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1
O’Connor, Karl. "What are the ideas and motivations of bureaucrats within a religiously contested society?" International Review of Administrative Sciences 83, no. 1 (July 10, 2016): 63–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852315574996.
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This article reports research on bureaucrat behaviour. Where discretion exists, do primary associations such as religious, gender or racial identity guide behaviour or are these associations superseded by secondary learned professional or technocratic attachments? Using the theoretical lens of representative bureaucracy and Q methodology to investigate bureaucrat role perceptions, two distinct bureaucrat typologies are identified in Belfast. The evidence demonstrates that an elite-level bureaucrat may actively represent his or her own professional interests or, alternatively, may seek out and actively represent the interests of the political elite as a collective. The findings have implications for representative bureaucracy research as it is demonstrated that an elite-level bureaucrat may actively represent something other than a primary identity. This contribution also provides a useful insight into everyday life within a bureau of a successful power-sharing system of governance. Points for practitioners Politicians and bureaucrats from Northern Ireland are perpetually being invited to ‘teach the lessons’ of their power-sharing experience. This article highlights the importance of the elite-level bureaucrat in sustaining power-sharing regimes and provides an empirical basis for those seeking to draw on the Northern Ireland experience of conflict management and post-conflict governance.
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O’Connor, Karl, Craig Larkin, Mansour Nasasra, and Kelsey Shanks. "School Choice and Conflict Narratives: Representative Bureaucracy at the Street Level in East Jerusalem." Administration & Society 52, no. 4 (May 26, 2019): 528–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399719850102.
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In representative bureaucracy research, the dominant view holds that passive representation leads to active representation. Much of the research to date has focused on the conditions that influence this process. In this research, we argue that more attention needs to be paid to the manifestation of active representation, rather than simply its presence. We find that although passive representation may indeed lead to active representation, the nature of this active representation is interpreted differently by those sharing a primary identity. We use the lens of representative bureaucracy theory, and Q Methodology, to understand how street-level bureaucrats in East Jerusalem use their discretion within the education system of a contested society.
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Siverson, Rolf I. "From Chimera's Womb: The Manchukuo Bureaucracy and Its Legacy in East Asia." International Journal of Asian Studies 17, no. 1 (January 2020): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479591420000133.
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AbstractWithin the Japanese Empire, the Manchukuo bureaucracy was unique for its high level of centralization and standardization. This study argues that Manchukuo's bureaucratic recruitment and training processes molded civil officials into a paramilitary force, dedicated to developmentalism and a radical belief in the transformative power of the state. It approaches the institutional and cultural development of the Manchukuo bureaucracy as an evolutionary process. As pan-Asian radicals, military officials, and reform bureaucrats competed for control of Japan's imperial project, their ideas and agendas merged into a hybrid system of bureaucratic management that served as a model for the wartime empire. Looking past the temporal juncture of August 1945, this study also foregrounds the legacy of the Manchukuo bureaucracy on postwar East Asia. Manchukuo's government institutions recruited and indoctrinated not just Japanese but Korean, Taiwanese, and other imperial subjects in the name of ethnic harmony. Back in their homelands, these men adapted to their experience and training into the foundations of developmental nationalism and authoritarian state structures during the Cold War.
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Diana, Bambang Agus. "Pengaruh Politik Dalam Birokrasi Pemerintahan." Ministrate: Jurnal Birokrasi dan Pemerintahan Daerah 2, no. 1 (March 29, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/jbpd.v2i1.7585.
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Public Management is a management organization that is formed to achieve goals by coordinating the various interests of many people in a system and administrative pattern. So bureaucratic organizations are activities that require close coordination of activities involving a large number of people and are very structured in the process of implementing government. Increased bureaucracy must be supported by the people above who run the government and not only on the system, as well as any system or rules that are made, if only the people who run the system do not have the ability, and are consistent with their work or devices will be as expected. The public view, bureaucracy is closely related to the problem of service, orderly, systematic, both from the central government to the village level government. The real purpose of bureaucracy is that every public service need can be resolved quickly. Increasing government bureaucracy must be created through healthy apparatus both physically and spiritually (morality). The hope of the community for the bureaucracy is served well and quickly, without convolution with good service, it will accelerate the realization of the goals and aspirations of the people. Politics is an instrument for realizing community goals, namely through government bureaucracy, which results from the political process. The purpose of this paper is to provide a view of the political influence of reforming government bureaucracy. The conclusion is that if public services can be done well through government bureaucracy, then that must be the condition of the implementing government apparatus in addition to having human resources that are in accordance with a morally healthy body.
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Ionescu, Luminita. "The Role of Accounting and Internal Control in Reducing Bureaucracy in the Public Sector." Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People 5, no. 4 (December 30, 2016): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/jedep.v5i4.511.
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The aim of this paper is to present the relation between efficient internal control and accounting procedures and how the internal control system could play an important role in reducing bureaucracy. Nowadays, the government accounting and control of public finances are a national and international priority, in the context refugee crisis and terrorist attacks. Modernization of the public sector accounting could accelerate the process of reducing bureaucracy by implementing accounting information system and electronic signature. The reform of the public administration in all European countries developed new control techniques and procedures in order to control public sector budget and financial activity. Efficient intern control procedure and managerial responsibility could contribute to good governance, transparency and low level of bureaucracy.
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Brødsgaard, Kjeld Erik. "Institutional Reform and the Bianzhi System in China." China Quarterly 170 (June 2002): 361–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009443902000232.
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The article addresses the important issue of the bianzhi system and the role this system plays in governing China at the central and the local level. In making a critical distinction between nomenklatura and bianzhi, loosely translated as “establishment of posts,” the article provides a new perspective on key issues and concepts in the Chinese administrative reform process. The ultimate aim of the process is to create a leaner and more efficient public sector by shedding non-essential functions and by downsizing the bureaucracy. Two cases are used as illustrations of the issues and problems involved. The first is a discussion of central-level reform with a special emphasis on the reorganization of the Ministry of Personnel in 1998. The second is an analysis of local reform with a focus on the experiment of “small government, big society” in Hainan province. Both cases illustrate the difficulties in sustaining administrative reform. Discarded public administrative functions tend to re-emerge, displaced bureaucrats will seek to return to their former position and the Party is reluctant to allow the creation of better public administration at the expense of Party control.
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Świderski, Krzysztof. "Biurokratyczne załatwianie spraw." Studia Prawa Publicznego, no. 1(33) (March 15, 2021): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/spp.2021.1.33.2.
