Academic literature on the topic 'Syrian Short stories'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Syrian Short stories.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Syrian Short stories"
1
Allen, Roger, Michel Azrak, and M. J. L. Young. "Modern Syrian Short Stories." World Literature Today 63, no. 4 (1989): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40145743.
Full text
2
Novák, Anikó, and Krisztina Kovács. "Between Two Worlds." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 15, no. 3 (December 1, 2023): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausp-2023-0031.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Anna Vörös’s collection of short stories, Vadoma (2022), offers a completely novel perspective on refugees in contemporary Hungarian literature. The collection focuses on Vadoma, a young refugee girl of Syrian origin, who is the first-person narrator of most of the short stories. The reader can follow the young girl’s path from Aleppo to Budapest as she faces dilemmas and problems. The main issue of our hero is the fact that she is stuck between two worlds, as her old life and city of origin do not exist anymore, but Budapest has yet to become her home. Her mother tongue and words are no longer enough to express her experiences, but she has not learnt a new language yet. Mariangelo Pallodino’s concept of “islandment”, which refers to landing without arrival, expresses Vadoma’s situation perfectly. The present study examines whether Anna Vörös’s short stories can be read in the context of refugee literature, and it looks at how the figure of the refugee appears in them. Special attention is paid to the themes of cultures, religions, languages, and the in-betweenness of identities.
3
Fuentes-Antrás, Francisco. "Shatila as a Campscape: The Transformation of Bare Lives into “Agent Lives” in Shatila Stories." Humanities 13, no. 1 (January 24, 2024): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h13010023.
Full textAbstract:
Shatila camp in Beirut was founded in 1949 and now houses up to 40,000 refugees. In 2017, the Peirene Press publisher Meike Ziervogel and London-based Syrian editor Suhir Hedal travelled to the camp to hold a three-day creative writing workshop in which nine Syrian and Palestinian refugees participated. The result is Shatila Stories (2018), a brilliant piece of collaborative fiction translated from Arabic to English by Naswa Gowanlock. It is a hybrid between a novel and a short story collection, in which refugee voices are given the chance to speak up, share their stories, and negotiate their identities. This article examines Shatila Stories (2018) as a book that highlights Shatila as a campscape (Diana Martín). These stories show that the camp, as Adam Ramadan argues, is not empty of law and political life, but rather it is a meaningful space produced by who and what is in it, and how they interrelate and interact. Shatila Stories is, indeed, an effective platform that allows readers to understand how refugees’ conflicts and thoughts are processed and the ways in which refugees in Shatila accept and embody the camp’s liminality and their border subject identity to gain agency and resist the restrained passivity to which they are often relegated. Ultimately, my analysis pays attention to how these stories encourage the renegotiation of the refugees’ selfhood and counter Agamben’s perception of refugees as “bare lives” by portraying them as autonomous, active and humanized individuals in the eyes of the international reader.
4
AshShareef, Teirab. "Michel G. Azrak, Modern Syrian Short Stories (Washington, D.C.: Three Continents Press, 1988). Pp. 127." International Journal of Middle East Studies 26, no. 03 (August 1994): 535–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800060955.
Full text
5
Schramm, Moritz. "Dancing with the Sniper: Rasha Abbas and the “Art of Survival” as an Aesthetic Strategy." Humanities 12, no. 2 (March 16, 2023): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h12020029.
Full textAbstract:
In the last few decades, a growing dissatisfaction with traditional approaches can be observed in migration and refugee studies. In particular, the widespread focus on the “refugee” and “migrant” as exclusive objects of study has been criticized for its underlying tendency of repeating the binary polarization between migrant and non-migrant, native and foreign as well as majority and minority. This chapter considers the short stories of Syrian journalist and writer Rasha Abbas against this background. Instead of reducing her stories to the depiction of flight and exile, this chapter explores her stories as aesthetic expressions of what can be called the “art of survival”—the concept focusing on strategies of empowerment and tactics to regain autonomy. In Abbas’ prose, this “art of survival” is achieved and expressed through the blending of times and spaces as well as the aesthetic transformation of reality into surreal realms. Experiences of war, displacement, exile, and patterns of exclusion in the new homeland merge into complex pictures of the human capacity to reframe and reinvent a given reality. When viewed from this perspective, the surreal and psychedelic nature of her writing intensifies the power of aesthetic freedom, thus helping overcome traditional representations of migrants and refugees in cultural expressions and literature.
