Relevant bibliographies by topics / Synthetic vascular grafts

Academic literature on the topic 'Synthetic vascular grafts'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Synthetic vascular grafts"

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Aleksandrov, Viktor Nikolayevich, Genady Grigorievich Khubulava, and Vladimir Victorovich Levanovich. "Tissue-engineered vascular grafts." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 6, no. 1 (March 15, 2015): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped6187-95.

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There is no doubt that the introduction of synthetic materials was the prerequisite for success of vascular surgery. Biological inertness, durability, eases of sterilization and modeling of synthetic vascular grafts contributed to their widespread use as in aortic and great vessels. However, analysis of the accumulated clinical experience in using of synthetic grafts showed that fascination with them was gradually replaced by cautious attitude, and sometimes by refusing, because in the presence of well-known advantages, synthetic grafts are prone to thrombosis and the development of infection. Thereby, it takes place searching of anticoagulant and antibiotic therapy schemes, and the ways of creation of such grafts which will minimize the risk of thrombus formation and the development of infectious complications. Not without reason one of such ways includes tissue engineering, which allows to create substitute for biological tissues and organs using the principles and methods of engineering and biology. Tissue engineering vascular grafts (TIVG), created on the basis of natural acellular allogeneic or xenogeneic vascular matrices and populated with patient cells, so personalized, are thought to be biocompatible, athrombogenic, and deprived of any deficiencies of synthetic grafts. Being biocompatible products, they will be able to grow and will be suitable not only for adults but also for children with cardiovascular defects. However, a number of questions related to the search of optimal conditions for obtaining TIVG remain open.
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Kanda, Keiichi, Hiromichi Miwa, and Takehisa Matsuda. "Phenotypic Reversion of Smooth Muscle Cells in Hybrid Vascular Prostheses." Cell Transplantation 4, no. 6 (November 1995): 587–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096368979500400608.

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Our purpose was to evaluate whether or not and when phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in hybrid vascular prostheses preincorporated with SMCs occurs upon implantation. Two types of hybrid vascular grafts incorporated with vascular cells derived from canine jugular veins were prepared: grafts containing a collagen gel layer covered with an endothelial monolayer at the luminal surface (Model I graft) and those containing an endothelial monolayer and SMC multilayer (Model II graft). They were bilaterally implanted into carotid arteries of the same dogs from which the cells had been harvested for 2 wk (n = 3) and 12 wk (n = 3). The time-dependent changes in populations of three SMC phenotypes (synthetic, intermediate, and contractile) in the neoarterial layers were quantified by morphometric evaluation using a transmission electron microscope in hybrid vascular grafts. Before implantation, all the SMCs were of the synthetic phenotype. In Model II grafts at 2 wk, synthetic and intermediate SMCs were dominant especially in the luminal layer. On the other hand, neoarterial layers at 12 wk were dominated by contractile SMCs, which were evenly distributed throughout the entire neoarterial tissues. A markedly delayed phenotypic reversion was noted for the Model I grafts at 12 wk. In the hybrid grafts, during about 3 mo of implantation, neoarterial SMCs transformed from the synthetic to the contractile phenotypes, which was promoted by SMC incorporation.
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Antonova, L. V., E. O. Krivkina, M. Yu Khanova, E. A. Velikanova, V. G. Matveeva, А. V. Mironov, A. R. Shabaev, et al. "Results of preclinical trials in a sheep model of biodegradable small-diameter vascular grafts." Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs 24, no. 3 (August 24, 2022): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2022-3-80-93.