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The article presents the issue of a bureaucratic disposal of matters by public administration authorities. The letter of dissatisfaction was introduced into Polish law as early as 1950. It was an expression of a negative attitude towards red tape. The prohibition of a bureaucratic disposal of matters is a guideline for the entire public sector. Bureaucracy is the negative behavior of officials: learned helplessness, routine, prejudices against applicants, assurance, conformism, and excessive formalism. The legislator’s pejorative assessment does not refer to bureaucracy itself, but to red tape as a dysfunction of bureaucracy. Red tape is the result of organizational culture. The article presents the model of Weberian bureaucracy and a critique of it. The provisions obliging officials to act in an fair, impartial, reasonable and proper manner are discussed, and the example is given of proper, open, efficient and independent European Union administration. The tool that determines bureaucracy is the document. The creation of excessive amounts of documents, as a manifestation of bureaucracy (red tape), is closely related to the development of office techniques. However, the development of information technology and the dissemination of electronic communication channels have changed the face of bureaucracy. The direct contact between an official with an applicant is changing into screen-level bureaucracy, with the claimant’s application being handled by the IT system. The official’s discretionary power has Hus been significantly reduced. The development of e-administration eliminates inappropriate actions of officials. However, a new type of bureaucracy is emerging by IT experts. Art. 227 of the Code of Administrative Proceedings can become a protective measure against theformalism of e-government.
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Naim, Sayada Jannatun, and Abu Hena Reza Hasan. "Concentration of Authority and Rent Seeking Behaviour in Bureaucracy: An Evidence of Ineffective Governance in Bangladesh." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 9, no. 1 (April 19, 2018): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v9i1.2165.
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Political leadership and public administration run the government of Bangladesh. Political wing is short tenured under a democratic system, but the public administration is permanent. An administrative process in Bangladesh made bureaucracy most powerful in the country. It has accountability to none but has controlling authority on all components of state including political leadership. This absolute power gives unlimited opportunity to administrative bureaucracy and other parts of the public administration of the country for exercising rent seeking behaviour. This paper evaluates the experience of common people of the country who used to interact with public administration for receiving public services using primary data collected through a field survey. The level of rent seeking is very high in public administration. The four major types of rent seeking behaviour among public officials are bribe, nepotism, and favouritism, use of official power to mischief common people and negligence to official duties and responsibilities. People used to suffer from rent seeking behaviour uniformly irrespective of their level of income and educational status. The root of rent seeking is the administrative bureaucracy. People face financial loss, delays in getting services from officials. It is necessary to reduce absolute power of public bureaucracy to control rent seeking of public administration.
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Mousavi, Mohammad. "The Autonomous State in Iran: Mobility and Prosperity in the Reign of Shah 'Abbas the Great (1587-1629)." Iran and the Caucasus 12, no. 1 (2008): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338408x326172.
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AbstractAmong the Safavid Shahs, 'Abbas I (1587-1629), was the chief architect of the modern Iranian state. He consolidated the state by securing the borders, establishing a central administration and bureaucracy, fortifying the economy and creating a standing army responsible not to the tribal heads but to the king as the head of the state. He turned the kingdom into a cohesive and stable monarchy. The state, with the Shah on top, using the new bureaucracy and the coercive force, reached a level of autonomy in which it was fortified by a direct access to financial resources. While bureaucracy was an instrument for regime enhancement and control, the army played the crucial role of system maintenance and was the guarantor of the Safavid rule. To achieve this objective, the state used: 1) social mobility of displacing the Qizilbash element, in favour of Caucasians, Persians and ordinaries; 2) land ownership mobility through transferring toyūls to crown estate; and 3) financial mobility.
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Huskey, Eugene. "Vyshinskii, Krylenko, and the Shaping of the Soviet Legal Order." Slavic Review 46, no. 3-4 (1987): 414–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2498095.
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Students of the Soviet Union have been reassessing the rise of Stalinism in the 1930s. By shifting the focus of research from high politics to the constituent parts of the political and social system, recent scholarship has exposed the confusion and conflicts that plagued the nascent Soviet bureaucracy as it struggled to put down roots in the country and to satisfy the enormous demands placed upon it by the center and periphery. This research has brought new recognition of the extent to which the political leadership in the 1930s was bedeviled by local resistance to central directives, by poor communication and inadequate staffing in the bureaucracy, and by the low “cultural level” of those asked to implement policy.
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Thahier, Rohana. "Strategy To Improve Competence Of Public Service Officials In The West Sulawesi Province, Indonesia." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 3, no. 2 (July 10, 2013): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v3i2.3827.
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The high level of public complaints against bureaucracy shows that on the one hand the quality of bureaucratic service has, in public opinion, been found wanting. At the same time, public awareness has continued to grow, with consumers demanding they have rights to receive high quality service (Dwiyanto, 2002). The quality of public service is lacking. Often bribes are required, services are not guaranteed, and procedures are over-complicated. The perceptions of the public human resource sector are various: Professionalism is lacking, corruption, collusion and nepotism run rampant, wages are insufficient, service to the public is over-complicated, relationships are based on a patrion-client system, there is lack of creativity and innovation, not to mention other potential negative perceptions which essentially show that this system is still weak in Indonesia. All this motivates us to reform the public human resources sector of Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi (Reformation of Bureaucracy).
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Hersant, Jeanne. "Patronage and Rationalization: Reform to Criminal Procedure and the Lower Courts in Chile." Law & Social Inquiry 42, no. 02 (2017): 423–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12272.
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This article analyzes how the lower criminal courts in Chile transitioned from an inquisitorial to an adversarial justice system between 2000 and 2005 as part of the Criminal Procedure Reform. Drawing on the frame analysis of the street-level bureaucracy and judicial ethnography, I examine the transition between two different types of judicial bureaucracy from the perspective of the actors who implemented the reform. The study is based on in-depth interviews with officials and judges of both inquisitorial and adversarial courts, administrative managers of the new courts, and actors who designed the administrative reorganization of lower criminal courts. The study involved a three-month, weekly observation in an inquisitorial court in Santiago de Chile. The article emphasizes the specificity of the Chilean judiciary, where both inquisitorial and adversarial criminal courts still coexist.
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Makbere, U. J. "Max Weber’s Bureaucracy and Job Performance in Bayelsa State Civil Service, Nigeria (from 1999-2018)." Business Ethics and Leadership 3, no. 4 (2019): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/bel.3(4).49-65.2019.
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The article is devoted to the study of the influence of bureaucracy on job performance. The main purpose of the research is to assess the place of bureaucracy in the company’s management system and to identify factors that reduce the quality of work. Systematization of literary sources and approaches to solving the problem of inefficient work of state authorities showed a low level of research on these issues, a high level of bureaucracy in the country, and significant shortcomings in the personnel management policy. The survey research design was employed in the study, and questionnaires served as the major instrument of data collection. Two theories were adopted – Max Weber’s bureaucratic theory and Fredrick Herzberg two-factor theory of motivation. Methodological tools of the study were the analytical method, the method of logical generalization and synthesis, the survey method, the period of the study was 1999-2018. The subject of the study was the Bayelsa State Civil Service, Nigeria. The data were from the Ministries (Mainstream) Departments, Extra-ministerial Departments, and Agencies. Findings reveal that job performance begets productivity as a result of motivation. That lack of training also hampers job performance. Again, that in the eyes of strict rules and regulations without compliance which results in punishment can also slow down the performance of work, and that, negative attitude of workers can tilt their behavior against job performance. Upon these, the study recommends that civil service rules and regulations should be made flexible, workers should be motivated and incorporated into decision-making process and employees should be given special training that will help enhance their job performance and finally, workers need to be recognized whenever they exhibit excellence in the discharge of the duties. Keywords: bureaucracy, job performance, efficiency, and effectiveness.
