Academic literature on the topic 'Synthetic products Recycling'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Synthetic products Recycling.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Synthetic products Recycling"
1
Wojnowska-Baryła, Irena, Katarzyna Bernat, and Magdalena Zaborowska. "Strategies of Recovery and Organic Recycling Used in Textile Waste Management." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10 (May 11, 2022): 5859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105859.
Full textAbstract:
Post-consumer bio-based textile wastes are any type of garment or household article made from manufactured bio-based textiles that the owner no longer needs and decides to discard. According to the hierarchy of waste management, post-consumer textile waste should be organically recycled. However, there is still a problem with the implementation of selective collection of textile waste followed by sorting, which would prepare the waste for organic recycling. A technically achievable strategy for sorted textile waste materials consisting of only one type of fiber material, multi-material textiles are a problem for recycling purposes. Waste textiles are composed of different materials, including natural as well as synthetic non-cellulosic fibers, making bioprocessing difficult. Various strategies for recovery of valuable polymers or monomers from textile waste, including concentrated and dilute acid hydrolysis, ionic liquids as well as enzymatic hydrolysis, have been discussed. One possible process for fiber recycling is fiber recovery. Fiber reclamation is extraction of fibers from textile waste and their reuse. To ensure that organic recycling is effective and that the degradation products of textile waste do not limit the quality and quantity of organic recycling products, bio-based textile waste should be biodegradable and compostable. Although waste textiles comprising a synthetic polymers fractions are considered a threat to the environment. However, their biodegradable part has great potential for production of biological products (e.g., ethanol and biogas, enzyme synthesis). A bio-based textile waste management system should promote the development and application of novel recycling techniques, such as further development of biochemical recycling processes and the textile waste should be preceded by recovery of non-biodegradable polymers to avoid contaminating the bioproducts with nano and microplastics.
2
Yankova, Hristiyana. "Bio and Eco Products." Vocational Education 23, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/voc21.17bio.
Full textAbstract:
In this article (topic) we will consider how bio and eco products are produced and why they are important part of our food chain. The organic farming represents a sistem for producing agricultural products, that serves the reconstruction and recycling of the natural resources. This kind of manufacture is saving the environment, because it’s forbidden the usage of synthetic pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, growth regulators and genetically modified organisms, antibiotics and hormones. In the field of animal husbandry the organic farming lays on the natural way of nurturing animals. Foods from plant and animal origin are called organic, when they’re produced by a person who has certificate for organic manufacturing, when following the rules for organic manufacturing and performing control.
3
Milosavljevic, Milutin, Ivan Vukicevic, Sasa Drmanic, Jasmina Nikolic, Aleksandar Marinkovic, Sanja Krstic, and Slobodan Petrovic. "Simple one-pot synthesis of thioureas from amine, carbon disulfide and oxidants in water." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 81, no. 3 (2016): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc150831087m.
Full textAbstract:
The present study reports the new facile methodology for synthesis of symmetrical and asymmetrical thioureas by an one-pot reaction of amine, carbon disulfide and oxidants: hydrogen peroxide, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)/sodium percarbonate system or air. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H and 13C NMR and MS methods. Reaction mechanism has been proposed on the basis of reaction intermediate isolation and their structure determination. The synthetic benefits of the presented methods is reflected in the operational simplicity, mild reaction conditions, short reaction times, recycling of solvent, high purity and yield of products, absence of dangerous by-products and technological applicability at industrial scale. Considering commercial importance of the thioureas, it can be emphasized that implementation of the optimal synthesis of thiourea, based on presented methods, at industrial level of production would provide concurrent alternative to existing technologies in use.
4
Shi, Junjie, Chao Peng, Min Chen, Yun Li, Hurman Eric, Lassi Klemettinen, Mari Lundström, Pekka Taskinen, and Ari Jokilaakso. "Sulfation Roasting Mechanism for Spent Lithium-Ion Battery Metal Oxides Under SO2-O2-Ar Atmosphere." JOM 71, no. 12 (September 25, 2019): 4473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03800-5.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Sulfation roasting followed by water leaching has been proposed as an alternative route for recycling valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In the present work, the reaction mechanism of the sulfation roasting of synthetic LiCoO2 was investigated by both thermodynamic calculations and roasting experiments under flowing 10% SO2-1% O2-89% Ar gas atmosphere at 700°C. The products and microstructural evolution processes were characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer, and atomic absorption spectroscopy. It was confirmed that Co3O4 was formed as an intermedia product, and the final roasted products were composed by Li2SO4, Li2Co(SO4)2, and CoO. The leaching results indicated that 99.5% Li and 17.4% Co could be recovered into water after 120 min of roasting. The present results will provide the basis and solid guidelines for recycling of Li and Co from spent LIBs.
5
Genêt, Jean-Pierre, Sylvain Darses, and Véronique Michelet. "Organometallic catalysts in synthetic organic chemistry: From reactions in aqueous media to gold catalysis." Pure and Applied Chemistry 80, no. 5 (January 1, 2008): 831–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200880050831.
