Relevant bibliographies by topics / Synthetic pigment

Academic literature on the topic 'Synthetic pigment'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Synthetic pigment"

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Lin, Lan, and Jianping Xu. "Production of Fungal Pigments: Molecular Processes and Their Applications." Journal of Fungi 9, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9010044.

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Due to the negative environmental and health effects of synthetic colorants, pigments of natural origins of plants and microbes constitute an abundant source for the food, cosmetic, textile, and pharmaceutical industries. The demands for natural alternatives, which involve natural colorants and natural biological processes for their production, have been growing rapidly in recent decades. Fungi contain some of the most prolific pigment producers, and they excel in bioavailability, yield, cost-effectiveness, and ease of large-scale cell culture as well as downstream processing. In contrast, pigments from plants are often limited by seasonal and geographic factors. Here, we delineate the taxonomy of pigmented fungi and fungal pigments, with a focus on the biosynthesis of four major categories of pigments: carotenoids, melanins, polyketides, and azaphilones. The molecular mechanisms and metabolic bases governing fungal pigment biosynthesis are discussed. Furthermore, we summarize the environmental factors that are known to impact the synthesis of different fungal pigments. Most of the environmental factors that enhance fungal pigment production are related to stresses. Finally, we highlight the challenges facing fungal pigment utilization and future trends of fungal pigment development. This integrated review will facilitate further exploitations of pigmented fungi and fungal pigments for broad applications.
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Chaves, Claudiane Aparecida Rocha, Diogo Alvarenga Miranda, Adriano Geraldo, Luiz Carlos Machado, Jean Kaique Valentim, and Rodrigo Garófallo Garcia. "Natural and synthetic pigments in sorghum-based diets for laying hens." Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 44 (April 29, 2022): e53060. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.53060.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the supplementation of yellow natural pigment levels based on Marigold Flower extract (2%) and yellow synthetic pigment (Carophyll Yellow 10%) in sorghum-based rations for commercial laying hens and their influence on bird performance and egg quality. A completely randomized design was adopted with 5 treatments, 6 replicates, and 5 laying hens in each repetition. The treatments evaluated were: Sorghum based diet without supplementation with pigmentant - Negative Control; 150 g t-1 of Yellow Natural Pigment feed; 300 g t-1 of yellow natural pigment feed; 450 g t-1 of yellow natural pigment feed; 25 g t-1 of yellow industrial pigment feed. The Tukey test was applied at 5% for the analysis of the variables of performance and quality of the eggs. The variables related to external and internal egg quality and poultry yield performance did not present significant results (p > 0.05). Only the variable color of the yolk obtained significance (p < 0.01), with an increase according to the number of pigments included in the diet. Sorghum can be used together supplementation of natural and synthetic pigments in the diet to improve yolk pigmentation. It is recommended to include 450g t-1 of natural marigold flower pigment feed (2%) in sorghum-based diets for better pigmentation of the yolk in place of 25 g t-1 of yellow synthetic pigmented, by improving the color of the yolk and not interfering in the productive performance of the laying hens and the quality of the eggs.
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Agarwal, Himani, Sneh Bajpai, Arti Mishra, Isha Kohli, Ajit Varma, Mireille Fouillaud, Laurent Dufossé, and Naveen Chandra Joshi. "Bacterial Pigments and Their Multifaceted Roles in Contemporary Biotechnology and Pharmacological Applications." Microorganisms 11, no. 3 (February 28, 2023): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11030614.

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Synthetic dyes and colourants have been the mainstay of the pigment industry for decades. Researchers are eager to find a more environment friendly and non-toxic substitute because these synthetic dyes have a negative impact on the environment and people’s health. Microbial pigments might be an alternative to synthetic pigments. Microbial pigments are categorized as secondary metabolites and are mainly produced due to impaired metabolism under stressful conditions. These pigments have vibrant shades and possess nutritional and therapeutic properties compared to synthetic pigment. Microbial pigments are now widely used within the pharmaceuticals, food, paints, and textile industries. The pharmaceutical industries currently use bacterial pigments as a medicine alternative for cancer and many other bacterial infections. Their growing popularity is a result of their low cost, biodegradable, non-carcinogenic, and environmentally beneficial attributes. This audit article has made an effort to take an in-depth look into the existing uses of bacterial pigments in the food and pharmaceutical industries and project their potential future applications.
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Tsiailanis, Antonis D., Chrysanthi Pateraki, Mary Kyriazou, Christos M. Chatzigiannis, Maria Chatziathanasiadou, Nikolaos Parisis, Ioanna Mandala, Andreas G. Tzakos, and Apostolis Koutinas. "Chemical Profiling, Bioactivity Evaluation and the Discovery of a Novel Biopigment Produced by Penicillium purpurogenum CBS 113139." Molecules 27, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010069.