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Surface modification of polymer vascular matrices is a promising development for preventing vascular graft thrombosis, improving long-term patency and accelerating remodeling. Objective: to study the outcomes of long-term patency of PHBV/PCL/GFmix grafts with iloprost (Ilo) and heparin (Hep) implanted into the carotid artery of sheep. Materials and methods. Matrices 04 mm were fabricated by electrospinning from a polymer composition of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and poly(s-caprolactone) (PCL) with incorporation of endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and chemoattractant molecule (SDF-1a). The fabricated matrices were then modified with Ilo and Hep by complexation via polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Synthetic Gore-Tex grafts were used as a comparison group. The physical and mechanical properties of the studied matrix groups were evaluated, the surface structure of vascular grafts before and after implantation was assessed. Vascular grafts were implanted into the carotid artery of a sheep. The explanted samples were studied via histological and immunofluorescence analysis, the elemental composition of the obtained vascular graft samples was also assessed, and the gene expression profile was evaluated. Results. One day after implantation, the patency of PHBV/PCL/GFmixHep/n° vascular grafts was 62.5%, whereas synthetic Gore-Tex grafts had thrombosis in 100% of cases. At the same time, after 18 months of implantation, the patency of biodegradable PHBV/PCL/GFmixHep/n° vascular grafts decreased to 50%. Permeable drug-coated polymer grafts were completely reabsorbed after 18 months of implantation, and aneurysmally dilated newly-formed vascular tissue was formed in their place. Conclusion. Modification of the surface of PHBV/PCL/GFmix polymer grafts with Hep + Ilo coating improved long-term patency outcomes compared to synthetic Gore-Tex grafts.
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Mohr, Lester L., Douglas C. Smith, and Gregory J. Schaner. "Catheterization of synthetic vascular grafts." Journal of Vascular Surgery 3, no. 6 (June 1986): 854–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mva.1986.avs0030854.

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Mohr, Lester L., Douglas C. Smith, and Gregory J. Schaner. "Catheterization of synthetic vascular grafts." Journal of Vascular Surgery 3, no. 6 (June 1986): 854–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0741-5214(86)90149-7.

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Yuan, Xingyu, Wen Li, Bin Yao, Zhao Li, Deling Kong, Sha Huang, and Meifeng Zhu. "Tri-Layered Vascular Grafts Guide Vascular Cells’ Native-like Arrangement." Polymers 14, no. 7 (March 28, 2022): 1370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14071370.

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Bionic grafts hold great promise for directing tissue regeneration. In vascular tissue engineering, although a large number of synthetic grafts have been constructed, these substitutes only partially recapitulated the tri-layered structure of native arteries. Synthetic polymers such as poly(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) possess good biocompatibility, controllable degradation, remarkable processability, and sufficient mechanical strength. These properties of PLCL show great promise for fabricating synthetic vascular substitutes. Here, tri-layered PLCL vascular grafts (TVGs) composed of a smooth inner layer, circumferentially aligned fibrous middle layer, and randomly distributed fibrous outer layer were prepared by sequentially using ink printing, wet spinning, and electrospinning techniques. TVGs possessed kink resistance and sufficient mechanical properties (tensile strength, elastic modulus, suture retention strength, and burst pressure) equivalent to the gold standard conduits of clinical application, i.e., human saphenous veins and human internal mammary arteries. The stratified structure of TVGs exhibited a visible guiding effect on specific vascular cells including enhancing endothelial cell (EC) monolayer formation, favoring vascular smooth muscle cells’ (VSMCs) arrangement and elongation, and facilitating fibroblasts’ proliferation and junction establishment. Our research provides a new avenue for designing synthetic vascular grafts with polymers.
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Wang, Yadong, Wei Wu, and Robert Allen. "Vitalize synthetic vascular grafts in vivo." Cardiovascular Pathology 22, no. 3 (May 2013): e51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carpath.2013.01.075.

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Adipurnama, Iman, Ming Chien Yang, Tomasz Ciach, and Beata Butruk Raszeja. "Surface Modification With Gelatin For Polyurethane Vascular Grafts: A Review." Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan 8, no. 2 (December 23, 2020): 100–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v8i2.23170.

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The means for developing synthetic vascular grafts to replace blood vessels is increasing extensively because of the limited supply of autologous vessels. Synthetic polymers as the alternatives still suffer from restenosis and thrombus formation. Natural polymers, on the other hand, are commonly biocompatible and biodegradable, compliment the synthetic ones. Blending, grafting and coating of natural polymers have been proposed to improve surface properties of synthetic polymers. Gelatin is a promising candidate to help improving synthetic vascular grafts surface owing to its ability to promote cell adhesion without promoting platelet aggregation at its surface. In this review, several techniques to incorporate gelatin onto synthetic polymers, mainly polyurethane, for vascular grafts application are summarized, together with the recent updates and potential development in the future.
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Gao, Jingchen, Yaping Wang, Siyuan Chen, Di Tang, Li Jiang, Deling Kong, and Shufang Wang. "Electrospun poly-ε-caprolactone scaffold modified with catalytic nitric oxide generation and heparin for small-diameter vascular graft." RSC Advances 7, no. 30 (2017): 18775–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra02086d.

