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Journal articles on the topic 'Synthesis in molten salts'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Yang, Rui Song, Li Shan Cui, Yan Jun Zheng, and Jin Long Zhao. "Synthesis of TiNi Particles in High Temperature Molten Salts." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 1941–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.1941.

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. NiTi particles were prepared by the reaction between Ti and Ni powders in high temperature molten salts. Results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the martensitic transformation of the prepared NiTi particles. Backscatter electron image of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the synthesized NiTi particles were captured by the molten salts, which revealed the mechanism of the chemical synthesis method in molten salts.

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2

Zhang, Jin Hua, Si Xiong, Chang Ming Ke, Hong Dan Wu, and Xin Rong Lei. "Synthesis and Reaction Mechanism of Ti₃SiC₂ by Molten Salt Method from Ti-Si-Fe Alloy." Key Engineering Materials 768 (April 2018): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.768.159.

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Titanium silicon carbide (Ti3SiC2) were obtained by molten salt synthesis method using the Ti-Si-Fe alloy extracted from high titania blast furnace slag and natural graphite as the raw materials. The phase composition, microscopic structure of the products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The influence of firing temperature and chloride salts species on the phase and morphology of the products were investigated. The results indicated that the synthetic temperature of Ti3SiC2 by molten salt synthesis method was about 100 °C, which was lower than that without molten salts. The “dissolution-precipitation” mechanism governed the overall molten salt synthesis process. The lamellar Ti3(Si,Al)C2 crystal growth obeyed by a two-dimensional ledge growth mechanism.

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3

Grabis, Jānis, Gundega Heidemane, and Aija Krūmiņa. "Synthesis of NiO Nanoparticles by Microwave Assisted and Molten Salts Methods." Key Engineering Materials 721 (December 2016): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.721.71.

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Nickel oxide nanoparticles were prepared via molten salts and microwave assisted synthesis from nickel nitrate and the parameters of obtained nanopowders were compared. NiO nanoparticles with crystallite size in the range of 6-8 nm have been prepared by combining microwave assisted treatment of Ni (NO3)2 and urea solution with calcination at 300-320 °C. Molten salts (NaNO2-NaCl) ensured direct formation of NiO from Ni (NO3)2.6H2O and salts mixture at 350 °C but crystallite size of the particles reached 51-69 nm.

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4

Yolshina, V. A., and L. A. Yolshina. "Electrochemical Synthesis of Graphene in Molten Salts." Russian Metallurgy (Metally) 2021, no. 2 (February 2021): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036029521020051.

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5

Kuznetsov, S. A. "Electrochemical Synthesis of Nanomaterials in Molten Salts." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 164, no. 8 (2017): H5145—H5149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0261708jes.

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6

Kuznetsov, S. A. "Electrochemical Synthesis of Nanomaterials in Molten Salts." ECS Transactions 75, no. 15 (September 23, 2016): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/07515.0333ecst.

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7

Yang, Jiarong, Wei Weng, and Wei Xiao. "Electrochemical synthesis of ammonia in molten salts." Journal of Energy Chemistry 43 (April 2020): 195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2019.09.006.

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8

Devyatkin, S. V., O. I. Boiko, N. N. Uskova, and G. Kaptay. "Electrochemical Synthesis of Titanium Silicides from Molten Salts." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 56, no. 11 (November 1, 2001): 739–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2001-1107.

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Abstract Presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute, Kas, Turkey, May 4 -14, 2001. Electrochemical synthesis of titanium silicides from chloro-fluoride melts has been investigated by thermodynamic calculation, voltammetry and electrolysis. The electrochemical synthesis of four titanium silicides (TiSi2, TiSi, Ti5Si4, Ti5Si3) was to be a one-step process, the stoichiometry of the deposited silicides being correlated with the concentration of Si and Ti ions in the melt.

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9

Wang, Wei, Gui Wu Liu, Guan Jun Qiao, Jian Feng Yang, Hong Wei Li, and Ya Jie Guo. "Molten Salt Synthesis of Mullite Whiskers from Silicon Carbide Precursor." Materials Science Forum 724 (June 2012): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.724.299.