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Labolo, Muhadam, and Etin Indrayani. "Bureaucratic Reform and The Challange of Good Governance Implementation in Indonesia." International Journal of Kybernology 3, no. 2 (July 26, 2019): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33701/ijok.v3i2.591.
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Bureaucratic reformation is the fundamental structuring efforts are expected to havean impact on changing systems and structures. The system deals with the relationshipbetween the unsure or the element that influence each other and are associated to makea form totally. The change in one element can influence the other elements in the system.The structure relates with the order of who arrayed a regular basis and systematically.Structure changes is also included with the mechanism and procedure, human resources,facilities and infrastructure, organization and organization’s environment in terms of theachievement of the efficiency of government bureaucracy. These changes include allowingall of the aspects of the bureaucracy has sufficient capacity to carry out the duties and thebasic function. Bureaucratic failure in a term for service the public until now representpoor government both at central and local government level. The urgency of bureaucraticreform in Indonesia is driven by a number of important note. First, the increased apparatusexpenditure is caused by increased of apparatus recruitment without unmeasured control.Second, the ballooning cost of democracy (election) affected the floated of local governmentbudget have increased significantly. The magnitude of the election budget and the impact ongovernmental bureaucracy resulted not ready to close the budget deficit. More than thesebureaucracy has loyalty dilemma caused by dispersed of concentration in every election’sactivity. Third, increased of develop the bureaucratic organization without planning andanalysis of the measured trigger financing and recruitment of apparatus that not less. Asa result, the bureaucracy in most areas are overload, or even lack in outside of Java. Inother side, less of local incomes make dependence to central government, while the localgovernment expenditure is to far from efficiency, even tend to be less controlled due to thehigh cost of the organization. Fourth, extensive corrupt behavior in almost all public sectorbureaucracy encourages lose confidence as a public servant.Keywords: Bureaucratic Reformation, bureaucracy design, local government, GoodGovernance
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Aras, Bülent, and Emirhan Yorulmazlar. "State, institutions and reform in Turkey after July 15." New Perspectives on Turkey 59 (November 2018): 135–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/npt.2018.23.
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AbstractThe failed coup of July 15 has shocked the current state apparatus in Turkey. This shock has culminated in the public demand for administrative reform, which would make previous public designs and policy failures a matter of the past. The state crisis has transpired in the middle of a political transition process whereby the ruling party envisioned systemic change in the political system from the parliamentary to a presidential system. The constitutional amendments also imply changes in the administrative order, with further political hold on bureaucratic cadres. The coup attempt and the massive purges in its aftermath brought the state to its breaking point. In light of such deficits and challenges, this paper discusses the ways, means, and prospects for capacity development and institution-building to overcome the state crisis in Turkey. The reform and restructuring process entails cooperation and a level of understanding between the government, opposition, and bureaucracy. Polarization and disenfranchisement are recipes for further fragmentation in Turkish politics. A cooperative model based on a working relationship between the government, opposition, and bureaucracy would facilitate a return to normalcy.
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Saputra, Didin Hadi, Lalu Putra Muhlis, Mikyarul Ilmy, Agus Suparno, M. Nasuhi, and Mufidah Mufidah. "Implementation of Good Governance and Clean Governance Towards an Effective and Dignity Bureaucracy." PINISI Discretion Review 4, no. 2 (June 19, 2021): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/pdr.v4i2.21491.
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Government governance that will lead to a good level must be continuously promoted and advertised. This campaign must be continuously carried out in order to create a clean and authoritative government and produce dignified officials. The implementation of good govenance is one of the best concepts of offering a system in democracy. The purpose of this research is to find out how the implementation of good services carried out by the state civil apparatus (ASN) in order to create a clean, dignified and good government. The method used in this research is a deft interview, namely in-depth research or qualitative research. Large organizations that run a bureaucratic system will usually have strict procedures, regulations and rules so that their operational processes tend to be less flexible. Today's bureaucracy is found in government organizations, hospitals, companies, schools, and the military.
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Good, Kenneth. "Corruption and Mismanagement in Botswana: a Best-Case Example?" Journal of Modern African Studies 32, no. 3 (September 1994): 499–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00015202.
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Independent Botswana has developed on three main pillars: rapid and sustained economic growth (over the decade to 1992, for example, at 8.4 per cent a year, third-highest among all developing countries, and far in excess of any other in Africa); multi-party or liberal democracy; and an efficient central state, the main features of which have been identified and praised by observers. With growth, an accompanying build-up of a relatively strong governmental system took place, with activities especially focused on finance and planning. The civil service was maintained at a high level, according to Ravi Gulhati, by avoiding rapid localisation, by providing high compensation for officials, and by keeping well-defined lines of authority and accountability. Able people were placed in key positions and kept there for extended periods. The political elite fairly consistently sought expert advice from leading bureaucrats, and the two groups have displayed a closeness and mutuality of interest built upon their common involvement in cattle and commerce, and the not uncommon tendency for cabinet ministers to arise from the ranks of the senior bureaucracy.
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Oi, Jean C. "Communism and Clientelism: Rural Politics in China." World Politics 37, no. 2 (January 1985): 238–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2010144.
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Despite its widespread currency in political science, the concept of clientelism has rarely found its way into the literature on communist systems. Students of communist politics regularly note the importance of personal ties, and many recognize the significance of informal bonds in economic and political spheres atalllevels of society. Some even apply the term “clientelism” to the political behavior they describe. Yet these studies are generally limited to elite-level politics, to factionalism, career mobility, recruitment patterns, and attainment of office at the top- to middle-level echelons of the bureaucracy.2Few have considered clientelism as a type of elite-mass linkage through which the state and the party exercise control at the local level, and through which individuals participate in the political system.
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Nishimura, Adriana Z. F. C., Ana Moreira, Maria José Sousa, and Manuel Au-Yong-Oliveira. "Weaknesses in Motivation and in Establishing a Meritocratic System: A Portrait of the Portuguese Public Administration." Administrative Sciences 11, no. 3 (August 24, 2021): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci11030087.
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The complexities of Public Administration have gained the growing attention of scholars around the world, mainly due to the impacts of the reforms implemented under the doctrine of New Public Management (which aims to apply concepts and practices of private management in public management) on civil servants. The aim of this study is to find out how Portuguese citizens evaluate the Portuguese Public Administration under the aspects of bureaucracy, organisation of human resources, innovation, skills and attitudes of civil servants, its motivation and recognition; and to verify if there are differences of opinion between respondents working in public sector and respondents from other sectors. This study follows a quali-quantitative approach, and data were collected through an online survey in the period from June to December 2020. The survey was answered by 1119 citizens from all districts of Portugal. The main findings reveal a still high level of bureaucracy in the Portuguese Public Administration; weaknesses in the management of human resources, namely regarding the motivation and recognition of civil servants; and difficulties in the establishment of a meritocratic system of recruitment and performance evaluation of civil servants. Statistically significant evaluation differences (chi-square test and non-parametric Mann–Whitney U tests, involving five hypotheses) were found between the public sector and other sectors, except for the motivation variable.
