Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Syrie – 20e siècle – Dans la littérature'
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Vauthier, Élisabeth. "L'image du héros chez les nouvellistes syriens et israëliens depuis 1967." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040390.
Full textThe comparative study of the image of heroism in literature between two countries in conflict, Syria and Israel, reveals, beyond the description of the person of the fighting man, how the writers consider the conflict, its legitimacy and the ways to find an answer to it
Censi, Martina. "Rappresentazioni del corpo nel romanzo delle scrittrici siriane contemporanee." Paris, INALCO, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INAL0007.
Full textIn this study, I consider the different representations of the body in a selection of Arabic novels, published by Syrian contemporary women writers : Kursī by Dīma Wannūs, Ḥurrās al-hawā’ by Rūzā Yāsīn Ḥasan, Banāt al-barārī by Mahā Ḥasan, Rāʼiḥat al-qirfa by Samar Yazbik, Imrāʼa min haḏā al-ʽaṣr by Hayfāʼ Bīṭār and Burhān al-ʽasal by Salwā al-Naʽīmī. Even if we can not talk about fundamental difference between “male writing” and “female writing”, the difference resides in women's position in the society which results from the action of several socio-symbolic pressures. Writing breaks the silence in which women have historically been relegated. Women's writing is, therefore, a twofold process of liberation from the pressures of the patriarchal system, on one hand, and from political censorship on the other. These writers deepen all the aspects of the body as a fundamental representation of the individual. The body is the place of negotiation between the individual and the collective dimensions and it becomes a metaphor of the individual as a "desiring subject" in opposition to the concept of "subdued"
Al, Jarrah Soumaya. "Romanciers ou historiens ? L'histoire contemporaine du Proche-Orient saisie par la fiction." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL094.
Full textThe central subject of this thesis focuses on the relationship between literature, specifically the novel, and History. It thoroughly examines an issue composed of two distinct dimensions: firstly, the role of the novel in representing the past, and secondly, its distinction from the representation of History in historical works. The aim is to demonstrate that History and the novel are not fundamentally different in their representation of the past, and that the objectivity of the historian is called into question. In this perspective, the approach involves analyzing novels dealing with the contemporary history of Lebanon and Syria, comparing them to historical works that address the same subject. This helps answer the question posed in the title of the work. The study manages to show that any perception of events is ultimately marked by a certain subjectivity, which is itself influenced by ideological, cultural, political, and social factors. The uniqueness of this work lies in the variation of perspectives represented as well as in the variety of analysed works. The historical and literary corpus, consisting of historical, fictional, memorial, photographic, and comic narratives, written by both Eastern and Western historians and authors, allowed the research to encompass the contemporary history of this region in all its aspects and revealed different points of view. It remains to consider the role of the reader in their perception of facts and their construction of History
Vauthier, Élisabeth. "La création romanesque contemporaine en Syrie de 1967 à nos jours." Paris, INALCO, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INAL0003.
Full textSyrian modern literature has known since 1967 sensible evolutions. This research intends to study these changes, through representative literary works, and to give an image of the evolutions and permanence in themes and modes of expression that occurs in Syrian novel of the end of the century. The first part deals with the impact of the war in 1967 and study 4 novels from immediate post-war. The second part points out the main features of the innovating novel since this period until the 90s. The third part makes a synthesis of the previous two. It integrates the orientations that we noticed to a wider scheme and relies them to the actual forms of novel. Special studies on : al-Ḏahabi - Ḥaydar - Ḥijāzi - Mina - al-Naʿimi - al-Rāhib - al-Ṣāig - al-Sammān
Sayar, Homa. "La poésie d'avant-garde dans la littérature persane." Paris, INALCO, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INAL0026.
Full textMcCready, II Robert A. "L'avion comme dispositif dans la littérature du 20e siècle." Toulouse 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU20102.
Full textIwamatsu, Masahiro. "La fantaisie et l'invraisemblance dans la fiction post-réaliste." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040120.
Full textThe post-realist fiction deviates from three conditions of realism : (1) causal homogeneity and (2) coreferential relation between the fictional world and the real world, (3) narrative reliability assured by modal distinction between the actual and the non-actual in fiction. The deviation from (1) yields the fantastic, the magical realism without hesitation, and the historiographic metafiction rewriting the history. The second is violated by the absence or the intentionally wrong usage of proper nouns, and the imaginary geography. Metafiction violates the third by plays of actual and non-actual. To complete Todorov's model and to analyse varied examples, we think over again the narratology based on linguistic models by referring to the modal logic that enables us to treat "questions considered heretic by orthodox structuralism" (M. -L. Ryan) and to propose a global model covering realism, absurd and metafiction
Vas-Deyres, Landriot Natacha. "Ces français qui ont écrit demain : société et pouvoir dans la littérature utopique française." Bordeaux 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR30058.
Full textOver a period stretching from 1894 to 2004, French utopian literature - which in that period gradually incorporated science fiction - stands out as a medium and a creator of collective imagination and of literary representations in the social and political fields. If one goes beyond the complex hierarchical relationships that developed throughout the twentieth century between French and US or anglo-saxon science fiction, it is then possible to point out the epistemological stakes in this literature. In so doing, literature yields a new form of knowledge. Furthermore, choosing to read a corpus of French novels on the cross disciplinary theme of “society and power” with a socio-critical approach has made it possible to establish a history of literary social representations through their own creative dynamics. According to Henri Desroches, the three dynamic creative movements of the period under study are: changeover, confrontation and alternative. At the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century, the aim of the changeover utopian literary movement is to change society which is perceived as obsolete by a number of pro-socialist or pro-anarchist writers. On the contrary, the confrontation movement which finds its full momentum after the first world war is a process of critical and satirical creation. However, , the 1970’s are characterized by a revival of utopian literature in its alternative dimension. Without giving up their critical vigil on post modern society, writers of utopian literature and science fiction assert their potential of invention in the void left by ideologies and the so-called ”fin de l’histoire”
Granger-Mathieu, Geneviève. "Modalités de la représentation dans l'oeuvre narrative de Tommaso Landolfi." Montpellier 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON30064.
