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Journal articles on the topic 'Synthetic Transformation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Barrese, Eugenio, Elena Belluso, and Francesco Abbona. "On the transformation of synthetic diopside into chrysotile." European Journal of Mineralogy 9, no. 1 (December 30, 1996): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/9/1/0083.

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2

Patrylak, Lyubov, Serhii Konovalov, Stepan Zubenko, and Anzhela Yakovenko. "Transformation of Hexoses on Natural and Synthetic Zeolites." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 17, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht17.02.287.

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A number of zeolite catalysts based on synthetic powder zeolites and natural Ukrainian clinoptilolite as well as mordenite-clinoptilolite zeolite rocks were synthesized. The activity and selectivity of the prepared samples were compared in glucose and fructose dehydration into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in a dimethyl sulfoxide environment.

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3

Al-Jawaheri, Yassir, and Marc Colin Kimber. "The Rearrangement of Alkylallenes to 1,3-Dienes." Reactions 3, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 70–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/reactions3010006.

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1,3-Dienes are vital building blocks in organic synthesis. They underpin many fundamental synthetic transformations and are present in numerous natural products and drug candidate molecules. The rearrangement of an alkylallene to a 1,3-diene is an atom efficient, redox neutral, transformation that provides a straightforward synthetic route to functionalized 1,3-dienes. Herein, we provide an account of this transformation using allenes that are not predisposed by the presence of heteroatoms or electron-withdrawing groups directly attached to the allene. Early reports of this skeletal rearrangement are acid-mediated approaches, with limited substrate scope, but they provide valuable mechanistic insights. More recent transition metal-mediated approaches that exhibit improved substrate scope are described, together with isolated examples that have utilized this rearrangement.

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4

Silva, Vera L. M., and Artur M. S. Silva. "Palladium-Catalysed Synthesis and Transformation of Quinolones." Molecules 24, no. 2 (January 9, 2019): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24020228.

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Palladium-catalysed reactions have had a large impact on synthetic organic chemistry and have found many applications in target-oriented synthesis. Their widespread use in organic synthesis is due to the mild conditions associated with the reactions together with their tolerance of a wide range of functional groups. Moreover, these types of reactions allow the rapid construction of complex molecules through multiple bond-forming reactions in a single step, the so-called tandem processes. Pd-catalysed reactions have been applied to the synthesis of a large number of natural products and bioactive compounds, some of them of complex molecular structures. This review article aims to present an overview of the most important Pd-catalysed reactions employed in the synthesis and transformations of quinolin-2(1H)-ones and quinolin-4(1H)-ones. These compounds are widely recognized by their diverse bioactivity, being privileged structures in medicinal chemistry and useful structural moieties for the development of new drug candidates. Furthermore, they hold significant interest due to their host–guest chemistry; applications in chemical, biochemical and environmental analyses and use in the development of new synthetic methods. In some cases, the quinolone formation step cannot be ascribed to a claimed Pd-catalysed reaction but this reaction is crucial to get the appropriate substrate for cyclization into the quinolone. Herein we present and discuss different economical, efficient and selective synthetic strategies to access quinolone-type compounds.

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5

Thompson, Mitchell G., William M. Moore, Niklas F. C. Hummel, Allison N. Pearson, Collin R. Barnum, Henrik V. Scheller, and Patrick M. Shih. "Agrobacterium tumefaciens: A Bacterium Primed for Synthetic Biology." BioDesign Research 2020 (May 26, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2020/8189219.

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Agrobacterium tumefaciens is an important tool in plant biotechnology due to its natural ability to transfer DNA into the genomes of host plants. Genetic manipulations of A. tumefaciens have yielded considerable advances in increasing transformational efficiency in a number of plant species and cultivars. Moreover, there is overwhelming evidence that modulating the expression of various mediators of A. tumefaciens virulence can lead to more successful plant transformation; thus, the application of synthetic biology to enable targeted engineering of the bacterium may enable new opportunities for advancing plant biotechnology. In this review, we highlight engineering targets in both A. tumefaciens and plant hosts that could be exploited more effectively through precision genetic control to generate high-quality transformation events in a wider range of host plants. We then further discuss the current state of A. tumefaciens and plant engineering with regard to plant transformation and describe how future work may incorporate a rigorous synthetic biology approach to tailor strains of A. tumefaciens used in plant transformation.

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6

Khan, Umar Saeed, Abdul Manan, Nasrullah Khan, Amir Mahmood, and Abdur Rahim. "Transformation mechanism of magnetite nanoparticles." Materials Science-Poland 33, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msp-2015-0037.

