Journal articles: 'Synthetic plants'

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Sajid, Moon, Chaitanya N. Channakesavula, Shane R. Stone, and Parwinder Kaur. "Synthetic Biology towards Improved Flavonoid Pharmacokinetics." Biomolecules 11, no. 5 (May 18, 2021): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11050754.

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Flavonoids are a structurally diverse class of natural products that have been found to have a range of beneficial activities in humans. However, the clinical utilisation of these molecules has been limited due to their low solubility, chemical stability, bioavailability and extensive intestinal metabolism in vivo. Recently, the view has been formed that site-specific modification of flavonoids by methylation and/or glycosylation, processes that occur in plants endogenously, can be used to improve and adapt their biophysical and pharmacokinetic properties. The traditional source of flavonoids and their modified forms is from plants and is limited due to the low amounts present in biomass, intrinsic to the nature of secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Access to greater amounts of flavonoids, and understanding of the impact of modifications, requires a rethink in terms of production, more specifically towards the adoption of plant biosynthetic pathways into ex planta synthesis approaches. Advances in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering, aided by protein engineering and machine learning methods, offer attractive and exciting avenues for ex planta flavonoid synthesis. This review seeks to explore the applications of synthetic biology towards the ex planta biosynthesis of flavonoids, and how the natural plant methylation and glycosylation pathways can be harnessed to produce modified flavonoids with more favourable biophysical and pharmacokinetic properties for clinical use. It is envisaged that the development of viable alternative production systems for the synthesis of flavonoids and their methylated and glycosylated forms will help facilitate their greater clinical application.

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Leydon, Alexander R., Hardik P. Gala, Sarah Guiziou, and Jennifer L. Nemhauser. "Engineering Synthetic Signaling in Plants." Annual Review of Plant Biology 71, no. 1 (April 29, 2020): 767–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-081519-035852.

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Synthetic signaling is a branch of synthetic biology that aims to understand native genetic regulatory mechanisms and to use these insights to engineer interventions and devices that achieve specified design parameters. Applying synthetic signaling approaches to plants offers the promise of mitigating the worst effects of climate change and providing a means to engineer crops for entirely novel environments, such as those in space travel. The ability to engineer new traits using synthetic signaling methods will require standardized libraries of biological parts and methods to assemble them; the decoupling of complex processes into simpler subsystems; and mathematical models that can accelerate the design-build-test-learn cycle. The field of plant synthetic signaling is relatively new, but it is poised for rapid advancement. Translation from the laboratory to the field is likely to be slowed, however, by the lack of constructive dialogue between researchers and other stakeholders.

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Gaeta, Robert T., Rick E. Masonbrink, Lakshminarasimhan Krishnaswamy, Changzeng Zhao, and James A. Birchler. "Synthetic Chromosome Platforms in Plants." Annual Review of Plant Biology 63, no. 1 (June 2, 2012): 307–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-042110-103924.

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Chruma, Jason J., Douglas J. Cullen, Lydia Bowman, and Patrick H. Toy. "Polyunsaturated fatty acid amides from the Zanthoxylum genus – from culinary curiosities to probes for chemical biology." Natural Product Reports 35, no. 1 (2018): 54–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7np00044h.

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Kassaw, Tessema K., Alberto J. Donayre-Torres, Mauricio S. Antunes, Kevin J. Morey, and June I. Medford. "Engineering synthetic regulatory circuits in plants." Plant Science 273 (August 2018): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.04.005.

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de Lange, Orlando, Eric Klavins, and Jennifer Nemhauser. "Synthetic genetic circuits in crop plants." Current Opinion in Biotechnology 49 (February 2018): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2017.07.003.

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Kołodziejczyk, Marek, Andrzej Oleksy, Bogdan Kulig, and Andrzej Lepiarczyk. "Early potato cultivation using synthetic and biodegradable covers." Plant, Soil and Environment 65, No. 2 (February 1, 2019): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/754/2018-pse.

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The cultivation of plants under the covers made of synthetic polymers brings many benefits, however, it is associated with the need to utilize or recycle these materials after the period of their use. Such problems are not caused by the covers made of natural polymers. The aim of the study carried out in the years 2013–2014 was to determine an effect of covers made of biopolymers and synthetic polymers on thermal conditions and potato yield. Field study was carried out under sandy loam and silty clay loam soils conditions. The temperature of silty clay loam soil under the covers was on average by 2.9°C higher than in the unprotected area, whereas sandy loam soil had the temperature higher by 2.5°C under biodegradable foil and by 2.7°C under standard foil. Temperature increase under non-woven fabrics was lower than under foils. The highest increase in marketable tuber yield after 40 days from emergence and in full maturity of potato plants was found after at application of standard non-woven fabric P17 (7.2 and 7.4 t/ha, respectively) and the lowest, i.e., 3.0 and 3.4 t/ha, respectively, under biodegradable foil. Cover type had no effect on the number of tubers formed on the first harvest date, whereas a significantly higher number of tubers was recorded in the full maturity of plants in the year characterized by a longer growing period of potato under non-woven P17 on sandy loam soil, and under biodegradable foil on silty clay loam soil conditions. A significant influence of cover on the average tuber weight on the first harvest date was found only on sandy loam soil under non-woven fabrics in 2013, as compared to full maturity of plants under biodegradable covers on sandy loam soil in 2013 and on silty clay loam soil under all covers in 2014.

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Motmainna, Mst, Abdul Shukor Juraimi, Muhammad Saiful Ahmad-Hamdani, Mahmudul Hasan, Sabina Yeasmin, Md Parvez Anwar, and A. K. M. Mominul Islam. "Allelopathic Potential of Tropical Plants—A Review." Agronomy 13, no. 8 (August 4, 2023): 2063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13082063.