Full textTommaso Landolfi who is a contemporary writer (1908-1979) often talks about his fear of the real world. Can that reality be dreaded through the words it is closely linked to and which may act as protective screens and transmitting agents at the same time ? It is the great question that has been bothering literature since Plato and Aristote that is to say : its ability to represent reality. Landolfi has set up that particular question in his novels and short stories, especially. His position is still ambiguous, between realism and imaginary, illusion and desperate clearness. The virtuosity of his style and the abandon to fate intertwining endlessly form the shape of his narrative work. According to him, literature is mainly inappropriate. In the meantime, the writer can't accept this unability about the connection to reality. He tries to investigate in an often archaic but deeply original language, all modalities of representation from a weary realism to fantasy
Gómez, Cardona Fabio. "Interculturalité et violence ethnique dans la littérature colombienne du XXème siècle." Bordeaux 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR30027.
Full textEl trabajo de investigación consiste en un análisis descriptivo e interpretativo de un conjunto de novelas colombianas en las que se destaca la presencia y la representación de comunidades indígenas y de las problemáticas que estas enfrentan con respecto a la sociedad dominante; las obras y el año de aparición son las siguientes: "La vorágine" de José Eustasio Rivera en 1924, "Lejos del nido" de Juan José Botero en 1924, "José Tombé de Diego" Castrillón Arboleda en 1942, "Andágueda" de Jesús Botero Restrepo en 1946 "Yajángala" de Alfredo Martínez Orozco en 1951"Palabra de Fuego" de Fernando Soto Aparicio en 1988, "Las vidas del cura Lame" de María Teresa Herrán en 1995. Para cada obra se ha procedido a realizar una descripción aplicando los conceptos teóricos y metodológicos de la narratología o análisis estructural de los relatos con el propósito que toda interpretación sea justificada por el texto mismo de las obras. En segundo lugar se han seleccionado ciertas temáticas o isotopías de lectura que posibilitan efectuar la investigación definida por los objetivos del proyecto inicial. Una tercera fase consiste en establecer una dialógica transtextual y transcultural entre el universo semántico ideológico construido por las novelas particularmente en cuanto concierne al mundo indígena y, otros tipos de texto e informaciones de carácter histórico, sociológico y antropológico. Más precisamente, se han querido confrontar las representaciones del mundo indígena que hacen los autores colombianos, con el mundo de representaciones propias de los indígenas, es decir, la cosmovisión que se manifiesta en sus relatos míticos tradicionales. Se ha querido así responder a una serie de inquietudes sobre la función social de la literatura y su incidencia en la creación, la reproducción y la consolidación de estereotipos e imaginarios culturales, así como sobre la violencia étnica representada en las obras al mismo tiempo que la violencia simbólica que se manifiesta en esas representaciones. El trabajo interpretativo, es decir la intención del lector, permite realizar un recorrido hermenéutico que va del texto a su contexto histórico, social, antropológico, poniendo en acción una dialógica transtextual y transcultural que tiene como punto de partida la representación de la violencia y como punto de llegada, la violencia de la representación
Billard, Henri. "Le renouvellement de la représentation de l'homosexualité masculine dans la littérature latino-américaine, chez les auteurs de la génération mcondo (Argentine, Chili et Pérou)." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040201.
Full textAt the end of the 1980s, a new era of democracy began in Latin America, after the downfall of military regimes. But there were other changes besides the consequences of this democratic renewal, such as the beginning of neoliberal policies and the mondialization of culture. Thus, in response to these new paradigms, a debate was triggered by the infringements on human rights, which was both legislative and ethical. This facilitated the discussion of other subjects, such as divorce and homosexuality. This research studies the changes in the representation of male homosexuality in the works of the writers of the mcondo generation, as well as the writing strategies they adopted, from a literary, psychoanalytic, and sociological perspective. For chronological reasons as well as literary significance, the corpus studied is exclusively composed of argentinian, chilean and peruvian authors
Marras, Margherita. "L'insularité dans la littérature narrative sarde du XXe siècle." Toulouse 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU20050.
Full textInsular vision profoundly impregnates sardinian literature : in novels the island appears as a place that the author needs to relate to and to research, like the epicentre of an imaginary world, at the horizon of all the author's quests and desires. The island is the place where heros live, heros who never determined their history but who have been wounded by it : men (whose beliefs, obsessions and desires we know) profoundly marked by their marginal condition and the uncertainties of their land. "sardity", "sardisme", "sarditude" are direct and specific expressions of sardinia's insularity. They bring the writers of this region to light and are the basis of a literature endowed with its own motivations and autonomous with regard to any system. The sardinian novel's realistic connotation is filtered through the author himself in novels conceived as instruments to perpetuate historical memory, as a way of putting forward the specificity and the problems of the island. The insular representation in this literature is, however, also a way for the novelist to annonce his existential worries, which are characteristic of the sardinian man, and to carry out his insular reconquest whilst perpetrating the values and hence fundamental reality of his land
Uziel, Lidia. "Les métamorphoses de l'intériorité, roman et psyché dans leur déroulement historique : analyse historique et comparative du phénomène entre la philosophie et le discours romanesque." Lyon 3, 2006. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2006_out_uziel_l.pdf.
Full textThis study is based on a cross disciplinary approach to the concept of interiority, taking as starting-points theories inspired by phenomenology, the cognitive sciences, semiotics of emotion, methods of analysis of the discourse of the novel, as well as specific contributions philosophical, psychological and psychoanalytical. This study aiming at defining the phenomenon of interiority, analyzes its components and its various definitions through philosophy, the history of its slow development and of its incarnation in the novel. By using ten novels from the Western culture (Dostoyevsky, Notes from the Underground ; Sabato, The Tunnel ; Berent, Próchno ; Svevo, Zeno's Conscience ; Ducharme, The Swallower swallowed ; Kafka, The Trial ; Sartre, Nausea ; Joyce Ulysses ; Sarraute, The Planetarium ; and Beckett, The Unnameable), this study outlines the characteristics of its representation and the precise conditions of its course of development, and establishes the character of its metamorphoses
Jnoub, Soubhi. "L'héritage mésopotamien dans la peinture contemporaine en Syrie." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010660.