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Ramli, Supian, and Lagut Bakaruddin. "PERUBAHAN BIROKRASI PEMERINTAHAN DAERAH KEWEDANAAN RAWAS 1943-1950." Moderasi: Jurnal Studi Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial 1, no. 2 (January 5, 2021): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24239/moderasi.vol1.iss2.29.
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During the Japanese government, the bureaucracy during the Dutch East Indies government was still carried out, but only the name changed. Rawas, which is an Ondeer Afdeelig area, has changed its status to Gun Rawas, but in the near future the Japanese government will form a district level area, namely Musi Ulu Rawas. This study uses a historical method which consists of several stages such as Heuristics, Criticism, Interpretation and Historiography. The results of this study can describe the changes in the local government system of Rawas and eventually it became Musi Ulu Rawas Regency in its development into Musi Rawas Regency.
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Tsai, Wen-Hsuan, and Xingmiu Liao. "Mobilizing cadre incentives in policy implementation: Poverty alleviation in a Chinese county." China Information 34, no. 1 (December 10, 2019): 45–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0920203x19887787.
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This article discusses the ways in which the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) mobilizes local governments to implement policies set by higher-level governments. Using the concept of ‘institutionalized mobilization’, we discuss poverty alleviation in H county. We identify three key mechanisms: the cross-system leading group, cross-level personnel/financial management, and pairing-up. These mechanisms involve both the adjustment of tiao tiao (条条) and kuai kuai (块块) relationships within the bureaucracy and the strengthening of state–society relations. We also point out the many problems resulting from this mode of institutionalized mobilization. Finally, we compare the political and geographical conditions in H county with those in two other counties – E and K – to ascertain whether the results of poverty alleviation are sustainable.
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Triana, Nita. "MEMBANGUN PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DI ERA OTONOMI DAERAH (STUDI KRITIS PARTISIPASI ULAMA DALAM PENYUSUNAN PERATURAN DAERAH DI KABUPATEN BANYUMAS)." Jurnal Penelitian Agama 14, no. 1 (April 23, 2020): 101–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/jpa.v14i1.2013.pp101-128.
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This study was aimed at explaining comprehensively the social participation, especially from religious leader or Ulama in composing District Rules (Perda) on Traditions. This is a nondoctrinal study with a qualitative method. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and document studies with sociolegal approach. Data were analyzed using interactive cycles of Strauss and J Corbin. The result showed that: the participation of religious leaders (Ulama) in composing Perda was at the level of tokenism, meaning that it seemed they had a participation in the activity, but it was not a real participation. They were invited to at the dicussion on development planning and socialization of the Perda. The problem related to the application of this system of participation was that the government bureaucracy was still not transparent and participative. Culturally, there was a patron-client tradition, i.e. the government was the patron or designer that determined the pattern, while the society realized what had been patronized by the government. It is necessary to build a responsive and participative law of bureaucracy both from the government and ulama. It can be realized if there is a continuous communication between the government and ulama.
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Burak, Emil, and Juraj Nemec. "Main Factors Determining the Slovak Tax System Performance." NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 185–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nispa-2016-0019.
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Abstract The main goal of this paper was to identify the main factors determining the performance of the Slovak tax system. For practical reasons, we decided to deal with all of the potentially relevant dimensions that can be included in the theme – from tax policy to tax administration. The paper is based on primary and secondary data; it combines qualitative and quantitative research methods. The primary data were collected in two rounds, with long-term research about the needs perceived by tax officials and with the “Delphi method”. The comparison of the opinions of tax officials and tax experts with the existing evidence serves as the basis for the paper’s conclusions and policy proposals. The research shows that the most important areas mentioned by tax officials and experts are relevant (to simplify tax collection, to decrease tax bureaucracy, to provide better information about the tax system to businesses and citizens and to improve tax administration services). However, the second most frequent answer by tax officials (to decrease the tax burden) is somewhat disputable – the research indicates the existence of some level of tax illusion, even at the level of tax administration professionals. The research also reveals the relatively low priority given to the need to increase the level of risk connected with tax evasion, which is surprising because the data clearly indicate a very high level of tax fraud in the country.
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Putera, Roni Ekha, Tengku Rika Valentina, and Rifki Dermawan. "Membangun Nagari Talang Anau melalui Penguatan Kapasitas Aparatur Pemerintahan Nagari." Jurnal Warta Pengabdian Andalas 28, no. 1 (March 23, 2021): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jwa.28.1.44-50.2021.
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Governance has become an interesting field of study in public administration. The shifting of authority from central government to local government and even to village level becomes a challenge as well as an opportunity for bureaucrats to provide community services. It justifies why understanding of ideal and relevant governance is needed to solve current problems. As a bureaucracy aiming to serve the community, Nagari is expected to be able fulfilling the society’s needs. Based on this condition, this initiative was conducted in Nagari Talang Anau, Kecamatan Gunuang Omeh, 50 Kota Regency, West Sumatera Province to solve the problems of limited understanding of local government employees regarding state administration (government). To achieve this goal, the program began by contacting and making confirmation with Wali Nagari and then followed by training and socialization regarding state administration system (government), public policy formulation in Nagari, and community services. The result indicated that there were several problems in Nagari Talang Anau administration, such as limited access to information and technology sector, lack of programs by Lembaga Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LPM) and insufficient human resources. Based on these problems, the authors and the team members suggested that Nagari administration should focus more on the issue of improving the quality of human resources.
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Ha, Dong yeop, and Kapsung Kim. "An Analysis on Policy Implementation Process of Teachers in charge of Free-Semester System in Special School through Lipsky’s Street-Level Bureaucracy Model." Korean Educational Administration Society 36, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 225–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22553/keas.2018.36.1.225.
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Atmojo, Muhammad Eko. "ANALISIS PROSES PROMOSI JABATAN APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA Studi Kasus: Proses Promosi Jabatan Stuktural Eselon II di Pemerintah Daerah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Tahun 2014." ARISTO 4, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.24269/aristo.iv/2.2016.9.
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Government implementation system should support by apparatus resources with professional competence. Think to create the good governance system as well as clean and good then need the resources of the competent apparatus. To creating the resources of the competent apparatus needs to reforming the bureaucracy in civil service sectoral. Government should give the special attention toward the civil service system in Indonesia. Especially in regeneration of structural functionary or functionary promote. The government of Yogyakarta Special Region had been used the different method to implementation the functionary promotion, such as used a few level with between administration selection, assessment center, and fit and proper test. The method had been used by the government of Yogyakarta Special Region with prospect it can be created the resources of the competent apparatus by professional, with the result that created the good governance and good public service.
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Atmojo, Muhammad Eko. "ANALISIS PROSES PROMOSI JABATAN APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA Studi Kasus: Proses Promosi Jabatan Stuktural Eselon II di Pemerintah Daerah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Tahun 2014." ARISTO 4, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.24269/ars.v4i2.425.