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Biobased pigments are environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic variants with an increased market demand. Production of pigments via fermentation is a promising process, yet optimization of the production yield and rate is crucial. Herein, we evaluated the potential of Penicillium purpurogenum to produce biobased pigments. Optimum sugar concentration was 30 g/L and optimum C:N ratio was 36:1 resulting in the production of 4.1–4.5 AU (namely Pigment Complex A). Supplementation with ammonium nitrate resulted in the production of 4.1–4.9 AU (namely Pigment Complex B). Pigments showed excellent pH stability. The major biopigments in Pigment Complex A were N-threonyl-rubropunctamin or the acid form of PP-R (red pigment), N-GABA-PP-V (violet pigment), PP-O (orange pigment) and monascorubrin. In Pigment Complex B, a novel biopigment annotated as N-GLA-PP-V was identified. Its basic structure contains a polyketide azaphilone with the same carboxyl-monascorubramine base structure as PP-V (violet pigment) and γ-carboxyglutamic acid (GLA). The pigments were not cytotoxic up to 250 μg/mL.
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Sanuj, Ashitha K., and Sithara Parveen. "Isolation, Optimization and Application of Pigment Producing Bacteria from Soil." Indian Journal of Applied Microbiology 7, no. 06 (October 31, 2021): 01–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46798/ijam.2021.v23i02.3.

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Color is the most crucial aspect of any item since it improves its attractiveness and acceptability. Different dyes are available in the market which makes their way to different industries. Synthetic colors are more reliable and less expensive than natural colors, but due to health hazards, few remain prohibited. In dye, food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic industries, widely use innocuous pigments from microbes. The work focuses on isolating the pigment-producing bacteria from soil and investigate several parameters that influence pigment synthesis. Bio colorant derived from A1 and A2 were applied on cotton fabric with pigment extracted by the solvent method. Different temperature, pH, incubation, and static and shaking conditions were investigated in this study. Biochemical and Molecular analysis identified both isolates A1 and A2 as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and SalinococcusI roseus. This work demonstrated pigment production was good under neutral pH and at shaking conditions. Both isolates showed different incubation times for pigment synthesis. Only Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited antibacterial action against the test pathogens E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
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HIRAOKA, Nobumoto. "Synthetic MIO Pigment." Journal of the Japan Society of Colour Material 65, no. 2 (1992): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4011/shikizai1937.65.95.

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Almurshidi, Badria H., R. C. Van Court, Sarath M. Vega Gutierrez, Stacey Harper, Bryan Harper, and Seri C. Robinson. "Preliminary Examination of the Toxicity of Spalting Fungal Pigments: A Comparison between Extraction Methods." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 2 (February 22, 2021): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7020155.

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Spalting fungal pigments have shown potential in technologies ranging from green energy generation to natural colorants. However, their unknown toxicity has been a barrier to industrial adoption. In order to gain an understanding of the safety of the pigments, zebrafish embryos were exposed to multiple forms of liquid media and solvent-extracted pigments with concentrations of purified pigment ranging from 0 to 50 mM from Chlorociboria aeruginosa, Chlorociboria aeruginascens, and Scytalidium cuboideum. Purified xylindein from Chlorociboria sp. did not show toxicity at any tested concentration, while the red pigment dramada from S. cuboideum was only associated with significant toxicity above 23.2 uM. However, liquid cultures and pigment extracted into dichloromethane (DCM) showed toxicity, suggesting the co-production of bioactive secondary metabolites. Future research on purification and the bioavailability of the red dramada pigment will be important to identify appropriate use; however, purified forms of the blue-green pigment xylindein are likely safe for use across industries. This opens the door to the adoption of green technologies based on these pigments, with potential to replace synthetic colorants and less stable natural pigments.
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Kougemitrou, I., G. Economou, J. Giovanopoulos, I. Baziotis, G. Leontakianakos, and V. Stathopoulos. "A mineralogical study of pigments used in two Iakovidis paintings: Verification of artwork authenticity using Raman micro-spectroscopy method." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 47, no. 1 (September 5, 2013): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11014.