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Vascular grafts are significantly needed in peripheral vascular surgery; however, small diameter grafts are not always available, and synthetic grafts perform poorly because of acute thrombosis and neointimal proliferation after implantation.
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Gerrah, Rabin, Rachel E. Sunstrom PA-C, and Alan R. Hohimer. "Pretreatment of synthetic vascular grafts with heparin before implantation, a simple technique to reduce the risk of thrombosis." Vascular 23, no. 5 (November 18, 2014): 513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1708538114560455.

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Thrombosis of synthetic grafts commonly used in cardiovascular surgery is a major complication. We examined whether pretreatment of the graft with heparin reduces the risk of early thrombosis. A circuit was assembled to compare two pairs of shunts simultaneously in the same animal. The study shunts were pretreated with heparin. After 2 hours of circulation, clot formation was evaluated by image analysis techniques. The pretreated grafts had fewer blood clots adhered to the surface by direct visual inspection. The image analysis showed 5 vs. 39 clots, 0.01% vs. 1.8% clotted area, and 62 vs. 5630 clot pixel area between the treated and non-treated grafts respectively, p < 0.05. Pretreatment of the synthetic graft with heparin prior to implantation reduces the risk of early clot formation. This simple practice might be helpful to prevent initial thrombosis of the graft and later occlusion.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Synthetic vascular grafts"

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Felden, Luc. "Mechanical optimization of vascular bypass grafts." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04112005-145422/unrestricted/felden%5Fluc%5F200505%5Fmast.pdf.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005.
David N. Ku, Committee Chair ; Alexander Rachev, Committee Co-Chair ; Elliot L. Chaikof, Committee Member. Includes bibliographical references.
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Patel, Dhaval Pradipkumar. "Novel PEG-elastin copolymer for tissue engineered vascular grafts." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45811.

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The growing incidences of coronary artery bypass graft surgeries have triggered a need to engineer a viable small diameter blood vessel substitute. An ideal tissue engineered vascular graft should mimic the microenvironment of a native blood vessel, while providing the adequate compliance post-implantation. Current vascular graft technologies lack the ability to promote vascular ECM deposition, leading to a compliance mismatch and ultimately, graft failure. Hence, in order to engineer suitable vascular grafts, this thesis describes the synthesis and characterization of novel elastin mimetic peptides, EM-19 and EM-23, capable of promoting vascular ECM deposition within a poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA) hydrogel. By combining the material properties of a synthetic and bio-inspired polymer, a suitable microenvironment for cell growth and ECM deposition can be engineered, leading to improved compliance. As such, characterization of EM-19 and EM-23 was conducted in human vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) cultures, and the peptides self-assembled with a growing elastic matrix. After grafting the peptides onto the surface of PEG-DA hydrogels, EM-23 increased SMC adhesion by 6000% over PEG-RGDS hydrogels, which have been the gold standard of cell adhesive PEG scaffolds. Moreover, EM-23 grafted surfaces were able to promote elastin deposition that was comparable to tissue cultured polystyrene (TCPS) surface even though TCPS had roughly 4.5 times more SMCs adhered. Once translated to a 3D model, EM-23 also stimulated increased elastin deposition and improved the mechanical strength of the scaffold over time. Moreover, degradation studies suggested that EM-23 may serve as a template that not only promotes ECM deposition, but also allows ECM remodeling over time. The characterization studies in this thesis suggest that this peptide is an extremely promising candidate for improving vascular ECM deposition within a synthetic substrate, and that it may be beneficial to incorporate EM-23 within polymeric scaffolds to engineer compliant vascular grafts.
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Zdanowski, Zbigniew. "Synthetic vascular graft infection an experimental study with special reference to host mechanisms affecting bacterial graft colonization /." Lund : Dept. of Surgery, Lund University, 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39798633.html.

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Sarkar, S. "Development of a synthetic small calibre vascular bypass graft." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1322995/.