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Mullite whiskers were prepared from SiC powders in molten Al2(SO4)3-Na2SO4 mixture salts at different temperatures. The morphology and phase composition of resulting whiskers were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) techniques. Mullite tiny fiber clusters with diameter about 50 nanometers and lengths of over several microns were obtained in 900°C mixture molten salts system. A new oxidation-dissolution mechanism was proposed for explanation mullite whiskers growth.

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10

Zhao, Shi Xi, Qiang Li, Feng Bing Song, Chun Hong Li, and De Zhong Shen. "Molten Salts Synthesis of Relaxor Ferroelectrics PMN-PT Powders." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.10.

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Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) solid solutions with composition near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) (33mol% PT) were successfully synthesized by the molten salt synthesis (MSS) method at 800°C for 30min using Li2SO4-Na2SO4 and NaCl-KCl molten salts as a medium of reaction, respectively. The influences of processing parameters, such as temperature, time, and type of salts, on the formation and the micrographs characteristics of the PMN-PT powders were discussion. It was found that the PMN-PT powder obtained by the MSS method has a relatively uniform size distribution and a better dispersivity of particle, and an average size of PMN-PT particles with smooth surface was around 0.3∼0.5 μm. With other conditions being kept same, chloride molten salt is more propitious to the formation of PMN- PT solid solutions, and improving the compositional homogeneity of PMN-PT powders.

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11

Li, Hui, Jing Long Liang, and Yun Gang Li. "Studies on Synthesis Mechanism of Fe-Si Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 886 (January 2014): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.886.20.

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In this work, Molten Salts Electrodeposition has been employed to produce Fe-Si alloy. Technological parameters including influence of Molten Salts Electrodeposition technic in aggradation layer appearance and distribution of silicon content along with thickness. The results also show that the size of superficial particles on deposit layer increased gradually, the thickness of deposit layer was proportional to the current density on the deposit layer of Fe-Si. According to the characteristics of ferrosilicon alloy material, configure several kinds of etchant, and by comparing the changes in the microstructure determine the best etchant of ferrosilicon alloy sediment.

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12

DENG, YIQUN, and BIN YANG. "PREPARATION OF 3 MOL.% YTTRIA-FULLY-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA NANOPOWDERS BY MOLTEN SALTS/COPRECIPITATION METHOD AT LOW TEMPERATURE." Nano 08, no. 02 (April 2013): 1350015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179329201350015x.

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In this paper, we present a facile process for preparing 3 mol.% yttria-fully-stabilized zirconia (3Y-FSZ) nanopowders by molten salts/coprecipitation method at low temperature. By this method, precursor powders in molten salts have a high reactivity and diffusivity, and react easily and completely, which can greatly reduce the synthesis temperature. Furthermore, the synthesis procedure involves neither mechanical mixing nor repeated grinding and thus ultrapure nanopowders with a better uniformity and fewer agglomerates can be obtained. The results illustrated that 3Y-FSZ nanopowders particle diameters ranging from 7 nm to 10 nm were successfully synthesized at 500°C.

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13

Yang, Ruisong, Lishan Cui, and Yanjun Zheng. "The Synthesis of Composite Particles in Molten Salts." MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 47, no. 3 (2006): 584–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.47.584.

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14

BUKATOVA, Galina A., and Sergey A. KUZNETSOV. "Electrochemical Synthesis of Neodymium Borides in Molten Salts." Electrochemistry 73, no. 8 (August 5, 2005): 627–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5796/electrochemistry.73.627.

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15

Shavel, A., L. Guerrini, and R. A. Alvarez-Puebla. "Colloidal synthesis of silicon nanoparticles in molten salts." Nanoscale 9, no. 24 (2017): 8157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr01839h.

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16

Li, Zushu, William Edward Lee, and Shaowei Zhang. "Low-Temperature Synthesis of CaZrO3Powder from Molten Salts." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 90, no. 2 (February 2007): 364–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01383.x.