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For the purpose of the current study, we examined two paintings, an original and a fake one, entitled “Still life with grapes”, and claimed both to be created from the Greek Painter G. Iakovidis. The current Research Project has been carried out at the Centre Nikias, an innovative Research Centre specialised on certification, maintenance and restoration of art works. Raman spectroscopic analysis has been carried to verify the authenticity of the used pigments and also the originality of the two paintings. The Raman spectra acquired confirmed four different colours in both painting`s pigments: red, blue, white and yellow. For the first painting Cinnabar for the red pigment, Ultramarine for the blue pigment, White earths for the white pigment and Yellow ochre for the yellow pigment. In the second painting the colours used verified as synthetic pigments. We identified the presence of Cadmium red for the red colour, Cobalt blue for the blue pigment, Zinc white for the white and Cadmium yellow for the yellow one.
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Mahadik, Chinmayee, Neha Manoti, Aafra Zuzar Mujawar, Meera Nambidas Konar, Peenal Arvind Mistry, and Sejal Rathod. "IDENTIFICATION, CHARACTERIZATION OF CAROTENOID PIGMENT PRODUCING BACTERIA FROM VEGETABLE, FRUITS AND MINI-SURVEY ON PERCEPTION OF URBAN POPULATION TOWARDS BACTERIAL PIGMENTS." International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 12, no. 11 (November 25, 2021): 538–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2021.11.04.

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Pigments are largely exploited compounds due to their chromophoric variations and enticing properties in several applications such as food, dairy, printing, textile and pharmaceutical industries etc. While synthetic pigments are widely used, toxic reactions and effects of the pigments has led to the prompt diversion of consumers towards natural pigment sources such as microbial pigments (MP). MP hold great promise against existent synthetic counterparts with additional properties such as biodegradability, non-toxicity, therapeutics (anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer etc.
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Windah Yulianti, Yiyik, Moch Mahasri Amin Alamsjah, and Riesta P.H. "Pigmen Rumput Laut Merah (Acanthophora spicifera) sebagai Alternatif Pewarna Alami pada Produk Sosis Ikan Lele Dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) [ Seaweed Red Pigment(Acanthophora Spicifera) as Alternative in Producing Natural Dyes of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Sausage Produc ]." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 7, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v7i1.11232.

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Abstract Aquatic resources that have great potential to be developed is a pigment obtained from seaweed. According Winarno (1996), seaweeds are clasified into three classes, namely red algae (Rhodophyceae), brown algae (Phaeophyceae) and green algae (Chlorophyceae). There are three main types of pigment in the seaweed, namely: chlorophyll, carotenoids, and phycocyanin (Lila, 2004). Each type of pigment that provides different benefits to human life. Red seaweed spicifera types Acanthophora be extracted and taken the pigment has a branch color (thallus) are varied, due to the pigment composition consisting of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll d, and fikobiliprotein (R-phycocyanin, allofikosianin and fikoeritrin) (Lee, 2008) . Fikoeritrin is the dominant pigment in red algae, thus giving the appearance of red on the thallus. The use of pigments is very important not only in the food and beverages, but also in medicines, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industrial. It is one of the determinants of consumer acceptance of products offered. Source of pigments used are also used by consumers as one of the indicators in assessing the quality of a product. The use of natural or synthetic dyes in the product will enhance the visual appeal that will increase consumer preference for products offered, therefore, the use of natural dye for industrial cannot be avoided. Based on the description above, this study will extract the pigment from red algae (A.spicifera) with a polar solvent (ethanol, distilled water) which will be used as a dye in catfish sausage with different proportions and determine the color stability during storage at cold temperatures and using the analytical method for determining the wavelength spectrophotometer fikoeritrin extraction results. The aim of the study is getting the appropriate method to produce the red pigment of seaweed A. spicifera, obtain the pigmen concentrate that can be applied to the catfish sausage and determine the stability of the color pigment A. spicifera on application of catfish sausages during storage. The study consisted of two examination to obtain the best dose of A. spicifera pigmen. The first step is to find wavelength of fikoeritrin. The design of the study is completely randomized design RAK with 12 treatmens and 3 replications. The results of the study showed that the red pigmen A. spicifera can be used as a dye in catfish sausage with the best concentration of 0.75%. Concentration and storage time catfish sausage significant effect on the intensity of reddish and yellowish color, but not significantly different to the intensity of brightness and water content. The concentration of pigment A. spicifera different in catfish sausage on organoleptic test gives a significant difference in color, smell and flavor
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Synthetic pigment"