6
Lynch, Gerald. "Norman Duncan's First Short Story Cycle,The Soul of the Street: Correlated Stories of the New York Syrian Quarter." American Review of Canadian Studies 40, no. 1 (March 4, 2010): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02722010903545186.
Full text
7
Yacoub, Jalila. "The Sacred in Stories Symbol and Stakes of Meaning." International Journal of Social Science Studies 10, no. 4 (June 23, 2022): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v10i4.5619.
Full textAbstract:
This research paper relates to the short story, genre, charter and categories in which it has flexibility to open up to other types; Rather, in it, there are compatible references in dictionary, different in appearance, which may indicate chaos in the construction and harm the sacred in the essence of its meaning and the regularity of its significance. However, the narration of discourse has also, its system when the text is rendered from the symbol, and the sacred is transformed from its religious reference to an interpretive context in the collective imagination and perception of reality. Storytelling is born from stories in “palimpsests” and contrary to interpretation; the second establishes the model and the first turns to undermining what the “first newspapers” were born on, changes in structure, meaning and words in its lexicon limits to take place in a different view of the universal laws. All this chaos in the system was summed up in a narrative model entitled "Youssef.. The beautiful, perishable little Youssef" by the Syrian writer Zakaria Tamer, from his collection tagged "The Tigers on the Tenth Day"; the choice is justified by the following objectives: 1. Organization of universal texts in religion and culture within a literary genre shorthand is one of its most prominent features; 2.The order and chaos in this story and its semantic dimensions; 3.The logic of construction between the threshold and the text, the scene and the impact and the foundational text and the change of meaning.
8
Mincheva, Dilyana. "Cinematic Islamic feminism and the female war gaze." Alphaville: Journal of Film and Screen Media, no. 20 (January 27, 2021): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/alpha.20.05.
Full textAbstract:
One of 2019’s most acclaimed documentaries, Waad Al-Kateab’s For Sama is an extraordinary feminist representation of the Syrian civil war (2011present). Al-Kateab impressively documents five years of the most traumatic contemporary conflict in the Middle East by focusing on personal confessions to Sama, her new-born daughter. Raw, dramatic, and sometimes unbearable to watch, it is a poetic tribute to a micro-level, “singularly unmanly”, and painfully intimate portrayal of war and hope (Montgomery). A mixture of love and horror unfold through a kaleidoscopic personal narrative that broaches macro-political and religious subjects without centralising them in the cinematic experience. This article discusses how Al-Kateab’s documentary is a novel and risky experiment that intermingles the female war gaze with a subtle, image-based Islamic feminism. Capitalising on Svetlana Alexievich’s “female war gaze”, which represents the invisible stories of women in war, I show how Al-Kateab’s cinematography expands the scope of the female war experience through carefully selected visual refences to Islamic ethical praxis, as interiorised by the camerawoman. For Sama is simultaneously an intimate motherly confession and act of both “listening” and “remembrance” (as the praxis of the Sufi Samāʿ suggests). In short, it mediates an ethical truth about the human condition in ruins.
9
Hanafi, Nurul Fatihah binti. "الاتساق النصي في نموذجين من المجموعة القصصية " دمشق الحرائق" لزكريا تامر / Text Cohesion in Two Selected Texts of Short Stories Collection “Damascus Fire” By Zakaria Tameer." مجلة الدراسات اللغوية والأدبية (Journal of Linguistic and Literary Studies) 9, no. 3 (October 3, 2018): 72–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/jlls.v9i3.647.