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Polyurethanes are an attractive class of material for bioprosthesis development due to the ability to manipulate their elasticity and strength. However, their use as long term biological implants is hampered by biodegradation. A novel polyurethane has been developed which incorporates nano-engineered polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane within poly(carbonate-urea) urethane to improve the biostability of the latter. Previous investigators have found this material to be cytocompatible and to have low thrombogenicity. The medium and long term clinical results of currently available prosthetic small calibre vascular bypass grafts are poor, due to neo-intimal hyperplasia associated with their non-compliant properties. The investigation reported here commences with the benchtop manufacture of compliant small calibre grafts using an original extrusion- phase inversion technique. The reproducibility of the technique as well as the effect on the pore structure of different coagulation conditions is demonstrated. Fundamental mechanical characterisation of the grafts produced is then presented, by way of tensillometry to demonstrate the viscous and elastic properties of the material. These are made more relevant to the clinical setting with functional mechanical characterisation of the grafts, showing graft compliance in a biomimetic flow circuit along with viscoelastic hysteresis, along with burst pressure testing. An examination of burst pressure testing methodology is also shown, in the light of the various non-standardised strategies reported in the graft-testing literature. Mechanical characterisation shows the short-term safety for use, but durability studies in the biological haemodynamic environment serve to assess longer term fatigability as well as confirming biostability. This has been reported using a stringent ovine carotid interposition model which remained patent over the full investigation period representing at least 45 million pulsatile cycles. Physico-chemical analysis; integrity of the structure, microstructure and ultrastructure; preservation of mechanical properties and immunohistological analysis were used to examine the grafts after implantation to show their healing properties and biostability.
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Ljungberg, Ida, and Amanda Martvall. "Lämpliga material för textila kärlimplantat : Kartläggning av kliniskt dokumenterade alternativ." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-23511.

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En tredjedel av alla bypass-operationer leder till att kärlimplantaten slutar fungerar inom ettårs tid. En anledning till detta är bildandet av ogynnsam vävnad som sker i form av ärrbildning efter implantationen. Ärrvävnaden orsakar nya förträngningar vilket leder till ett försämrat blodflöde. Kärlimplantatet Y-graft har genom sin design som följer Murray´s lag, en naturlig blodflödesfördelning. Designen i form av ett Y har kunnat bekräftas vara fördelaktig då geometrin vid utflödet minskar risken för ärrbildning. Vad som saknas för att Y-graft ska kunna komma ut på marknaden är ett lämpligt material. Med detta som bakgrund uppkom syftet med litteraturstudien att undersöka vilka material meddokumenterad klinisk historik som är möjliga att använda vid textil tillverkning av Y-graft. Genom en gedigen litteratursökning med hjälp av sökverktyg som U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) tillsammans med andra databaser inom de medicinska och materialtekniska områdena, har en förståelse skapats kring vilka material som används i medicintekniska produkter och som är möjliga kandidater till Y-graft. Litteraturstudien resulterade i att materialen polyetentereftalat, polybutentereftalat, polybutester polytetrafluoreten, polyester-, polyeter- och polykarbonatbaserade polyuretaner samt polypropen, polyeten, alfatisk polyamid och silke finns i godkända medicintekniska produkter på den amerikanska marknaden. De presenterade materialen har på så visdokumenterad klinisk historik och är lämpliga kandidater att använda vid textil tillverkning av Y-graft. De godkända materialkandidaterna som presenteras kan även beläggas medbiologiska polymerer för förbättrad biokompatibilitet. Materialkandidaterna har godkänts i medicintekniska produkter av U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Genom godkännandet har alla de presenterade materialen dokumenterad klinisk historik och är där med lämpliga kandidater att använda vid textiltillverkning av Y-graft.
One third of all bypass surgeries causes vascular implants to stop working within a year. A reason for this is the formation of unfavorable tissue that occurs in the form of scarring after implantation. The scar tissue causes new constrictions, which leads to impaired blood flow. The vascular implant Y-graft, by design follows Murray's law and therefore has a natural blood flow distribution. The design in the form of a Y has been confirmed to be advantageous. The Y geometry at the outflow reduces the risk of scarring. What is missing for Y-graft to be able to enter the market is a suitable material. With this as a background, the purpose of the literature study was to investigate which materials with documented clinical history can be used in textile production of Y-graft. Through a thorough literature search, using search tools like the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) together with other databases in the medical and material engineering fields, an understanding has been created about which materials are used in medical technology products and which are potential candidates for Y-graft. The literature study concluded that the materials polyethylene terephthalate, polybutheneterephthalate, polybutester polytetrafluoroethylene are found in approved medical technology products in the United States. Polyester, polyether and polycarbonate based polyurethanes and polypropylene, polyethylene, alphatic polyamide and silk are also found in the United States medical market. These presented materials thus have documented clinical history and are suitable candidates for use in textile manufacturing of Y-graft. The approved material candidates presented can also be coated with biological polymers for improved biocompatibility. The material candidates have been approved in medical technology products by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). With this approval, all the presented materials have documented clinical history and are therefore suitable candidates to use when manufacturing Y-graft.
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Hsiang-jung, Tseng, and 曾向榮. "The Synthetic and Biocompatibilitic Evaluation of Polyurethanes for Small Diameter Vascular Grafts." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15758907409141066970.