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17

Yoshii, Kenji, and Hideki Abe. "Electrochemical synthesis of superconductive MgB2 from molten salts." Physica C: Superconductivity 388-389 (May 2003): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4534(02)02674-6.

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18

Kaptay, G., and S. A. Kuznetsov. "Electrochemical synthesis of refractory borides from molten salts." Plasmas & Ions 2, no. 2 (January 1999): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1288-3255(00)87686-8.

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19

Abdelkader, Amr M. "Molten salts electrochemical synthesis of Cr 2 AlC." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 36, no. 1 (January 2016): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2015.09.003.

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20

Abdelkader, Amr M. "Electrochemical synthesis of highly corrugated graphene sheets for high performance supercapacitors." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 16 (2015): 8519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta00545k.

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21

Ito, Y., and T. Nishikiori. "Novel electrochemical reactions related to electrodeposition and electrochemical synthesis." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 39, no. 1-2 (2003): 233–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb0302233i.

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Novel electrochemical reactions in molten salts related to electrodeposition and electrochemical synthesis are reviewed to show their usefulness and possibilities in producing functional materials. Surface nitriding of various metals and stainless steels is possible by the use of anodic reaction of nitride ion (N3-) in LiCl-KCl-Li3N melts. Electrochemical hydrogen absorption/desorption reaction occurs in molten salts containing hydride ion (H-). Electrochemical implantation and displantation can be applied to form transition metal-rare earth metal alloys in LiCl-KCl melts containing rare earth chlorides. As non-conventional electrochemical reactions, direct electrochemical reduction of SiO2 to Si, discharge electrolysis to form metal oxide particles and electrochemical plantation of Zr on ceramics are described.

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22

Cahen, S., I. El-Hajj, L. Speyer, P. Berger, G. Medjahdi, P. Lagrange, G. Lamura, and C. Hérold. "Original synthesis route of bulk binary superconducting graphite intercalation compounds with strontium, barium and ytterbium." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 24 (2020): 10050–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj06423k.

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The synthesis route in molten salts allows the bulk intercalation into graphite of elements hardly intercalated by themselves. XRD and ion beam analyses show for instance the possible synthesis of SrC₆.

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23

Pornpatdetaudom, Thanataon, and Karn Serivalsatit. "Effect of Molten Salts on Synthesis and Upconversion Luminescence of Ytterbium and Thulium-Doped Alkaline Yttrium Fluorides." Key Engineering Materials 766 (April 2018): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.766.34.

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Upconversion luminescence materials have recently received attentions because of theirs light conversion ability from infrared into visible and ultraviolet light. In this work, alkaline yttrium fluoride doped by ytterbium and thulium (AYF4: 20%Yb3+, 0.5%Tm3+) were synthesized by molten salt method at 400 °C for 2 hours with different eutectic molten salts, i.e. NaNO3-KNO3, NaNO3-LiNO3, KNO3-LiNO3, and NaNO3-KNO3-LiNO3. Pure hexagonal NaYF4 microrods were successfully synthesized using eutectic NaNO3-KNO3 molten salt. Under 980 nm laser diode excitation, upconversion luminescence in both visible and ultraviolet region was clearly observed. On the other hand, for the use of other eutectic molten salts containing LiNO3, the mixed phases of tetragonal LiYF4 and orthorhombic Y6O5F8 were obtained. These powders emitted only visible light with 10 times lower intensity than the hexagonal NaYF4 microrods synthesized using NaNO3-KNO3.

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24

Nithyadharseni, P., M. V. Reddy, Ho Fanny, S. Adams, and B. V. R. Chowdari. "Facile one pot synthesis and Li-cycling properties of MnO2." RSC Advances 5, no. 74 (2015): 60552–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra09278g.

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25

Zhang, Quan, Guo Feng, Feng Jiang, Jianmin Liu, Lifeng Miao, Qian Wu, Tao Wang, and Weihui Jiang. "Facile preparation of ZrO2 whiskers by LiF-KCl molten salts synthesis." Processing and Application of Ceramics 15, no. 3 (2021): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac2103219z.