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McNair, Craig. "Synthetic approaches to substituted Ca4B-type azo compounds." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366902.

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Swan, Paul Lombard. "Synthesis of mixed ligand, water soluble square planar platinum (II) complexes and an investigation of their association with haematin and potential to inhibit the formation of synthetic malaria pigment." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9782.

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To establish their potential as a template for novel anti-malarial drugs, a series of planinum (II) complexes were synthesised, their association with haematin determined in 40 aqueous DMSO, pH 7.4 at 25°C and their ability to inhibit the formation of β-haematin (synthetic malaria pigment) was investigated. The compounds synthesised and investigated contained a platinum (II) ion coordinated to acylthiourea and diimine ligands. The diimines used included both substituted and unsubstituted 2,2’-bipyridines and 1,10-phenanthrolines. 2-phenyl pyridine was also utilised as a ligand. It has been shown that the uncoordinated planar ligands interact weakly with haematin with a log K in the range of 1.9 and 3.3 while the twisted or more sterically hindered ligands show no observable association with porphyrin. A series of complexes having platinum coordinated which was reflected in association constant log K values in the range of 4.8 to 5.8. Using a 1,10-phenanthroline ligand in place of a 2,2-bipyridine ligand increased the association constant of the platinum complex, resulting in this series of complexes having log K values in the range of 5.8 to 6.2. It has been shown that when platinum (II) is coordinated to diimines, it is the electron withdrawing properties of the metal which result in the strong association between the diimine containing complex and haematin. Finally both the complex containing platinum cis to two acylthiourea ligands as well as a platinum complex containing 2-phenyl pyridine were shown to have no observable interaction with haematin.
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Kahya, Sevinc Sevim. "Synthesis And Characterization Of Fluorescent Zinc Phthalocyanine Pigments And Its Combination Pigment With Mica Titania Pig Ment." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615041/index.pdf.

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In the present work, zinc phthalocyanine and tetra nitro substituted zinc phthalocyanine were sytnhesized by using phthalic anhydride and nitro phthalic acid precursor respectively under microwave irradiation. Molecular structures of these pigments were confirmed by FT-IR and UV-visible spectroscopy analyses. Furthermore, these pigments were deposited on mica-titania pigment substrate in dimethyl formamide solvent to obtain the combination pigment. FT-IR analysis was conducted to analyze the deposition of pigments onto the mica-titania surfaces. Fluorescence spectroscopy analysis was performed to observe zinc phthalocyanine, tetra nitro zinc phthalocyanine pigments, and their combination pigment with mica- titania pigments. The surface morphologies of zinc phthalocyanines on the mica titania pigments were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Optimum deposition temperature and deposition time were determined by v depositing varying amounts of zinc phthalocyanines. The paint samples of these combination pigments were prepared by alkyd based paint formulation. L*a*b* values of the paint samples were determined by color measuring spectrophotometry. The optimum deposition temperature was determined as 120 oC and the optimum deposition time was determined as half an hour and effective deposition was obtained at 120 °
C. It is observed that, with the increasing amount of ZnPc, the interaction between ZnPc particles increases and they desorp the surface of mica-titania pigment. The best result was obtained with 0.08 g ZnPc at 120 oC.
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Pegg, N. A. "Synthesis of natural fungal pigments." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380151.