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碩士
國立中興大學
化學系
87
In this research, different soft segments and chain extenders were used to synthesize polyurethanes (PU) of different chemical structures. Polytetramethylene oxide (PTMO), polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS), and polycaprolactonediols (PCL) were the soft segments; while 4,4'-disphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) was the hard segment. Chain extenders included 1,4-butanediol (1,4BD), 2-butene-1,4-diol (1,4 BDO), 2,2-bishydroxymethyl propionic acid (DMPA), and N-methyldiethanol-amine (MDEA). After the synthesis, the materials were characterized by dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). In the place of physical property. According to the figures of DMA. The microphase separation of polyurethane could be evaluated from the glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting temperature (Tm) .PU with PDMS had a greater degree of microphase separation. The contact angle did not seem to correlate with the difference in the microphase separation and in the cellular attachment and growth. However, the surface energy derived from the data of contact angle demonstrates that the cells were easier to grow on the surface with a higher surface energy, and on a structure showing larger degree of microphase separation after 48 hours of incubation. The platelet adhesion and activation was reduced for PU with more microphase separation. Overall, the study suggested that microphase separation led to better biostability, cyto compatibility, and blood compatibility. Therefore, PU such as MO211 and (M0.75S0.25)O211 symbols ; referring to are good candidates for fabrication of small-diameter vascular grafts. As to why the microphase separation could have mayor influences, it would be an interesting topic for future studies.
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Marasco, Christina C. "A theoretical approach to synthetic vascular graft design : surface micro-topography optimization for promoting the retention of endothelial cells." Diss., 2007. http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/ETD-db/available/etd-04022007-132345/.

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"Modulation of Endothelial Cell Adhesion to Synthetic Vascular Grafts Using Biotinylated Fibronectin in a Dual Ligand Protein System." Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/657.

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Anamelechi, Charles. "Modulation of Endothelial Cell Adhesion to Synthetic Vascular Grafts Using Biotinylated Fibronectin in a Dual Ligand Protein System." Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/657.

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Over half a million coronary artery bypass operations are performed annually in the US yielding an annual health care cost of over 16 billion dollars. Only five percent of bypasses are repeat operations in spite of the procedures prevalence. Patients facing repeat coronary artery bypass operations often lack transplantable autologous arteries or veins, necessitating the use of substitutes. Unfortunately, synthetic small diameter vascular grafts have unacceptable patency rates, primarily due to lumenal thrombus formation and intimal thickening. Endothelial cells (EC) mediate the anti-thrombotic activity in healthy blood vessels, and due to the scarcity of suitable autologous vascular replacement, EC-seeded small diameter synthetic vascular grafts represent a clear, immediate, and practical solution. The fundamental goal of this project was to optimize the dual ligand (DL) system on synthetic vascular graft (SVG) surrogates to show enhanced cell adhesion, retention, and native functionality compared to fibronectin alone. Initially, two SVG surrogates were identified through characterization by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and 125I radiolabeling. The first modification to the DL system involved direct biotinylation of fibronectin (bFN) as a replacement for co-adsorption of FN with biotinylated bovine serum albumin (bBSA). This was analyzed with a Langmuir model using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy to verify the binding affinity of bFN and ELISA to detect the availability of the RGD binding motif post biotinylation. The second major change in this project examined cell binding and formation of focal adhesion after shifting from direct incubation of HUVECs with RGD-SA to sequentially adsorbing bFN(9) and RGD-SA prior to introducing unmodified HUVECs. These experiments were conducted under static seeding conditions. Next, dynamic cell seeding onto the sequentially adsorbed protein surface was examined as a function of surface immobilized protein and Trypsin/EDTA concentration. SPR results showed statistical differences in α5β1 and αvβ3 integrin binding to RGD cell binding motifs introduced by bFN(9) and RGD-SA. Increase in binding specificity through these integrins lead to rapid cell binding and retention on Teflon-AF surfaces adsorbed with this protein formulation. This system appears to be the nexus at which the DL has proven its value. These results could have broader implications in augmenting EC attachment to SVG prior to implantation.