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Government implementation system should support by apparatus resources with professional competence. Think to create the good governance system as well as clean and good then need the resources of the competent apparatus. To creating the resources of the competent apparatus needs to reforming the bureaucracy in civil service sectoral. Government should give the special attention toward the civil service system in Indonesia. Especially in regeneration of structural functionary or functionary promote. The government of Yogyakarta Special Region had been used the different method to implementation the functionary promotion, such as used a few level with between administration selection, assessment center, and fit and proper test. The method had been used by the government of Yogyakarta Special Region with prospect it can be created the resources of the competent apparatus by professional, with the result that created the good governance and good public service.
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Maryesa, Leny, Anggraini Sukmawati, and Hari Wijayanto. "Analisis Peran Remunerasi dan Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Kompetensi Pegawai Guna Meningkatkan Kinerja Pegawai di Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional." MANAJEMEN IKM: Jurnal Manajemen Pengembangan Industri Kecil Menengah 11, no. 2 (February 25, 2017): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/mikm.11.2.159-172.
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Ideally the performance of a Government employees (PNS) aretheir service to the community in living and meeting their daily needs. The final goal of the PNS none other than to improve the welfare of society. Government Remuneration is an integral part of bureaucratic reform policy. Base on the bureaucracy awareness and also the government commitment to create a clean and good governmance. The purpose of bureaucratic reformation is to build a public trust (public trust building) and eliminate the negative image of government bureaucracy. The bureaucratic reformation vision is the establishment of the State apparatus professional and good governance. The mission is to change the pattern of bureaucratic reform mindset, cultural set, and the system of governance. Implementation of remuneration applied at LAPAN on July 2013 granted in accordance with the competences of the employees, work performance of the employees, and work discipline. The objective of this analysis is to analyze the relationship with remuneration and organizational culture, and the influence of remuneration to the employee competencies, organizational culture on employee competencies, employee competence to employee performance, remuneration to employee performance and the influence of organizational culture on employee performance. Analysis of the data used in this research is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of Study in simultaneously and partially are known to constructs remuneration, organizational culture, and employee competence positive effect on the performance of employees at every level positions and there is a correlation relationship between Construct Remunerasi and Cultural Organization to all employees and the level of structural positions and Special and strong correlation relationships at the level of the General Functional
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Adnan, M. Fachri. "REFORMASI BIROKRASI PEMERINTAHAN DAERAH DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN PELAYANAN PUBLIK." Humanus 12, no. 2 (December 9, 2014): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jh.v12i2.4038.
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AbstractThis article discusses the importance of bureaucratic reform in order to improve public services in local government. There are several issues facing local governmentbureaucracy so that the bureaucracy has not been able to improve public services inlocal government including 1). Organizational structure and working procedures arenot efficient 2) community participation is still low, 3) transparency is not running, 4)the mechanism of action and tasks that is overlap 5) politicization of civil servants arestill symptomatic, 6) career system is not healty, 7) the bureaucratic apparatus are notwilling to respon the changing demands. So that, to solve the problems the localgovernment bureaucracy, should be reform which refers to the bureaucratic reformpolicy as outlined in the Grand Design bureaucratic reform at national level. In orde toprovide public services to community the local government has to have a minimumservice standards that are clear and measurable, and can be accessed quickly and easilyby the community. Key words: Bureaucracy, Reformation, Regional Government, Public Services AbstrakArtikel ini membahas tentang pentingnya reformasi birokrasi dalam rangka meningkatkan pelayanan publik di pemerintah daerah. Ada beberapa masalah yangdihadapi birokrasi pemerintah daerah sehingga birokrasi belum mampu meningkatkanpelayanan publik secara maksimal, diantaranya; 1 ) Struktur organisasi dan tata kerjayang tidak efisien, 2 ) partisipasi masyarakat masih rendah, 3 ) transparansi tidakberjalan, 4 ) mekanisme kerja dan tugas-tugas yang tumpang tindih 5 ) politisasipegawai negeri sipil masih gejala, 6 ) sistem karir tidak healty, 7 ) aparat birokrasi tidakbersedia respon tuntutan perubahan. Sehingga, untuk memecahkan masalah birokrasipemerintah daerah, harus dilakukan reformasi yang mengacu pada kebijakan reformasibirokrasi yang dituangkan Grand Design reformasi birokrasi yang ditetapkan padatingkat nasional. Dalam upaya memberikan pelayanan publik kepada masyarakatpemerintah daerah harus memiliki standar pelayanan minimum yang jelas dan terukur,dan dapat diakses dengan cepat dan mudah oleh masyarakat. Masyarakat juga dapatdapat menilai kualitas yang diberikan dengan menggunakan indek kepuasanmasyarakat. Kata kunci: Birokrasi, reformasi, pemerintahan daerah, pelayanan publik
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Myung, Joo-Young. "Analysis on the Execution Process of the Policy on the Academic Interruption Consideration System in Chungbuk Province: Focusing on Lipsky’s Street-Level Bureaucracy Model." Korea Society Of The Politics Of Education 28, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52183/kspe.2021.28.1.1.
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Bullock, Justin, Matthew M. Young, and Yi-Fan Wang. "Artificial intelligence, bureaucratic form, and discretion in public service." Information Polity 25, no. 4 (December 4, 2020): 491–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ip-200223.
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This article examines the relationship between Artificial Intelligence (AI), discretion, and bureaucratic form in public organizations. We ask: How is the use of AI both changing and changed by the bureaucratic form of public organizations, and what effect does this have on the use of discretion? The diffusion of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has changed administrative behavior in public organizations. Recent advances in AI have led to its increasing use, but too little is known about the relationship between this distinct form of ICT and to both the exercise of discretion and bureaucratic form along the continuum from street- to system-levels. We articulate a theoretical framework that integrates work on the unique effects of AI on discretion and its relationship to task and organizational context with the theory of system-level bureaucracy. We use this framework to examine two strongly differing cases of public sector AI use: health insurance auditing, and policing. We find AI’s effect on discretion is nonlinear and nonmonotonic as a function of bureaucratic form. At the same time, the use of AI may act as an accelerant in transitioning organizations from street- and screen-level to system-level bureaucracies, even if these organizations previously resisted such changes.
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Shubham, Shubham, Shashank Mittal, and Atri Sengupta. "Transformation of public distribution system in Chhattisgarh: Dr Raman Singh’s leadership." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 8, no. 2 (May 24, 2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-02-2017-0024.
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Subject area Organizational behavior, Organizational leadership, Organizational transformation. Study level/applicability First year management students in the course Organizational Behavior (OB). Final year management students in the elective course on leadership and change management. Middle level managers who are working in industry, in the management development program related to change leadership and change management. Case overview This case deals with the transformation of the public distribution system (PDS) under the leadership of Dr Raman Singh. The PDS system was an inefficient system and the food grain supply intended for the poor was diverted by intermediaries before reaching the intended beneficiaries. Having experiences in central government ministries as a cabinet minister, Dr Raman Singh decided to transform the PDS. The challenges faced were primarily from that of the reticent bureaucracy and dealing with them requires patience and the skills of a transformational and motivational leader which Dr Raman Singh possessed. Expected learning outcomes This case intends to develop understanding of various dimensions related to transformational and motivational styles of leadership. Further, it intends to develop understanding of crucial institutional and organizational changes and how leaders bring about these changes in sync with technological and process changes. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS: 6: Human Resource Management.