Full textCommault, Gilles. "Les personnages secondaires cadjins dans la littérature anglophone du vingtième siècle." Rennes 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN20007.
Full textThis thesis is about the background and minor Cajun characters that are to be found in the anglophone Twentieth-Century American novels. Are they mere words without any connection to the real Louisiana ? Or do they represent, through the prism of their fictionnal Louisiana where they act, something about the real Cajuns (as a community), or, at least, about the way these people are considered by the following writers : William Faulkner, Ernest John Gaines, James Lee Burke, Tim Gautreaux and Walker Percy ? We devote the first part of the thesis to the theory of character and consider that the second option is the more convenient. In the second part, we analyse the manifestation of characters as agents, " actants ", performers, and to what extent they are part of the narration. The third part leads us to consider how they contribute to the reader's perception of the frontiers, distance, expanse and referential density of the fictive Louisianas they inhabit, according the Vincent Jouve's theory. In the end, we analyse the values they carry, either in the texts' intructions or through the characters' talking
Ravindranathan, Thangam. "Dépressions de voyage : réécritures de l'Ailleurs, de Michaux à Chevillard." Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA083617.
Full text"Depressions of Travel : Rewriting the Elsewhere, from Michaux to Chevillard" is a literary analysis of the “fin des voyages” (Lévi-Strauss, 1955), a phrase taken here to describe an impasse affecting travel writing. In the modern age, the genre has become increasingly aware of its incapacity to render the Elsewhere. Reading Freud and Sartre, Chapter I frames the problem in terms of a crisis of the narrative function. The second chapter declines the specular character of the exotic impasse, in writings by Sartre and Jean-Philippe Toussaint. Chapter III reflects on fictional world tours (Verne, Perec, Rolin) that expose the phantasms and paradoxes of a modern “pensée du monde”. Chapter IV rethinks translation as a constitutive and problematic modality of the travel genre, in novels by Toussaint and Vassilis Alexakis. Via Montaigne, Lévi-Strauss and Derrida, the following chapter describes the subversive function of the animal in travel narratives by Michaux and Éric Chevillard. The final chapter reflects, through works by Perec and Nicolas Bouvier, on sites of discontinuity that disrupt the spatial imaginary
Sachse, Renate. "La Fête des Mots : pratiques supratextuelles dans le récit moderne au Mexique." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040202.
Full textBeuvain, Catherine. "L'expérience de l'absolu à travers la musique dans la littérature française." Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE2003.
Full textThis thesis analyses the way in which classical music has been lived and translated since romanticism in several french novelists and poets of the two last centuries. Considered in the light of others approaches of music (textual criticism, musicians' opinions, pictorial references, etc), the literary extracts reveal the quest and the experience of an absolute apprehended in and through music. As music is obiously inexpressible, its circumstances of appearence and perception are emphasized through constant interrogation and exploitation of limits : interspace and silence, personality and reactions of the musician, favoured states of consciousness, space and time thresholds. As for the hero, who lives through music in the herafter (fantastic atmospheres, travels and metamorphosises), for the writer, the mastery of the musical mystery is based on contiguity associations and similes : synaesthesias and metaphors are, like the , transfer and surpassing. So, the expresses the peculiarity of music, the sound experience, its literary translation and the moving forward the absolute. Correlatively, music invomves aesthetic and ethical values, brings intellectual and moral riches. It supposes the search of the essentials : purity, simplicity, interiority are the qualities of the , a typically romanticist notion. By this way, music leads to the sacred, to the mystic and to the absolute. The oxymorons seem to be the privilegied translation of them. They suggest the transcendance by which heroes and writers can pass beyond the limits of the ways to reach the deep truth and take advantage of the contingent to have access to the essence
Margossian, Cecile. "Mode et littérature au vingtième siècle : une éthique de l'esthétique." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040220.
Full textPeople have always been prejudiced regarding fashion, considering it as a shallow activity, whereas its consequences on human fates are quite obvious. Moreother, clothes trigger social behaviours, fashion shares this role with many others creative activities such as literature, art and cinema. This thesis will try to enlighten the relationship between fashion and art, and mostly literature. If we think fashion in terms of style and language, we will attempt to explain the proximity between fashion and art, and furthermore identify the demarche of the fashion designer and the one of the artist or the writer. For that sake, we will first see fashion through the twentieth century literature and chronicles. Then we will notice the links between fashion and art whether it is inspiration or collaboration. Eventually, after having adopted an historical point of view regarding dandyism and aestheticism, and rich of some psychological, sociological, linguistic and philosophical analysis, we will attempt to think an ethic of aestheticism
Plitman, Castanier Jacqueline. "Etude du processus d'assimilation des juifs dans les romans juifs-américains de 1900 a 1940." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070117.
Full textThe topic of this study is the process of assimilation of the jews as seen in the jewish-american novel between 1900 and 1940. First we have tried to find a definition for the words assimilation-loss of the original culture- and jew -any person that considers herself jewish or is considered by the others as jewish; then we explain the choice of our study period. Then we talk about the different waves of immigration which brought the jews to the unites states, the Sepaharades first in the 17th century, then the first wave of the Askhenazes coming from Germany in the 18th century and finally the jews from eastern Europe at the end of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th for economical, social and political reasons. Then we explain why we chose novels written in english by jewish authors and we find out the common caracteristics of those novels-language, setting, family and society. We are then able to find five principal ways through which the jews thought it would be possible for then to assimilate and we define them as social ascencion via financial success, education, mariage, revolt against parents and revolution and we have tried to find out whether total or partial assimilation had been achieved this way
Jimenez, Lidia. "L'adolescente dans la littérature espagnole de la "Posguerra"." Toulouse 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU20076.