Full textAbstract:
Water has attracted significant attention as an alternative solvent for transition-metal-catalyzed reactions. The use of water as solvent allows simplified procedures for separation of the catalyst from the products and recycling of the catalyst. Water is an inexpensive reagent for the formation of oxygen-containing products such as alcohols. The use of water as a medium for promoting organometallic and organic reactions is also of great potential. This chapter will focus on old and recent developments in the design and applications of some catalytic reactions using aqueous-phase Pd, Rh, Pt, and Au complexes.
6
Zimmermann, Wolfgang. "Biocatalytic recycling of polyethylene terephthalate plastic." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, no. 2176 (July 6, 2020): 20190273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0273.
Full textAbstract:
The global production of plastics made from non-renewable fossil feedstocks has grown more than 20-fold since 1964. While more than eight billion tons of plastics have been produced until today, only a small fraction is currently collected for recycling and large amounts of plastic waste are ending up in landfills and in the oceans. Pollution caused by accumulating plastic waste in the environment has become worldwide a serious problem. Synthetic polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) have widespread use in food packaging materials, beverage bottles, coatings and fibres. Recently, it has been shown that post-consumer PET can be hydrolysed by microbial enzymes at mild reaction conditions in aqueous media. In a circular plastics economy, the resulting monomers can be recovered and re-used to manufacture PET products or other chemicals without depleting fossil feedstocks and damaging the environment. The enzymatic degradation of post-consumer plastics thereby represents an innovative, environmentally benign and sustainable alternative to conventional recycling processes. By the construction of powerful biocatalysts employing protein engineering techniques, a biocatalytic recycling of PET can be further developed towards industrial applications. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Science to enable the circular economy’.
7
Capeness, Michael J., and Louise E. Horsfall. "Synthetic biology approaches towards the recycling of metals from the environment." Biochemical Society Transactions 48, no. 4 (July 6, 2020): 1367–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20190837.
Full textAbstract:
Metals are a finite resource and their demand for use within existing and new technologies means metal scarcity is increasingly a global challenge. Conversely, there are areas containing such high levels of metal pollution that they are hazardous to life, and there is loss of material at every stage of the lifecycle of metals and their products. While traditional resource extraction methods are becoming less cost effective, due to a lowering quality of ore, industrial practices have begun turning to newer technologies to tap into metal resources currently locked up in contaminated land or lost in the extraction and manufacturing processes. One such technology uses biology for the remediation of metals, simultaneously extracting resources, decontaminating land, and reducing waste. Using biology for the identification and recovery of metals is considered a much ‘greener’ alternative to that of chemical methods, and this approach is about to undergo a renaissance thanks to synthetic biology. Synthetic biology couples molecular genetics with traditional engineering principles, incorporating a modular and standardised practice into the assembly of genetic parts. This has allowed the use of non-model organisms in place of the normal laboratory strains, as well as the adaption of environmentally sourced genetic material to standardised parts and practices. While synthetic biology is revolutionising the genetic capability of standard model organisms, there has been limited incursion into current practices for the biological recovery of metals from environmental sources. This mini-review will focus on some of the areas that have potential roles to play in these processes.
8
Leitner, Walter. "Recent advances in catalyst immobilization using supercritical carbon dioxide." Pure and Applied Chemistry 76, no. 3 (January 1, 2004): 635–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200476030635.
Full textAbstract:
Homogeneous organometallic catalysts have a great potential for the development of sustainable synthetic processes. There is, however, an urgent need for the development of new techniques to separate products and catalysts efficiently, allowing for recycling and reuse of the precious catalyst. The unique solvent properties of supercritical carbon dioxide offer new approaches for the immobilization of organometallic catalysts, many of which are suitable for efficient continuous-flow operation. Recent research in this field tries to combine the molecular nature of organometallic catalysts with the reaction-engineering aspect of multiphase catalysis.
9
Čabalová, Iveta, Aleš Ház, Jozef Krilek, Tatiana Bubeníková, Ján Melicherčík, and Tomáš Kuvik. "Recycling of Wastes Plastics and Tires from Automotive Industry." Polymers 13, no. 13 (July 3, 2021): 2210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13132210.
Full textAbstract:
Waste tires (granulate) and selected plastics from the automotive industry were evaluated by using the tertiary (pyrolysis) and quaternary (calorimetry) recovering. Pyrolysis is proving to be an environmentally friendly alternative to incineration and inefficient landfilling. Currently, the main challenges for pyrolysis of plastic waste are unavailability and inconsistent quality of feedstock, inefficient and hence costly sorting, and last but not least insufficient regulations around plastic waste management. Waste plastics and tire materials were characterized by TG/DTG analysis, Py-GC/MS analysis and calorimetry. TG analysis of the investigated materials gives the typical decomposition curves of synthetic polymers. The tested samples had the highest rate of weight loss process in the temperature range from 375 °C to 480 °C. Analytical pyrolysis of the tested polymers provided information on a wide variety of organic compounds that were released upon thermal loading of these materials without access to oxygen. Analytical pyrolysis offers valuable information on the spectrum of degradation products and their potential uses. Based on the results of calorimetry, it can be stated that the determined calorific value of selected plastic and rubber materials was ranging from 26.261 to 45.245 MJ/kg depending on the ash content and its composition.
10
Pateiro, Mirian, Julián Andrés Gómez-Salazar, Mariana Jaime-Patlán, María Elena Sosa-Morales, and José M. Lorenzo. "Plant Extracts Obtained with Green Solvents as Natural Antioxidants in Fresh Meat Products." Antioxidants 10, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020181.