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Albalushi, Ahmed, Ashraf Zaidan, Fakhrul Adabi Bin Abdul Khadir, and Muhammed Bin Yusof. "Competency Management in the Context of Omani Civil Service Reform & Development." International Business Research 12, no. 4 (March 20, 2019): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v12n4p76.
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This paper aims to discuss the extent of the application-based management efficiency in the Sultanate of Oman Civil Service, by comparison with the practices and experiences of five systems of the civil service or the public in each of the (United States of America, Canada, South Korea, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates). Several variables and address are necessary to achieve reform and development in the civil service such as the situation organizational and strategic system competencies, selection and appointment and based on efficiency, performance evaluation based on efficiency as one of the main functions of human resources management in the public sector, and the framework or efficiency model. In order to become a civil service in Amman of the best practices in the efficient management system at the regional and international level, providing more than ten developmental proposals paper to raise the level of the civil service, because the competency's management of important topics in the development of civil service performance, seen as a tool to shift from the traditional bureaucracy to modern organizations.
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Bosra, Mustari. "Otoritas dan Gerakan Keagamaan Daengguru: Studi Sejarah Islamisasi di Sulawesi Selatan." FALASIFA : Jurnal Studi Keislaman 11, no. 2 (October 22, 2020): 67–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.36835/falasifa.v11i2.371.
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This paper is about the Islamization movement of the kingdoms in South Sulawesi, sointegrated sara 'is into a social institution called pangadereng (Bugis) angadakkang (Makassar). To ensure the upholding of Islamic law, which has been integrated into the social system, a religious bureaucracy (Islam) known aswas formed sara '. The royal bureaucratic officials who handle this institution, from the central level to the village or village level are called parewa sara ', which in this study uses the term daengguru. This integration pattern was developed in almost all Islamic kingdoms in South Sulawesi. Adat has its own field and sharia controls its own field. One another should not disturb each other. When the King of Bone La Maddarremmeng was about to confront Islam and customs, he was opposed by all parties. When Arung Matowa Wajo declared a strong Islamization, he was also evicted from his position.
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Struthers, James. "Regulating the Elderly: Old Age Pensions and the Formation of a Pension Bureaucracy in Ontario, 1929-1945." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 3, no. 1 (February 9, 2006): 235–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031051ar.
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Abstract This article examines the emergence of means-tested old age pensions in Ontario in the context of the Great Depression and World War II. Ontario's old age pension scheme, it argues, was launched in 1929 with weak political commitment, little bureaucratic-preparation, and an almost complete absence of administrative experience at the provincial and municipal level in assessing and responding to need on a mass scale. The article examines the complex interplay among federal, provincial, and local government authorities in the politics of pension administration throughout the 1929-1945 era, arguing that local control of pension decision-making in the early years of the Depression provided two divergent models of pension entitlement both as charity and as an earned social right. After 1933 governments at both the provincial and federal level centralized decision-making over pension administration in order to standardize and restrict pension entitlement, contain its rapidly rising costs, and enforce more efficiently the concept of parental maintenance upon children. World War II undermined the concept of pensions as charity by broadly expanding the boundaries of entitlement both for the elderly and their children. By 1945 means-tested pensions had few supporters within or outside of government, laying the basis for the emergence of a universal system of old age security in 1951.
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Rădulescu, Carmen Valentina, Dumitru Alexandru Bodislav, and Diana Mihaela Negescu Oancea. "Increasing the Efficiency of the Fiscal System – a Parallel between Poland and Romania." SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 08016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219208016.
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Research background: This paper presents an overview and a fundamental analysis of the fiscal system in Romania and how it should be, also by showing one of the European champions on fiscal efficiency, the Polish system. Although we are talking about the 21st century, about evolution, economic, financial and fiscal sustainability, the Romanian tax system has been intensely blamed for its inefficiency, outdated procedures and last but not least the excessive bureaucracy. This topic was intensely discussed and debated both by the competent authorities who tried to identify the deepest issues and by the specialized press representing a great interest for both natural and legal taxpayers. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this paper is to identify the challenges, limits and solutions so that the Romanian tax system can become efficient and implicit, a model to follow for success. The paper shows how the Romanian fiscal system works and how taxes add to the degree of economic growth and what are the limits of actual system. Methods: The paper evaluates the actual literature, its conceptual limits, the classification and how it should be at technical level. Findings & Value added: The research will highlight the harmonization of the Romanian fiscal system with the European Union’s one and especially with one of its champions, Poland.
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Mandel, David. "La crise du socialisme réellement existant." Études internationales 13, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 283–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/701351ar.
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The Soviet Union and its East European glacis are experiencing their second major wave of crisis since the death of Stalin. But unlike the "de-stalinization" crisis of the second half of the 1950s, which was largely political and was overcome through a combination of repression and reform that left the system basically intact, the present crisis cannot be weathered so easily and threatens to usher in a period of political upheaval, as it has already in Poland and, to some extent, in Romania. On the most obvious level, the crisis manifests itself in the constant decline of the economic growth rate since the late 1950s, which has put an end to the slow but steady rise in living standards, the basis upon which the tacit post-Stalin accord between the bureaucracy and society was founded. The roots of this crisis are deeply structural, but structural reforms, in particular the introduction of the « regulated market mechanism », which appears to be the nly viable alternative open to the bureaucracy, will meet with strong opposition from important sectors of that elite, especially the provincial party bosses, and threaten to create a split in its ranks. At the same time, such a reform is politically unfeasible without important concessions to the working class in the direction of democratization or, at the least, the right to organize into independent trade unions to protect itself against management, whose powers would be greatly enhanced by the reform. But such concessions to the working class, as Poland shows, are perceived by the bureaucracy as a threat to its very existence. At the same time, the working class today is potentially a much more formidable political force than at any time since the civil war. The leadership is, therefore, in a dilemma. The 1980s are likely to see the explosive combination of a simultaneous crisis "as the top" and "at the bottom".
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Bhandari, Rameshwor, and Junu Paudel. "Public Trust and Confidence towards Judiciary of Nepal: A Study based on Nepal National Governance Survey 2017/18." Journal of Governance and Development (JGD), Number 2 (December 31, 2020): 85–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jgd2020.16.2.5.