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Books on the topic "Synthetic vascular grafts"

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Greisler, Howard P. New biologic and synthetic vascular prostheses. Austin: R.G. Landes Co., 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Synthetic vascular grafts"

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King, William E., Benjamin A. Minden-Birkenmaier, and Gary L. Bowlin. "Synthetic Materials: Processing and Surface Modifications for Vascular Tissue Engineering." In Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts, 1–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71530-8_2-1.

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King, William E., Benjamin A. Minden-Birkenmaier, and Gary L. Bowlin. "Synthetic Materials: Processing and Surface Modifications for Vascular Tissue Engineering." In Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts, 137–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05336-9_2.

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Székely, Andrea, András Szabó, and Balázs Szécsi. "Hepatic and Endocrine Aspects of Heart Transplantation." In Heart Transplantation [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102418.

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End-organ dysfunction is a progression that can often develop in patients with end-stage heart failure. Hepatic abnormalities in advanced systolic heart failure may affect several aspects of the liver function. Hepatic function is dependent on age, nutrition, previous hepatic diseases, and drugs. The hepatic dysfunction can have metabolic, synthetic, and vascular consequences, which strongly influence the short- and long-term results of the transplantation. In this chapter, the diagnostic and treatment modalities of the transplanted patient will be discussed. On the other hand, endocrine abnormalities, particularly thyroid dysfunction, are also frequently detected in patients on the waiting list. Endocrine supplementation during donor management after brain death is crucial. Inappropriate management of central diabetes insipidus, hyperglycemia, or adrenal insufficiency can lead to circulatory failure and graft dysfunction during procurement. Thyroid dysfunction in donors and recipients is conversely discussed.
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Conference papers on the topic "Synthetic vascular grafts"

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Madhavan, Krishna, Walter Bonani, and Wei Tan. "Multilayer Hybrid Construct for Vascular Tissue Engineering." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53575.

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Vascular grafts are often used as blood vessel substitutes. Until now, synthetic materials have not matched the efficacy of native tissues, particularly in the applications of small-diameter vascular grafts (<6mm) such as bypass grafts for arthrosclerosis and vascular access graft for hemodialysis. There is a considerable need for alternatives to the autologous veins or arteries. Many patients do not have an autologous vessel suitable for use due to preexisting pathological conditions or previous surgical harvest. Recent developments in vascular tissue engineering demonstrate the possibility of a biodegradable graft material containing living cells to mimic the structure and function of native vessels. However, fabrication of biomimetic grafts is often time and labor intensive, and subsequently requires complicated storage. This demands technology advancements in producing vessel mimetic grafts, considering their availability in addition to efficacy. To this end, new approaches to constructing small-diameter grafts that are of immediate availability and capable of regenerating biomimetic blood vessels in vivo may address the unmet demand in this area. We have designed a novel multilayer vascular construct which is made up of a nanofibrous “intima-equivalent” with thrombus-resistant vessel lumen and a porous biopolymer matrix as “media-equivalent” to allow smooth muscle cells (SMC) from native artery to grow and remodel the tissue. In this study, various layering strategies have been explored. To evaluate the resultant multilayer construct, structural, biochemical and biomechanical characterizations, as well as cell assays and short-term animal studie have been performed.
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Madhavan, Krishna, Walter Bonani, Craig Lanning, and Wei Tan. "Development and Biomechanical Characterization of a Novel Bilayer Vascular Graft." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19613.

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Vascular grafts are currently used to treat cardiovascular diseases such as arthrosclerosis by bypass surgery and as vascular access in hemodialysis [1]. There are a number of types of grafts including autologous vessels (such saphenous vein), synthetic grafts (such as expanded polytetrafluoroethylene) and tissue engineered blood vessels. Currently synthetic grafts are most commonly used as blood vessel replacements and there are a number of problems associated with them. One main impediment is that these grafts are not suitable for small-diameter (less than 6mm) vessel replacement [1, 2], due to high occlusion rates. The major concern over the other alternatives such as autologous vessels and tissue engineered products is their availability. Thus, new approaches to constructing biomimetic small-diameter blood vessel equivalents, that are immediately available, may address the unmet demand in this area. Therefore, we have designed a novel bilayer vascular construct which is made up of a nanofibrous intimal-equivalent as thromboresistant vessel lumen and a mimetic extracellular matrix (ECM) as medial-equivalent for smooth muscle cells (SMC) from native artery to invade and remodel the ECM.
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He, Wei, Alejandro Nieponice, Lorenzo Soletti, Yi Hong, Burhan Gharaibeh, Mihaela Crisan, Bruno Peault, Johnny Huard, William R. Wagner, and David A. Vorp. "Pericyte-Based Human Tissue Engineered Vascular Grafts: In Vivo Feasibility Assessment." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19387.

