse range of partners, allies and local actors and their approaches; - Expertise in building partner capacity and applying defence capabilities to deliver stability and peace; - A grasp of emerging artificial intelligence technology as a tool to understand human terrain; - Reach and insight developed through ‘knowledge networks’ of external experts in academia, think-tanks and NGOs. Successful change will be dependent on strong and overt advocacy by the MOD’s senior leadership and a revised set of personnel policies and procedures for this cohort’s selection, education, training, career management, incentivization, sustainability and support.
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Financial Stability Report - Second Semester of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.sem2.eng-2020.
Full textAbstract:
The Colombian financial system has not suffered major structural disruptions during these months of deep economic contraction and has continued to carry out its basic functions as usual, thus facilitating the economy's response to extreme conditions. This is the result of the soundness of financial institutions at the beginning of the crisis, which was reflected in high liquidity and capital adequacy indicators as well as in the timely response of various authorities. Banco de la República lowered its policy interest rates 250 points to 1.75%, the lowest level since the creation of the new independent bank in 1991, and provided ample temporary and permanent liquidity in both pesos and foreign currency. The Office of the Financial Superintendent of Colombia, in turn, adopted prudential measures to facilitate changes in the conditions for loans in effect and temporary rules for rating and loan-loss provisions. Finally, the national government expanded the transfers as well as the guaranteed credit programs for the economy. The supply of real credit (i.e. discounting inflation) in the economy is 4% higher today than it was 12 months ago with especially marked growth in the housing (5.6%) and commercial (4.7%) loan portfolios (2.3% in consumer and -0.1% in microloans), but there have been significant changes over time. During the first few months of the quarantine, firms increased their demands for liquidity sharply while consumers reduced theirs. Since then, the growth of credit to firms has tended to slow down, while consumer and housing credit has grown. The financial system has responded satisfactorily to the changes in the respective demands of each group or sector and loans may grow at high rates in 2021 if GDP grows at rates close to 4.6% as the technical staff at the Bank expects; but the forecasts are highly uncertain. After the strict quarantine implemented by authorities in Colombia, the turmoil seen in March and early April, which was evident in the sudden reddening of macroeconomic variables on the risk heatmap in Graph A,[1] and the drop in crude oil and coal prices (note the high volatility registered in market risk for the region on Graph A) the local financial markets stabilized relatively quickly. Banco de la República’s credible and sustained policy response played a decisive role in this stabilization in terms of liquidity provision through a sharp expansion of repo operations (and changes in amounts, terms, counterparties, and eligible instruments), the purchases of public and private debt, and the reduction in bank reserve requirements. In this respect, there is now abundant aggregate liquidity and significant improvements in the liquidity position of investment funds. In this context, the main vulnerability factor for financial stability in the short term is still the high degree of uncertainty surrounding loan quality. First, the future trajectory of the number of people infected and deceased by the virus and the possible need for additional health measures is uncertain. For that reason, there is also uncertainty about the path for economic recovery in the short and medium term. Second, the degree to which the current shock will be reflected in loan quality once the risk materializes in banks’ financial statements is uncertain. For the time being, the credit risk heatmap (Graph B) indicates that non-performing and risky loans have not shown major deterioration, but past experience indicates that periods of sharp economic slowdown eventually tend to coincide with rises in non-performing loans: the calculations included in this report suggest that the impact of the recession on credit quality could be significant in the short term. This is particularly worrying since the profitability of credit establishments has been declining in recent months, and this could affect their ability to provide credit to the real sector of the economy. In order to adopt a forward-looking approach to this vulnerability, this Report presents several stress tests that evaluate the resilience of the liquidity and capital adequacy of credit institutions and investment funds in the event of a hypothetical scenario that seeks to simulate an extreme version of current macroeconomic conditions. The results suggest that even though there could be strong impacts on the credit institutions’ volume of credit and profitability under such scenarios, aggregate indicators of total and core capital adequacy will probably remain at levels that are above the regulatory limits over the horizon of a year. At the same time, the exercises highlight the high capacity of the system's liquidity to face adverse scenarios. In compliance with its constitutional objectives and in coordination with the financial system's security network, Banco de la República will continue to closely monitor the outlook for financial stability at this juncture and will make the decisions that are necessary to ensure the proper functioning of the economy, facilitate the flow of sufficient credit and liquidity resources, and further the smooth operation of the payment systems. Juan José Echavarría Governor