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AbstractA simple oxidation synthesis route was developed for producing magnetite nanoparticles with controlled size and morphology. Investigation of oxidation process of the produced magnetite nanoparticles (NP) was performed after synthesis under different temperatures. The phase transformation of synthetic magnetite nanoparticles into maghemite and, henceforth, to hematite nanoparticles at different temperatures under dry oxidation has been studied. The natural magnetite particles were directly transformed to hematite particles at comparatively lower temperature, thus, maghemite phase was bypassed. The phase structures, morphologies and particle sizes of the produced magnetic nanoparticles have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) and BET surface area analysis.

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7

Horn, Sabine, Katja Dahms, and Mathias O. Senge. "Synthetic transformations of porphyrins – Advances 2004-2007." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 12, no. 10 (October 2008): 1053–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s108842460800042x.

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Recent developments in the synthesis and transformation of porphyrins and their derivatives are presented. In connection with the Fifth International Conference on Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines (ICPP-5) a survey of current method developments and reactivity studies is made. The review focuses on synthetic advances in porphyrin chemistry. A brief survey of important developments covers selectively the literature from 2004 to late 2007.

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8

Nguyen, Thanh V. "Convenient Access to Hydroquinone and Quinone Derivatives from Cyclobutenedione Units." Australian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 8 (2010): 1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch10189.

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An important synthetic method providing access to a variety of heterocyclic and polycyclic quinones and hydroquinones is described. The key transformation involves the thermal ring expansion of cyclobutenedione derivatives to quinone/hydroquinone units. The synthetic utility and recent applications of this method in natural product synthesis are also discussed.

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9

Moerschell, R. P., S. Tsunasawa, and F. Sherman. "Transformation of yeast with synthetic oligonucleotides." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 85, no. 2 (January 1, 1988): 524–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.85.2.524.

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10

Guo, Fenghai, Jayla A. Young, Mina S. Perez, Holden A. Hankerson, and Alex M. Chavez. "Progress on the Cu-Catalyzed 1,4-Conjugate Addition to Thiochromones." Catalysts 13, no. 4 (April 8, 2023): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13040713.

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Carbon–carbon bond formation is one of the most important tools in synthetic organic chemists’ toolbox. It is a fundamental transformation that allows synthetic chemists to synthesize the carbon framework of complex molecules from inexpensive simple starting materials. Among the many synthetic methodologies developed for the construction of carbon–carbon bonds, organocopper reagents are one of the most reliable organometallic reagents for this purpose. The versatility of organocuprate reagents or the reactions catalyzed by organocopper reagents were demonstrated by their applications in a variety of synthetic transformations including the 1,4-conjugate addition reactions. Sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds are a much less studied area compared to oxygen-containing heterocycles but have gained more and more attention in recent years due to their rich biological activities and widespread applications in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and material science. This paper will provide a brief review on recent progress on the synthesis of an important class of sulfur-heterocycles-2-alkylthiochroman-4-ones and thioflavanones via the conjugate additions of Grignard reagents to thiochromones catalyzed by copper catalysts. Recent progress on the synthesis of 2-substituted thiochroman-4-ones via alkynylation and alkenylation of thiochromones will also be covered in this review.

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11

Lee, Youjin V., Lingyuan Meng, Eleanor Ostroff, and Bozhi Tian. "Restructuring of ultra-thin branches in multi-nucleated silicon nanowires." Pure and Applied Chemistry 92, no. 12 (December 16, 2020): 1921–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2020-0602.

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AbstractThe synthetic tunability of semiconductor nanowires has enabled researchers to apply these materials in a variety of applications from energy harvesting to biological stimulation. One of the most intensely researched areas is the synthesis of branched nanowires, or nano-tree structures, owing to their high surface area. In this paper, we present a synthetic protocol that enables the growth of ultra-thin nanowire branches on a primary nanowire. Specifically, the method yields tightly distributed branches, whose locality is unique to our method. We furthermore induce the transformation of these branches into spheroidal superstructures. We explain how an Ostwald ripening-like mechanism can account for such a transformation. We suggest how our method can expand the synthetic toolset of branched nanowires, thus enabling the development of applications.

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12

Sharma, Yogesh Brijwashi, Bhakti Umesh Hirlekar, Yogesh P. Bharitkar, and Abhijit Hazra. "Lemon Juice: A Versatile Reusable Biocatalyst for the Synthesis of Bioactive Organic Compounds as well as Numerous Nanoparticles Based Catalytic System." Current Organic Chemistry 25, no. 10 (June 1, 2021): 1194–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272825666210317151732.