Full textAbstract:
Plants are rich in bioactive compounds (BACs), mainly polyphenols, which are valuable choices to replace synthetic antioxidants in meat products. These natural antioxidants from plants, in the form of extracts and essential oils (EOs), have been obtained from different sources such as fruits (dragon fruit, guarana, pomegranate), vegetables, (cabbage, onion), herbs, and spices (epazote, ginger, rosemary, sage, thyme, turmeric, winter savory) by several extraction processes. However, in the context of current directives there is a notable incentive for “green” solvents to replace organic ones and conventional techniques, in order to avoid harm to the environment, operator, and consumer health. In addition, the recycling of co-products from the processing of these plant materials allow us to obtain valuable BACs from under-exploited materials, contributing to the revalorization of these wastes. The resulting extracts allow us to maintain the quality of meat products, exhibiting similar or better antioxidant properties compared to those shown by synthetic ones. Their incorporation in fresh meat products would maintain the oxidative stability, stabilizing colour parameters, decreasing the formation of metmyoglobin, lipid, and protein oxidation and the generation of lipid-derived volatile compounds, without affecting sensory attributes. In addition, these novel ingredients contribute to improve both technological and functional characteristics, thus diversifying the offer of so-called “wellness foods”. In this review, the application of plant extracts as natural antioxidants in several fresh meat products is presented, showing their efficacy as scavenging radicals and imparting additional health benefits.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Synthetic products Recycling"
1
Paul, Vimla. "Synthesis and characterization of a biocomposite derived from banana plants (Musa cavendish)." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1286.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry, Durban University of Technology. Durban, South Africa, 2015.Over decades synthetic composites have become an indispensable part of our lives with their various applications such as packaging, sporting equipment, agriculture, consumer products, medical applications, building materials, automotive industry, and aerospace materials among others. Although these polymers have the desired properties for the above applications, they are invariably costly. Furthermore, they cannot be easily disposed of at the end of their useful lives and simply pile up and cause significant damage to the environment. However, the dwindling supply of fossil fuel, increased oil prices, together with the growing public concern of greenhouse gas emissions and global warming, has forced scientists to search for new development of sustainable materials from renewable resources. Hence in recent years, there is an increased interest in biocomposite manufacturing with natural resources as environmental issues are addressed. The research work presented in this dissertation is to the best of the author’s knowledge a world-first overall investigation pertaining to the concept of synthesizing a banana sap based bio-resin (BSM) reinforced with banana fibres. In this work the chemical composition of banana sap was determined to investigate the chemical reactions taking place in the resin formulation. BSM was synthesized, characterized and proposed as a potential bio-resin to be used in the biocomposite manufacture for non-functional motor vehicle components. BSM, a hybrid bio-resin was synthesized with equimolar quantities of maleic anhydride and propylene glycol and 50% banana sap. A control resin without the banana sap was also synthesized for comparison purposes. It was proposed that the presence of sugars, esters and pthalates from the sap, determined by HPLC and GC-MS, contributed to the cross-linking of the polymer chain. The acid value and viscosity of BSM were determined and found to be within specification of an industry resin. The molecular weights of the BSM and control resins were 2179 and 2114 units respectively. These were within the required molecular weight of unsaturated polyester resins. The gel and cures times of the BSM were 60% lower than the control resin suggesting that the banana sap behaved as an accelerator for the curing process. The lower cure time meant that using the banana sap in the formulation was cost effective and time saving. The thermal properties of BSM showed improved degradation temperatures and degree of crystallinity compared to the control resin. A parametric study showed that increasing banana sap concentration in the resin formulation led to increased tensile and flexural properties with 50% being the optimum amount of sap to be added to the formulation. The synthesized bio-resin and control resin were applied to biocomposites and characterized in terms of physical, thermal, mechanical, morphological, chemical and biodegradable properties. Mechanical tests indicated a 15 % increase in tensile strength, 12 % improvement in tensile modulus and a 25 % improvement in the flexural modulus, when compared to structures produced without banana sap. Natural fibres present the challenge of poor adhesion to the matrix. Chemical treatment of the banana fibre was done to improve on the compatibility of resin to fibre. Fibre pull-out showed that treated fibres had a better bond than the untreated fibre. Parametric studies were also done to evaluate the effect of fortifying the BSM resin with nanoclay. A 5% clay loading resulted in a 24% increase in tensile strength and 28% increase in flexural properties. Finally biodegradation studies of the BSM bio-resin, BSM biocomposite, control resin and control composite were investigated and compared to a positive reference, cellulose. Results showed that over a period of 55 days the BSM biocomposite showed 17.6% biodegradation compared to 8% with the control composite. No difference in biodegradation between the BSM bio-resin and the control resin was recorded. BSM biocomposite was proposed as a potential replacement to synthetic composites that contribute to the environmental landfill problems. The main contribution of this research is the use of the reinforcement and matrix from the same natural source. An enriched understanding of the synthesis, characterization and performance of the banana sap based bio-resin and biocomposite for the use of non-functional motor vehicle components is the key outcome of this investigation.