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Although autologous vessel grafts are the gold standard for bypass procedures, they are limited by availability in many cases. Current synthetic grafts are not suitable for small-diameter (ID<6mm) vascular applications due to acute thrombosis. While a tissue-engineered vascular graft (TEVG), constructed by incorporating cells within a biodegradable scaffold, seems to be a possible solution to the challenge, its success greatly relies on an appropriate cell source and an efficient cellular delivery and carrier system. Terminally-differentiated vascular cells have poor self-renewal and expansion capabilities, exhibit phenotype switching in culture, and are difficult to harvest in necessary numbers, all of which represent limitations of their use in tissue engineering. Human adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit multipotentiality and self-renewal capabilities, are more readily available, and therefore could overcome these limitations [1]. Pericytes closely encircle endothelial cells in capillaries. It has been shown that pericytes purified from multiple tissue types displayed multipotentiality, suggesting that they are developmental precursors of MSC [2].
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Zahedmanesh, Houman, Paul Gatenholm, and Caitríona Lally. "Bacterial Cellulose: A Potential Vascular Graft and Tissue Engineering Scaffold." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206343.

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Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the adult population and treatment of many of the patients struggling with such diseases requires surgical interventions involving replacement of diseased arteries. Although currently it is possible to replace large arteries with synthetic grafts made of materials such as polyester and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) [1], these materials may not be used as small size grafts given their thrombogenicity and propensity for intimal hyperplasia [2]. As a result, development of suitable grafts as a substitute for small size arteries (< 6mm in diameter) such as the coronary arteries remains a daunting challenge.
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Whitton, Andrew, David J. Flint, and Richard A. Black. "Development of a Compliant Electrospun Polyurethane Vascular Graft." In ASME 2010 5th Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2010-32070.

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Synthetic vascular grafts are an integral tool in vascular surgery. However, the consistent failure of small diameter grafts is one of the main limitations of these devices. For this reason electrospun polyurethane has been investigated for its suitability as a vascular substitute material in this present study. Aligned and random mesh electrospun polyurethane materials were produced and analysed in vitro by investigating the effect of using both materials as a substrate for the culture of human aortic smooth muscle cells. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that cells cultured on electrospun polyurethane maintained a contractile phenotype to a much greater extent than those cultured on cast polyurethane membranes. This contractile phenotype is associated with the state in which a cell would normally reside in a healthy vessel, suggesting that electrospun polyurethane may provide a suitable vascular substitute material.
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Whited, Bryce M., Matthias C. Hofmann, Peng Lu, Christopher G. Rylander, Shay Soker, Ge Wang, Yong Xu, and Marissa Nichole Rylander. "A Nondestructive Fiber-Based Imaging System to Assess Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80298.

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The clinical need for alternatives to autologous vein and artery grafts for small-diameter vascular reconstruction have led researches to a tissue-engineering approach. Bioengineered vascular grafts provide a mechanically robust conduit for blood flow while implanted autologous cells remodel the construct to form a fully functional vessel [1]. A typical tissue-engineering approach involves fabricating a vascular scaffold from natural or synthetic materials, seeding the lumen of a vessel with endothelial cells (EC) and the vessel wall with smooth muscle cells or fibroblasts to mimic the functional properties of a native vessel. The cell-seeded vascular scaffold is then preconditioned in vitro using a pulsatile bioreactor to mimic in vivo conditions to enhance vessel maturation before implantation (Fig. 1).
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Badimon, J. J., L. Badimon, A. Galvez, J. Camunas, and V. Fuster. "DYNAMICS AND LOCALIZATION OF PLATELET DEPOSITION ON A SYNTHETIC VASCULAR GRAFT: CONTINUOUS IMAGING." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643954.