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Green chemistry is an essential part of the organic synthesis chemistry and plays a principal role in saving the environment from harmful and toxic catalysts. Fruit juice catalyzed chemistry is a vital part of green chemistry in which lemon juice plays a potential role in various organic transformations. This review article summarizes (from 2011-2020) the application and importance of lemon juice in synthetic organic transformation as well as synthesis of various type of nanoparticles and catalysts. This review article can help the researchers to develop the route for the synthesis of various scaffolds, small molecules, nanoparticles and catalysts under economical and environment friendly condition.

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13

Puglisi, A., E. Murtezi, G. Yilmaz, and Y. Yagci. "Synthesis of block copolymers by mechanistic transformation from photoinitiated cationic polymerization to a RAFT process." Polymer Chemistry 8, no. 47 (2017): 7307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7py01707c.

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A novel synthetic strategy for the synthesis of block copolymers based on mechanistic transformation from photoinitiated cationic polymerization to radical addition fragmentation transfer polymerization is presented.

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14

Carlton, Robert A., Edward Orton, Charles E. Lyman, and James E. Roberts. "Qualitative Analysis of Solid Phase Synthesis Reaction Products by X-ray Spectrometry." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, no. 6 (November 1997): 520–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927697970409.

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Abstract: A novel method for the synthesis of polypeptides using polystyrene/divinylbenzene copolymers as solid supports has drawn the attention of medicinal, pharmaceutical, and agricultural chemists because of its utility in combinatorial chemistry and parallel synthesis. In this method, arrays of solid-phase organic synthesis experiments are conducted simultaneously thereby enabling the preparation of large numbers of novel compounds over a short time period. The analysis of organic compounds attached to polymer supports presents unique challenges to chemists. This study presents some results of the application of energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) in the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) to this problem. EDS in the ESEM has the advantages of minimal sample size, speed, and simplicity because the analyses are performed without special specimen preparation. The progress of a two-step synthetic transformation was followed using EDS-ESEM by the presence of a sulfur peak in the first synthetic step and by a bromine peak in the second step. The synthetic products were also evaluated by infrared spectroscopy and by elemental analysis (ion chromatography). The agreement of the qualitative analysis among all three techniques was good. Analysis by EDS-ESEM not only complements current analytical techniques in solid phase synthesis; it also provides insight into the details of the synthetic transformation.

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15

Wu, Jinghua, and Zhiqiang Ma. "Metal-hydride hydrogen atom transfer (MHAT) reactions in natural product synthesis." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 8, no. 24 (2021): 7050–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1qo01139a.

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16

Cai, Xiao-hua, Hongyan Zhang, and Hui Guo. "Denitrative Coupling Reaction: A Powerful Synthetic Tool in Functional Transformation." Current Organic Chemistry 23, no. 10 (August 16, 2019): 1131–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272823666190627114857.

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Nitro hydrocarbons as inexpensive, easily available, and relatively stable organic intermediates have aroused great attention in various functional group transformations over the past several decades. The electron-withdrawing action of the nitro group can act as a transient leaving group to efficiently transform into the other important functionalities. Nitro compounds are easily prepared through simple synthetic reactions from simple and facile starting substrates and provide an exciting opportunity for the synthesis of various valuable products. This account will review recent progress in the denitrative coupling reaction of nitroalkanes, nitroolefins, and nitroarenes under transition metalcatalyzed, transition metal-free, or visible light induced conditions.

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17

Takacs, J. M., S. C. Boito, and Y. C. Myoung. "Recent Applications of Catalytic Metal-Mediated Carbocyclizations in Asymmetric Synthesis." Current Organic Chemistry 2, no. 3 (May 1998): 233–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272802666220128192732.

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Catalytic transition metal mediated transformations enable a variety of novel bond constructions and open up exciting new possibilities for synthesis. To date, a relatively limited number of these reactions have been used as key strategy elements in the asymmetric total synthesis of structurally complex natural products. This review examines several recent applications wherein the subset of transition-metal-catalyzed reactions, metal-catalyzed carbocyclizations, defines the key retrosynthetic transformation in the synthetic plan. The applications chosen and analyzed so as to highlight their efficiency, brevity and intrinsic elegance of design and are placed in context by comparison to complementary classical approaches to the target structure.

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18

Hsu, Ming-Tsung, Yi-Hung Liu, and Shiuh-Tzung Liu. "Synthesis of 2-Benzylidene-3-Pyrrolines and Their Synthetic Transformation." Reactions 1, no. 2 (October 16, 2020): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/reactions1020005.