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The need to meet food demand becomes more urgent as it is forecasted to increase by 50% over the next century. Thus, agronomists promote sensible tools and approaches to eradicate factors that hamper crop production, mainly weeds. The constant use of chemical herbicides to control weeds leads to an increased risk of herbicide-resistant weed populations, environmental pollution, unsafe agricultural products, and negative effects on human health. These problems have caused an interest among researchers to replace synthetic herbicides with alternatives. The purpose of this review was to present the current knowledge base on allelopathic tropical plants and their potential for use in the development of natural product-based, environmentally friendly herbicides for sustainable agriculture, and to stimulate future discussion on this topic. The defence mechanisms of tropical plants have received particular attention because of their potential weed control ability as a natural pesticide that can prevent the overuse of synthetic pesticides. The ancient knowledge of the toxic properties of various tropical plants gives us a basis for creating a novel pest control approach. The synthesis of biopesticides based on allelochemicals opens up the possibility of utilizing natural compounds in crop protection and demonstrates the ability to deal with evolved pesticide resistance.

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Tsygankova Victoria, Anatolyivna, YaV Andrusevich, NM Vasylenko, VM Kopich, SV Popilnichenko, SG Pilyo, and VS Brovarets. "Auxin-like and Cytokinin-like Effects of New Synthetic Thienopyrimidine Derivatives on the Growth and Photosynthesis of Wheat." Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology 8, no. 1 (March 19, 2024): 015–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001126.

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The regulatory effect of new synthetic thienopyrimidine derivatives on the growth and photosynthesis of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety Svitlana in the vegetative phase was studied. The regulatory effect of new synthetic thienopyrimidine derivatives was compared with the regulatory effect of auxin IAA (1H-indol-3-yl)acetic acid) or synthetic plant growth regulators Methyur (sodium salt of 6-methyl-2-mercapto-4-hydroxypyrimidine) and Kamethur (potassium salt of 6-methyl-2-mercapto-4-hydroxypyrimidine). After 2 weeks, morphometric parameters (such as average length of shoots and roots (mm), average biomass of 10 plants (g)) and biochemical parameters (such as content of photosynthetic pigments (µg/ml)) of wheat plants grown from seeds treated with synthetic thienopyrimidine derivatives, or auxin IAA, or synthetic plant growth regulators Methyur and Kamethur at a concentration of 10-6M, were measured and compared with similar parameters of control wheat plants grown from seeds treated with distilled water. The regulatory effect of new synthetic thienopyrimidine derivatives on the morphometric and biochemical parameters of wheat plants was similar or higher compared to the regulatory effect of auxin IAA, or synthetic plant growth regulators Methyur and Kamethur. The relationship between the chemical structure of new synthetic thienopyrimidine derivatives and their regulatory effect on the growth and photosynthesis of wheat plants was revealed. The most biologically active thienopyrimidine derivatives are proposed to be used as new synthetic physiological analogues of auxins and cytokinins to improve growth and increase photosynthesis of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety Svitlana in the vegetative phase.

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K. A. Fadhil, T. Suryati, and A. Jayanegara. "Comparison Between Natural and Synthetic Antioxidants in Beef Products: A MetaAnalysis." Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan 11, no. 1 (January 29, 2023): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jipthp.11.1.19-26.

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Synthetic antioxidants are created through artificial synthesis, whereas natural antioxidants are created through natural synthesis in plants, animals, and microbes. Although synthetic antioxidants have been used previously, there has been a growing need in recent years for natural antioxidants, largely due to the negative consequences of synthetic antioxidants. Therefore, many current studies have focused on finding natural antioxidants in diverse plants. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of natural and synthetic antioxidants in beef products using a meta-analysis approach. The method included the stages of identification, selection, and conformity check. The selection process resulted in 12 articles obtained from the electronic database of Harzing’s Publish and Perish software. The metaanalysis model used in this study was random-effect model involving a positive control group (synthetic antioxidants) and an experimental group (natural antioxidants). The effect size and confidence interval were computed using the OpenMEE software, while the summary size and Egger’s test were obtained using JASP software. Results revealed that the addition of natural antioxidants showed comparable quality to synthetic antioxidants, as indicated by similar values between the two groups for the peroxide value, carbonyl content, metmyoglobin content, cooking loss, pH, and hue angle (P>0.05). Natural antioxidants showed a higher value on b (yellowness) and chroma (P<0.05). Parameters indicating lower value (P<0.05) occurred in TBARS, a (redness), and L (lightness). In conclusion, the addition of natural antioxidants in beef products demonstrates comparable results and could be used as alternatives to synthetic antioxidants.

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Chávez-Arias, Cristhian C., Sandra Gómez-Caro, and Hermann Restrepo-Díaz. "Physiological Responses to the Foliar Application of Synthetic Resistance Elicitors in Cape Gooseberry Seedlings Infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali." Plants 9, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9020176.

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Vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum is the most limiting disease that affects cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) crops in Colombia. The use of synthetic elicitors for vascular wilt management is still scarce in Andean fruit species. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect and number of foliar applications of synthetic elicitors such as jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), brassinosteroids (BR), or a commercial resistance elicitor based on botanical extracts (BE) on disease progress and their effect on the physiology of cape gooseberry plants inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. physali. Groups of ten plants were separately sprayed once, twice, or three times with a foliar synthetic elicitor, respectively. Elicitor applications were performed at the following concentrations: JA (10 mL L−1), SA (100 mg L−1), BR (1 mL L−1) and BE (2.5 mL of commercial product (Loker®) L−1). The results showed that three foliar BR, SA, or BE applications reduced the area under the disease progress, severity index, and vascular browning in comparison to inoculated plants without any elicitor spray. Three BR, SA, or BE sprays also favored stomatal conductance, water potential, growth (total dry weight and leaf area) and fluorescence parameters of chlorophyll compared with inoculated and untreated plants with no elicitor sprays. Three foliar sprays of SA, BR, or BE enhanced photosynthetic pigments (leaf total chlorophyll and carotenoid content) and proline synthesis and decreased oxidative stress in Foph-inoculated plants. In addition, the effectiveness of three foliar BR, SA, or BE sprays was corroborated by three-dimensional plot and biplot analysis, in which it can evidence that stomatal conductance, proline synthesis, and efficacy percentage were accurate parameters to predict Foph management. On the hand, JA showed the lowest level of amelioration of the negative effects of Foph inoculation. In conclusion, the use of the synthetic elicitors BR, SA, or BE can be considered as a tool complementary for the commercial management of vascular wilt in areas where this disease is a limiting factor.