Book chapters on the topic "Synthetic products Recycling"
1
Opálková Šišková, Alena, Heba M. Abdallah, Smaher Mosad Elbayomi, and Anita Eckstein Andicsová. "Recycled Synthetic Polymer-Based Electrospun Membranes for Filtering Applications." In Recent Developments in Nanofibers Research [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106683.
Full textAbstract:
Synthetic polymers have been widely applied in various commercial and household applications owing to their fascinating properties of low-cost, lightweight, and processability. However, increasing population and living standards and rising demand for non-biodegradable polymers have led to the accumulation of plastic pollution resulting in the current environmental crisis. Current waste management methods such as landfilling or incineration do not solve these environmental issues. On the other hand, recycling plastic waste is the most valuable strategy for dealing with waste as raw material for high-value products. One of such products is filter membranes. Polymer fiber membranes as masks in pandemics have been one of the most sought-after products in recent years. Some types of plastic waste became a material source for the development of filter materials, which could contribute to the protection of human health. Utilizing the simple, cheap, and industrially available technological solution is also needed. Given the number of advantages, electrospinning is such a beneficial solution. The electrospun polymer waste-based membranes show excellent filtration performance and can carry many other functionalities. Therefore, this review article presents a brief overview of electrospun nanofibrous membranes based on synthetic plastic waste and summarizes the filtration performance of such membranes. This review will discuss the future perspectives of electrospun membranes as well.
2
Muneer, F. "Plastics Versus Bioplastics." In Degradation of Plastics, 193–237. m, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901335-9.
Full textAbstract:
Plastics are polymers of long chain hydrocarbons based on petrochemicals. Due to their physiochemical properties these are almost non-degradable and their complete recycling is impossible. High production rate and less disposal capacities have made plastic environmental pollutant resulting in severe impacts on the health of organisms and destruction of habitats thus effecting the biosphere in different ways. Biodegradation, thermal and catalytic degradation of plastics is widely studied to ensure a sustainable disposal of plastic waste with limited results until the present however, a new field where ecofriendly polymers obtained from natural biomass are used to make materials is flourishing. Bioplastics are polymers derived from biomass such as cellulose, starch, chitin and microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates that have the ability to produce products of daily use that can replace their counter parts made from the synthetic plastics. Bioplastics degrade easily in natural environment and replace the petrochemical based plastic polymers, thus saving the natural environment from plastic pollution and ensuring a sustainable environment.
3
Bulantekin, Özcan, and Duygu Alp. "Development of Food Packaging Films from Microorganism-Generated Polyhydroxyalkanoates." In Food Preservation and Packaging - Recent Process and Technological Advancements [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108802.
Full textAbstract:
Petroleum-based packaging (PBP) materials cause environmental pollution and toxic substance accumulation because they cannot decompose in nature for a long time. To prevent these problems, a wide variety of food packaging materials emerge as alternatives to PBP. Researchers have already discussed how polysaccharides and biopolymer-based nanocomposites are used in the development of food packaging films. This chapter, we will introduce how the microorganism-generated biopolymer, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) to be specific, is used in food packaging. PHAs, have positive social and environmental impact when compared to traditional plastics in terms of production and recycling. Considering that industrial wastes contain high quality polysaccharides, essential oils and proteins, using them in the production of biodegradable packaging will both reduce environmental problems and provide economic gain by reprocessing the wastes into products with higher added value. However, it has some disadvantages in competition with synthetic plastics and applications as biomaterials due to some properties such as poor mechanical properties, high production costs, limited functionality, incompatibility with conventional heat treatment techniques and susceptibility to thermal degradation. In this chapter, we will discuss the future and potential difficulties that may be experienced in the production or dissemination of PHA as a packaging material.
4
Egbuhuzor, Macdenis, Chima Umunankwe, and Peter Ogbobe. "Polyethylenes: A Vital Recyclable Polymer." In Waste Material Recycling in the Circular Economy - Challenges and Developments. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102836.
Full textAbstract:
Polyethylene (PE) is a synthetic polymer made from the polymerization of ethylene. It is the most widely used plastic in the world. Its production, processing, usage, applications, and disposal system had made the study of this plastic very significant. The role played by this plastic in the world has made the knowledge of its usage, disposal system, processing, recycling, and applications inevitable. The chapter discussed the general overview of this plastic product, the production, properties, and disposal systems. The processing of recycled polyethylene is vital in its end-use through collecting, sorting, cleaning, separation, and compounding, and this was extensively treated. We also discussed the opportunities, applications, and limitations of polyethylene recycling. At the end of this chapter, one will know the production, processing, recycling, and applications of polyethylene plastic and the dangers posed by this plastic if a proper disposal system is not followed.
5
Tammemagi, Hans. "Starting from Basics." In The Waste Crisis. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195128987.003.0005.