Full textIn spanish fiction and particularly in the kind of written fiction by women-novelists after the civil war, teenagers are often drawn. We feel we are confronted with real, genuine portraits while, before readers had to be content with mere tentative sketches ; indeed in the fiction published, at that time, the very young girls and also the young ladies they often had grown into,take up stances which are surprisingly new. Infact their creators thus achieve a kind of perfection in that respect, insisting, as they do, on the adolescent period of their fictitions feminine characters. Spanish women-writers often insists on the particular period of time of adolescence for their heroins, often imparted their own most intimate hidden, convictions, and are naturally nourished with foreign models but it was also fraught with their own knowledge of death, and love, acquired during the various wars they had gone through. The consequence is the portraying of adolescent characters as drawn by spanish fiction writers ans the reader feels that many personal memories break through the bedrock of the tales that are told. For instance, rosa chacel during all that period does draw such a character in teresa and memorias de leticia valle. In nada and la isla y los demonios carmen laforet renews the genre making conveying to them the shock it was for most people. Ana maria matute writes short stories and in luciernagas tells the memories of a teenager of that time. Carmen martin gaite writes short stories about meregirls and young ladies while reflecting
Simon, Agathe. "Le plaisir dans la littérature et la musique françaises au XXe siècle." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040205.
Full textThe paradoxical nature of Pleasure is part of immanence and contingency (the sensations and consciousness of human beings) on the one hand, and of transcendence on the other, whether it be erotic or intellectual, aesthetic, memorial, mystic or hallucinatory. Pleasure is therefore boundless, transcending both time and space, and undetermined, as it also transcends meaning. But how can one solve the paradox of pleasure — which transcends space, time, and meaning simultaneously — and the arts which are simultaneously grounded in space, time and meaning? In other words, how is Pleasure expressed in literature and music in the 20th century? Cross-analysis of the two art forms shows that the ontological gap that is inherent in pleasure can be the occasion for both expressive questioning and disruption in the work concerned, and that such questioning and disruption are the very means by which creators try to take up the challenge
Trobat, Yolanda. "Figures de l'inceste dans le roman hispano-américain du XXe siècle." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040114.
Full textThis research in contemporary literature studies South American narratives written in Spanish. After assessing various aspects of incest in novels and short stories, the ultimate aim of this investigation is to demonstrate that today's novelists criticize humanism, which they carry out a “disconstruction”, that they express the wrill think the relationship between man and interdict, disorder and inhumanity. Two main lines of deconstruction have been set up : the questioning both of moral schemes and of political concepts (such as “the individual”, “the social body”, “freedom”. . . ). Novels and short stories of : Allende, Arenas, Benedetti, Bioy Casares, Cortazar, Garcia Marquez, Eltit, Esquivel, Fuentes, Mastretta, Puig, Sabato, Vargas Llosa, Ocampo. The different aspects of incest demonstrate that all novelists worry about "struggle for recognizability" (Hegel). And, last but not least, that all novels and short stories point out a state of anxiety, of apprehension about identity, in south American Spanish countries and a mental inclination to question identity
Maurel-Indart, Hélène. "Plagiat et originalité dans le récit français du XXè siècle." Paris 13, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA131025.
Full textStudying plagiarism allows a better definition of the process of literary creation, since on the one hand, it puts into question the concepts of originality, author and authenticity, and on the other hand, it leads to a questioning of the role of imitation and influence. In order to understand the range and the nature of this literary undertaking, it is first necessary to examine the behaviour of writers in front of plagiarism from antiquity to the present day when new techniques in book publishing accentuate this phenomenon. Moreover, authors have expressed diverse judgements on the subject of plagiarism ranging from condemnation to praise. Some have even gone so far as to use plagiarism as a literary theme in writings which depict victims of plagiarism and plagiarists. Literary discourse on plagiarism inevitably overlaps with legal discourse on unauthorized publication. The law defines in its own terms the notion of literary property, the evolution of which marks the different stages of the constitution of copyright. More recently, two legal suits for unauthorized publication -the deforges-mitchell and the vautrin-griolet cases-resulted in judgements giving rise to a methodology of comparative analysis. The final aim consists in working out a typology of the different forms of borrowing which are authorized or not. Starting from a classification of legal inspiration, it is up to the literary analysis to complete and to refine distinctive criteria as well as the definitions of the borrowing. Once resituated in a context of intertextuality and of the diverse structures of belonging of the writer, the study of plagiarism reveals a certain conception of originality, oscillating between break and continuity in literary tradition
Al-Zaum, Abdulmalek. "La part de la Syrie dans la littérature de voyage dans les pays du Levant du XIXe siècle." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR2026/document.
Full textThe a priori anti-Ottoman position, developed by philosophers such as Volney and Montesquieu, in Syria, was largely shared by travelers in the 19th century. This preconceived philosophy was reinforced and "completed" by the entire collection of works written throughout the 19th century. Traveling scientists, philosophers, consuls, journalists, and even poets were almost all involved in developing and circulating ideas and clichés regarding Syria and the idea that Turkish rule in Syria was tyrannous. Travelers, as well as their writings, directly or indirectly perpetuated the vision of "Oriental tyranny." This vision, developed by predecessors, was first communicated in writing by Volney. In 1783, he had barely just arrived in Syria, when he began denouncing the misery he encountered, forwhich he held Turkish officials immediately responsible. Other travelers almost all supported the idea of "Oriental Tyranny" and agreed with the author of Voyage en Egypte et en Syrie in their writings.Generally speaking, Syria makes travelers think of their forefathers and reminds them of the past (in both a historic and religious context) that is in reality not that distant from the present. Moreover, those in search of getting back to the basics and the exotic; traveling writers, tourists, and scientists, took a particular interest in the exotic, mythic or picturesque Syria
Boskovic, Sanja. "La poétique du mythe dans la littérature contemporaine." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT5007.