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Pan, Yanqing, Todd L. Lowary, and Rik R. Tykwinski. "Naturally occurring and synthetic polyyne glycosides." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 87, no. 11 (November 2009): 1565–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v09-117.

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Polyyne glycosides are a class of natural products that have been found in terrestrial plants, fungi, and marine algae. Many display interesting and potentially useful biological activities, which in some cases has initiated synthetic efforts toward their formation. This review provides a comprehensive report of polyyne glycosides isolated from natural sources, as well as the synthesis of these molecules and their analogues.

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Maurino, Veronica G., and Andreas P. M. Weber. "Engineering photosynthesis in plants and synthetic microorganisms." Journal of Experimental Botany 64, no. 3 (October 1, 2012): 743–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ers263.

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Andres, Jennifer, Tim Blomeier, and Matias D. Zurbriggen. "Synthetic Switches and Regulatory Circuits in Plants." Plant Physiology 179, no. 3 (January 28, 2019): 862–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.18.01362.

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Sainsbury, Frank, and George P. Lomonossoff. "Transient expressions of synthetic biology in plants." Current Opinion in Plant Biology 19 (June 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2014.02.003.

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Small, Ian, and Holger Puchta. "Emerging tools for synthetic biology in plants." Plant Journal 78, no. 5 (May 23, 2014): 725–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tpj.12462.

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Adeyemi, Jerry O., Ayodeji O. Oriola, Damian C. Onwudiwe, and Adebola O. Oyedeji. "Plant Extracts Mediated Metal-Based Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Biological Applications." Biomolecules 12, no. 5 (April 24, 2022): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12050627.

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The vastness of metal-based nanoparticles has continued to arouse much research interest, which has led to the extensive search and discovery of new materials with varying compositions, synthetic methods, and applications. Depending on applications, many synthetic methods have been used to prepare these materials, which have found applications in different areas, including biology. However, the prominent nature of the associated toxicity and environmental concerns involved in most of these conventional methods have limited their continuous usage due to the desire for more clean, reliable, eco-friendly, and biologically appropriate approaches. Plant-mediated synthetic approaches for metal nanoparticles have emerged to circumvent the often-associated disadvantages with the conventional synthetic routes, using bioresources that act as a scaffold by effectively reducing and stabilizing these materials, whilst making them biocompatible for biological cells. This capacity by plants to intrinsically utilize their organic processes to reorganize inorganic metal ions into nanoparticles has thus led to extensive studies into this area of biochemical synthesis and analysis. In this review, we examined the use of several plant extracts as a mediating agent for the synthesis of different metal-based nanoparticles (MNPs). Furthermore, the associated biological properties, which have been suggested to emanate from the influence of the diverse metabolites found in these plants, were also reviewed.

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Stokstad, Erik. "Two teams supercharge gene spread in plants." Science 384, no. 6703 (June 28, 2024): 1394–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adr3311.

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ESYANTI, RIZKITA RACHMI, NADYA FARAH, MUHAMMAD FAKHRI FAIZ, MUTHIA GASSANI VERDIANTI, SUNARDI, and RAMADHANI SAFITRI. "THE EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC FUNGICIDE ON DISEASE SEVERITY AND PLANT GROWTH OF CHILI PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.) INFECTED WITH Phytophthora capsici." Malaysian Applied Biology 49, no. 2 (July 17, 2021): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v49i2.1516.

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Phytophthora blight caused by Phytophthora capsici is one of the damaging diseases that cause major loss in chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) production worldwide. Some synthetic fungicides containing Metalaxyl-M were reported to be able to control the pathogen’s growth. In order to evaluate the effect of synthetic fungicide on disease severity index (DSI) and plant growth of chili pepper plants after inoculation with P. capsici (104 zoospores/ml), four cultivars were used namely Laba, Pilar, Arimbi and Imola. Each cultivar was treated with a synthetic fungicide and P. capsici (FP), with P. capsici-only (P) and uninoculated plants (C) were used as controls. The result showed that the application of synthetic fungicide was able to control the pathogen’s growth, indicated by the decreased DSI. The application of synthetic fungicide was also able to preserve the growth of chili pepper plants, indicated by the plant height and number of leaves, even after the infection with P. capsici. In conclusion, the application of synthetic fungicide was effective in controlling the growth of P. capsici while preserving the growth of chili pepper plants in cultivar Pilar, Imola, Laba, and Arimbi.

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Adusei, Stephen, and Samuel Azupio. "Neem: A Novel Biocide for Pest and Disease Control of Plants." Journal of Chemistry 2022 (November 17, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6778554.

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Plant extracts have recently captivated scientists’ attention as a potential source of biocide for plant protection. This is due to the health and environmental risks associated with the widespread use of synthetic chemicals with adverse effects on humans, nontarget organisms, and the agroecosystem. As a result, more environmentally friendly and safe alternative approaches to synthetic compounds are desirable. Neem (Azadirachta indica) has been identified as a promising biocontrol agent with low toxicity and high efficacy among several plant products for potential chemotherapeutic elements in plant pest and disease management systems. The biocidal potency of neem is attributed to its azadirachtin active ingredient, which impacts some metabolic processes in insects such as protein synthesis, changes in biological fitness, impaired sexual communication, and chitin synthesis. This systematic review intends to gather all the available scientific data regarding the application of neem and its formulations in pest and disease control of plants. The PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis) framework was employed in collecting data for the study. Findings from this review study have demonstrated the use of neem as an effective biocontrol agent for plants’ pests and diseases and have provided a solid foundation for future studies on the plant.

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Hashimoto, Hajime, Shinnosuke Wakamori, Kazutada Ikeuchi, and Hidetoshi Yamada. "Divergent Synthesis of Four Monomeric Ellagitannins toward the Total Synthesis of an Oligomeric Ellagitannin, Nobotanin K." Organics 3, no. 3 (September 6, 2022): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/org3030022.