Full textAbstract:
The landfill has been a child of convenience. Historically, waste was simply dumped in depressions, ravines, and other handy locales that were close to the population centers producing the waste. For centuries this was an acceptable method, but two developments caused serious environmental difficulties with this approach. First, the enormous growth in population resulted in much more garbage being generated, at the same time as land was becoming a scarcer and more valuable resource. Second, the technological and consumer revolution led to the creation of many more hazardous products—particularly synthetic organic substances such as pesticides, PCBs, paint removers, and degreasers, which ultimately wound up in landfills. Landfills grew bigger, and their contents were more toxic than ever before. The child of convenience grew up and turned into an environmental ghoul. Instead of convenience, we need to seek methods of waste disposal that do not impair our environment, use up valuable resources, or place limitations on future resources. Changing engrained habits is not an easy task. We need a revolution that sweeps aside the old ways and introduces new concepts and technologies that are in accord with philosophies that value and protect our environment. Although the gravity of the situation is becoming recognized, and some positive steps—such as streetside recycling programs—are being implemented, there is still an enormous amount to be done. Perhaps we need a different outlook on waste disposal. We should seek disposal technologies and methods that protect the environment; furthermore, these methods must be based on fundamental philosophies that the public understands, agrees with, and buys into. When we seek to redesign waste management, it is important to start with the ultimate objectives firmly in mind. We need goals and a set of rudimentary principles to guide us. Many of us have read a science fiction novel in which a lonely spaceship has been sent to explore a distant galaxy, hundreds of light years away in the farthest reaches of the known universe. Even at hyperspeeds, the spaceship must travel for centuries to reach its destination, requiring several generations of crew to pass their lives aboard the ship.
6
Sun, Jie, Shaolong Wan, Jingdong Lin, and Yong Wang. "Advances in Catalytic Conversion of Syngas to Ethanol and Higher Alcohols." In Petrochemical Catalyst Materials, Processes, and Emerging Technologies, 177–215. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9975-5.ch008.
Full textAbstract:
Ethanol and higher alcohols (C2+OH) have attracted much attention owing to their wide applications. They can be produced from syngas using homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. Although homogeneous catalysts exhibit high productivity and selectivity of C2+OH, difficulties in separating and recycling homogeneous catalysts remain challenging. Among heterogeneous catalysts, Rh-based catalysts show promising higher selectivity of C2+OH. However, prohibitive cost of Rh metal hinders its large-scale application. Non-noble metal based heterogeneous catalysts include modified methanol synthesis catalysts, modified Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis catalysts, and Mo/MoS2-based catalysts. Compared with the modified F-T synthesis catalysts and Mo/MoS2-based catalysts, production of undesired byproducts on modified Cu-based catalysts can be well suppressed. Here, the influences of additives and supports on catalytic activity of modified Cu-based catalysts are discussed. Reaction mechanism and development of novel reactors are also included.
7
Dziike, Farai, Phylis Makurunje, and Refilwe Matshitse. "Biomass Electrospinning: Recycling Materials for Green Economy Applications." In Electrospinning - Material Technology of the Future [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103096.
Full textAbstract:
The development and advancement of electrospinning (ES) presents a unique material technology of the future achieved by fabricating novel nanofibrous materials with multifunctional physical (three-dimensional [3D] structure, nanoscalable sizes) and chemical characteristics (functional groups). Advancing the possibility of preparing various classes of novel organic and inorganic electrospun fiber composites with unique features such as polymer alloys, nanoparticles (NPs), active agents, and devices. This feature gives provision for internal access of the setup parameters such as polymer precursor material, polymer concentration, solvent, and the method of fiber collection that consequentially improves the intrinsic control of the construction mechanism of the final nanofibrous architecture. In synthetic electrospinning, the nanofibrous material processing allows for internal control of the electrospinning mechanism and foster chemical crosslinking to generate covalent connections between polymeric fibers. Comparing technologies according to materials of the future revealed that electrospinning supports the formation of micro-scale and in some cases nano-scale fibers while the formation of thin films is facilitated by the electrospraying system. Recent innovations point to various biomass waste streams that may be used as an alternative source of polymeric materials for application in electrospinning to produce materials for the future.
8
Lambert, Tristan H. "Synthesis and Reactions of Alkenes." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190200794.003.0032.
Full textAbstract:
Christine L. Willis and Varinder K. Aggarwal at the University of Bristol have developed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 12444) a procedure for the diastereodivergent synthesis of trisubstituted alkenes via the protodeboronation of allylic boronates, such as in the conversion of 1 to either 2 or 3. An alternative approach to the stereoselective synthesis of trisubstituted alkenes involving the reduction of the allylic C–O bond of cyclic allylic ethers (e.g., 4 to 5) was reported (Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 7844) by Jon T. Njardarson at the University of Arizona. A novel synthesis of allylamines was developed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 20613) by Hanmin Huang at the Chinese Academy of Sciences with the Pd(II)-catalyzed vinylation of styrenes with aminals (e.g. 6 + 7 to 8). Eun Jin Cho at Hanyang University showed (J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 11383) that alkenes such as 9 could be trifluoromethylated with iodotrifluoromethane under visible light photoredox catalysis. David A. Nicewicz at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill developed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 18577) a photoredox procedure for the anti-Markovnikov hydroetherification of alkenols such as 11, using the acridinium salt 12 in the presence of phenylmalononitrile (13). A unique example of “catalysis through temporary intramolecularity” was reported (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 16571) by André M. Beauchemin at the University of Ottawa with the formaldehyde-catalyzed Cope-type hydroamination of allyl amine 15 to produce the diamine 16. A free radical hydrofluorination of unactivated alkenes, including those bearing complex functionality such as 17, was developed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 13588) by Dale L. Boger at Scripps, La Jolla. Jennifer M. Schomaker at the University of Wisconsin at Madison reported (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 16131) the copper-catalyzed conversion of bromostyrene 19 to 20 in what was termed an activating group recycling strategy. A rhodium complex 23 that incorporates a new chiral cyclopentadienyl ligand was developed (Science 2012, 338, 504) by Nicolai Cramer at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne and was shown to promote the enantioselective merger of hydroxamic acid derivative 21 and styrene 22 to produce 24.