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A series of benzylidene-3-pyrrolines were prepared from chalcone derivatives, arylacetylene and sulfonamide via a three-step sequence without the isolation of intermediates. Typically, the reaction of 1,3-di-p-tolylprop-2-en-1-one with lithium phenylacetylide was followed by substitution with tosylamide and then silver-catalyzed 5-exo-dig cyclization to give N-tosyl-2-benzylidene-3,5-di-p-tolyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole with a 86% yield. Furthermore, transformation to the corresponding substituted 3-pyrrolin-2-one and pyrrole by m-chloroperbenzoic acid (mcpba)-oxidation and acid-catalyzed aromatization, respectively, was investigated.

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19

T. Mohd Ali, M., and . "Synthesis of -Hydroxy -Proline: Potential for Organocataly-sis Reactions." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.14 (December 24, 2019): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.14.27571.

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A chiral organic molecule, L-proline catalyzed an enantioselective transformation reaction has becoming interesting synthetic protocol especially in the area of organocatalysis. Herein, a synthetic approach towards -hydroxy--proline starting from bicyclic lactone lactam is hereby described. The syntheses utilized dicarboxylation reaction of bicyclic lacton lactam, followed by ether hydrolysis of the bicyclic ether and oxidation reaction of the primary alcohol. The synthetic strategy disclosed here allows further the enantioselective synthesis of a variety of unnatural amino acids based on -proline structure.

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20

Taranenko, A. M. "GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF PLANTS CONTAINING THE SYNTHETIC cry1Ab GENE ENCODING RESISTANCE TO LEPIDOPTERAN PESTS." Biotechnologia Acta 12, no. 6 (December 2019): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech12.06.056.

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21

Liu, Leping, Bo Xu, and Gerald B. Hammond. "Construction of cyclic enones via gold-catalyzed oxygen transfer reactions." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 7 (May 13, 2011): 606–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.7.71.

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During the last decade, gold-catalyzed reactions have become a tour de force in organic synthesis. Recently, the gold-, Brønsted acid- or Lewis acid-catalyzed oxygen transfer from carbonyl to carbon–carbon triple bond, the so-called alkyne–carbonyl metathesis, has attracted much attention because this atom economical transformation generates α,β-unsaturated carbonyl derivatives which are of great interest in synthetic organic chemistry. This mini-review focuses on the most recent achievements on gold-catalyzed oxygen transfer reactions of tethered alkynones, diynes or alkynyl epoxides to cyclic enones. The corresponding mechanisms for the transformations are also discussed.

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22

Xu, Zhengkui, James L. Shull, and Waltraud M. Kriven. "Hot-stage Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Phase Transformations in Hexacelsian (BaAl2Si2O8)." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 6 (June 2002): 1287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0193.

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Phase transformations in synthetic hexacelsian were investigated by hot-stage transmission electron microscopy. A second phase transformation from an orthorhombic to hexagonal structure was identified in the synthetic hexacelsian at approximately 700 °C. The hexacelsian was found to exhibit a sequence of phase transformations on heating of hexagonal (P63/mcm)–orthorhombic (Immm)–hexagonal (P6/mmm). Antiphase domain boundaries, which were observed in P63/mcm and Immm phases, were absent in the P6/mmm phase. Crystal symmetries of the three phases were determined by convergent beam electron diffraction, and space group symmetries were derived by comparison of experimental selected area electron diffraction patterns with computer-simulated patterns.

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23

Malvar, H. "Comment on "Bilinear transformation by synthetic division"." IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 30, no. 4 (April 1985): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tac.1985.1103965.

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24

Hagiwara, Hisahiro, Masashi Tsukagoshi, Takashi Hoshi, Toshio Suzuki, Toshihiro Hashimoto, and Yoshinori Asakawa. "Expedient Synthetic Transformation of Ptychantins into Forskolin." Synlett 2008, no. 6 (April 2008): 929–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1042930.

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25

Ferino, Italo, Roberto Monaci, Vincenzo Solinas, Lucio Forni, Antonio Rivoldini, and Luigi Sanseverino. "Transformation of 1-Butene over Synthetic Zeolites." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 57, no. 4 (1992): 869–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19920869.