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Oligomeric ellagitannins are challenging synthetic targets due to the need for an abundant supply of their composed monomeric ellagitannins and a synthetic methodology to connect them. This work focused on the divergent synthesis of the four monomeric ellagitannins from a common intermediate as a step toward the total synthesis of nobotanin K, a class of compounds that includes oligomeric ellagitannins and were isolated in plants belonging to the Melastomataceae family. Implementing our method, the four natural products could be easily supplied, suggesting that through this novel route, the total synthesis of nobotanin K could be achieved smoothly.

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Pirdhankar, Ms Swati, Pratik S. Sadamate, and Dr Rupali Tasgaonkar. "Cardioprotective Herbal Plants: A Review." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 3 (March 31, 2023): 1114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.49555.

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Abstract: Plants play a vital role in providing food and various essential needs of human since beginning of human race,let it be the basic needs to medicinal drugs for well being and progress towards health of an human race as the time has past human had progress in medicial field.Progress in technology has driven human race to higher progression in lesser time as progress is rapid it has given birth to various cardiological disease and to cure them various synthetic cardiac drugs have been used. To overcome and keep cardiac health of humans protected from drugs humans have turn back to nature to and use of phtoconstituents is increased A number of bioactive compounds found in cardioprotective plants, such as antioxidants, flavonoids, anthocyanin, tannins, ellagic acid, terpenoids, carbohydrates, have been shown to improve cardioprotection and thus reduce the risk of cardiac disorders.Purpose of this review article is to provide and educate individuals about drugs present in nature and include in daily diet to enhance there cardiac health and damage cause due to synthetic drugs.

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Li, Zhaogao, Keyi Xiong, Weie Wen, Lin Li, and Delin Xu. "Functional Endophytes Regulating Plant Secondary Metabolism: Current Status, Prospects and Applications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2 (January 6, 2023): 1153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021153.

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Endophytes, which are widely found in host plants and have no harmful effects, are a vital biological resource. Plant endophytes promote plant growth and enhance plants’ resistance to diseases, pests, and environmental stresses. In addition, they enhance the synthesis of important secondary metabolites in plants and improve the potential applicability of plants in agriculture, medicine, food, and horticulture. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the interaction between endophytes and plants and summarize the construction of synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) and metaomics analysis of the interaction between endophytes and plants. The application and development prospects of endophytes in agriculture, medicine, and other industries are also discussed to provide a reference for further study of the interaction between endophytes and plants and further development and utilization of endophytes.

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Cai, Yao-Min, Kalyani Kallam, Henry Tidd, Giovanni Gendarini, Amanda Salzman, and Nicola J. Patron. "Rational design of minimal synthetic promoters for plants." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 21 (August 28, 2020): 11845–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa682.

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Abstract Promoters serve a critical role in establishing baseline transcriptional capacity through the recruitment of proteins, including transcription factors. Previously, a paucity of data for cis-regulatory elements in plants meant that it was challenging to determine which sequence elements in plant promoter sequences contributed to transcriptional function. In this study, we have identified functional elements in the promoters of plant genes and plant pathogens that utilize plant transcriptional machinery for gene expression. We have established a quantitative experimental system to investigate transcriptional function, investigating how identity, density and position contribute to regulatory function. We then identified permissive architectures for minimal synthetic plant promoters enabling the computational design of a suite of synthetic promoters of different strengths. These have been used to regulate the relative expression of output genes in simple genetic devices.

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Taranenko, A. M. "GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF PLANTS CONTAINING THE SYNTHETIC cry1Ab GENE ENCODING RESISTANCE TO LEPIDOPTERAN PESTS." Biotechnologia Acta 12, no. 6 (December 2019): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech12.06.056.

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Mallarangeng, Rahayu Rahayu, Muhammad Taufik Muhayang, M. Tufaila H, and Rachmawati Hasid Hasid. "Refugia Plant Pest and Disease Management in Wolasi, South Konawe Wolasi." JURNAL KARYA PENGABDIAN 4, no. 2 (October 30, 2022): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jkp.v4i2.129.

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Exposure to synthetic chemicals for plant pest organisms (OPT) is the main choice for farmers. One alternative pest control is planting refugia plants. Refugia plants can attract beneficial insects and antagonistic agents to come to the plant. Furthermore, it can control the pest population naturally. The purpose of the service is technical guidance on the application of refugia technology in cayenne pepper cultivation. The method used is technical guidance and the manufacture of demonstration plots of chili plants using refugia plants. The comparator is the chili plant which is not refugia. The results showed that the application of synthetic chemicals was lower in chili plants that plant were given refugia than those that were not. The average growth height and the number of pepper branches that were given refugia were higher, and the visit of insect pests was lower than the control. Partners accept the refugia technology because it reduces the number of applications of synthetic chemical pesticides

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Song, Jun-Tae, Dong-U. Woo, Yejin Lee, Sung-Hoon Choi, and Yang-Jae Kang. "The Semi-Supervised Strategy of Machine Learning on the Gene Family Diversity to Unravel Resveratrol Synthesis." Plants 10, no. 10 (September 29, 2021): 2058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10102058.

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Resveratrol is a phytochemical with medicinal benefits, being well-known for its presence in wine. Plants develop resveratrol in response to stresses such as pathogen infection, UV radiation, and other mechanical stress. The recent publications of genomic sequences of resveratrol-producing plants such as grape, peanut, and eucalyptus can expand our molecular understanding of resveratrol synthesis. Based on a gene family count matrix of Viridiplantae members, we uncovered important gene families that are common in resveratrol-producing plants. These gene families could be prospective candidates for improving the efficiency of synthetic biotechnology-based artificial resveratrol manufacturing.

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Vishnuvardhini R and Priya R Iyer. "A review on antifungal agents against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger." International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive 2, no. 1 (August 30, 2021): 042–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2021.2.1.0061.