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Citizens’trust and confidence occupy central place in democratic governance. They are more vital in public organizations. The level of trust and confidence of the people towards any institution shows the performance level of that organization. This paper tries to look at the level of trust and confidence towards the court system (judiciary) in Nepal. In order to analyze the level of trust and confidence level, this paper has used the data base of Nepal National Governance Survey, 2017/18 conducted by Nepal Administrative Staff College (NASC) in a sample size of 12,872 individuals across 43 districts (out of 77) of Nepal. The study uses simply descriptive method of data presentation. The study finds that the level of trust and confidence of the people towards courts in Nepal is quite satisfactory. It also reveals that level of honesty is comparatively better for courts in comparison to civil service and bureaucracy, NGOs and political parties. Though there is slight difference in the perception of respondents from different demographic groups and regions on the issue of trust and confidence, no significant difference is marked among these groups. However, it is evident that courts need to make their services better, respond the clients properly, give impartial judgment, and curtail corruption in order to have more public trust and confidence.
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Covell, Caroline. "Sustainable Development for Public Administration: Effective Management Administrative System of the 21st CenturyPublic Administration." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 6, no. 2 (April 24, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v6i2.9368.
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Reinventing the government was big in the early 1980s; post media presentation that echoed how inefficient the government has been. Ever since, the government went through different reorganization processes through the application of different modern management theories, endorsed by the politicians, such as the Hawthorne theory, the Gantt Theory, Mintzberg Management Theory, Theory X and Y, and the Agency Theory – all promise efficient government. They were implemented as a trial and error – one fails try another. This management system separates the top management and bottom level management, known also as an operational management. This system was introduced in a fanfare but it represents a hollow system. Overtime, all these modern management theories, which Ghoshal argued as bad theories, have destroyed good management practice of a public institution. Its management and administrative system are broken, the institution becomes very dysfunctional, and it causes a badly divided government. This damaged system makes it easy for theft, fraud, corruption, bribery, grafts, sabotage, espionage, and all kinds of illegal practices. At the same time, the change causes the used to be a professional public institution to become an amateur corporation that is individually managed, personally ruled, and undemocratic governance.Leadership does not exist in this system, neither does the middle level management, and it also suffers from severe democratic deficits. This paper discusses the theoretical foundation of the bureaucracy and its analysis, andusing holistic and phenomenological approaches, this theory can be applied in the management administrative system of government, and this dysfunctionality and the broken system can be remedied practically.
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Ito, Nobuiuki Costa, and Leandro Simões Pongeluppe. "O surto da COVID-19 e as respostas da administração municipal: munificência de recursos, vulnerabilidade social e eficácia de ações públicas." Revista de Administração Pública 54, no. 4 (August 2020): 782–838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-761220200249.
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Abstract Facing the unprecedented situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, public officials at the municipality-level have no clear benchmarks or tested policies. In this situation, decision-making becomes a controversial process. This article provides insights for public agents in the Brazilian municipalities to deal with the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed the actions taken by city halls of the 52 Brazilian municipalities at least thirty days since the first confirmed case of COVID-19. We used a fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to identify the combinations of contextual factors and public actions that reduced COVID-19 transmission during the critical initial stage. The empirical results show three main paths to guide policy-making: (1) a plural collaboration path involving public and private sectors, operating in a fragile health system; (2) a public action path providing aid programs through intense collaboration inside public bureaucracy; and (3) a resource-based path relying on a well-structured health system.
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Ito, Nobuiuki Costa, and Leandro Simões Pongeluppe. "The COVID-19 outbreak and the municipal administration responses: resource munificence, social vulnerability, and the effectiveness of public actions." Revista de Administração Pública 54, no. 4 (August 2020): 782–838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-761220200249x.
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Abstract Facing the unprecedented situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, public officials at the municipality-level have no clear benchmarks or tested policies. In this situation, decision-making becomes a controversial process. This article provides insights for public agents in the Brazilian municipalities to deal with the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed the actions taken by city halls of the 52 Brazilian municipalities at least thirty days since the first confirmed case of COVID-19. We used a fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to identify the combinations of contextual factors and public actions that reduced COVID-19 transmission during the critical initial stage. The empirical results show three main paths to guide policy-making: (1) a plural collaboration path involving public and private sectors, operating in a fragile health system; (2) a public action path providing aid programs through intense collaboration inside public bureaucracy; and (3) a resource-based path relying on a well-structured health system.
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Purwanto, Erwan Agus. "Smart City as an Upshot of Bureaucratic Reform in Indonesia." International Journal of Electronic Government Research 14, no. 3 (July 2018): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijegr.2018070103.
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The implementation of e-government in Indonesia is not only limited to efforts to improve the efficiency of bureaucracy, but also achieve more comprehensive goals of increased efficiency of entire communities with the ultimate objective to boost productivity and competitiveness in facing global challenges. At the local government level, efforts to enhance overall efficiency is implementing smart city program. This article proposes a smart city program implemented in several cities in Indonesia. The main questions are: Is the smart city program able to bring about change to the lives of Indonesian citizens? What are the problems encountered by municipalities in implementing the smart city program? The research found that smart city development in a number of municipalities was aimed at two main sectors, which were governance and public services. The governance sector covered planning, regional finance management, and personnel system.
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Zimmermann, Inga, Kerstin Rosenow-Williams, Katharina Behmer-Prinz, and Alina Bergedieck. "Refugee Protection Standards in Transition: Studying German NGOs and Public Administrations." Refugee Survey Quarterly 39, no. 1 (December 3, 2019): 76–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdz015.
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Abstract From 2014 to 2015, the number of asylum applications increased by 155 per cent in Germany, which has severely altered Germany’s refugee response system. This article analyses resulting local-level changes in the protection standards for refugees. It sheds light on the interplay between municipal and organisational actors in implementing protections concepts and measures for refugee accommodations. The study applies a neo-institutional research framework to explain organisational behaviour at the level of non-governmental organisations and public administration asking how the security needs of refugee women are met at the “street-level bureaucracy”. Through empirical fieldwork, it shows that in 2018, gender-specific protection standards were higher than before 2014 due to mechanisms of regulative, normative and mimetic isomorphism. The joint development of Minimum Standards for the Protection of Refugees and Migrants in Refugee Accommodation Centres in 2016 by the United Nations Children's Fund, the Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth and numerous non-governmental organisations has supported this process. The research combines current debates in refugee studies with theoretical concepts from organisational sociology, gender studies and policy research.
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Wang, Peng, and Xia Yan. "Bureaucratic Slack in China: The Anti-corruption Campaign and the Decline of Patronage Networks in Developing Local Economies." China Quarterly 243 (November 19, 2019): 611–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741019001504.
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AbstractThis article presents a qualitative empirical study of the impact of corruption and anti-corruption on the efficiency of China's bureaucratic system in developing a local economy. Drawing on 40 in-depth interviews and 98 days of participant observation, it first investigates the significance of extravagant position-related consumption in building personalized bureaucratic ties (patronage networks) and mobilizing resources for local economic development. It then examines the causal link between President Xi's campaign against corruption and extravagance and the rise of bureaucratic slack in local governments. The anti-extravagance campaign reduces the level of corruption in local government but it discourages local officials, who are motivated primarily by the desire to avoid risk and ensure political survival, from using banquets and gift-giving to build patronage networks, attract investment and mobilize development resources. The article concludes that corruption may contribute positively to the efficiency of a fragmented Chinese bureaucracy in fostering development at the local level, while the anti-corruption campaign compels local cadres to develop a new coping strategy – bureaucratic slack – for implementing policies and developing local economies.