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The behaviour of several zeolites as catalysts for the title reaction has been investigated by means of a continuous flow microreactor. Runs performed at atmospheric pressure indicated that at 423 K the completely protonic forms of the zeolites catalyze just the isomerization reaction. In the case of Y zeolites, oligomerization occurs only over the partially decationated samples, in the temperature range between 373 and 423 K and W/F between 0.2 and 22 gcath/g1-but, to an extent which depends on the reaction conditions. Most of the catalysts were tested also under pressure (4.05 MPa) at 423 K. The protonic forms of Y and ZSM-5 zeolites seem promising catalysts in terms of both conversion and selectivity to oligomers. The 1-olefins account for 30% of the entire olefinic mixture. The octenes, which account for 70% of the liquid mixture, are mostly formed of dimethylhexenes. Trimers are also formed during the reaction and, in the very particular case of H[B]ZSM-5, tetramers are produced.

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26

Cajthaml, Tomáš, Zdena Křesinová, Kateřina Svobodová, Karel Sigler, and Tomáš Řezanka. "Microbial transformation of synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol." Environmental Pollution 157, no. 12 (December 2009): 3325–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.06.027.

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27

Okuyama, Kenji, Mieko Ikeda, Shingo Yokoyama, Yanami Ochiai, Yusuke Hamada, and Masatsugu Shimomura. "Heat-indueed Crystal Transformation of Synthetic Bilayer." Chemistry Letters 17, no. 6 (June 5, 1988): 1013–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.1988.1013.

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28

Ngapa, Yulius Dala, Sri Sugiarti, and Zaenal Abidin. "Hydrothermal Transformation of Natural Zeolite from Ende-NTT and Its Application as Adsorbent of Cationic Dye." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 16, no. 2 (March 13, 2018): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21156.

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A synthetic zeolite was produced from natural zeolite from Ende-Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) by hydrothermal method. This study aims to produce synthetic zeolite from Ende natural zeolite to remove cation dye through the adsorption process. Temperature of crystal formation (ageing) was performed at 60 °C for 6 h and hydrothermal process was at 100 °C for 24 h. The natural zeolite produced synthetic NaP1 and synthetic Faujasite. Based on the research results, the synthesis of zeolite by the hydrothermal method can enhance the adsorption capacity and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC). The adsorption capacity in the natural zeolites of type ZG, ZL and ZC before the hydrothermal process were 17.289, 17.276, and 16.483 mg/g, respectively, and after hydrothermal they increased to 37.398, 37.369 and 37.362 mg/g, respectively. In addition, the CEC increased from 84.154, 81.042, and 77.474 cmol/kg, respectively, to 244.063, 216.354, and 211.432 cmol/kg, respectively. The Langmuir model most closely matched the isothermal adsorption equilibrium process.

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29

Ramírez-López, Sandra C., Manuel Alejandro Rentería-Gómez, Cesar R. Solorio Alvarado, and Rocío Gámez-Montaño. "Synthesis of Peptidomimetics via IMCR/Post-Transformation Strategy." Chemistry Proceedings 3, no. 1 (November 14, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-24-08396.

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A series of three 2,5-Diketopiperazine (DKPs) were synthesized via one-pot process through the post- isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions (IMCR)-transformation strategy. This strategy emphasizes the role of orthogonal bifunctional reagents in the IMCR process to increase their synthetic potential, allowing us accessing a synthetic platform from which it is possible to obtain privileged heterocyclic peptidomimetics via lactamization reaction.

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30

Dziuba, M., I. Navrotskaya, R. Brovko, and V. Doluda. "Methanol / Dimethyl Ether Catalytic Transformation Over Zn-modified H-ZSN-5 Zeolite." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 5 (May 15, 2020): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/54/02.

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The universally depleting reserves of traditional hydrocarbons require the development of a technology for producing synthetic hydrocarbons from renewable sources or human waste. Currently, among the possible methods for producing synthetic hydrocarbons, it is necessary to note the Fischer–Tropsch method and the method of methanol / dimethyl ether catalytic transformation. Moreover, the production of synthetic hydrocarbons from synthesis gas — the Fischer–Tropsch method, is suitable for the production of linear hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons synthesis using methanol / dimethyl ether is suitable for the production of olefins, branched paraffins, aromatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Depending on the synthesis conditions, it is possible to preferentially obtain a certain type of hydrocarbon, which significantly increases the value of this process. In this article modification of zeolite type H-ZSM-5 with zinc is studied in order to increase the yield of liquid hydrocarbons. Zeolite in acid form was treated with zinс acetate solutions of different concentrations, followed by calcination of the samples. The efficiency of the catalysts was studied in a flow tube reactor set-up, and the surface acidity of the samples was also determined. An increase in the zinc content in zeolite contributed to a decrease in the acidity of the samples and modification of their active centers. However, at high zinc content, a separate oxide phase forms, which contributes to a slight increase in acidity. Modification of zeolite with zinc leads to a decrease in the rate of transformation of dimethyl ether and the rate of liquid hydrocarbons formation. However, a general decrease in acidity and modification of zeolite with zinc contributes to a significant decrease in the amount of heavy aromatic compounds formed, with an increase in the amount of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons being formed.