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Candidiasis is the fungal infection caused by Candida albicans. It causes different type of candidiasis infections in the blood, heart, eyes, brain, bones also other parts of our body. Different types of candidiasis are vaginal candidiasis, pulmonary candidiasis, oral candidiasis. It may be acute or chronic. It can be cured by using natural compounds or synthetic compounds or semisynthetic compounds. Apergillosis is the fungal infections in human caused by Aspergillus niger. Aspergillosis infections are classified into allergic pulmonary sinusitis, cutaneous aspergillosis, invasive aspergillosis, chronic necrotising pulmonary aspergillosis can be cured by using synthetic compounds like intravenous injections, oral medicines of capsules, tropical medicines like creams and some other natural products from plants. Natural products like saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, xanthones, lectins and polypeptides, quinones, terpenoids, coumarins, essential oils and other compounds are the secondary metabolites extracted from the plants. Those plants are effective against fungal infections. Synthetic drugs like Azole group of drugs composed of imidazoles which includes miconazole, clotrimazole, ketoconazole, and triazoles include itraconazole, Posaconazole, isavuconazole are used to inhibit the ergosterol synthesis of cell membrane of fungi. Echinocandins are antifungal agent and it is used to disrupt the cell wall of fungi and inhibiting the synthesis of beta- 1,3 glucan fungal cell wall. Echinocandins are classified into caspofungin, anidulafungin, micafungin which having antifungal activity and amphotericin B used to treat both candidiasis and aspergillosis. Combination of drugs like synthetic drugs and natural compounds used to treat Candidiasis and Aspergillosis. Comparison and effectiveness of drugs depends upon the infections they are getting affected. Amphotericin B and azole group of drugs are commonly more effective than other group of drugs, but ketoconazole is widely used. Adverse effects of antifungal agents include, skin rashes, irritation, itching, nausea and vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, muscle and joint pain, etc.

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Han, Taotao, and Guopeng Miao. "Strategies, Achievements, and Potential Challenges of Plant and Microbial Chassis in the Biosynthesis of Plant Secondary Metabolites." Molecules 29, no. 9 (May 2, 2024): 2106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29092106.

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Diverse secondary metabolites in plants, with their rich biological activities, have long been important sources for human medicine, food additives, pesticides, etc. However, the large-scale cultivation of host plants consumes land resources and is susceptible to pest and disease problems. Additionally, the multi-step and demanding nature of chemical synthesis adds to production costs, limiting their widespread application. In vitro cultivation and the metabolic engineering of plants have significantly enhanced the synthesis of secondary metabolites with successful industrial production cases. As synthetic biology advances, more research is focusing on heterologous synthesis using microorganisms. This review provides a comprehensive comparison between these two chassis, evaluating their performance in the synthesis of various types of secondary metabolites from the perspectives of yield and strategies. It also discusses the challenges they face and offers insights into future efforts and directions.

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MacDonald, IDU. "Medicinal Plants and Tomorrow’s Pharmacy – Nigerian Experience." Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 2, no. 4 (August 25, 2016): 100–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jahm.2016.2401.

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Plants are the core materials for medicines in traditional systems of healing and have been the source of creativity for numerous pharmaceutical drugs[1] . Pharmaceutical/ Synthetic drugs have gained acceptance against green remedies because of their fast-acting potency which are not without long-term side effects in most cases. However, medicinal plants work in an integrated or pro-biotic approach with little or no adverse effects on the body. For example, a steady consumption of garlic can control high cholesterol and high blood pressure within a modest period of time, but taking synthetic drugs might make an individual’s body system completely dependent on that particular medicine[2] . Interestingly, Medicinal Plants are still the backbone of 75 - 80% of the world population, predominantly in the developing countries, for primary health care[3] .

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Brophy, Jennifer A. N. "Toward synthetic plant development." Plant Physiology 188, no. 2 (December 14, 2021): 738–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiab568.

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Abstract The ability to engineer plant form will enable the production of novel agricultural products designed to tolerate extreme stresses, boost yield, reduce waste, and improve manufacturing practices. While historically, plants were altered through breeding to change their size or shape, advances in our understanding of plant development and our ability to genetically engineer complex eukaryotes are leading to the direct engineering of plant structure. In this review, I highlight the central role of auxin in plant development and the synthetic biology approaches that could be used to turn auxin-response regulators into powerful tools for modifying plant form. I hypothesize that recoded, gain-of-function auxin response proteins combined with synthetic regulation could be used to override endogenous auxin signaling and control plant structure. I also argue that auxin-response regulators are key to engineering development in nonmodel plants and that single-cell -omics techniques will be essential for characterizing and modifying auxin response in these plants. Collectively, advances in synthetic biology, single-cell -omics, and our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning development have set the stage for a new era in the engineering of plant structure.

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Prajapati, Anil Kumar, Pratiksha Patil, and Sneha Joshi. "A review on plants possesses anti tubercular activity." Journal of Preventive Medicine and Holistic Health 9, no. 2 (November 15, 2023): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jpmhh.2023.012.

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Tuberculosis is an infectious disease condition that mainly affects the lungs, and the responsible bacteria is . Over 4,000 people each day die from this disease, which also claims 1.2–1.5 million lives annually and has infected 1.7–2 billion individuals globally. The literature review was conducted by studying the research papers and review articles concentrating on the traditional plants having “Antituberculosis activity or anti-mycobacterial activity”, in electronic databases like PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The available synthetic therapy for tuberculosis treatment includes first-line treatment of five drugs namely “Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide, and Streptomycin. The synthetic drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis result in hepatotoxicity and also cause resistance against bacteria, resulting in MDR TB and XDR TB. Plant-derived drugs have potent activity against tuberculosis bacteria also they give hepatoprotective activity, unlike the synthetic drugs with no resistance against the bacteria. Medicinal plant products are good alternatives to allopathic medicine with fewer side effects and with less chances of resistance. Because polyherbal formulation act by different mechanisms to inhibit the growth of bacteria. More research is required to explore the plant-based treatment of TB.

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Madhumitha, G., and Selvaraj Mohana Roopan. "Devastated Crops: Multifunctional Efficacy for the Production of Nanoparticles." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/951858.