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Monoclinic zirconia (ZrO2) whiskers were made via the molten salt method using zirconyl chloride octahydrate (ZrOCl2 ? 8H2O) as zirconium source, potassium chloride (KCl) as molten salt and lithium fluoride (LiF) as a mineraliser. DSC-TG, XRD, FE-SEM, Raman and TEM were performed to study the effects of heat treatment temperature, holding time and heating rate on the synthesis of zirconia whiskers. The results indicate that zirconia whiskers with diameters of 50-80 nm and aspect ratios of 10-30 can be obtained by heating the precursor at slow rate (3?C/min) to 718?C for 1 h and then at faster rate (7?C/min) to 950?C for 3 h. The whiskers have a smooth surface and grow in [001] direction. The key to the ZrO2 whiskers growth is the controlled dissolution and precipitation of the ZrO2 in a LiF-KCl molten salt solution environment.

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26

Kumar, Ram, Mounib Bahri, Yang Song, Francisco Gonell, Cyril Thomas, Ovidiu Ersen, Clément Sanchez, Christel Laberty-Robert, and David Portehault. "Phase selective synthesis of nickel silicide nanocrystals in molten salts for electrocatalysis of the oxygen evolution reaction." Nanoscale 12, no. 28 (2020): 15209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr04284f.

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27

TANG, XIAOPING, YANFENG GAO, HONGFEI CHEN, and HONGJIE LUO. "MOLTEN SALT ASSISTED SYNTHESIS OF LUTETIUM SILICATE NANOPARTICLES." Functional Materials Letters 04, no. 03 (September 2011): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604711001920.

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Lutetium disilicate (Lu2Si2O7) powders were prepared by a molten salt synthesis method. The effects of calcination temperature, reaction time, and surfactants on the properties of powders were investigated. The results revealed that with molten salts Lu2Si2O7 can be formed at 800°C. The particle size and morphology can be controlled by adding surfactants and changing reaction times. The formation mechanism and stability of Lu2Si2O7 structures were also discussed. The developed method for the synthesis of Lu2Si2O7 may pave the way for its application as environmental barrier coating materials.

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28

Gryaznov, Artem N., Daniil S. Slesarev, and V. Sergeevich Dolmatov. "Currentless production of chromium carbides on carbon fibers in NaCl-KCl-CrCl3-Cr melt." Transactions of the Kоla Science Centre of RAS. Series: Engineering Sciences 14, no. 5/2023 (December 20, 2023): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2949-1215.2023.14.5.005.

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29

Liu, Siliang, Jingsan Xu, Jixin Zhu, Yuanqin Chang, Haige Wang, Zhichong Liu, Yang Xu, Chao Zhang, and Tianxi Liu. "Leaf-inspired interwoven carbon nanosheet/nanotube homostructures for supercapacitors with high energy and power densities." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 37 (2017): 19997–20004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta04952h.

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30

Novoselova, Inessa, Serhii Kuleshov, and Anatoliy Omel'chuk. "Electrolytical Carbon Nanostructures from Molten Salts: Synthesis and Properties." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2021-02, no. 6 (October 19, 2021): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2021-026539mtgabs.

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31

Kuznetsov, Sergey A., and Svetlana V. Kuznetsova. "Electrochemical Synthesis of Niobium-Hafnium Coatings in Molten Salts." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 62, no. 7-8 (August 1, 2007): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2007-7-812.

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Graphite is widely used in technology because of its unique properties. A drawback of graphite is its low heat resistance in oxidizing atmospheres. To increase its heat resistance, Nb-Hf protective coatings were synthesized. Electrodeposition of niobium coatings on graphite with subsequent precise surface alloying of niobium with hafnium was studied. Electrochemical synthesis of Nb-Hf coatings from molten salt systems containing compounds of niobium and hafnium was used too. It was shown that Nb-Hf coatings with a planar growing front can be obtained if the concentration and therefore the limiting current density of the more electropositive component Nb is kept low. Nb-Hf coatings with a thickness of 20 - 30 μm have been obtained in this way from an NaCl-KCl-K2NbF7 (1 wt%)-K2HfF6 (10 wt%)-NaF (5 wt%) melt, above the limiting current density of niobium deposition.

