Relevant bibliographies by topics / Synthesis

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Synthesis'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 November 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Synthesis"

1

Dai, Mingji, Xinpei Cai, and Yu Bai. "Total Syntheses of Spinosyn A." Synlett 29, no. 20 (September 7, 2018): 2623–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610249.

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Spinosyn A is an important polycyclic natural product with impressive insecticidal activity and has been used worldwide in agriculture as the major component of Spinosad. Herein, four chemical total syntheses of spinosyn A are summarized. Its biosynthesis and a chemoenzymatic total synthesis are discussed as well.1 Biosynthesis2 The Evans Synthesis3 The Paquette Synthesis4 The Roush Synthesis5 The Liu Synthesis6 The Dai Synthesis7 Conclusions
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Huang, Jianhui, Caifeng Li, Liu Liu, and Xuegang Fu. "Norbornene in Organic Synthesis." Synthesis 50, no. 15 (June 25, 2018): 2799–823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610143.

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The norbornene skeleton possesses an alkene functionality with a fixed conformation, and represents unique reactivity. The use of norbornene and analogues as substrates is overviewed; reactivities are discussed as well as the role of norbornenes as ligands assisting modern organic transformations.1 Introduction2 Synthesis of Substituted Norbornenes2.1 Preparation of Functionalized Norbornenes by Deprotonation and Substitution Reactions2.2 Preparation of Functionalized Norbornenes under Palladium-Catalyzed­ Reaction Conditions2.3 Alkylation of Norbornene2.4 Multistep Synthesis3 Synthesis of Substituted Norbornanes3.1 Three-Membered-Ring Formation3.2 Formation of Four-Membered Rings3.3 Five- and Six-Membered Ring Formation3.4 Syntheses of Difunctionalized Norbornanes4 Synthesis of Cyclopentanes4.1 Oxidation Reactions4.2 Ring-Opening Cross Metathesis (ROCM)4.3 Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)4.4 Palladium-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Norbornene5 Norbornene-Mediated Reactions5.1 Palladium Insertion into Carbon–Halide Bonds5.2 Palladium Insertion into N–H and C–H Bonds5.3 Norbornene as Ligand in Mediated Reactions6 Conclusion
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Kohen, Amnon, Priyanka Singh, and Qi Guo. "Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Ubiquitous Biological Redox Cofactors." Synlett 28, no. 10 (April 10, 2017): 1151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1588768.

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Redox cofactors are utilized by a myriad of proteins, ranging from metabolic enzymes to those performing post-translational modifications. Labeled redox cofactors have served as a vital tool for a broad range of studies. This account describes chemoenzymatic syntheses of the isotopically labeled, biologically important redox cofactors: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, methylene tetrahydrofolate, and flavin nucleotides. An overview of the general strategy is presented. These examples demonstrate the utility of enzymatic synthesis.1 Introduction2 Nicotinamide Cofactors2.1 Synthesis of Remote-Labeled 14C-NADPH2.1.1 Synthesis of [Ad-14C]NADPH2.1.2 Synthesis of [Carbonyl-14C]NADPH2.2 Synthesis of S- and R-[4-3H]NADPH2.2.1 One-Step S- and Three-Step R-[4-3H]NADPH Synthesis2.2.2 One-Pot, One-Step R-[4-3H]NADPH Synthesis2.3 Synthesis of S- and R-[Ad-14C, 4-2H]NADPH2.3.1 One-Step S-, Three-Step R-[Ad-14C, 4-2H]NADPH Synthesis2.3.2 One-Pot, One-Step R-[Ad-14C, 4-2H]NADPH Synthesis3 Methylene Tetrahydrofolate4 Flavin Nucleotides5 Conclusions and Outlook
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Sharma, Upendra, Inder Kumar, and Rakesh Kumar. "Recent Advances in the Regioselective Synthesis of Indoles via C–H Activation/Functionalization." Synthesis 50, no. 14 (May 28, 2018): 2655–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1609733.