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Integration of green chemistry principles to nanotechnology is one of the key issues in nanoscience research. Biological methods were used to synthesize metal and metal oxide nanoparticles of specific shape and size since they enhance the properties of nanoparticles in greener route. Plant-mediated methods devoid the use of toxic chemicals in the synthetic protocols which has adverse effects on the environment. Owing to the rich biodiversity of plants and their potential secondary constituents, plants and plant parts have gained attention in recent years as medium for nanoparticles' synthesis. In this review, we present the current status of nanoparticles synthesis using devastated crops.

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Meena Choudhary and Priyanka Singh. "Natural Dyes from Medicinal Plants: An Exploration of Their Potential in Textile Industry." International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology 12, no. 2 (March 19, 2025): 306–15. https://doi.org/10.32628/ijsrst25122230.

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Scientists now investigate medicinal plant-derived natural dyes because they provide sustainable environmentally-friendly options versus synthetic dyes. Environmental concerns regarding synthetic dyes in textile production may find effective answers through the adoption of natural dyes because these colorants originate from renewable resources and avoid the pollution issues related to synthetic dyes. Natural dyes derive from diverse plant-based and animal-based and mineral-based sources since they bypass synthetic manipulation. The biodegradable and low-allergenic and non-toxic nature of natural dyes makes them a superior eco-friendly alternative when compared to synthetic dyes. Natural dyes experienced increased affordability and availability in the textile industry during recent years due to their attractiveness as substitute colorants. Medicinal plants represent a promising natural source of dyes. Bioactive plants yield multiple therapeutic compounds which researchers have identified as hair-coloring pigments for extraction. Various medical plant species continue to demonstrate significant potential as natural dye agents according to multiple research studies. Indigenous plants from different parts of the world display effective color and durability properties when applied to textiles.

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Tella, Toluwani, Carolina Pohl, and Kovalchuk Igor. "A review on diabetes mellitus: complications, synthetic anti-diabetic agents and herbal treatment." F1000Research 13 (February 19, 2024): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.141015.1.

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Background Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder with multiple symptoms and complications. The management of these conditions involve the use of synthetic anti-diabetic agents, natural products and medicinal plants. Synthetic anti-diabetic agents are associated with side effects whereas medicinal plants have minimal side effects and are less expensive. The aim of this work is to highlight various (i) complications associated with diabetes (ii) synthetic anti-diabetic agents used for treatment (iii) medicinal plants as anti-diabetic agents. Methods Electronic databases such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Springer, Pub Med, Medline and Scopus were searched to identify complications linked with diabetes, synthetic anti-diabetic agents, and herbs used in the management of diabetes mellitus. Results The present article is an updated review of the published literature on types of diabetes and their complications, synthetic anti-diabetic drugs and medicinal herbs used for management of diabetes. Conclusions Given the complications associated with diabetes mellitus, a search for medicinal herbs with anti-diabetic properties will be useful in the management of this disease.

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Sumer, Peter De Roux, Bimal Debbarma, Kmensiful Binan, Waibiangki Lyngdoh, and Loushambam Samananda Singh. "Therapeutic Insights into Anti-Inflammatory Activities Derived from Medicinal Plants." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 44, no. 23 (November 20, 2023): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2023/v44i233769.

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Many synthetic drugs previously considered for treating inflammatory conditions have lost favor due to their potential side effects and adverse outcomes, along with their proven safety concerns for human use. In recent years, herbal remedies have gained popularity as an alternative treatment for a wide range of human ailments. Herbs possessing anti-inflammatory properties have attracted significant attention because they do not have many of the drawbacks associated with synthetic medications. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recently discovered anti-inflammatory compounds falling into various classes of plant constituents, including alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, polyphenolic compounds, and those derived from marine organisms, fungi, and algae. Furthermore, it explores the broader perspective of potential interactions between herbal and synthetic drugs, associated adverse effects, and clinical studies examining the anti-inflammatory properties of herbs.

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Mittal, Rajinder Pal, Abhilash Rana, and Vikas Jaitak. "Essential Oils: An Impending Substitute of Synthetic Antimicrobial Agents to Overcome Antimicrobial Resistance." Current Drug Targets 20, no. 6 (March 29, 2019): 605–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450119666181031122917.

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging problem in the world that has a significant impact on our society. AMR made conventional drugs futile against microorganisms and diseases untreatable. Plant-derived medicines are considered to be safe alternatives as compared to synthetic drugs. Active ingredients and the mixtures of these natural medicines have been used for centuries, due to their easy availability, low cost, and negligible side effects. Essential oils (EOs) are the secondary metabolites that are produced by aromatic plants to protect them from microorganisms. However, these EOs and their constituents have shown good fighting potential against drug-resistant pathogens. These oils have been proved extremely effective antimicrobial agents in comparison to antibiotics. Also, the combination of synthetic drugs with EOs or their components improve their efficacy. So, EOs can be established as an alternative to synthetic antimicrobial agents to eradicate tough form of infectious microorganisms. EO’s can interact with multiple target sites, like the destruction of cytoplasm membrane or inhibition of protein synthesis and efflux pump, etc. The purpose of this review is to provide information about the antimicrobial activity of EOs attained from different plants, their combination with synthetic antimicrobials. In addition, mechanism of antimicrobial activity of several EOs and their constituents was reported.

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Mikami, Nobuyoshi, Yoshiko Baba, Toshiyuki Katagi, and Junshi Miyamoto. "Metabolism of the synthetic pyrethroid fenpropathrin in plants." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 33, no. 5 (September 1985): 980–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00065a051.

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Birchler, James A. "Promises and pitfalls of synthetic chromosomes in plants." Trends in Biotechnology 33, no. 3 (March 2015): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.12.010.

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Frey, Travis, and Bobby Williams. "Synthetic Biology Platform Unleashes the Power of Plants." Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News 42, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/gen.42.10.16.

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Abdeeva, Inna A., Yulia S. Panina, and Liliya G. Maloshenok. "Synthetic Biology Approaches to Posttranslational Regulation in Plants." Biochemistry (Moscow) 89, S1 (January 2024): S278—S289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0006297924140165.