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The in vivo dynamics of thrombus formation have not been extensively studied, mainly due to technical limitations. We assessed the dynamics and localization of platelet deposition on a prosthetic vascular graft for the first 24 hours after implantation in swine, with continuous monitoring during the initial 6 hours, and the effect of heparin. Polytetrafluoro-ethylene (PTFE) grafts (5cm. L × 0.5 cm. ID) were inplanted in one of the common carotids of 13 normal pigs; 8 received iv heparin (150uAg) perioperatively. 111 In-labelled autologous platelets were injected 5 min before reperfusion of the graft. From 10 min to 24 hrs after unclamping the vessel sequential gamma camera images of the neck were taken and stored in an on-line computer. Pinpoint analysis of the platelet deposition was performed by creating seven regions of interest of 5 × 5 pixels over both graft and contralateral carotid territories. We obtained the ratio of the 111 In-activity in each region of the graft, including both anastomoses, with respect to its contralateral homologous region. The ratios differed along the graft in both groups of animals, with maximal values at the anastomosis. Peak ratios were reached within 1 to 3 hrs, and were significatively lower in heparinized pigs (anastomosis: 1.95±0.36; graft: 1.3±0.66) than in rion-heparinized-pigs (anastomosis: 3.23±0.66; graft: 2.16±0.41; p<0.05). Heparinized pigs showed a progressive decrease of the ratios up to 24 hrs. In contrast, platelet deposition in non-heparinized-pigs continued up to 6 hrs. Patency at 24 hrs was 88% in heparinized-pigs versus 20% in non-heparinized-pigs. We conclude that computer assisted pinpoint analysis of platelet deposition may help to a better understanding of the thrombotic process differentiating platelet-graft interaction from platelet anastomosis interaction. The deposition of platelets and graft patency is strongly influenced by the stabilizing effect of procoagulant moieties, and the presence of the anastomosis (release of vessel wall procoagulant and platelet activating products and induction of blood flow disturbances) induces localized activation and deposition of platelets.
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Zaucha, Michael T., and Rudolph Gleason. "Biomechanical Properties of Self-Assembly Tissue Engineered Blood Vessels: Insights Into Assembly Techniques." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19655.

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Coronary artery disease remains to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized nations. Current treatments for small diameter grafts are limited by the availability of suitable autologous vessels and high thrombogenic potential of synthetic grafts. There is a clinical need to development of tissue engineered blood vessels (TEBV) suitable for vascular by pass grafting.
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Swedenborg, J., C. Greén, J. Lewin, and O. Vesterquist. "INCREASED IN VIVO FORMATION OF THROMBOXANE AND PROSTACYCLIN IN HUMANS AFTER AORTIC REPLACEMENT WITH SYNTHETIC GRAFTS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642839.

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Replacement of arteries with synthetic grafts causes activation of both plasma coagulation and platelets. In order to measure platelet activation the in vivo production of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) and prostacyclin (PGI2) were measured in patients following graft replacement of the abdominal aorta for aneurysmal disease.Specific methods based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using tetra-deuterated internal standards/carriers were used to measure the urinary excretion of 2,3-dinor-TxB2 and 2,3-dinor-6-keto PGF1α, the two major urinary metabolites of TxA2 and PGI2. The excretion of the metabolites increased ten-fold and fortyfold respectively on the first postoperative day and remained elevated up till 10 days postoperatively. In patients undergoing cholecystectomy only minor changes of shorter duration were seen. A marked decrease in platelet count occurred concomitanly with the increase in the urinary metabolites. Platelet counts returned to normal or supernormal values after 10 days when the excretion of 2,3-dinor TxB2had returned to normal values.It is concluded that synthetic grafts cause prolonged increase in the in vivo formation of TxA2 and PGI2 concomitantly with a decrease in platelet count. The reason for the increased TxA2 formation may be platelet interaction with the foreign surface but the increase of PGI2 is unexplained. The latter increase could be part of a vascular defense against the induced thrombotic activity.
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Bonani, Walter, Antonella Motta, Claudio Migliaresi, and Wei Tan. "Biomolecule-Impregnated Nanocomposite With Spatiotemporal Control Over Release and Degradation Kinetic for Vascular Engineering." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19646.

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Autologous vessels are the gold standard for small-diameter (<6 mm) vascular bypass; however, many patients lack suitable autologous tissues due to diseases or prior vein harvest. As an alternative, synthetic vascular grafts made from bioinert synthetic materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are currently used in the medical field. The high long-term failure rate of these materials in the replacement of small vessels is known to be associated with the lack of proper signalling events by PTFE to vascular cells causing adverse hemodynamic, inflammatory or coagulatory conditions. Therefore, constant and pressing is the demand for a more biocompatible conduit with structure and function similar to native vessels. For this reason, bioresorbable scaffold constructs which can provide not only proper mechanical support, but also precise molecular cues, are desired (1). In particular, proper degradation kinetics and molecule release profiles are needed to facilitate remodeling and integration process in vivo over the time for long-term patency (2).
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