9
Cakmakli, Aysem Berrin. "Environmental Analysis of Construction Materials." In Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering, 90–110. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9754-4.ch004.
Full textAbstract:
There is a growing universal awareness of protecting the living and non-living environment and making enlightened decisions to achieve a sustainable development without destruction of the natural resources. In this point of view, selecting building materials according to their energy and health performances gains importance in sustainable design. 3Rs (reducing, reusing, recycling), and supplying a healthy, non-hazardous indoor air for building occupants are two important parameters of environmental life-cycle assessment for materials. Information on exposure to gases and vapors from synthetic materials made from petrochemicals, to heavy metals and pesticides, and to some combustion pollutants that cause acid rain should be determined by analyzing environmental product declarations or material specifications. After studying on building materials individually, they are analyzed in the form of tables for four different stages; manufacturing, application, usage, demolition phase. Consequently, this chapter can guide the designer and engineer to think on the elements of design and construction activity.
10
Cakmakli, Aysem Berrin. "Environmental Analysis of Construction Materials." In Research Anthology on Environmental and Societal Well-Being Considerations in Buildings and Architecture, 418–38. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9032-4.ch019.
Full textAbstract:
There is a growing universal awareness of protecting the living and non-living environment and making enlightened decisions to achieve a sustainable development without destruction of the natural resources. In this point of view, selecting building materials according to their energy and health performances gains importance in sustainable design. 3Rs (reducing, reusing, recycling), and supplying a healthy, non-hazardous indoor air for building occupants are two important parameters of environmental life-cycle assessment for materials. Information on exposure to gases and vapors from synthetic materials made from petrochemicals, to heavy metals and pesticides, and to some combustion pollutants that cause acid rain should be determined by analyzing environmental product declarations or material specifications. After studying on building materials individually, they are analyzed in the form of tables for four different stages; manufacturing, application, usage, demolition phase. Consequently, this chapter can guide the designer and engineer to think on the elements of design and construction activity.
Conference papers on the topic "Synthetic products Recycling"
1
Agee, Mark A. "Gas to Liquids (GTL) Conversion: A New Option for Monetizing Natural Gas." In ASME 1997 Turbo Asia Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-aa-055.
Full textAbstract:
A new process for converting natural gas into liquid fuels and other petroleum products is described, as is the increased market opportunity this technology portends for gas turbine manufacturers. The GTL technology, developed by Syntroleum Corporation, utilizes Autothermal Reforming with air to produce a nitrogen-diluted synthesis gas having a near ideal ratio for converting into synthetic hydrocarbons via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. A proprietary catalyst system achieves conversion rates comparable to conventional F-T processes without the need for recycling. This results in plant capital costs low enough to make conversion of remote and/or sub-quality gas into synthetic fuels economical at current oil prices. The process is energy self-sufficient and compact enough to be constructed in small sizes for plants in remote areas, including floating or platform facilities to utilize offshore gas reserves. It can also be scaled up for 50,000 BPD or larger applications.
2
Berahim, Nor Hafizah, and Akbar Abu Seman. "CO2 Utilization: Converting Waste into Valuable Products." In SPE Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210729-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), which includes conversion to valuable products, is a complex modern issue with many perspectives. In recent years, the idea of using carbon dioxide (CO2) as a feedstock for synthetic applications in the chemical and fuel sectors via reduction reactions has piqued interest. If the hydrogen is created using a renewable energy source, catalytic CO2 hydrogenation is the most viable and appealing alternative among the existing CO2-recycling solutions. CO2 hydrogenation has many chemical paths depending on the catalyst, and multiple value-added hydrocarbons can be generated. This research looks into a catalyst development for converting high CO2 gas field into methane and alcohols. The study focused on catalytic conversion of CO2 to methane over Ru based catalyst while in the case of alcohols using Cu based catalyst. Both catalysts were synthesized via impregnation techniques where the aqueous precursors’ solution were impregnated on the oxide supports, stirred, filtered and washed. The samples were then dried, ground and calcined. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using various analytical techniques (e.g., TPR, FESEM, N2 adsorption-desorption, XRD) for their physicochemical properties. The catalytic performance in CO2 hydrogenation was performed using a fixed bed reactor at various factors such as temperature, pressure, feed gas ratio and space velocity. The experimental findings indicate that conversion of CO2 to methane over Ru based catalyst resulted in >84% CO2 conversion with 99% methane selectivity in the range of temperature 280 – 320 °C and at atmospheric pressure. In the case of hydrogenation of CO2 to alcohols, the catalytic performance of Cu based catalyst exhibited CO2 conversion of >11% and selectivity towards alcohols, C1 and C2, both at 4% with reaction temperature of 250 °C and pressure 30 bar. These findings revealed that methane could easily be formed from CO2 as compared to alcohol. However, both technology conversions are dependent on the catalyst selection and its’ activity. Process parameters need to be optimized to maximize targeted product formation and suppress the side products.