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Indole is an important heterocyclic motif that occurs ubiquitously in bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals. Immense efforts have been devoted to the synthesis of indoles starting from the Fisher indole synthesis to the recently developed C–H activation/functionalization-based methods. Herein, we have reviewed the progress made on the regioselective synthesis of functionalized indoles, including 2-substituted, 3-substituted and 2,3-disusbstituted indoles, since the year 2010.1 Introduction2 Metal-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2-Substituted Indoles3 Metal-Catalyzed Synthesis of 3-Substituted Indoles4 Metal-Free Synthesis of 3-Substituted Indoles5 Metal-Catalyzed 2,3-Disubstituted Indole Synthesis5.1 Metal-Catalyzed Intramolecular 2,3-Disubstituted Indole Synthesis5.2 Metal-Catalyzed Intermolecular 2,3-Disubstituted Indole Synthesis6 Metal-Free 2,3-Disubstituted Indole Synthesis6.1 N-Protected 2,3-Disubstituted Indole Synthesis6.2 N-Unprotected 2,3-Disubstituted Indole Synthesis7 Applications8 Summary and Outlook
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Giannis, Athanassios, Farnoush Mousavizadeh, and Daniel Meyer. "Synthesis of C-Nor-D-homo-steroidal Alkaloids and Their Derivatives." Synthesis 50, no. 08 (March 21, 2018): 1587–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1591965.

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The C-nor-D-homo-steroidal alkaloid cyclopamine was discovered in the 1969 and in 2000 it was shown to act as an inhibitor of the hedgehog signaling (Hh) pathway, which is aberrantly activated in some tumors. Subsequently it was revealed that this natural occurring alkaloid has also antidiabetic and antiviral properties. In this review we present syntheses of selected C-nor-D-homo-steroidal alkaloids and their analogues and also discuss a general access to C-nor-D-homo-steroids. Some historical as well as biomedical aspects are also presented.1 Introduction2 Total Synthesis of Cyclopamine2.1 Synthesis of exo-Cyclopamine and Further Cyclopamine Analogues2.2 Synthesis of a Carbacyclopamine Analogue3 D-Homocyclopamine: Saridegib (IPI-926)4 Synthesis of Nakiterpiosin5 Lewis Acid Mediated Nazarov Cyclization as a Versatile Method for C-Nor-D-homo-steroid Synthesis6 Conclusion
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Silva, Jane Santos da. "UNIVERSIDADE BRASILEIRA: AVANÇOS E RETROCESSOS HISTÓRICOS." (SYN)THESIS 10, no. 1 (December 10, 2019): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/synthesis.2017.47110.

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Este texto tem como proposta ser uma reflexão para compreender a universidade em nosso país. No Brasil percebemos a construção desse modelo de forma lenta tal qual a forma que o capitalismo se forjou. Desde a colonização até os dias de hoje o sistema educacional brasileiro passou por inúmeras configurações em um movimento pendular que coleciona inovações e reproduções. O nosso corte temporal se finaliza nos anos 1990 com as configurações impostas à Educação Superior naqueles anos pela política neoliberal.
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Ribeiro, Yolanda Gaffrée. "OS MOMENTOS E SEUS PÚBLICOS NAS RODAS DE SAMBA DO QUILOMBO DO GROTÃO/RJ." (SYN)THESIS 12, no. 2 (June 14, 2021): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/synthesis.2019.60182.

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As rodas de samba com feijoada no Quilombo do Grotão são momentos significativos de abertura do espaço a públicos variados. São constituídas, assim, cenas públicas que envolvem experiências sensoriais e estéticas e atividades ao mesmo tempo comerciais, artísticas, lúdicas e familiares que levantam, ainda, questões de ordem cívica, ligadas às reivindicações de direitos. Neste artigo, busca-se analisar como as interações face a face e as relações de copresença entre músicos, frequentadores, funcionários e moradores, durante as rodas de samba, fazem ecoar diferentes vozes e usos do espaço, fazendo surgir conflitos e controvérsias, assim como acordos e compromissos.
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Rangel, Luíza Cassiano, and Ludmila Gonçalves da Matta. "PARTICIPAÇÃO, DESCENTRALIZAÇÃO E CONTROLE SOCIAL: UM ESTUDO SOBRE O CONSELHO MUNICIPAL DE EDUCAÇÃO DE CAMPOS DOS GOYTACAZES-RJ." (SYN)THESIS 11, no. 2 (November 10, 2020): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/synthesis.2018.55913.

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A partir da Constituição de 1988, ocorre no Brasil o processo de descentralização. No campo da educação, esse processo tornou-se um imperativo e os municípios passaram a ter autonomia para gerir um sistema próprio de educação básica, apoiado no princípio da participação; dessa forma, foram instituídos os Conselhos Municipais de Educação (CME). O presente estudo pretende avaliar o perfil, a composição, as atribuições, as funções e a atuação do CME de Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ. O trabalho foi realizado a partir de um levantamento bibliográfico da aplicação de um survey a um total de 10 conselheiros dos 14 membros efetivos. Contou também com entrevistas com a secretária executiva e com o presidente do Conselho, além da observação participante das reuniões do CME. Constatamos que o CME de Campos dos Goytacazes é um Conselho bem estruturado e organizado. Entretanto, apesar de este ser um espaço privilegiado de participação da sociedade civil, ele não tem sido utilizado de forma plena para a proposição, o debate e o aperfeiçoamento das políticas públicas, servindo na maioria dos casos como espaço para ratificar a atuação do poder executivo.Palavras-chave:
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Paiva, Andréa Lúcia Da Silva de. "‘VER’, ‘OUVIR’ E ‘ESCREVER’ SENTIDOS: O PROGRAMA DA RESIDÊNCIA PEDAGÓGICA NO ENSINO DE SOCIOLOGIA DA UFF/CAMPOS." (SYN)THESIS 13, no. 1 (August 6, 2021): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/synthesis.2020.61450.