Full textNaudier, Delphine. "La cause littéraire des femmes : modes d'accès et modalités de consécration des femmes dans le champ littéraire (1970-1998)." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0127.
Full textBadau, Daniela. "Poésie visuelle et écriture picturale : littérature, peinture et mode dans la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle." Perpignan, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PERP1218.
Full textContemporary creations that combine text and image are nowadays part of daily life. Present as much as in the artistic creation, as in the street, on the consuming products or on the clothes, these manifestations have brought up the question of the contemporary understanding of writing. At the time of its invention, the writing revealed features as graphics qualities (figurative or abstract) and a strong magical dimension that has been lost by the alphabetic writings. Taking in consideration that writing is conceived as an activity that requires time, the author Lessing established the distinction between the time art and the space art, assigning the writing to poetry and the image to painting. However, contemporary creation, both literary and plastic, rise questions concerning this delimitation. The analysis mirroring the visual poetry and the visual art shows that the delimitation of Lessing becomes obsolete. This is verifiable as well in the « minor arts», such as the mode, were the text and images becomes part of the clothes design. The contemporary creation appeals to the characteristics of the original writing, giving birth to a series of occurrences were the text and the image work together. This mutation appears to be the symptom of a change in the understanding and the use of the writing
Sataihi, Haissam. "L'extrémisme islamique et les mouvements extrémistes dans le monde arabe : le cas de l'Égypte et de la Syrie." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON10026.
Full textThe subject of the dissertation is the phenomenon of religeous extremism in the arab world. The pattern of our research was as fellows : -on the one hand, we studied the islamic extremism as a phenomenon attracting more and more attention throughout the world. Being very influencial at all levels of political life in the arab world, extremism, an old phenomenon, is a deeply roated thought as well as very spread mouvement in the remote post of the arabmuslim history. We were led to trace the evolution of this phenomenon from its early years. - on the other hand, we procured our attention in the study of the islamic mouve- ments that passed the way to extremism and on the political organisations that claimed it. Our choice of egypt and syria, is justified by important considerations which were exhibited in the present research. - to include, we have studied the main causes that fourmed the emergence of the so-called: religious extremism
Desmaisons, Christiane. "Les séries policières dans la littérature enfantine et leur réception." Lyon 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO31018.
Full textWhile children find the adventures of the five, the clan des sept, the six compagnons, fantomette, or another young detectives facinating, critics are often, despising such novels, not giving them even the title of books for the young. Everybody, it's true, doesn't expect from that lecture, the same thing. Adults, looking at these series with a realist view can but criticize their artificial surrondings, their temporal inaccuracy, their unlukely plots and about all their dull stereotyped characters. They are regreting that books give to their reader neither a reflection of the real world nor new knowledges. On the contrary, the children perceive the symbolism of the novels : their surronding, their components, their characters are familiar
Bahuet-Gachet, Delphine. "L'espace dans les nouvelles fantastiques françaises et italiennes du XXe siècle : 1940-1960." Bordeaux 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR30003.
Full textThe space delineated by the texts of the corpus is discontinuous, heteregeneous, it is structured by the opposition between daily space and "different space" : the latter can be an "unusual space" (becoming strangely disquieting) or a fantastic space (belonging to an other universe). The protagonist can enter "different space" as the result of a physical movement (travelling, getting over boundaries) or a lapse of consciousness (sleep, fainting fits): it often happens at a guide's instigation. Coming back into the daily world is impossible or difficult. The new space unveils its difference. A particular light is necessary : the quality of the light and also the symbolic value of the moments play a part in the creation of the fantastic. "different space" causes a sense of anguish which can take two shapes. The fantastic of emptiness is linked to spaces excessively vast, hostile to man or deserted by him : space seems to be dilating. In the fantastic of confinement, on the contrary, space seems to be contracting : the part of the boundary (particularly the walls of the house) is then essential. Very often, "different space" undergoing a metamorphosis reveals a labyrinthine structure, but in fantastic the initiatic progression through the maze is conducive to dysphoria. Fantastic spaces strictly speaking presuppose the existence of a distinct universe, but the latter encroaches upon ours : these spaces can be be enclaves in our three-dimensional space but often their very localization is a supernatural phenomenon
Di, Méo Nicolas. "Entre décadence et mise en ordre du monde : le cosmopolitisme dans la littérature française de la première moitié du XXe siècle." Bordeaux 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR30039.
Full textMy doctoral dissertation studies the problem of cosmopolitanism in French literature in the years 1890-1950 by relating it to the various manners of conceiving the unity and the diversity of humanity at the time. Cosmopolitanism was often linked to the notion of decadence, many authors holding it responsible for cultural uniformization and for the decline of national identities. To many writers of the period, insisting on diversity by constructing strong differences between nations was a way of criticizing modernity, which they deemed both absurd and chaotic. However, the relationship between nationalism and cosmopolitanism was far more complex and the latter often became a component of patriotic discourses. Indeed, French identity was frequently built on the theme of unity within diversity. This ideological construction was aimed at explaining France’s alleged extraordinary openness to the world, that is to say France’s unique ability to welcome and assimilate foreign influences without losing its own cultural personality. Even those who advocated internationalist or universalistic ideologies also emphasized the importance of cultural diversity. In many attempts to reorganize the world, such as Marguerite Yourcenar’s Mémoires d’Hadrien, published in 1951, cultural differences were used and exploited rather than called into question
Dirkx, Paul. "Une douce violence : étude des pratiques discursives ayant trait aux "littératures" de Belgique dans trois hebdomadaires : »les lettres françaises », « le figaro littéraire » et « les nouvelles littéraires » (1944-1960)." Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081196.