3
Priya, Lakshmi, and Arulmozhi A. "Bio coating as an alternate for wax coating for food grade paper boards." In 11th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p7.
Full textAbstract:
1.45 million tons of paraffin wax-coated boxes of used products enter landfills every year, and 4.5 million metric tons of carbon dioxide is released during the recycling process. Therefore, the goal of the research is to find out an alternative to the synthetic wax coating seen on food product cartons. This research uses natural coating materials that are more effective than synthetic coating materials, such as hibiscus, gum Arabic, and turmeric. The natural antibacterial herb turmeric's curcumin is extracted using ethonal, and then heating is used to create the hibiscus extract. Three layers are coated on the package: the first layer is curcumin, which serves as the package's antimicrobial coating; the second layer is gum Arabic, which serves as a binder to hold the third layer of hibiscus. These two layers serve as a barrier on the packaging, and then the hibiscus extract gel is applied over them. Using a spray gun, these three coats are applied to the packaging. The method used to dry the coatings is air or sun drying. The test findings are assessed for the burst strength, burst factor, moisture content, smoothness, calliper thickness, and micropsoic analyses of the wax coated and bio coated carton samples.
4
Gregor-Svetec, Diana, and Tadeja Šumrada. "Packaging paper coated with PLA." In 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design,, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p33.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays, eco-design of products is becoming one of the most important directions at packaging development. Efficient use of materials, use of materials from renewable sources, design for recycling and reuse are especially important. In our research, we were interested in the development of sustainable, biodegradable protective paper packaging. In order to make packaging resistant against water, paper was coated with a biodegradable biopolymer, instead of using synthetic polymer. The base packaging paper was coated with a PLA solution, which was obtained by dissolving PLA pellets in dichloromethane. Two different concentrations were used. Technological and surface properties of coated paper were determined. The results of analyses have shown that sustainable packaging paper with good surface properties and barrier against water can be obtained by coating it with a PLA solution. Comparison with a commercial packaging paper has shown, that for PLA coated paper even higher water resistance was obtained.
5
Popeney, Chris, Kellen Harkness, Laura Copeland, Jesse Lee, and Dmitry Usoltsev. "Revamping Polymer Architecture for Optimized Fracturing Fluids in Fresh and Produced Water." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22434-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The presence of extensive tight oil reserves in regions with scarce or intermittent supply of ground or surface freshwater resources underscores the importance of water reduction, reuse, and recycling strategies to ensure the sustainability of hydraulic fracturing. Currently, the advantages of using synthetic high viscosity friction reducers (HVFRs) does not extend to fluids composed of high salinity produced water or wastewater because these products cannot transport proppant effectively under such conditions. The use of a new fully synthetic polymer architecture bearing interchain association is described which provides a significant increase in brine tolerance and fluid rheology, giving rise to effective proppant transport and friction reduction in water salinity exceeding 200,000 TDS. Two variations of the polymer architecture are described: a product that operates effectively in fluid below 100,000 TDS such as seawater (SW-HVFR) and a second high brine product that works in all fluids up to and above 200,000 TDS (HB-HVFR). Proppant transport was studied dynamically using a slot flow apparatus, which demonstrated performance with the new system that exceeded guar and greatly exceeded other conventional HVFRs at equivalent polymer loadings. Slot flow results indicated consistent transport performance throughout the salinity range investigated by proper selection of SW-HVFR and HB-HVFR. Although high shear viscosity of the new polymers was inferior to that of guar, advanced rheological studiesindicated that the superior performance was due to enhanced viscosity and unusually high elasticity of the derived fluids within the relevant shear rate range between 1 and 100 s−1. In addition, anomalous dependence of viscosity on temperature is described, featuring a viscosity maximum above ambient temperature. This unusual rheology behavior was attributed to the associative polymer architecture of the new system. The new HVFRs exhibit effective friction reduction within their intended salinity ranges as well as good tolerance toward biocides and clay control agents. Furthermore, the operational salinity range of SW-HVFR can be extended up to 200,000 TDS in the presence of certain production enhancement aids due to a synergistic effect on the polymer dissolution rate. Lastly, bottle testing indicated that the polymers are effectively broken by common oxidative breakers, enabling their flowback. These results demonstrate the flexibility of the new HVFR system to make total fluids utilizing any water source, enabling sustainable fracturing in a variety of situations.
6
Sane, Chinmay, and Conrad S. Tucker. "Product Resynthesis as a Reverse Logistics Strategy for an Optimal Closed-Loop Supply Chain." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12587.
Full textAbstract:
With continued emphasis on sustainability-driven design, reverse logistics is emerging as a vital competitive supply chain strategy for many of the global high-tech manufacturing firms. Various original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and multi-product manufacturing firms are enhancing their reverse logistics strategies in order to establish an optimal closed-loop supply chain through which they can introduce refurbished variants of their products back into the market. While a refurbished product strategy helps to mitigate environmental impact challenges as well as provide additional economic benefits, it is limited to an existing product market, possibly a subset of the existing market, and fails to commercialize/target new markets. In addition to refurbishing, the alternatives available for utilizing End-Of-Life (EOL) products are currently restricted to recycling and permanent disposal. In this work, the authors propose employing a new EOL option called “resynthesis” that utilizes existing waste from EOL products in a novel way. This is achieved through the synthesis of assemblies/subassemblies across multiple domains. The “newly” synthesized product can then be incorporated into the dynamics of a closed-loop supply chain. The proposed methodology enables OEMs to not only offer refurbished products as part of their reverse logistics strategy, but also provide them with resynthesized product concepts that can be used to expand to new/emerging markets. The proposed methodology provides a general framework that includes OEMs (manufacturers of the original product), retailers (distributors of the original product and collectors of the EOL products) and third-party firms (managers of the EOL products) as part of a closed-loop supply chain strategy. The proposed methodology is compared with the existing methodologies in the literature wherein a third-party supplies the OEM only with refurbished products and supplies products unsuitable for refurbishing to another firm(s) for recycling/disposal. A case study involving a multi-product electronics manufacturer is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed methodology.