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31

Ilić, Dušica, Vesna Nikolić, Mihajlo Stanković, Ljubiša Nikolić, Ljiljana Stanojević, Ivana Mladenović-Ranisavljević, and Andrija Šmelcerović. "Transformation of Synthetic Allicin: The Influence of Ultrasound, Microwaves, Different Solvents and Temperatures, and the Products Isolation." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/561823.

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The transformation of the synthesized allicin, using conventional method, the influence of ultrasound and microwaves, in different organic solvents (acetonitrile, acetone, methanol, and chloroform), at various temperatures (room temperature,45∘C, and55∘C) was investigated. Allicin degradation kinetic was monitored by HPLC. Allicin transformation under the effect of microwaves is faster than transformations performed under the influence of ultrasound or by conventional method. Increase of the temperature accelerates allicin transformation. Pharmacologically active compounds of (E)-ajoene, (Z)-ajoene, 3-vinyl-4H-1,2-dithiin, 2-vinyl-4H-1,3-dithiin, and diallyl disulfide were isolated from the mixture of transformation products of allicin under the influence of microwaves in methanol at55∘C, which is according to kinetic parameters (highest values of the order of reaction and the lowest activation energy) the optimal method.

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32

Negmatova, Kamola, Abdusattor Daminov, Abdusalam Umarov, and Nodira Аbed. "Synthesis of diamonds in the C – Mn - Ni - (H) system and the diamond-shaped mechanism." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126405003.

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Studying the dependence of the degree (α) and rate (ϑ) of the phase transformation of graphite into diamond on the synthesis time at different temperatures of the developed synthetic diamonds using the technology of high-pressure high-temperature synthesis in a metal melt (HPHT), we determined the critical mass of diamonds, which indicates the entry of the system into the stability region of graphite, where the graphitization of diamonds occurs. The role of implanted metals and hydrogen in the formation of synthetic diamonds and on its properties was also investigated.

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33

Chen, Xiaolan, Jian Han, Yan Zhu, Chunchen Yuan, Jingyu Zhang, and Yingsheng Zhao. "Transformation of masked benzyl alcohols to o-aminobenzaldehydes through C–H activation: a facile approach to quinazolines." Chemical Communications 52, no. 67 (2016): 10241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc05560e.

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34

Kang, Minkyu, Minjun Bae, Sumin Park, Hwichan Hong, Taehyun Yoo, Yonghwan Kim, Myeongseok Jang, Young-Seok Kim, and Yuanzhe Piao. "Facile and scaleable transformation of Cu nanoparticles into high aspect ratio Cu oxide nanowires in methanol." RSC Advances 12, no. 18 (2022): 11526–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra00510g.

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35

Pieczara, Gabriela, Maciej Manecki, Grzegorz Rzepa, Olaf Borkiewicz, and Adam Gaweł. "Thermal Stability and Decomposition Products of P-Doped Ferrihydrite." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 16, 2020): 4113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184113.

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This work aimed to determine the effect of various amounts of P admixtures in synthetic ferrihydrite on its thermal stability, transformation processes, and the properties of the products, at a broad range of temperatures up to 1000 °C. A detailed study was conducted using a series of synthetic ferrihydrites Fe5HO8·4H2O doped with phosphates at P/Fe molar ratios of 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0. Ferrihydrite was synthesized by a reaction of Fe2(SO4)3 with 1 M KOH at room temperature in the presence of K2HPO4 at pH 8.2. The products of the synthesis and the products of heating were characterized at various stages of transformation by using differential thermal analysis accompanied with X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Coprecipitation of P with ferrihydrite results in the formation of P-doped 2-line ferrihydrite. A high P content reduces crystallinity. Phosphate significantly inhibits the thermal transformation processes. The temperature of thermal transformation increases from below 550 to 710–750 °C. Formation of intermediate maghemite and Fe-phosphates, is observed. The product of heating up to 1000 °C contains hematite associated with rodolicoite FePO4 and grattarolaite Fe3PO7. Higher P content greatly increases the thermal stability and transformation temperature of rodolicoite as well.