Full textAbstract:
ملخص البحث:
تسعى هذه الدّراسة إلى البحث عن أدوات الاتساق النصي في قصتين من المجموعة القصصية "دمشق الحرائق" للكاتب السوري زكريا تامر وهي: قصة "البستان" وقصة "الليل" نموذجاً، وقد انشغل الباحثون بدراسة الاتساق وأدواته في تحقيق ترابط النص وتماسكه بعضه ببعض في النصوص المختلفة مثل :القرآن الكريم، والحديث الشريف، والمؤلفات، والمقامات، والروايات. وفي هذه الدراسة ستقوم الباحثة بتحليل "دمشق الحرائق" التي صدرت عام (1973م) لزكريا تامر أحد كتّاب القصة المعروفين في تجديد تقنيات الكتابة القصصية التي تهتم بواقع العالم العربي ونقده. وتتبع الباحثة المنهجية التي وضعها هاليداي ورقية حسن لمعايير الاتساق، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أن "تامر" يستخدم وسائل الاتساق النحوي مثل الإحالة، والاستبدال، والحذف، والوصل، والاتساق المعجمي مثل: التكرار والتضام.
الكلمات المفتاحية: عناصر الاتساق-الإحالة-الوصل-التكرار-التضام.
Abstract:
This study was conducted to analyse the elements of text cohesion in the two short stories collection of "Damascus fire" by Zakaria Tameer who is a Syrian writer; “The orchard” and “The night” as samples. Based on the observations, the researchers have conducted a study on the elements of cohesion in order to verify the connection of texts with each other in various types of documents such as al-Quran, Hadith, books, maqamat, and novels. In this study, the researcher has analyzed the 1973 Damascus fire short stories collection by Zakaria Tameer, a writer who known as a modernist in short story writing and renowned for his call to witness and criticize the reality of the Arab world. The researcher has utilized the methodology performed by Halliday and Ruqayyah Hassan for the cohesion standards until the end of the study, whereby Tameer uses the elements of grammatical cohesion such as anaphora, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction, and lexical cohesion such as synonym and recurrence.
Keywords: Elements of Text Cohesion – Anaphora – Conjunction – Synonym - Recurrence.
Abstrak
Kajian ini dibuat untuk menganalisa unsur-unsur kesinambungan teks di dalam dua cerpen dalam antologi “Damsyiq terbakar” oleh Zakaria Tameer yang merupakan seorang penulis dari Syiria; iaitu cerpen “Kebun” dan “Malam” sebagai tumpuan kajian. Berdasarkan pemerhatian, para pengkaji telahpun menjalankan kajian terhadap unsur-unsur kesinambungan untuk mengesahkan hubungan teks dengan satu sama lain dalam teks-teks seperti Al-Quran, Hadis, maqamat dan juga novel-novel. Dalam kajian ini, para pengkaji telah menganalisa antologi 1973 Damsyiq terbakar oeh Zakaria Tameer, seorang penulis cerpen moden dan terkenal dengan seruan belian untuk menyaksi dan mengkritik realiti dunia Arab ketika itu. Kajian ini meggunakan method yang diperkenalkan oleh Halliday dan Ruqayyah Hasan untuk standard kesinambungan sehingga ke pengakhiran kajian. Tameer dilihat telah menggunakan unsur-unsur kesinambungan tatabahasa seperti anaphora, penggantian, ellipsis, kata penghubung, kesinambungan leksikal seperti kata seerti dan pengulangan.
Kata kunci: Unsur-unsur Kesinambungan Teks, Anafora, Kata Penghubung, Kata seerti, pengulangan.
10
بنت أحمد سفيان, نور سفيرة, and بدري نجيب زبير. "دراسة تحليلية عن سيرة الأديب الإسلاميّ السوريّ محمد حسن بريغش (Syrian Islamic Writer Muhammad Hassan Burayghish: A Biography Study)." Journal of Islam in Asia (E-ISSN 2289-8077) 16, no. 3 (December 30, 2019): 161–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/jia.v16i3.906.