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Soto, Nitza, Karoll Ferrer, Katy Díaz, César González, Lautaro Taborga, Andrés F. Olea, Héctor Carrasco, and Luis Espinoza. "Synthesis and Biological Activity of New Brassinosteroid Analogs of Type 24-Nor-5β-Cholane and 23-Benzoate Function in the Side Chain." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9 (May 1, 2021): 4808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094808.

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Brassinosteroids are polyhydroxysteroids that are involved in different plants’ biological functions, such as growth, development and resistance to biotic and external stresses. Because of its low abundance in plants, much effort has been dedicated to the synthesis and characterization of brassinosteroids analogs. Herein, we report the synthesis of brassinosteroid 24-nor-5β-cholane type analogs with 23-benzoate function and 22,23-benzoate groups. The synthesis was accomplished with high reaction yields in a four-step synthesis route and using hyodeoxycholic acid as starting material. All synthesized analogs were tested using the rice lamina inclination test to assess their growth-promoting activity and compare it with those obtained for brassinolide, which was used as a positive control. The results indicate that the diasteroisomeric mixture of monobenzoylated derivatives exhibit the highest activity at the lowest tested concentrations (1 × 10−8 and 1 × 10−7 M), being even more active than brassinolide. Therefore, a simple synthetic procedure with high reaction yields that use a very accessible starting material provides brassinosteroid synthetic analogs with promising effects on plant growth. This exploratory study suggests that brassinosteroid analogs with similar chemical structures could be a good alternative to natural brassinosteroids.

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Ouedraogo, Salfo, Jules Yoda, Tata Kadiatou Traore, Mathieu Nitiema, Bavouma C. Sombie, Hermine Zime Diawara, Josias B. G. Yameogo, et al. "Production de matières premières et fabrication des médicaments à base de plantes médicinales." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 750–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i2.28.

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Les plantes constituent un réservoir pour les pharmacopées du monde. Plusieurs médicaments importants sont fabriqués à partir des substances actives d’origine végétales. En outre de nombreux médicaments modernes ont été fabriqués à partir de ces matières premières. Les plantes médicinales sont utilisées directement sous forme fraîche, sèche ou transformée, stabilisée, ou extrait ou formulée avec d’autres plantes ou excipients de synthèse. Dans tous les cas, la matière végétale utilisée pour fabriquer la forme posologique doit faire preuve de son efficacité, son innocuité et être de qualité conforme aux exigences de la Pharmacopée Européenne pour les phytomédicaments, garantissant ainsi sa sécurité d’emploi. Pour ce faire, l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS) a mis à la disposition des états membres des guides et standards permettant d’harmoniser et de sécuriser leur utilisation. Ainsi de nombreux pays africains ont adopté ces outils après des modifications appropriées pour faire progresser la recherche et le développement (R&D) de médicaments à base de plante. Le but de ce travail était de faire une synthèse des différentes étapes de production, de contrôle qualité et de standardisation des matières premières issues des plantes médicinales et des médicaments à base de plantes médicinales.Mots clés : Pharmacopée, médicaments, médecine traditionnelle, sécurité d’emploi, phytomédicaments. English title: Production of raw materials and manufacturing of drugs from medicinal plants Plants are a reservoir for the world's pharmacopoeias. Several important medicines are made from active substances of plant origin. In addition, many modern medicines have been made from these raw materials. Medicinal plants are used directly in fresh, dry or processed, stabilized, or extracted form or formulated with other plants or synthetic excipients. In all cases, the herbal material used to manufacture the dosage form must demonstrate its efficacy, safety and be of a quality that meets the requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia for phytomedicines, thus ensuring its safe use. To this end, the World Health Organization (WHO) has made available to Member States guides and standards to harmonize and secure their use. Thus, many African countries have adopted these tools after appropriate modifications to advance research and development (R&D) of plant-based drugs. The aim of this work was to make a synthesis of the different stages of production, quality control and standardization of raw materials from medicinal plants and herbal medicines.Keywords: Pharmacopoeia, drugs, traditional medicine, safe use, phytomedicines.

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Fay, Nicolas, Rémi Blieck, Cyrille Kouklovsky, and Aurélien de la Torre. "Total synthesis of grayanane natural products." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 18 (December 12, 2022): 1707–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.18.181.

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Grayananes are a broad family of diterpenoids found in Ericaceae plants, comprising more than 160 natural products. Most of them exhibit interesting biological activities, often representative of Ericaceae use in traditional medicine. Over the last 50 years, various strategies were described for the total synthesis of these diterpenoids. In this review, we survey the literature for synthetic approaches to access grayanane natural products. We will focus mainly on completed total syntheses, but will also mention unfinished synthetic efforts. This work aims at providing a critical perspective on grayanane synthesis, highlighting the advantages and downsides of each strategy, as well as the challenges remaining to be tackled.

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Brandsma, M., X. Wang, H. Diao, S. E. Kohalmi, A. M. Jevnikar, and S. Ma. "A Proficient Approach to the Production of Therapeutic Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) in Transgenic Plants." Open Biotechnology Journal 3, no. 1 (July 16, 2009): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874070700903010057.

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Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a small peptide hormone with potent insulinotropic activity and represents a promising new therapeutic tool for the treatment of diabetes. Like many other therapeutic peptides, GLP-1 is commonly produced using chemical synthesis methods, but is limited by product quantity and cost. The advent of recombinant DNA technology offers the possibility of producing GLP-1 inexpensively and in vast quantities. In this study, transgenic plants were used as a recombinant expression platform for the production of GLP-1 as a large multimeric protein. A synthetic gene encoding ten sequential tandem repeats of GLP-1 sequence (GLP-1x10) was produced and introduced into tobacco plants. Transcriptional expression of the GLP1x10 gene in transgenic plants was confirmed by RT-PCR. Western blot analysis showed that the GLP-1x10 protein efficiently accumulated in transgenic plants, with an accumulation level as high as 0.15% of total soluble protein in leaves. Importantly, insulin secretion assays using a mouse pancreatic β cell line (MIN6), showed that plant-derived GLP-1 in its synthetic decamer form, retained its ability to stimulate cellular insulin secretion, although with reduced efficacy. These results demonstrate that transgenic plants are an efficient system for the production of a multimerized recombinant GLP-1. Moreover, transgenic plants synthesizing high levels of GLP-1x10 may prove to be an attractive delivery system for direct oral administration of a novel stable GLP-1 analog in the treatment of patients with Type 2 diabetes.