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32

Abe, Hideki, and Kenji Yoshii. "Electrochemical Synthesis of Superconductive Boride MgB2 from Molten Salts." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 41, Part 2, No. 6B (June 15, 2002): L685—L687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.41.l685.

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33

Kuznetsov, S. A., V. V. Grinevich, A. V. Arakcheeva, and V. T. Kalinnikov. "Electrochemical synthesis of tantalum monoxide nanoneedles in molten salts." Doklady Chemistry 428, no. 1 (September 2009): 218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0012500809090043.

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34

Choo, Hyun-Suk, Kwan-Young Lee, Yun-Sung Kim, and Jung-Ho Wee. "Synthesis of Ni3Al intermetallic powder in eutectic molten salts." Intermetallics 13, no. 2 (February 2005): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2004.07.042.

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35

Kim, Hyun, and Byeongnam Jo. "Anomalous Increase in Specific Heat of Binary Molten Salt-Based Graphite Nanofluids for Thermal Energy Storage." Applied Sciences 8, no. 8 (August 5, 2018): 1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8081305.

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An anomalous increase of the specific heat was experimentally observed in molten salt nanofluids using a differential scanning calorimeter. Binary carbonate molten salt mixtures were used as a base fluid, and the base salts were doped with graphite nanoparticles. Specific heat measurements of the nanofluids were performed to examine the effects of the composition of two salts consisting of the base fluid. In addition, the effect of the nanoparticle concentration was investigated as the concentration of the graphite nanoparticles was varied from 0.025 to 1.0 wt %. Moreover, the dispersion homogeneity of the nanoparticles was explored by increasing amount of surfactant in the synthesis process of the molten salt nanofluids. The results showed that the specific heat of the nanofluid was enhanced by more than 30% in the liquid phase and by more than 36% in the solid phase at a nanoparticle concentration of 1 wt %. It was also observed that the concentration and the dispersion homogeneity of nanoparticles favorably affected the specific heat enhancement of the molten salt nanofluids. The dispersion status of graphite nanoparticles into the salt mixtures was visualized via scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results were explained according to the nanoparticle-induced compressed liquid layer structure of the molten salts.

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36

Zhang, Liyuan, Mengran Wang, Yuekun Lai, and Xiaoyan Li. "Oil/molten salt interfacial synthesis of hybrid thin carbon nanostructures and their composites." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 12 (2018): 4988–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta10692k.

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A novel and generalized interfacial synthesis method was developed based on the immiscible nature of hydrophobic oily substances in hydrophilic molten salts to fabricate thin carbon nanostructures, with an appealing nanosheets-covering-nanobelts configuration, which exhibited superior performance in energy storage.

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37

Wang, Xue Ying, Yong Ping Zhu, and Wei Gang Zhang. "Preparation of La₂Ce₂O₇ Nano-Powders by Molten Salts Method." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.337.

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La2Ce2O7 nano-powders with cubic fluorite structure have been firstly prepared by Molten Salts method. These nano-powders were prepared at relatively low temperatures(800°C and 900 °C) at different time, using La(NO3)3•6H2O and La(NO3)3•6H2O as raw materials, as well as K2SO4 (anhydrous) and Na2SO4 (anhydrous) as molten salts and dispersant. XRD, SEM were used to characterize the composition, morphology and size of prepared products. The procedure is facile and suitable for the synthesis of the La2Ce2O7 nano-particles and it will be an excellent method for preparation of other pyrochlore type of rare earth zirconate (Re2Zr2O7, Re=rare earth).