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Costa, Asenete Frutuoso da. "S?ntese e caracteriza??o de espin?lios a base de Cu, Fe e Cr para pigmentos cer?micos." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12705.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:06:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AseneteFC_DISSERT.pdf: 1219908 bytes, checksum: bebef255f66d82cd8504a8398fd23379 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-10
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Inorganic pigment comprises a host lattice, which is part of the chromophore component (usually a transition metal cation) and possible components modifiers, which stabilize, add or restate the properties pigments. Among the materials with spinel, ferrites, and the chromite stand out, because they have broad technological importance in the area of materials, applicability, pigments, catalytic hydrogenation, thin film, ceramic tiles, among others. The present work, pigments containing CuFe2O4, CuCr2O4,e CuFeCrO4, were synthesized by a method that makes use of gelatin as organic precursor using their application to ceramic pigments. The pigments were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) spectroscopy in the UV-visible and Colorimetry. The results confirmed the feasibility of the synthetic route used, with respect to powders synthesized, there is the formation of spinel phase from 500?C, with an increase in crystallinity and the formation of other phases. The pigments were shown to be crystalline and the desired phases were obtained. The copper chromite have hues ranging from green to black according to the calcination temperature, while the copper chromite doped with iron had brownish. The ferrites showed copper color and darker brown to black, which may indicate an interesting factor because of the importance of black pigment
Pigmento inorg?nico ? formado por uma rede hospedeira, na qual se integra o componente crom?foro (normalmente um c?tion de metal de transi??o) e os poss?veis componentes modificadores, que estabilizam, conferem ou reafirmam as propriedades pigmentantes. Dentre os pigmentos, as estruturas tipo espin?lio se destacam por possuir ampla import?ncia tecnol?gica na ?rea de materiais, com aplica??o em pigmentos, cat?lise de hidrogena??o, filmes finos, revestimentos cer?micos, dentre outros. No presente trabalho, pigmentos contendo CuFe2O4, CuCr2O4,e CuFeCrO4 foram sintetizados por uma nova rota qu?mica usando gelatina como precursor org?nico visando sua aplica??o para pigmentos cer?micos. Os pigmentos foram caracterizados por difra??o de raios X (DRX), espectroscopia na regi?o do Infravermelho, Microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV) espectroscopia na regi?o do UV-Vis?vel e Colorimetria. Os resultados confirmaram a viabilidade da rota de s?ntese utilizada; Com rela??o aos p?s-sintetizados, observase a forma??o da fase espin?lio a partir de 500oC, com um aumento da cristalinidade, bem como a forma??o de outras fases. Os pigmentos se mostraram cristalinos e as fases desejadas foram obtidas. As cromitas de cobre possuem tonalidades que v?o do verde ao preto, de acordo com a temperatura de calcina??o, enquanto que as cromitas de cobre dopadas com ferro obtiveram colora??o marrom. As ferritas de cobre apresentaram cores bem mais escuras, do marrom ao preto, o que ? uma caracter?stica interessante devido ? grande import?ncia dos pigmentos pretos na ind?stria cer?mica
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Hartnell, Regan David. "The synthesis of novel porphyrinoid pigments." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/37043/6/37043_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.

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Hughes, Eric M. "Synthesis and characterisation of inorganic pigments." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313210.

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Booth, Douglas Geoffrey. "Synthesis and struture of ultramarine pigments." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250047.

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Gatelytė, Aurelija. "Synthesis and characterization of novel black pigments." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120402_093928-15742.

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For this doctoral dissertation there were synthesized and observed the black pigments which are important in both – in art and industry. It was the first time when using the sol-gel method in our laboratory were synthesized YFeO3, Y3Fe5O12, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, ZnFe2O4 nanocompounds, which latter were fitted for the black pigmentation of the ceramic glazes.
Buvo sudaryti modeliniai juodieji pigmentai iš C suodžių ir K2CO3, Ca3(PO4)2, CaCO3 bei Mg3(PO4)2.Vandeniniu zolių-gelių metodu buvo susintetinti įvairūs metalų vienfaziai nanoferatai YFeO3, Y3Fe5O12, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, ZnFe2O4, kurie pirmą kartą panaudoti juodaisiais keraminiais pigmentais.
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Stott, Colin Mark. "Synthesis and photoconduction properties of haloanthanthrone pigments." Thesis, Open University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.255409.

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Books on the topic "Synthetic pigment"

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T, Peters A., and Freeman H. S, eds. Analytical chemistry of synthetic colorants. London: Blackie Academic & Professional, 1995.

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Wanser, Stephen. Synthetic organic pigments. Washington, D.C: Office of Industries, U.S. International Trade Commission, 1997.