Full textAbstract:
محمد حسن بريغش هو أديب وناقد دمشقي، من المثقفين المهتمين بقضايا المسلمين، وكان واحداً من أعظم المنظرين للأدب الإسلامي بمؤلفات متعددة، وللأديب بريغش مئات من المقالات التي نشرت في الصحف والمجلات العربية والإسلامية. وهو من الأدباء الكبار الذين يعتنون بالأدب الإسلامي ويعلون راية الإسلام في أدبهم، وله مصنفات عديدة في النقد الأدبي والتراجم والفكر الإسلامي كما أنه يهتم بتربية الأمة والمرأة المسلمة، وكانت كتابة القصة آخر أعماله قبل رحيله، ونشر المجموعة القصصية (الشيخ والزعيم)، وبفضل ثراء هذه الإسهامات، عد بريغش رائداً من رواد الأدب الإسلامي، وهو يتميز بالحس الإسلامي الفريد الذي جعله يقدم كثيراً من التناولات النقدية في الشعر والقصة وأدب الأطفال في ضوء التصور الإسلامي. وعلى الرغم من غزارة إنتاجه، قلّت الدراسات التي تتناول بشكل عميق حياته وثقافته وآثاره الأدبية وتوجهاته الفكرية. لذا، تأتي هذه الدراسة لتسلط الضوء على هذه الأمور كلها. وتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى إبراز خلفية بريغش العلمية والعملية مع عرض مؤلفاته الوافرة. وانطلاقاً من هذا الأمر، تقوم الباحثة بوصف المعلومات الموجودة وأقوال الأدباء حوله مع القيام بتحليلها. توصّلت الدراسة إلى أن شخصية بريغش، قد شكّلتها عوامل عديدة: تشجيع أبيه المستمر له تجاه المطالعة، وغرس أمه له بالصفات المحمودة، وأسلوب أستاذه الفعّال في زيادة حبه للعلم. أما بالنسبة إلى المحيط الجاد الذي يعيش فيه فهو عامل جانبي له تأثير في شخصيته. اكتسب منه الدأب والمثابرة بشكل غير مباشر من خلال ملاحظته ن ومن ناحية أخرى، وجدت الدراسة أن بريغش قدّم إسهامات كبرى أفادت المجتمع العربي خاصةً والناس عامةً بمؤلفاته العديدة القيمة التي كان يهدف منها نشر الدعوة الإسلامية.
الكلمات المفتاحيّة: محمد حسن بريغش، الأديب السوري، الأدب الإسلامي، النقد الأدبي.
Abstract
Muhammad Hasan Burayghish is one of Damascus’s writers and critics who was concerned about Muslim issues. He was also one of the prominent theorists of Islamic literature who have great number of writings, including literary criticism, biographical studies and Islamic thought as well as education of the Muslim nation and women, published in Arabic newspapers and journals. Apart from that, he was also interested in short story writing and managed to publish his collection of stories entitled (al-Shaikh wa al-Za’im – The sheikh and the leader) before his demise. With all these great contributions, he was deemed as one of the salient pioneers of Islamic literature who played great role in poetry and prose critics as well as juvenile literature especially in the light of Islamic concept. Although he has abundance of writings, there is lack of deep studies on his personal life, educational and working background and his literary career. Therefore, this study is aimed to highlight these matters as well as his numerous writings in detail. The researcher has analyzed critically the information related to Burayghish and the statements of writers upon him. This study found that there are several factors which have set up his high character. Those factors are, continuous encouragement by his father towards reading, instilling of praiseworthy qualities by his mother and effective styles of his teacher in increasing his love towards knowledge. As for the tough place that surrounds him, it was side factors which have influenced his character and personality. He gained diligence and perseverance indirectly through his observation. This study also found that he has given huge contribution towards Arabic people especially, when he left them with hundreds of his Islamic remarkable books and writings.
Keywords: Muhammad Hasan Burayghish, Syrian writer, Islamic literature, Literary criticism.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Syrian Short stories"
1
Columbu, Alessandro. "Modernity and gender representations in the short stories of Zakariyyā Tāmir : collapse of the totalising discourse of modernity and the evolution of gender roles." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25910.