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38

Zhang, Kechen, Changxin Liu, Qiang Liu, Zheyang Mo, and Dawei Zhang. "Salt-Mediated Structural Transformation in Carbon Nitride: From Regulated Atomic Configurations to Enhanced Photocatalysis." Catalysts 13, no. 4 (April 10, 2023): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13040717.

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Molten salts-assisted synthesis is widely used in the construction of high efficiency graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) photocatalysts, and two isotypes of g-C3N4 have been synthesized by such method, namely poly (heptazine imide) (PHI) and poly (triazine imide) (PTI). However, the understanding of the structural changes taking place during the molten salt process and the structure–activity relationship of g-C3N4 polymorphs remain blurred. Herein, by regulating the treatment duration of g-C3N4 nanosheets (melon) in molten salts, we successfully synthesized g-C3N4 with phases of PHI, PHI/PTI and PTI. A continuous structural transformation induced by ions, in which melon transforms to a stable phase PTI via PHI, an intermediate state, was unveiled for the first time. In addition, results reveal that atomic configurations play a vital role in photo absorption, and charge carrier transfer and surface reaction, leading to significant differences in photocatalytic degradation. Among them, PHI with K+ and cyan groups modification, as well as high crystallinity, exhibits remarkable degradation efficiency, with 90% removal of tetracycline in 10 min and 80% removal of phenol in 60 min. This study sheds light on a deeper understanding for the molten salt-assisted synthesis and provides new ideas for preparing efficient organic semiconductor photocatalysts.

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39

Angappan, S., N. Kalaiselvi, R. Sudha, and A. Visuvasam. "Electrochemical Synthesis of Magnesium Hexaboride by Molten Salt Technique." International Scholarly Research Notices 2014 (August 31, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/123194.

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The present work reports electrochemical synthesis of MgB6 from molten salts using the precursor consists of LiF–B2O3–MgCl2. An attempt has been made to synthesize metastable phase MgB6 crystal by electrolysis method. DTA/TGA studies were made to determine the eutectic point of the melt and it was found to be around 900°C. The electrolysis was performed at 900°C under argon atmosphere, at current density of 1.5 A/cm2. The electrodeposited crystals were examined using XRD, SEM, and XPS. From the above studies, the electrochemical synthesis method for hypothetical MgB6 from chloro-oxy-fluoride molten salt system is provided. Mechanism for the formation of magnesium hexaboride is discussed.

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40

Li, Xiaoqiao, Linming Zhou, Han Wang, Dechao Meng, Guannan Qian, Yong Wang, Yushi He, et al. "Dopants modulate crystal growth in molten salts enabled by surface energy tuning." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 35 (2021): 19675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta02351a.

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Dopants traditionally used for modifying crystal lattices can also function as growth mediators in molten salt synthesis and enable a high energy-density, high power LiCoO2 cathode for lithium-ion batteries.

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41

Andal, V., G. Buvaneswari, and R. Lakshmipathy. "Synthesis of CuAl2O4 Nanoparticle and Its Conversion to CuO Nanorods." Journal of Nanomaterials 2021 (September 6, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8082522.

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The molten salt approach was used to convert CuAl2O4 nanoparticles to CuO nanorods in this study. Molten hydroxide (NaOH) synthesis was chosen over molten salts (NaCl/KCl) for removing aluminium oxide from copper aluminate at low temperatures. The molten salt process is environmentally beneficial. Polymeric precursors were used to make nanosized copper aluminates. Alginic acid polymer is used to gel aqueous solutions of copper acetate and aluminium nitrate, yielding precursor after further heating. The precursor provides 14 nm nanosized copper aluminates after being heated at 900°C for 5 hours. XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TEM were used to characterize the nanosized copper aluminate powder. Solid state mixing and solution technique were used to investigate molten hydroxide treatment of spinel CuAl2O4. The products of the reaction were identified using XRD. FTIR and SEM are also used to analyze the sample. Using UV-DRS absorbance spectrum analysis, the optical characteristics of CuAl2O4 and CuO nanorods were examined. Using the Tauc plot method, the band gaps of CuAl2O4 and CuO were calculated to be 4.3 and 3.93 eV.