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Christie, Robert M. Pigments: Structures and synthetic procedures. Wembley: Oil & Colour Chemists'Association, 1993.

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Liquid chromatography of natural pigments and synthetic dyes. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2007.

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R, Battersby A., Chadwick Derek, Ackrill Kate, and Symposium on the Biosynthesis of the Tetrapyrrole Pigments (1993 : Ciba Foundation), eds. The biosynthesis of the tetrapyrrole pigments. Chichester: Wiley, 1994.

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George C. Marshall Space Flight Center., ed. New directions in phthalocyanine pigments. [Marshall Space Flight Center, Ala.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, 1994.

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IARC, Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans (1988 Lyon France). Some organic solvents, resin monomers and related compounds, pigments and occupational exposures in paint manufacture and painting. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer : Distributed for the International Agency for Research on Cancer by the Secretariat of the World Health Organization, 1989.

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United States International Trade Commission., ed. INDUSTRY & TRADE SUMMARY... SYNTHETIC ORGANIC PIGMENTS... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION ... FEBRUARY 1997. [S.l: s.n., 1997.

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United States International Trade Commission., ed. INDUSTRY & TRADE SUMMARY... SYNTHETIC ORGANIC PIGMENTS... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION ... FEBRUARY 1997. [S.l: s.n., 1997.

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Wanser, Stephen. Summary of trade and tariff information: Synthetic organic dyes : TSUS items 409.46-410.24(pt.) and 410.36-410.44. Washington, DC: U.S. International Trade Commission, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Synthetic pigment"

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Czajkowski, W. S. "Organic pigments." In Modern Colorants: Synthesis and Structure, 63–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1356-4_3.

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Raabe, Marie. "Pigment Synthesis and Breakdown—Color Change." In Recent Developments in Insect Neurohormones, 289–312. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0805-8_9.

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Orna, Mary Virginia. "Copper-Based Synthetic Medieval Blue Pigments." In ACS Symposium Series, 107–15. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1996-0625.ch009.

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Jackson, A. H., and K. M. Smith. "The Total Synthesis of Pyrrole Pigments." In Total Synthesis of Natural Products, 143–278. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470129647.ch3.

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Kato, Shota, and Tomoko Shinomura. "Carotenoid Synthesis and Accumulation in Microalgae Under Environmental Stress." In Pigments from Microalgae Handbook, 69–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50971-2_4.

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Nicolaou, C., and M. Da Rocha. "Identification and analysis of diarylide pigments by spectroscopic and chemical methods." In Analytical Chemistry of Synthetic Colorants, 186–207. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1358-8_8.

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Jackson, A. H., and K. M. Smith. "The Total Synthesis of Pyrrole Pigments 1973-1980." In Total Synthesis of Natural Products, 237–80. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470129692.ch5.

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Iwashima, A. "Microbial Synthesis of Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)." In Biotechnology of Vitamins, Pigments and Growth Factors, 137–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1111-6_9.

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Venil, Chidambaram Kulandaisamy, Ponnuswamy Renuka Devi, and Laurent Dufossé. "Synthesis of Pigment-Mediated Nanoparticles and Its Pharmacological Applications." In Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences, 331–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39246-8_17.

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Davis, Elizabeth A., Kevin B. Clairmont, and William G. Hagar. "Alterations in Photosynthetic Pigment Synthesis in Tissue Cultured Tobacco Callus." In Progress in Photosynthesis Research, 503–6. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0519-6_102.

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Conference papers on the topic "Synthetic pigment"

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Santos, Luna S. dos, Thais C. dos Santos, Timothy J. Brocksom, and Kleber T. de Oliveira. "A synthetic approach to bacteriochlorin derivatives using natural chlorophyll a pigment." In 14th Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chempro-14bmos-r0193-1.

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Manteghi, Faranak, and Narjes Sharifzadeh. "Acrylic acid in the synthesis of a trimetallic nano oxide as NIR reflectance pigment via polymer pyrolysis method." In The 19th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-19-a049.

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Niculescu, Olga, Elena Badea, Ilaria Quaratesi, Rodica Roxana Constantinescu, and Dana Gurau. "Materials for Surface Design and Finishing for Contemporary Footwear – Part 2." In The 9th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2022.v.6.