Full textAbstract:
Born in Damascus in 1931 Zakariyyā Tāmir is widely considered one of the most significant figures in the contemporary literary scene of Syria and the wider Middle East. This thesis addresses his literary trajectory and the ways in which representations of masculinity and femininity have changed throughout his career by situating the stylistic and thematic transformations in the context of major historical and political events in Syria and the region. Applying an approach that relates literary transformations to a rapidly changing political context, the research elucidates how the changing configurations of gender roles in Tāmir’s works can be understood in the context of what Kamal Abu- Deeb has described as a process of political and ideological fragmentation affecting the Arab East since the mid-1970s. Dividing Tāmir’s works into two periods (1958-1978 and 1994-2014) to connect them to the different historical conditions in which they appeared, this study examines the significance of masculinity, patriarchy, sexuality and female identity in relation to the collapse of the totalising discourse of modernity. The research scrutinises the ways in which this process has engendered a multiplication of voices and roles in his short stories. Employing Connel’s theory of hegemonic masculinity the study addresses the ways in which the mutually informing nature of masculinities and femininities in Tāmir’s stories channels compliance and/or subversion to patriarchy and patriarchal authoritarianism. In the first part, this dissertation puts into conversation Tāmir’s early works written in the late 1950s and early 1960s and the modernist trend. The organic relationship Arabic literature enjoyed with the project of national liberation is reflected in the fundamentally male-centred nature of the stories, leaving female characters at the margins of a progressive and existentialist struggle for emancipation from authoritarianism, patriarchy, religious tradition and exploitation. While examples from the very early stories show the significant presence of a genuine concern with the sexual dimension of female characters, episodes expressing a more openly political stance also exhibit a tendency to instrumentalise the female body in order to denounce the pervasiveness of the authoritarian state. The second part, devoted to the analysis of Tāmir’s latest works published since his self-imposed exile to the UK, looks at the emergence of prominent female characters openly expressing their sexual desire, simultaneously assessing their subjectivity and acting as decisive actors that shape the male protagonists’ masculinity. The analysis reveals how the works of this period retain a significant political charge, and brings together the appearance of original female characters and the correlated emergence of weak model of masculinity. In addition, stories typified by pessimism, as well as by extensive resorting to elements of Arab popular tradition, serve as illustrations of a peculiar form of Arab postmodernism which has appeared in Tāmir’s stories lately.
Books on the topic "Syrian Short stories"
1
Sabato, Hayim. Aleppo tales. New Milford, CT: Toby Press, 2004.
Find full text
2
Young, M. J. L. Modern Syrian Short Stories. Three Continents Pr, 1988.
Find full text
3
Syrian Brides: Short Stories. Petra Books, 2019.
Find full text
4
(Translator), Michel G. Azrak, ed. Modern Syrian Short Stories (Three Continents Press). Three Continents Pr, 1988.
Find full text
5
Shannon, Jonathan. Wintry Day in Damascus: Syrian Stories. McNally Jackson Books, 2012.
Find full text
6
Mourning for papá: A story of a Syrian-Jewish family in Mexico. Mountain View, CA: Floricanto Press, 2010.
Find full text
7
Not Here, Not Us: Short Stories of Syria. Earlyworks Press, 2016.
Find full text
8
Breaking knees: Modern Arabic short stories from Syria. Reading: Garnet Pub., 2008.
Find full text
9
Breaking Knees: Modern Arabic Short Stories from Syria. Periscope Publishing, Limited, 2016.
Find full text
10
Poppe, Alex. Jinwar and Other Stories: Short Fiction Set in Iraq, Kurdistan, Syria, and Palestine. Cune Press, LLC, 2022.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Syrian Short stories"
1
Thomas, Edmund. "The Architectural Descriptions of Lucian of Samosata." In Monumentality and the Roman Empire. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199288632.003.0024.