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Este artigo visa descrever a Residência Pedagógica, sob o olhar da Antropologia da Educação, realizada pelo núcleo de Sociologia, em Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ. Utilizaremos como metodologia a observação participante no período de 2018-2019. O trabalho centra em dois grupos de jovens estudantes nas escolas-campo: os residentes e os discentes do Ensino Médio. Pretendemos apresentar a organização e as práticas do Programa Residência Pedagógica a fim de descrever momentos de interações e conflitos de duas juventudes estudantis diante de um quadro político e religioso. Estas questões permearam os desafios na construção do núcleo, na formação dos docentes e impactaram o ensino de Sociologia suscitando reflexões: como é possível trazer as juventudes para a construção de projetos pedagógicos? Por que e como as memórias discentes podem contribuir para as práticas e formação docentes? Como pensar sobre os sentidos do ensino de Sociologia para juventudes através do ver, ouvir e escrever antropológico?
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Sierra, Vània Morales. "Apresentação." (SYN)THESIS 10, no. 2 (March 4, 2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/synthesis.2017.47716.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Synthesis"

1

Coates, Helen Margaret. "Synthetic studies towards stemofoline synthesis." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238730.

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Nimkar, Sandeep Krishnaji. "Studies in asymmetric synthesis: Development of new synthetic methods for syntheses of natural products." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186538.

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The research, to be discussed in three chapters, involves the development of new synthetic methods which are applicable to the total synthesis of many natural products. Chapter 1: As a part of a program to synthesize new auxiliary agents for asymmetric synthesis, we have prepared a structurally rigid acetal from norbornene in three chemical steps. This enantiomerically pure acetal has been used for resolution of racemic α-hydroxy esters and might be applied as a chiral auxiliary for diastereoselective reactions. Chapter 2: The Calicheamicin and Esperamicin antibiotics have shown remarkable biological activity as site-specific cleaving agents of double stranded DNA. The oligosaccharide portion of these molecules plays an important role in the site specificity. We have developed synthetic methodologies that allow synthesis of the deoxyaminosugar components of these antibiotics and can be extended to synthesize unnatural amino sugars for structure-activity studies. Chapter 3: Enantiomerically pure cyclopropyl ketones, which are available via chiral ketals, are very useful for syntheses and diastereoselective manipulations of common and large rings. This method has been extended to introduce up to four contiguous chiral centers in a common ring. This extension could be useful for the syntheses of complex natural products.
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Hale, Joshua G. "Biomimetic motion synthesis for synthetic humanoids." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270966.

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Liu, Yunqi. "Synthetic approaches toward natural product synthesis." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187050.

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1,2-Dithiolan-3-one-1-oxide exists in antihumor antibiotic leinamycin and can cause DNA cleavage in the presence of thiols. Diastereoselective synthesis of this unique ring system has been achieved by low temperature oxidation of the corresponding 1,2-dithiolan-3-ones with 3,3-dimethyldioxirane. 5-Methyl-1,2-dithiolan-3-one-1-oxides were synthesized by oxidation of 5-methyl-1,2-dithiolan-3-one with 3,3-dimethyldioxirane. Eu(fod)₃ and C₆D₆ induced proton chemical shift studies showed that the major isomer in the product has a trans sulfoxide relative to the 5-methyl group. Low temperature oxidation of 4-substituted-amino-5,5-dimethyl-1,2-dithiolan-3-ones by 3,3-dimethyldioxirane preferentially led to the corresponding trans-1,2-dithiolan-3-one-1-oxides. This assignment was made on the basis of a X-ray crystallographic structure study. Formation of azlactones as well as 1,2-dithiolan-3-one-1,1-dioxide were also observed when some substituted 1,2-dithiolan-3-ones were oxidized by 3,3-ditnethyldioxirane. Three 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dithian-4-ones were synthesized by SnCl₄ mediated condensation of β-mercaptothioacids and acetone. Oxidation of 2,2,6-trimethyl-1,3-dithian-4-one with Ce(IV) did not give 1,2-dithiolan-3-one or 1,2-dithiolan-3-one-1-oxides as anticipated; 1,3-dithian-5-en-4-one was detected as the product instead. Synthetic approaches toward loline were explored. Intramolecular photoaddition of bicyclic olefinic N-nitrosamine did not give the desired product. An epoxide approach did not furnish loline due to unsuccessful epoxide ring opening by azide ion. In the urea approach, the tertiary nitrogen of the bicyclic urea preferentially undergoes a transannular iodocyclization. The same results were obtained by halocyclizing bis-silylimidate or mono-silylimidate of the bicyclic urea.
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Vong, Binh G. "Synthetic studies of lateriflorone and synthesis of seco-lateriflorone : stereoselective total synthesis of ( - )-Borrelidin /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3142455.