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Leather has a natural beauty that, unlike many materials, improves with age, and has long been a component of luxury goods such as footwear, leather goods and clothing. It is a natural and durable material, unmatched by any synthetic product, in terms of hygienic and protective properties. Thanks to the skills of leather producers, who take the same basic raw material, natural leathers are processed through different technological processes and transformed into finished leathers for various clothing items with high-performance properties. Finishing is achieved through a series of technologies, using materials that provide the finished leather with the desired aesthetic characteristics related to fashion, colors and special effects (pearl, two-tone, antique, printed, glossy, matte, waxed, etc.). Hand-painted natural leather shoes are also in fashion, to give a personal touch to a luxury item. The work presents surface finishing technologies of ecological natural leathers (tanned without metals), using pigment pastes with a metallic effect, in combination with acrylic and polyurethane polymers, with resistance to light and aging. White and pastel finished leathers with silver and gold effect can be used in creative industries for artistic and luxury footwear (especially for women).
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Jonas, David M., Matthew J. Lang, Yutaka Nagasawa, and Graham R. Fleming. "Depolarization Study of Energy Transfer in the Photosynthetic Reaction Center." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1996.tud.5.

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Electronic energy transfer between the six pigments involved in primary electron transfer in bacterial photo synthetic reaction centers is known to occur in less than 100 fs.(1, 2) In the RC, two bacteriochlorophylls in the special pair (P); two accessory bacteriochlorophylls (B); and two bacteriopheophytins (H) are anchored to a protein scaffold along two branches (which meet at the special pair) with an overall approximate C 2 symmetry. Along each branch, B lies between P and H and is essentially in van der Waals contact with both. The extent of the electronic coupling between the pigments has been controversial.(3, 4, 5, 6) A careful investigation of energy transfer may shed light on the coupling between pigments in the reaction center.
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Sareh, Sarah, Sarah Kong, Lenin Parrales, Anna Jung, Kara Cross, Beate Röder, Meden Isaac, and Ursula Simonis. "Synthesis and cellular localization of porphyrinic pigments." In 12th World Congress of the International Photodynamic Association, edited by David H. Kessel. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.823023.

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Naimi-Jamal, Mohammad Reza, razieh davoudvandi, and Leila Panahi. "CMC Catalyzed Multicomponent Mannich Reaction for Synthesis of Lawsone Family Pigments." In The 20th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-20-a002.

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Woon, H. S., K. Nicklaane, L. S. Ewe, K. P. Lim, I. Ismail, and C. Y. Tan. "Synthesis and characterization of inorganic colour pigment from spent acid." In 3RD INTERNATIONAL SCIENCES, TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (ISTEC) 2018 - MATERIAL CHEMISTRY. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5066986.

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"The genes determining synthesis of pigments in cotton." In SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/sbb-2019-28.

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Mobarhan, Ghazal, Alireza Souri, Mehdi Ghahari, and Mehdi Safi. "Synthesis and properties of infrared reflection of iron-chromium-based cool pigment." In 2017 IEEE 7th International Conference "Nanomaterials: Application & Properties" (NAP). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nap.2017.8190196.

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Karolová, Lucie, Jakub Trojan, and Miroslav Trojan. "Synthesis and colour properties of the blue-violet cassiterite pigments." In The 4th Electronic International Interdisciplinary Conference. Publishing Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18638/eiic.2015.4.1.474.

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Reports on the topic "Synthetic pigment"

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Jones, Robert M., Alison K. Thurston, Robyn A. Barbato, and Eftihia V. Barnes. Evaluating the Conductive Properties of Melanin-Producing Fungus, Curvularia lunata, after Copper Doping. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38641.