7
Mandziuk, I., and K. Prisyazhna. "BASE OILS BASES SYNTHESIZED USING TECHNOLOGIES OF RECYCLING WASTE PRODUCTS OF THERMOPLASTICS." In BALTTRIB 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/balttrib.2015.07.
Full textAbstract:
We offer the technology of synthesis of the basic foundations of lubricants from natural raw materials – animal and vegetable fats. The relevance and novelty of the research is to use the technology of recycling polymer waste. This allows adjusting the rheological, physical, mechanical properties of lubricants. We propose a method to estimating the propensity to oxidation of natural fats based rheometric measurements. We studied the efficiency of the various classes of industrial antioxidants.
8
MacDonald, Erin, and Jinjuan She. "Seven Cognitive Concepts for Successful Sustainable Design." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70676.
Full textAbstract:
For the past forty years, social science researchers have studied how to encourage pro-environmental behaviors such as the adoption of recycling programs, water conservation strategies, and purchase of sustainable products. This article presents a synthesis of these research findings as they relate to the design of sustainable products and technologies. Research from environmental psychology, consumer studies, economics, decision sciences, public policy, and behavioral psychology are organized into cognitive concepts that are crucial to the successful purchase and use of sustainable products. The cognitive concepts reviewed are: responsibility, complex decision-making skills, decision heuristics, the altruism-sacrifice link, trust, cognitive dissonance/guilt, and motivation. Product examples are provided to highlight the role of these cognitive concepts in sustainable design. Design recommendations and relevant design methods are discussed. The recommendations require dynamic and on-going coordination between designers, manufacturers, marketers, and government policy-makers to achieve positive changes in individuals’ behaviors. The success of sustainable products depends on the success of this coordination.
9
Bauer, Matthew D., Zahed Siddique, and David W. Rosen. "A Virtual Prototyping System for Design for Assembly, Disassembly, and Service." In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/cie-5539.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Design for the life cycle practices enable the improvement of a product’s recycling, disassembly, and service characteristics, to name a few. In this paper, an approach to virtual prototyping is presented that supports product Design For Assembly, Disassembly, and Service (DFADS). The VP-DFADS system enables a designer to construct a product model, to interactively simulate an assembly, disassembly, or service process for that product, and to formulate and solve a simultaneous product/process design problem. Specific research objectives underlying this project include a reduction in VP model construction times, an improvement in information with which designers make DFADS decisions, and the development of a design synthesis method for DFADS. Although automated reasoning and synthesis technologies are outlined, the emphasis in this paper is on the integration of these technologies into the VP-DFADS system and on the usage of the system in supporting DFADS decisions. An application of the VP-DFADS system to automotive center console design illustrates the potential usefulness of the VP-DFADS approach.
10
Paisley, Mark A., and Mark Millspaugh. "A Novel Approach to the Generation of Sustainable Energy From Biomass and Wastes." In 19th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec19-5405.
Full textAbstract:
Recent price increases for various forms of energy along with projected shortages of supply have resulted in renewed interest in alternative fuels. Biomass gasification provides a renewable basis for supplying electric power and also a broad suite of chemicals such as Fisher-Tropsch liquids as well as hydrogen. The Taylor gasification process, being developed by Taylor Biomass Energy is a biomass gasification process that produces a MCV gas. The Taylor gasification process provides improvements over currently available gasification processes by integrating improvements to reduce issues with ash agglomeration and provide in-situ destruction of condensable hydrocarbons (tars), an essential element in gas cleanup. The gas conditioning step integrated into the Taylor Gasification Process provides a unique method to convert the tars into additional synthesis gas and to adjust the composition of the synthesis gas. Taylor Biomass Energy has developed and refined a sorting and recycling process that can produce a clean feedstock for energy recovery from abundant residue materials such as construction and demolition residuals and MSW. The sorting and separating process can then be coupled to the Taylor gasification process to produce clean, sustainable energy. Construction is expected to start in mid 2011 for an integrated combined cycle power system incorporating the Taylor Gasification Process and utilizing biomass feedstocks recovered from municipal solid wastes (MSW) and construction and demolition wastes C&D). The Taylor Recycling Facility, LLC, located approximately 70 miles northwest of New York City in Montgomery, NY, is a leader in C&D and waste wood recycling. The development process including integration with a gas turbine based combined cycle system, connection into the New York ISO, and identification of renewable energy credit options is discussed along with a discussion of the Taylor Gasification Process, its modular design, and implementation into the commercial IGCC system in Montgomery, NY.