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Zhao, Shi Xi, Qiang Li, and Feng Bing Song. "Molten Salts Synthesis and Dielectric Properties of PMN-PT Ceramics." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 1153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.1153.

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Single perovskite phase PMN-PT powders had been synthesized using molten salts method. The powders of PMN-PT synthesized by MSS had submicrometer particle size and high sinterability, which beneficial to an enhancement of the densification process and a decrease of the sintering temperatures. These advantages have an important bearing on the dielectric properties of these materials. The density of ceramics sintered at 1175°C was up to 98% of the theoretical density. These ceramics had excelled dielectric and piezoelectric properties.

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AlShehri, Saad M., Jahangeer Ahmed, Tansir Ahamad, Prabhakarn Arunachalam, Tokeer Ahmad, and Aslam Khan. "Bifunctional electro-catalytic performances of CoWO4 nanocubes for water redox reactions (OER/ORR)." RSC Adv. 7, no. 72 (2017): 45615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra07256b.

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In this paper, we report the synthesis of cube shaped nanoparticles of CoWO₄ (∼30 nm) by molten salts and their bifunctional electro-catalytic activities in water redox reactions for oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions (OER and ORR).

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Murakami, Tsuyoshi, Tokujiro Nishikiori, Toshiyuki Nohira, and Yasuhiko Ito. "Electrolytic Synthesis of Ammonia in Molten Salts under Atmospheric Pressure." Journal of the American Chemical Society 125, no. 2 (January 2003): 334–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja028891t.

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Fuentes, L., M. GarcÍa, D. Bueno, M. E. Fuentes, and A. Muñoz. "Magnetoelectric Effect in Bi5Ti3FeO15 Ceramics Obtained by Molten Salts Synthesis." Ferroelectrics 336, no. 1 (July 2006): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150190600695883.

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Zhao, Jinlong, Lishan Cui, Wanfu Gao, and Yanjun Zheng. "Synthesis of NiTi particles by chemical reaction in molten salts." Intermetallics 13, no. 3-4 (March 2005): 301–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2004.07.023.

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Burke, Sven Anders, and Jay Whitacre. "Molten Salt Synthesis of High-Performance Cobalt Free Lithium Excess Cathodes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 3 (October 9, 2022): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-023293mtgabs.