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36

Mattalia, Jean-Marc R. "The reductive decyanation reaction: an overview and recent developments." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 13 (February 13, 2017): 267–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.13.30.

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This review presents an overview of the reductive decyanation reaction with a special interest for recent developments. This transformation allows synthetic chemists to take advantages of the nitrile functional group before its removal. Mechanistic details and applications to organic synthesis are provided.

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37

Knapp, Josef, Alexander Paulus, Carlos Lopez, and Thomas F. Eibert. "Comparison of non-convex cost functionals for the consideration of phase differences in phaseless near-field far-field transformations of measured antenna fields." Advances in Radio Science 15 (September 21, 2017): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-15-11-2017.

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Abstract. This work introduces two methods which extend the non-convex minimization problem arising in phaseless (NF) far-field (FF) transformations. With the new extensions, knowledge about phase differences between measurement points can be incorporated into the minimization problem. The additional information helps to avoid stationary points of the minimization cost functional which would otherwise compromise the result of the near-field far-field transformation. The methods are incorporated into the Fast Irregular Antenna Field Transformation Algorithm (FIAFTA), analyzed and compared. Their effectiveness is shown by transforming synthetic near-field data sets with partial knowledge of phase differences to the far-field.

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38

Du, Ke-Si, and Jing-Mei Huang. "Electrochemical dehydrogenation of hydrazines to azo compounds." Green Chemistry 21, no. 7 (2019): 1680–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9gc00515c.

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A strategy for the electrochemical dehydrogenation of hydrazine compounds is disclosed under ambient conditions. Its synthetic value is well demonstrated by the highly efficient synthesis of symmetric and unsymmetric azo compounds. It is an environmentally friendly transformation and the present protocol was effective on a large scale.

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39

Chernov, S. V., E. E. Shul’ts, M. M. Shakirov, and G. A. Tolstikov. "Synthetic transformations of higher terpenoids: XII. Transformation of lambertianic acid into 14,16-epoxyabietane diterpenoids." Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry 42, no. 1 (January 2006): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070428006010064.

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40

Sharma, Sumit Kumar, Swati Mamgain, Burhanuddin Attarwala, and Aswani Yella. "ZnX2 mediated post-synthetic transformation of zero dimensional Cs4PbBr6 nanocrystals for opto-electronic applications." Nanoscale Advances 1, no. 7 (2019): 2502–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9na00244h.

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Herein we demonstrate a facile approach for the synthesis of all inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystal composites CsPbX₃ (X = Cl, Br, I) with high quantum yield by post-synthetic modulation of zero dimensional Cs₄PbBr₆ nanocrystals with ZnX₂ salts.

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41

Jones, Lyn H., Nicholas W. Summerhill, Nigel A. Swain, and James E. Mills. "Aromatic chloride to nitrile transformation: medicinal and synthetic chemistry." MedChemComm 1, no. 5 (2010): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0md00135j.

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42

Dominguez-Huerta, Alejandra, Xi-Jie Dai, Feng Zhou, Pierre Querard, Zihang Qiu, Sosthene Ung, Wenbo Liu, Jianbin Li, and Chao-Jun Li. "Exploration of new reaction tools for late-stage functionalization of complex chemicals." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 97, no. 2 (February 2019): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2018-0357.

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Chemistry has always had as a target the conversion of molecules into valuable materials. Nevertheless, the aim of past synthesis has primarily focused on achieving a given transformation, regardless of the environmental impact of the synthetic route. Given the current global situation, the demand for sustainable alternatives has substantially increased. Our group focuses on developing selective chemical transformations that benefit from mild conditions, improved atom economy, and that can make use of renewable feedstocks as starting materials. This account summarizes our work over the past two decades specifically regarding the selective removal, conversion, and addition of functional groups that can, later on, be applied at a late stage for the modification of complex molecules.

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43

Sukdolak, S., S. Solujic-Sukdolak, and Lj Krstic. "Microbiological transformation of a synthetic benzofurane type lactone." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 65, no. 2 (2000): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0002103s.

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The aim of this work was the investigation of the biotransformation ability of a synthetic benzofurane type g-lactone. This work was based on the microbiological reactions of Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus mycoides, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pseudomonas glicinea and Pseudomonas fluorescens to obtain new active derivatives. Four biotransformation products were determined. The lactone was used for two purposes, as an additive for the nutrient substrate and as a source of organic carbon.