Full textThis study concerns all the texts published in the parisian "literary" press from 1944 to 1960 and relating to belgium, focusing on french-written and dutch-written literary productions. By considering them products of discursive practices, the study aims to detect the principles of organization and classification of belgian productions in relation to french productions, which leads one to question the social use of literature in both france and belgium. The theory of fields contributes to ap- prehend in an appropriate way the practices under study. The analyzed texts are "prises de position" mediating certain principles peculiar to the literary field and to the field of "literary" press. First, the three weeklies are located in the latter. Then, each forms the subject of an analysis focusing on general texts on (an aspect of) belgium, then on (meta)texts taken from literary columns, taking into account the recognition of (national) specificities, the editorial programme and the genders. Finally, the discourses of belgian contributors are studied with respect to their trajectories and to the logics of the french fields involved. The entire corpus is marked by the dominated status of the belgian francophone "literature". The french texts are codetermined by a universalist and humanist vision on (french) culture, peculiar to french fields. Each weekly's position brings about aesthetical and political divergences. The belgian contributors deny or avoid bringing out an own identity
Chvedova, Lioudmila. "Métaphores de la cathédrale médiévale dans les littératures russe et française des XIXe et XXe siècles." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040118.
Full textThis comparative research project is devoted to the study of the system of metaphors for the Medieval cathedral in French and Russian literatures of the XIXth and XXth centuries. The classical metaphors of cathedral as book, cathedral as living being and cathedral as vegetable organism are at the core of the present work. The actual and physical cathedral progressively dematerializes and turns into a mysterious cathedral engulfed in water or into a precarious cathedral of mist. Rehabilitated and valorized by the Romantics, the Medieval building itself starts acting as a model for comparison, entailing a complete reversal of metaphors. A symbol of the holy and a place of worship, the religious building gets completely metamorphisized by the writers' pen. The amazing diversity of literary representations of the cathedral strike and touch by their sheer beauty as a real kaleideoscope of images, surprising the reader by their originality and depth
Miskovsky, Isabelle. "La relation au lecteur dans le roman contemporain pour la jeunesse." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100102.
Full textThe novel for young people has evolved since the 80ies toward a rich and complex relationship between the authors and their readers, perceptible in literary works. The ambivalent functions which have defined for long the specific novel style for young people, i. E. To untertain and to educate, are questioned nowadays. The writers are anxious to get away from a too simplistic reading agreement and to commit themselves to a wider social and artistic search concerning a larger audience. Starting from the two main objectives which however persist unsaid ( and which corresponde to the srong expectations of those who publish and prescribe). The thesis studies how the authors modify the rules of this style for young through subtle compromises and determined transgressions in order to make their own voice heard. .
Benachir, Hynde. "Le "haiku" dans la littérature hispanique." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30036/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is set at a crossroads between linguistics and literature since it is about the haiku in Hispanic literature, which we aim to characterize as a poetic form in the Spanish-speaking literary context and as a "prototype" of the brief from the perspective of its discursive and enunciative terms. Traditionally associated with Japanese culture, in which it takes root, the haiku is one of the shortest poetic forms in the world. With its seventeen syllables in all, it compels to the greatest thoroughness in the choice of words, a concise expression and a "condensation" of the meaning that make it a succint poem, often to be pondered after reading. Neither verse nor rhyme are part of the metrical constraints of the Japanese haiku. Its aesthetics, influenced by Zen Buddhism, aims to be contemplative, supported by the subjectivity of the poetic voice, which appears as a "witness of the world", only transposing facts that are sometimes "unimportant", often trivial, yet nonetheless a part of any person's daily life. In Western poetry, the haiku has no equivalent, owing as much to its brevity as to its "puristic" aesthetics. However, it should be noted that it is strongly represented in contemporary Hispanic literature. Neither the Orientalism from the beginning of the XXth century nor the poetic re-assessments started by the Modernists and carried on by the Avant-Garde movements are enough to explain this enthusiasm of the Spanish-speaking poets for this Japanese poem. Indeed, Hispanic literature took hold of this literary phenomenon as soon as the first translations of Japanese anthologies were published, in the 1910s. There is, however, no linguistic connection between the haiku and Spanish-speaking poets. Nevertheless, the first collections of haikus also date back to the 1910s, which indicates that there was no latency between the appearance of the haiku and its adaptation into Spanish. Starting from these observations, we attempted, through a multi-focal approach notably based on literal analysis, to retrace this poetic form's literary and linguistic path, from the Japanese rice paper rolls to the so-called "Hispanic" haiku
Rekab, Driss Bouissef. "L'univers carceral dans l'espagne franquiste : romans et temoignages." Toulouse 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU20026.
Full textLife in the franquist prisons between 1939 and 1975 was characterized by : - wretched material conditions - violence, hate and arbitrariness towards prisoners - refusal of their rights. Prisoners were considered only as antisocial, unadapted and marginal rebels who had to be reformed. That was the consequence and manifestation of the franquist ideo- logy. Any conception, value, idea or action that was different from that of the power was illegal, illegitimate, unnatural and anti-spanish. This attitude resulted in severe laws and, dating from 1939, in a dense repressive network which included the poli- ce, the civil guard, the army and also the juridical apparatus, the official party, the church and of course the prison. The oppressiveness of prison life provoked a variety of reactions : unified, humane and combative among political prisoners, but dis- united and individualistic among civil prisoners. However, all of them suffered severely during their reclusion and this caused grave psychological problems. The reigning violence and the official ideology that characterized prison society were to be found in the wider society in its domi- nant militaristic male values. Social relationships were characte- rized by hierarchical order, obediance, discipline, inferiority of the woman. . . To which one must add generalized material poverty and ignorance. Prison was then the ideal place for application of the intolerance, dogmatism and violence that defined the totalitarian franquist ideology
Delfour, Julie. "Les souterrains séjours : des rats et des hommes dans la littérautre française du 20e siècle." Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20035.
Full textCamus, Audrey. "Le pays imaginaire dans la littérature narrative française du XXe siècle." Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030012.