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Deja, Aleksandra K. "Synthetic seeds technology of Salvia officinalis as a method for short-term storage and in vitro propagation of valuable genotypes." Herba Polonica 68, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hepo-2022-0024.

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Summary Introduction: The technological advancements in the production of synthetic seeds are critical for the preservation of valuable genotypes of many herbal plants, including Salvia officinalis – sage. Objective: The aim of this study was the production, storage and conversion of artificial sage seeds. The technology of synthetic seeds is placing explants capable of regeneration into plants in a protective casing. Methods: Apical and axillary buds were encapsulated with 1.2% sodium alginate solution, and then dripped in 200 mM CaCl2 solution. Artificial seeds were stored at 4°C for 30 days and then converted on MS medium containing 0.3 mg/l of BAP. Results: The synthetic seeds technology made it possible to obtain a high level of seeds conversion into plants using apical buds (85.0%), and slightly lower in the case of side buds (62.5%). Conclusion: The fully developed technology of synthetic seeds made it possible to obtain a high level of plant viability, which may prove useful for the storage of valuable genotypes of sage.

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Chern, Lee Yuan, M. Y. Shukor, and Radzali Muse. "Monoterpenes in Plants- a mini review." Asian Journal of Plant Biology 1, no. 1 (December 26, 2013): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54987/ajpb.v1i1.37.

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Monoterpenes are abundant chemicals in plants that are formed by a multitude of enzymes and present a challenge both in identification and understanding the synthetic enzymes involves in their formation and fate. They are especially abundant in fragrance-producing plants. The enyme that produce them are numerous but several key enzymes have been identified and are discussed in this short review.

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COMAN, Cristina, Olivia Dumitrita RUGINA, and Carmen SOCACIU. "Plants and Natural Compounds with Antidiabetic Action." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 40, no. 1 (May 14, 2012): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha4017205.

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Diabetes has become the most common metabolic disease worldwide. In particular, type 2 diabetes is the most commonly encountered type of diabetes, which is characterised by the inability of the organism to respond to normal levels of circulating insulin, also called insulin resistance. Current antidiabetic therapy is based on synthetic drugs that very often have side effects. For this reason, there is a continuous need to develop new and better pharmaceuticals as alternatives for the management and treatment of the disease. Natural hypoglycaemic compounds may be attractive alternatives to synthetic drugs or reinforcements to currently used treatments. Their huge advantage is that they can be ingested in everyday diet. Recently, more attention is being paid to the study of natural products as potential antidiabetics. This mini review of the current literature is structured into three main sections focused on: (a) plant extracts, (b) plant biomolecules, and (c) other natural molecules that have been used for their antidiabetic effects. Potential molecular mechanisms of action are also discussed.

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Ravi, Putta. "Biological Active Compounds from Plants of Subarctic Origin." Journal of Clinical and Medical Case Reports and Reviews 2, no. 4 (October 24, 2022): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.59468/2837-469x/025.

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Several plants are reported to be produced various biological active compounds. Lichens from the extreme environments such as high altitude, high UV, drought and cold are believed to be synthesized unique types of secondary metabolites than the other one. Several human pathogenic bacteria and fungi have been muted into drug resistant strains. Various synthetic antioxidant compounds have posed carcinogenic effects. This phenomenon needs further research for new effective drugs of natural origin. This manuscript aimed to screen new source of biological active compounds from plants of subarctic origin.

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Tsygankova, VA, YaV Andrusevich, NM Vasylenko, VM Kopich, RM Solomyannyi, SV Popilnichenko, OP Kozachenko, SG Pilyo, and VS Brovarets. "The Use of Thioxopyrimidine Derivatives as New Regulators of Growth and Photosynthesis of Barley." Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology 8, no. 2 (July 2, 2024): 090–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001139.

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New synthetic compounds - thioxopyrimidine derivatives as regulators of vegetative growth and photosynthesis of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) variety Acordine were studied. The growth-regulatory effect of new synthetic compounds, thioxopyrimidine derivatives, used in a concentration of 10-6M, was compared with the growth-regulatory effect of a plant hormone auxin IAA (1H-indol-3-yl)acetic acid) or synthetic plant growth regulators, derivatives of sodium and potassium salts of 6-methyl-2-mercapto-4-hydroxypyrimidine (Methyur, Kamethur), N-oxide-2,6-dimethylpyridine (Ivin), used in a similar concentration of 10-6M. The conducted study showed the similarity of the growth-regulatory effects of synthetic compounds, thioxopyrimidine derivatives, the plant hormone auxin IAA, and synthetic plant growth regulators Methyur, Kamethur, and Ivin. Morphometric parameters (average length of shoots (mm), average length of roots (mm), and average biomass of 10 plants (g)) and biochemical parameters (content of photosynthetic pigments chlorophylls a, b, a+b and carotenoids (µg/ml)) of barley plants treated with the plant hormone auxin IAA or synthetic plant growth regulators Methyur, Kamethur, Ivin or thioxopyrimidine derivatives were increased after 4 weeks compared to control plants. The dependence of the growth-regulatory effect of synthetic compounds, thioxopyrimidine derivatives on their chemical structure was analyzed. The use of the synthetic plant growth regulators, derivatives of sodium salt of 6-methyl-2-mercapto-4-hydroxypyrimidine (Methyur), potassium salt of 6-methyl-2-mercapto-4-hydroxypyrimidine (Kamethur), N-oxide-2,6-dimethylpyridine (Ivin) and selected most active synthetic compounds, thioxopyrimidine derivatives for regulating the growth and photosynthesis of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) variety Acordine is proposed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Synthetic plants'

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