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The cobalt free lithium excess chemistry cathode material of the compositional series Li[NixLi(1/3-2x/3)Mn(2/3-x/3)]O2 despite its high capacity has many shortcomings, such as voltage fade, poor materials stability, and poor rate capability 1–10. Our past investigations, among others, have highlighted the importance of the synthetic route on the on the performance of this material 6,11–13. This investigation found a novel synthesis route for Li[NixLi(1/3-2x/3)Mn(2/3-x/3)]O2 (x = 0.25) involving the use of molten salts during the 900 °C synthesis step would reduce the degree of voltage fade seen in materials cycling, and increase the overall stability of the material over the course of cycling. Our samples we prepared using a standard sol-gel approach where the post 500 °C precursor oxide was mixed with NaCl, Li2SO4, or LiNO3, before the final 900 °C calcination, all samples where then rapidly water quenched to stabilize the meta-stable materials phase, but also to dissolve any residual salts and wash the powders before use. These salts were selected due to their different chemistries and molten ranges. NaCl is thermodynamically and chemically stable enough where it likely functioned as an observer species, and Li2SO4 and LiNO3 could have served as additional lithiation sources. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to help determine the behaviors of these salts through range for each salts’ molten regime as well as to help determine any salt behaviors up to 900 °C; compared to the control sample NaCl sample was found to have rapid mass lost starting at 850 °C; Li2SO4 was found to cause less mass loss than the control sample; LiNO3 had rapid mass lost starting at 600 °C when compared to the control sample, suggesting a shorter window of molten-salt synthesis environment. Galvanostatic testing revealed that each molten salt sample had distinct electrochemical behaviors, and many had enhanced voltage and capacity stability. Analysis of the samples surfaces through the use of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), suggest the formation of doped surface facets, and changes in the preferred facet orientation of samples. These methods also revealed that the molten salt synthesis conditions can lower the diffusion barrier between active material particles encouraging Ostwald ripening, as well as increased batch homogeneity. Sources: C. R. Fell et al., Chemistry of Materials, 1621–1629 (2013). Z. Lu, L. Y. Beaulieu, R. A. Donaberger, C. L. Thomas, and J. R. Dahn, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 149, A778–A791 (2002). Y. Wu and A. Manthiram, Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, 9, A221–A224 (2006). Z. Lu and J. R. Dahn, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 149, A1454–A1459 (2002). N. Dupré, M. Cuisinier, E. Legall, D. War, and D. Guyomard, Journal of Power Sources, 299, 231–240 (2015). K. A. Jarvis et al., Acta Materialia, 108, 264–270 (2016). J. Wang et al., Int. J. Electrochem. Sci, 11, 333–342 (2016). M. Jiang, B. Key, Y. S. Meng, and C. P. Grey, Chemistry of Materials, 21, 2733–2745 (2009). J. Bréger et al., J Am Chem Soc, 127, 7529–7537 (2005). Y. J. Park, Y.-S. Hong, X. Wu, K. S. Ryu, and S. H. Chang, Journal of Power Sources, 129, 288–295 (2004). S. Burke and J. F. Whitacre, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 167, 160518 (2020). S. Hy et al., Energy and Environmental Science, 9, 1931–1954 (2016). S. Laubach et al., Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 11, 3278–3289 (2009). Figure 1

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Saadi, L., R. Moussa, A. Samdi, and A. Mosset. "Synthesis of mullite precursors in molten salts. Influence of the molten alkali nitrate and additives." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 19, no. 4 (April 1999): 517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0955-2219(98)00220-9.

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Zhang, Haoran, Mengshuo Li, Ze Zhou, Liming Shen, and Ningzhong Bao. "Microstructure and Morphology Control of Potassium Magnesium Titanates and Sodium Iron Titanates by Molten Salt Synthesis." Materials 12, no. 10 (May 14, 2019): 1577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12101577.

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Titanates materials have attracted considerable interest due to their unusual functional and structural properties for many applications such as high-performance composites, devices, etc. Thus, the development of a large-scale synthesis method for preparing high-quality titanates at a low cost is desired. In this study, a series of quaternary titanates including K0.8Mg0.4Ti1.6O4, Na0.9Mg0.45Ti1.55O4, Na0.75Fe0.75Ti0.25O2, NaFeTiO4, and K2.3Fe2.3Ti5.7O16 are synthesized by a simple molten salt method using inexpensive salts of KCl and NaCl. The starting materials, intermediate products, final products, and their transformations were studied by using TG-DSC, XRD, SEM, and EDS. The results show that the grain size, morphology, and chemical composition of the synthesized quaternary titanates can be controlled simply by varying the experimental conditions. The molar ratio of mixed molten salts is critical to the morphology of products. When KCl:NaCl = 3:1, the morphology of K0.8Mg0.4Ti1.6O4 changes from platelet to board and then bar-like by increasing the molar ratio of molten salt (KCl–NaCl) to raw materials from 0.7 to 2.5. NaFeTiO4 needles and Na0.75Fe0.75Ti0.25O2 platelets are obtained when the molar ratio of molten salt (NaCl) to raw materials is 4. Pure phase of Na0.9Mg0.45Ti1.55O4 and K2.3Fe2.3Ti5.7O16 are also observed. The formation and growth mechanisms of both potassium magnesium titanates and sodium iron titanates are discussed based on the characterization results.

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Inagaki, Michio, and Zheng-De Wang. "Synthesis of Graphite Intercalation Compounds in Molten Salts of Metal Chlorides." TANSO 1992, no. 153 (1992): 184–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7209/tanso.1992.184.

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