Full textFrom Atlantis to Balkhyrie, all the way through Liliput, we survey, in our reader's life, several countries that are not accounted for by any maps. In our memory, all those imaginary lands form a distinct territory that subsumes the diversity of their cultural and temporal idiosyncrasies, as it does for their disparate vocations and their various contextual meanings. However, the imaginary land, because it transcends generic and chronological borders, has a tendency to evade categorial acknowledgement. This work intends to understand its contemporary existence, which is as indeniable as it is problematic, by analysing the theoretic reasons of its misunderstanding as well as the mecanisms that permits its reading, and ultimately proposing that they result from its fundamental atopy
Birgy, Philippe. "Les modernistes anglais : du texte litteraire au fait de societe. les mecanismes sacrificiels et les desirs mimetiques dans la societe de l'entre-deux-guerres et leur expression dans la litterature de l'epoque." Toulouse 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU20072.
Full textEven more than the turn of the century, the inter-war period has been perceived as a difficult transition from an old world to a new order, when most convictions came under attack of an ambient skepticism. The type of litterature that has been termed "modernist", owing to its often arresting originalty, helps us to account for certain characteristics of the english society over the period. There, we can find the expressions of mimetic conducts (fastly developing at that time), as well as a resistance to their corruptive effects (in the form of a desire to come back to a traditional and strongly hierarchized order partly founded on sacrificial rituals). The study is informed by rene girard's theses. The list of works under study includes thomas sterne eliot ("the waste land", "four quartets", the family reunion), aldous huxley ("the defeat of youth", eyeless in gaza, those barren leaves), james joyce ("couterparts", ulysses), david herbert lawrence (mr noon, lady chatterley, women in love, "the ladybird", the plumed serpent), katherine mansfield ("the garden party" and other short stories), ezra pound (the cantos and some of his early poetry), virginia woolf (orlando a biography, the waves), and william butler yeats
Comoy, Fusaro Edwige. "La névrose dans la littérature italienne (1865-1922)." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040187.
Full textFrom 1865 neurosis became a major topos in Italian literature. This phenomenon coincided with both significant developments in psychiatry and the triumph of positivism. Writers were much influenced by science, which could not properly define what neurosis was, and therefore referred to it as a form of degeneration of civilised man. Yet men of letters were taking a far more innovative view of it than men of science. Authors were intuitively discovering the nature and mechanisms of neuroses, although with no help from psychoanalysis - the present study goes no further than 1922, thus covering a period when Freudian ideas had not yet begun to pervade literature. With its undiscovered physical location, neurosis represented a major challenge for scientists, while writers exploited its semantic vacuum in order to explore research tracks that would diverge from pure anatomy. The topos therefore became rich and multi-faceted, passing on through generations and different currents of thoughts while preserving its effectiveness. If writers of Scapigliatura showed to be avant-garde in their ignoring of any progressive value attached to chronology, there actually existed a general tendency among writers to no longer consider neurotics as mentally ill and substancially different from normality. For most of them, neurosis infact mirrored all those invisible instances that concur to constitute the ego. Archetypes and topoi that characterise the trend of literary neuroses are means of defence: both pathology and the link between neurotics and specific social categories (artists, women, aristocrats) are clear signs of reluctance towards the subversive discovery of the unconscious. As time went by, writers became disillusioned, and with Pirandello and Tozzi human condition embraced neurosis, which finally appeared under the light of a redefined normality
Vuillemin, Alain. "La figure du dictateur ou de dieu truqué dans les romans français et anglais de 1918 à 1984." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040041.
Full textThe dictator's figure has an exceptional plasticity in contemporary literature. The fragmentation of its historical, linguistic and mythical expressions reveals an uncommon power of fascination upon authors, even when they denounce dictators as deceivers, false gods, "sham gods". Are we facing an "archetypal" figure, original and primordial, of sovereignty, more religious than political, and of which the absolute equivocal nature would explain the extraordinary ambiguousness of its literary manifestations? Nevertheless, a vast although very diffuse imaginary "testament" describes the continuously beginning again cycle in the writing works of an imposture which seems inherent in hall dictatorial or totalitarian enterprises, whatever their appearances are in these novels, for the writers studied. Beginnings are insidious, proceedings tortuous, triumphs terrifying, declining misleading and recommencements unceasing. That "archetype" would be eternal. Novelists would do nothing but find a millennial intuition and condemnation again
Maillart, Olivier. "Les fables du fascisme : fictions et représentations du fascisme dans la littérature et le cinéma italiens (1959-1989)." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100137.
Full textThis thesis analyses Italian novels and films (and also a few German and French works) from the ‘60s to the ‘80s to offer a new history of fascism: it is new because it is not based on the historians’ point of view, but on the artists’ one, using the means of fiction to represent this period. Believing that fable has a hermeneutic intelligence of its own (because unlike the scientific discourse, fable can use imagination and characters), we have tried to unveil some overlooked aspects of life during the Ventennio: epic excess, a haunting and guilty past, variation on the theme of the decadence, monstrousness and sacrifice, dannunzianism and pirandellism (lived as existential possibilities, not just artistic ones). This thesis therefore combines several ambitions: it originates in a new approach of fictional works (especially films by Luchino Visconti, Pier Paolo Pasolini and Bernardo Bertolucci, and novels by Curzio Malaparte, Giorgio Bassani and Elsa Morante), which owes to Umberto Eco as well as to Jacques Rancière, René Girard or Milan Kundera. But it also aims at a new comprehension of fascism and Italian history
Macé, Marie-Anne. "Recherches narratives dans la littérature française : 1970-1979." Rennes 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989REN20001.