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Melanins are pigmented biomacromolecules found throughout all domains of life. Of melanins’ many unique properties, their malleable electrically conductive properties and their ability to chelate could allow them to serve as material for bioelectronics. Studies have shown that sheets or pellets of melanin conduct low levels of electricity; however, electrical conductance of melanin within a cellular context has not been thoroughly investigated. In addition, given the chelating properties of melanin, it is possible that introducing traditionally con-ductive metal ions could improve the conductivity. Therefore, this study investigated the conductive properties of melanized cells and how metal ions change these. We measured the con-ductivity of pulverized Curvularia lunata, a melanized filamentous fungi, with and without the addition of copper ions. We then com-pared the conductivity measurements of the fungus to chemically synthesized, commercially bought melanin. Our data showed that the conductivity of the melanized fungal biomass was an order of magnitude higher when grown in the presence of copper. However, it was two orders of magnitude less than that of synthetic melanin. Interestingly, conductance was measurable despite additional constituents in the pellet that may inhibit conductivity. Therefore, these data show promising results for using melanized cells to carry electrical signals.
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Horwitz, Benjamin A., and Barbara Gillian Turgeon. Fungal Iron Acquisition, Oxidative Stress and Virulence in the Cochliobolus-maize Interaction. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7709885.bard.

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Our project focused on genes for high affinity iron acquisition in Cochliobolus heterostrophus, a necrotrophic pathogen of maize, and their intertwined relationship to oxidative stress status and virulence of the fungus on the host. An intriguing question was why mutants lacking the nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene (NPS6) responsible for synthesis of the extracellular siderophore, coprogen, are sensitive to oxidative stress. Our overall objective was to understand the mechanistic connection between iron stress and oxidative stress as related to virulence of a plant pathogen to its host. The first objective was to examine the interface where small molecule peptide and reactive oxygen species (ROS) mechanisms overlap. The second objective was to determine if the molecular explanation for common function is common signal transduction pathways. These pathways, built around sensor kinases, response regulators, and transcription factors may link sequestering of iron, production of antioxidants, resistance to oxidative stress, and virulence. We tested these hypotheses by genetic manipulation of the pathogen, virulence assays on the host plant, and by following the expression of key fungal genes. An addition to the original program, made in the first year, was to develop, for fungi, a genetically encoded indicator of redox state based on the commercially available Gfp-based probe pHyper, designed for animal cell biology. We implemented several tools including a genetically encoded indicator of redox state, a procedure to grow iron-depleted plants, and constructed a number of new mutants in regulatory genes. Lack of the major Fe acquisition pathways results in an almost completely avirulent phenotype, showing how critical Fe acquisition is for the pathogen to cause disease. Mutants in conserved signaling pathways have normal ability to regulate NPS6 in response to Fe levels, as do mutants in Lae1 and Vel1, two master regulators of gene expression. Vel1 mutants are sensitive to oxidative stress, and the reason may be underexpression of a catalase gene. In nps6 mutants, CAT3 is also underexpressed, perhaps explaining the sensitivity to oxidative stress. We constructed a deletion mutant for the Fe sensor-regulator SreA and found that it is required for down regulation of NPS6 under Fe-replete conditions. Lack of SreA, though, did not make the fungus over-sensitive to ROS, though the mutant had a slow growth rate. This suggests that overproduction of siderophore under Fe-replete conditions is not very damaging. On the other hand, increasing Fe levels protected nps6 mutants from inhibition by ROS, implying that Fe-catalyzed Fenton reactions are not the main factor in its sensitivity to ROS. We have made some progress in understanding why siderophore mutants are sensitive to oxidative stress, and in doing so, defined some novel regulatory relationships. Catalase genes, which are not directly related to siderophore biosynthesis, are underexpressed in nps6 mutants, suggesting that the siderophore product (with or without bound Fe) may act as a signal. Siderophores, therefore, could be a target for intervention in the field, either by supplying an incorrect signal or blocking a signal normally provided during infection. We already know that nps6 mutants cause smaller lesions and have difficulty establishing invasive growth in the host. Lae1 and Vel1 are the first factors shown to regulate both super virulence conferred by T-toxin, and basic pathogenicity, due to unknown factors. The mutants are also altered in oxidative stress responses, key to success in the infection court, asexual and sexual development, essential for fungal dissemination in the field, aerial hyphal growth, and pigment biosynthesis, essential for survival in the field. Mutants in genes encoding NADPH oxidase (Nox) are compromised in development and virulence. Indeed the triple mutant, which should lack all Nox activity, was nearly avirulent. Again, gene expression experiments provided us with initial evidence that superoxide produced by the fungus may be most important as a signal. Blocking oxidant production by the pathogen may be a way to protect the plant host, in interactions with necrotrophs such as C. heterostrophus which seem to thrive in an oxidant environment.
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