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Pelkova, S. V., and T. A. Koltsova. "The current system of state support for small business in the Tyumen region." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 82, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 340–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2020-1-340-349.
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Researchers of measures of state support and regulation of small businesses in the Tyumen region. The legal basis of the mechanism of state support for small businesses in the region is represented by documents of the Federal and regional level. The infrastructure of state support for small business in the Tyumen region includes regional authorities, as well as organizations of a commercial and non-commercial nature, whose operation is aimed at promoting the implementation of small business development programs, providing assistance to small businesses and providing conditions for their creation and development. The main measures of state support in relation to small businesses include regional investment support, the region's guarantee investment Fund, providing loans, providing subsidies, microloans, and legal support for small businesses. The authors conducted a study of the system of state support for small businesses in the Tyumen region allows us to evaluate it as a fairly balanced and diverse set of measures and forms of assistance to small businesses. However, despite this, the current system of small business support needs further improvement. In this regard, the authors propose specific measures to improve state support for small businesses, which can be directly implemented in the practice of the Tyumen region, namely: the system of rating candidates for state support from the point of view of socio-economic impact of their activities designed to reduce the level of bureaucracy; the system of obtaining insider information about activity of subjects of small business, designed to increase the efficiency of the state support; the response of the system of state registers in order to exchange regional experience of measures of state support and prevention of abuses.
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Abdullah, Abdullah, Wang Qingshi, Muhammad Akbar Awan, and Junaid Ashraf. "The Impact of Political Risk and Institutions on Food Security." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 8, no. 3 (December 28, 2020): 924–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.8.3.21.
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The most challenging problem in today’s world is food insecurity, an estimated approximately 832 million people around the world suffer from a lack of adequate and healthy food on a regular basis for their life. This problem is likely to intensify around the world due to high political risk and weak institutions. Hence, this study utilizes the country-level data, covering 124 countries in Asia, Africa, Europe, Latin America, and the Caribbean between 1984-2018 to examine the impact of political risk and institutions on food security, proxied by Dietary energy supply (DES). We have finalized the System-GMM from Pooled-OLS, Fixed-effect, Difference-GMM, and System-GMM, to recover the potential endogeneity and unobserved heterogeneity of the independent variables. Our outcomes provide supportive evidence that internal and external conflicts, socioeconomic conditions, corruption, military in politics, religious tensions, ethnicity tensions, and poor quality of bureaucracy worsen food security in developed and developing countries. While government stability, the role of law and order, democratic accountability, and investment profile affect the food supply positively and significantly.
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Thirupathi, L. "DEMOCRATIC DECENTRALIZATION AND DEVOLUTION OF POWERS AT THE GRASSROOTS LEVEL DEMOCRACY: ISSUES CHALLENGES AND IMPLICATIONS." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 5 (May 31, 2021): 947–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12928.
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This article attempts to evaluate the Grassroots democracy and the problems which are associated with the ineffective functioning of Panchayati Raj Institutions. It argues that how constitutional provision has created a scope for accomplishing development with social justice, which is the mandate of the new Panchayat Raj system. The new system brings all those who are interested to have a voice in decision making through their participation in Panchayat Raj Institutions. How it becomes the Panchayati Raj system is the basis for the Social Justice and Empowerment of the weaker section on which the development initiative has to be built upon for achieving overall, human welfare of the society. My research paper also analyses the working status and various issues and challenges of PRIs for 26 years after the 73rd constitutional amendment establishment of panchayats and municipalities as elected local governments devolved a range of powers and responsibilities and made them accountable to the people for their implementation, very little and actual progress has been made in this direction. Local governments remain hamstrung and ineffective mere agents to do the bidding of higher-level governments. Democracy has not been enhanced despite about 32 lakh peoples representatives being elected to them every five years, with great expectation and fanfare. My study would explore the grey areas such as lack of adequate funds, domination of bureaucracy, untimely elections, lack of autonomy, the interference of area MPS and MLAs in the functioning of panchayats also adversely affected their performance.
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Gerber, Brian J., Cherie Maestas, and Nelson C. Dometrius. "State Legislative Influence over Agency Rulemaking: The Utility of Ex Ante Review." State Politics & Policy Quarterly 5, no. 1 (March 2005): 24–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153244000500500102.
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Scholars have argued that legislatures can use administrative procedures to constrain bureaucratic discretion and maintain policy control when delegating authority. One such mechanism is the formal authority to review agency rule proposals. We find that legislatures with stronger formal authority to review rules ex ante are viewed by agency heads as more influential in their rulemaking decisions, but this power is mitigated when such review is checked by the governor. Our analysis demonstrates the impact of institutional arrangements on general state legislative influence over policy implementation. Understanding this element of legislative control over state bureaucracies helps explain variations in state-level policymaking. The General Assembly finds that it must provide a procedure for oversight and review of regulations adopted pursuant to [the] delegation of legislative power to curtail excessive regulation and to establish a system of accountability so that the bureaucracy must justify its use of the regulatory authority before imposing hidden costs upon the economy of Pennsylvania. Regulatory Review Act of 1982 Pennsylvania General Assembly
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Thilmany, Jean. "Supply Channels." Mechanical Engineering 124, no. 05 (May 1, 2002): 56–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2002-may-4.
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This article discusses about a universal CAD language that would enable users to pass information freely back and forth between systems without a great deal of translation. Vital CAD information can get lost or botched when models are translated by means of initial graphics exchange specification (IGES) or standard for the exchange of product model data (STEP). Many small suppliers are more agile than their larger, bureaucracy-bound counterparts. BMW is experimenting with CAD conferencing technology that is similar to Harbec's software, although it has not yet brought a system in-house. Automakers must use CAD conferencing and other collaborative technologies more, but they are often held back by one very important issue: security. Collaborative technology allows OEMs to get design, document, and pricing information to their suppliers more easily, but it really does not change the true nature of the supplier and OEM relationship, which has historically included sharing documents and a level of trust.
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Rabotyazhev, N. "Social and Political Factors of Russia’s Investment Image Formation." World Economy and International Relations, no. 3 (2011): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2011-3-57-66.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to the investigation of key social and political factors forming Russia’s investment image. The author notes that investment attractiveness of Russia is now on a low level and tries to discover the causes of this phenomenon. In the article the meaning of such concepts as “investment image”, “investment climate”, “business climate” is explained. The author stresses that improvement of the investment climate in the country is the precondition of the change for the better of its investment image. Examining main factors of political risk in Russia he arrives at a conclusion that these factors are connected with the peculiarities of the present model of Russian “crony” capitalism combining the elements of bureaucratic and speculative trade capitalism. In the author’s view, the uncontrolled rule of bureaucracy, reinforced by “statism”, to a considerable extent deteriorates the investment climate in Russia. Thus, a conclusion is drawn that the modernization of political system is an important prerequisite of improvement of Russia’s investment image.