Full textThe French literature of the 1970s is both narcissistic and demanding, compelling a revision of narrative forms. Writing styles emerge from the story; narrative activity showing a preference for equality between narrator and character, focusing on complete viewpoints the words and thoughts of a hero are reproduced though the psycho-narration, according to evolutive conventions and manifesting themselves as polyphonic constructions. The setting for the narrative is created by the shifts in time, pace, and plot. The novel dissociates itself from slow transformation constraints by the expedient of break; duration is acted out between contractions and expansions; it is linked to the imagination while historical time remains discrete. Descriptive hypertrophy overturns textual frontiers; the sense of space rests on the pre-determined, founding itself on musings; the semiotics of space open on to the hermeneutics and ideological gambles. Structure is marked by discord: uncertainty, superimposition, unexpected twists in the story, repetitions, reflexion effects and intertextual references. The character loses his supremacy but remains obvious and clear-cut, oscillating between appearances and physical being; he reveals the unconscious; he is sometimes kept in a relational context, portraying the signs of a social referent. This period remains an aesthetic adventure for writers as well as readers
Llinares, Jean-Charles. "L'humour dans l'oeuvre de Paul Eluard." Bordeaux 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR30031.
Full textHumour in the works of paul eluard. A qualitative and quantitative survey of humour in paul eluard's works, lead to the analysis of its connotations with poetic language. The term humour refers to freudian humour, to wit, to comedy and to irony as well. The assumption that the origin of humour lie in the unconscious, explains the role of the consequence of automatism in surealist writing. M. Rifaterre's stylistics has inspired us for our method; which is also based on freud's psychological description of the release of humour. The concept of connotations according to c. Kerbrat - orecchioni's definition is used in this method, its orginality results from the survey of the varions effects generated from the texts : esthetic effects, humouristic effects and humou- ristic effects (h e). The nature of these effects is supervised by other colleagues. The theoretical part, besides defining goals, methods, and the term humour, shows that characterizing styles such as wit, humour, comedy, or irony proves to be quite irelevant, although they are similar in essence and in approach in a survey of the effects. (the approach of irony being the only original one). The analytict part reveals all the various approaches of humour throughout the works ; in dadaist texts as well as in others. In this section, the specific ironical aspects are clearly defined. The analysis of texts deriving from the consequence of automatism shows the relations between automatism, humouristic effets and h e, the latter is percievable even in solemn texts. The synthetic part demonstrates the similarity between the structure of figures of style and the approach of humour. The effect of rethorical figures of style is not defined be- forehand. It depends on their use in a specific context and also on the mode of reading. The survey of eluard's idiolect describes humouristic approaches which are familiar to the poet and in our pastiches, some of these approaches an repeated. The conclusion establishes a register of neutralizing and liberating factors of hu- mour. Finally, the part of irony is reduced and undisguised humour exists mostly in the da- daist period, whereas the h e effect prevails in alinost every text. This clearly marks the surealist writing where the consequence of automatism is highly priviledged
Bénigno, Isabelle. "Évolution des représentations de l'aboriginalité : quelques exemples dans la littérature australienne du XXe siècle,." Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU20116.
Full textNguyen, Thi Quoc Thanh. "L'émergence du thème de la mer dans la littérature vietnamienne contemporaine." Paris, INALCO, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INAL0016.
Full textThe Vietnamese need some centuries to take conscience of the maritime element. Until the second half of the 20th century, the Vietnamese history nearly did not have events which took place on the sea. The China Sea was neglected by the Vietnamese who prefered their rivers. The rough currents off Vietnam and the superstitions made the people afraid of this part of their territory. The exile on the sea in the 80's by the Vietnamese Boat-People consequently caused one of the most important literary movement of the country. Through literature, we can see this learning of living with the China Sea by the Vietnamese people, their own way to take place in the South East Asian's politic scene with their strategic position on the sea. Poets like Huy Can or Xuan Dieu have done much to make them get accustomed to the theme of the sea in poetry and novels. It is this evolution, this learning which is worth studying because the China Sea is becoming an inspiration for Vietnamese literature
Monacelli-Faraut, Martine. "La tentation primitiviste dans le roman utopique anglais de 1872 à 1962." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE2021.
Full textAn enduring tradition of thought holds that man is naturally good and that he was meant to live in harmony and symbiosis with nature of which he is part and parcel. In the century when science opens prospects of infinite progress to man he still longs for a remote past and convinces himself that he should revert to a simpler way of life in order to achieve happiness. Many utopists wish the advent of a regenerated man, living in a purified environment transformed by the revival of handcraft and agriculture, capable of living in society without any political institutions. One will find that various legends and myths as well as the theories of influential thinkers have played a great part in the elaboration of the utopian projects. The anti-utopian novels display a similar fascination for this philosophy of history which leads us to think that the primitivistic temptation goes beyond the cult of nature and the past to answer a metaphysical quest which puzzles over man's place in the universe, his essence and his destiny
El, Zekrawi Yehia. "Etude de la mythologie dans le théâtre du XXème siècle en France et en Egypte." Lille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LIL30028.
Full textMasurel-Murray, Claire. "L'imaginaire catholique dans la littérature fin de siècle en Angleterre : esthétisme et décadence." Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030107.
Full textAt the end of the Victorian era, the Catholic faith became an object of fascination in English literary circles, and many Decadent authors drew on Catholicism for images and myths. This thesis explores the representations of Catholicism in fin de siècle literature in England, and examines the interplay of literary, religious and cultural influences leading from Walter Pater to the writers of the 1890s (Aubrey Beardsley, Ernest Dowson, John Gray, Lionel Johnson, George Moore, Frederick Rolfe, Arthur Symons, Oscar Wilde and Theodore Wratislaw), down to the Uranian poets at the beginning of the 20th century. The cult of beauty is the defining element in fin de siècle Catholic imagination. In the Decadents’ fantasized version of Catholicism, art and religion meet, blurring the boundaries between spiritual experience and poetic vision. The liturgy becomes the locus of an aesthetic epiphany and a metaphor for art and creation. Catholicism is also a source of literary inspiration and a mode of writing for the poets of the Decadence. Faced with the spectre of the exhaustion of language, they turn to the great palimpsest of the Catholic tradition, with its rituals, its legends, its memory, and appropriate it through translation, quotation and allusion, or through the less reverential form of parody