Full textAbstract:
In addition to public speeches, rhetors of the second century also composed shorter, less formal exercises, ‘introductions’, prolaliai, or, more generally, dialexeis, ‘discourses’, as initial remarks on a topic or substitutes for longer orations. One writer who favoured this medium was the sophist Lucian, who flourished during the 160s and 170s. But his examples of the genre are not straightforward, since, as John Dryden observed, ‘[n]o man is so great a master of irony as our author’. Even that may be an oversimplification. Perhaps more accurate is the recent claim, about one of Lucian’s works, that it ‘treads along a knife-edge line between sincerity and irony’. Because of the satirical position he adopts, Lucian’s works provide a valuable source of contemporary social attitudes. On repeated occasions in his dialogues and stories, this Hellenized Syrian, sufficiently detached from the assumptions of Greek and Roman sophistic culture to be able to offer an independent perspective, observes how individuals regarded as innately superior could provoke speechless awe (thauma) in their ignorant audiences, whether at wonderful objects, like the possessions of the rich, or at abstract concepts and admirable philosophical principles, like the prize of happiness, political proposals, poetic fictions, or intellectual ideas. The amazement often rests on the achievement of a paradox. Architecture too was an object of wonder. The science of geometry, on which architects like Nicon prided themselves, seemed ‘miraculous’ to the ignorant. Nicon’s model Socrates was the archetype of these shaman-like characters, who, after creating aporia as a result of an impressive paradox, left their companions expressing disbelief. In matters of philosophy, science, religion, or higher culture, the layman could only address the expert as ‘O wondrous one’ (ō thaumasie). The satirical Lucian sees through such conventions, which are invariably betrayed by hypocritical behaviour, but this did not prevent their being taken seriously by contemporary audiences. In short, the picture that Lucian paints of these performances by sophists and sensationalists is one of an elite group or culture using their superior education or supposed access to hidden secrets to pull the wool over the eyes of those outside their group.
2
"Text 24 Short people have rights, too." In A Reader in Syriac Based on the Entertaining Stories of Gregory Bar ʿEbrāyā, 157–60. Gorgias Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463244903-030.
Full text
3
Podany, Amanda H. "Colonizers, Scribes, and the Gods." In Weavers, Scribes, and Kings, 37—C2.F3. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190059040.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract While the city of Uruk was growing in size, c. 3500 bce, it was also sending out colonists across the Near East. These people probably moved away in order to provide raw materials unavailable in southern Mesopotamia, such as metal ores, timber, and building stone. They settled as far afield as Susa in Iran, Habuba Kabira in Syria, and even Egypt. By 3300 bce, a proto-cuneiform writing system came into use to help organize the materials and workers in Uruk, but it was not yet an attempt to represent language, only numbers, commodities, and people. The tablets show that the economy was centralized and that the temple controlled and stored a great deal of grain. Over time, the symbols in the writing system became less pictographic, and the numerical systems became complex. A short biography of an official named Kushim explores his role in this system, including his responsibilities for keeping track of the temple’s barley, malt, and beer, and distributing it as needed. Some clay tablets from this period, around 3000 bce, feature school exercises, showing that schools existed for the scribes who managed the administration. At the head of this administration was a man called the en, who seems to have consolidated wealth in the form of fields. The en’s power came from his relationship to the deities who were seen as human in form, immortal, and associated with natural phenomena, such as the sun. The Mesopotamians believed their role was to serve and provide for the gods.
Reports on the topic "Syrian Short stories"
1
Baker, James, and Sofya Shahab. Preserving Communities' Heritage: A Workbook for Heritage Capturers. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2021.006.
Full textAbstract:
This is a practical workbook to guide local communities and heritage gatherers through the process of capturing and storing their heritage for future generations. Through initiatives with the British Academy and the Coalition for Religious Equality and Inclusive Development (CREID), the Institute of Development Studies (IDS) has been working with young people in Egypt, Iraq and Syria to capture their oral heritage, so that it may be preserved for future generations. Alongside life history interviews and topic interviews - which cover particular aspects of communities’ heritage - a key component of this heritage preservation is how these records will be stored. Thinking about the language and accessibility of digital archiving practices, this workbook is a practical guide to capturing and storing “heritage harvests”, including community interviews, photographs, and short films.