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44

Chandra, U., G. Parthasarathy, and P. Sharma. "SYNTHETIC CUBANITE CuFe2S3: PRESSURE-INDUCED TRANSFORMATION TO ISOCUBANITE." Canadian Mineralogist 48, no. 5 (October 1, 2010): 1137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3749/canmin.48.5.1137.

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45

Lee, Jintae, and Henrik Pedersen. "Stable Genetic Transformation ofEschscholziaCalifornicaExpressing Synthetic Green Fluorescent Proteins." Biotechnology Progress 17, no. 2 (2001): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bp010003v.

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46

Ghaemmaghami, Sina, Joel C. Watts, Hoang-Oanh Nguyen, Shigenari Hayashi, Stephen J. DeArmond, and Stanley B. Prusiner. "Conformational Transformation and Selection of Synthetic Prion Strains." Journal of Molecular Biology 413, no. 3 (October 2011): 527–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2011.07.021.

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47

Kumpulainen, S., M. L. Räisänen, F. Von Der Kammer, and T. Hofmann. "Ageing of synthetic and natural schwertmannites at pH 2—8." Clay Minerals 43, no. 3 (September 2008): 437–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2008.043.3.08.

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AbstractThe transformation of schwertmannite to goethite was studied by ageing one synthetic and five natural schwertmannites in water at room temperature. Additionally, one synthetic and two natural schwertmannites were kept at variable pH (2, 4, 6 and 8). After one year, only the synthetic sample and one natural schwertmannite had transformed to goethite. However, the oxalate solubility of Fe and trace elements in all the samples decreased, whereas the total Fe/S ratios and specific surface areas of all samples increased. Arsenic and organic matter appeared to suppress the schwertmannite-to-goethite phase transformation. At pH 2, synthetic schwertmannite fully-transformed to goethite, but at pH 4–6 only minor transformation occurred. Depending on pH, many trace elements were released into solution during ageing of the natural schwertmannites. In general, Co, Mn, Zn and Si were released to solution, whereas As was enriched in the remaining iron oxide fraction. Al was dissolved at pH <4.

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48

Mou, Chung-Yuan, and Hong-Ping Lin. "Control of morphology in synthesizing mesoporous silica." Pure and Applied Chemistry 72, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2000): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200072010137.

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Mesoporous silica can be synthesized by either the alkaline route or the acidic route, both using surfactants as templates. Morphological transformations of mesoporous silica can produce various hierarchical orders. Different morphologies are produced under different synthetic conditions. In the alkaline route, the surfactant/silicate liquid crystal system undergoes phase transformation to form vesicles and further transforms to the hexagonal phase. The results are tubule-within-tubule and hollow pillar-within-sphere structures depending on cosurfactant/surfactant composition. Using nitric acid in the acidic route, one can obtain hierarchical ropes or gyroids depending on stirring conditions. Ammonia hydrothermal treatment can induce further morphological transformation to nanotubes of mesoporous silica.

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Daniels, Peter, Bernd Wunder, Kurt Sahl, and Werner Schreyer. "Changing lattice metrics of synthetic cordierites: The metastable hexagonal to orthorhombic transformation sequence during isothermal annealing." European Journal of Mineralogy 6, no. 3 (June 7, 1994): 323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/6/3/0323.

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50

Kalhapure, Vijay, Dhananjay Magar, Nishant Kothalkar, Tushar Khaladkar, and Abhijit Roychowdhury. "Synthesis of Substituted imidazo [1, 5-a] pyrimidine-2-(1H)-one Core Structure." Current Organic Synthesis 17, no. 1 (February 24, 2020): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389200220666191122103445.

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Background and Objective: The objective of our work was to establish a facile and scalable synthesis of imidazopyridone for further use in medicinal chemistry applications. An easy synthesis of a core scaffold will enable the medicinal chemistry community to use imidazopyridone as a privileged scaffold in new chemical entity (NCE) synthesis. Materials and Methods: The synthesis was achieved from commercially available and cheap raw materials like amino acetonitrile hydrochloride or commercially available guanidine. Results: Simple transformation starting from amino acetonitrile hydrochloride leads to the synthesis of a versatile imidazo [1, 5-a] pyrimidine-2-(1H)-one core structure. Using suitable functionalized starting materials, a set of NCEs were synthesized to demonstrate the application of the developed synthetic scheme. Similarly, guanidine was also used to synthesize a regioisomer of imidazopyridone in moderate to good yields. Conclusion: We demonstrate the synthesis of two different regio-isomers of imidazopyrimidinone using simple chemical transformations. Its application in synthesizing NCEs has also been exhibited in the present work.

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