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Stewart, Mark Richard. "The design and synthesis of synthetic receptors." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400852.

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Swenson, Helen Rachel. "Studies in synthetic peptides and heterocyclic synthesis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13061.

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The following work documents three studies undertaken using solid phase synthesis techniques. Interaction of the zinc metalloprotease, endothelin converting enzyme-1(ECE-1), with its peptidic natural substrate big endothelum-1 has been investigated via an SAR study, using solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Truncated forms of the substrate had been previously reported to inhibit ECE-1, this was confirmed however the big ET-1 analogues were shown to be substrates for the enzyme. A short study of the substrate specificity of ECE-1 was carried out. The synthesis of vast libraries of peptides using combinational synthesis has been used to accelerate the drug discovery process. Purification of these mixtures has not been previously attempted. 17-Tetrabenzo [a,c,g,i]fluoroeneyhethoxycarbonyl (Tbfmcc) developed for use with single peptides of proteins, has been used to achieve facile purification of five peptide libraries synthesised using SP. The methodology was fully optimised for the efficient separation of the desired library members from all impurities by exploiting the affinity of TBfmoc for carbon. A potential small molecule inhibitor of the zinc metalloenzyme, farnesyl transferase (FTase), was designed. The efficient solution phase synthesis of this novel structure is reported its adaptation to solid phase synthesis is described, with the view to using multiple parallel synthesis techniques to synthesise a range of analogous.
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Scott, Felicia Yi Xia. "Controlled Hybrid Material Synthesis using Synthetic Biology." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86147.

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The concept of creating a hybrid material is motivated by the development of an improved product with acquired properties by amalgamation of components with specific desirable traits. These new attributes can range from improvements upon existing properties, such as strength and durability, to the acquisition of new abilities, such as magnetism and conductivity. Currently, the concept of an organic-inorganic hybrid material typically describes the integration of an inorganic polymer with organically derived proteins. By building on this idea and applying the advanced technologies available today, it is possible to combine living and nonliving components to synthesize functional materials possessing unique abilities of living cells such as self-healing, evolvability, and adaptability. Furthermore, artificial gene regulation, achievable through synthetic biology, allows for an additional dimension of the control of hybrid material function. Here, I genetically engineer E. coli with a tightly controlled artificial protein construct, allowing for inducible expression of different amounts of the surface anchored protein by addition of varying concentrations of L-arabinose. The presence of the surface protein allows the cells to bind nonliving nanoparticle substrates, effectively turning the cells into living crosslinkers. By using the living crosslinker, I was able to successfully synthesize a robust, macroscale living-nonliving hybrid material with magnetic characteristics. Furthermore, by varying the particle size and inducer concentration, the resulting material exhibited alterations in structure and function. Finally, I was able to manipulate material kinetics within a PDMS channel by applying fluctuating magnetic fields and demonstrate material durability. These results demonstrate the ability to manipulate synthesis of living-nonliving hybrid materials, which demonstrate the potential for use in promising applications in areas such as environmental monitoring and micromachining. Additionally, this work serves as a foundational step toward the integration of synthetic biology with tissue engineering by exploiting the possibility of controlling material properties with genetic engineering.
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Kim, Charles. "Synthetic studies toward the synthesis of norrisolide /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3055785.

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Phillips, Andrew. "Studies towards the total synthesis of patellazole B." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269364.

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The patellazoles are a family of marine polyketide natural products first isolated from Lissoclinum patella in 1988 by both the Moore and Ireland groups. They exhibit significant cytotoxicity against the HCT 116 human colon tumour cells. To date however, their full 3D stereostructure have yet to be elucidated, which has hindered their development as potential drugs, and hampered full investigation into their biological mechanism of action and has deterred total synthesis efforts. This thesis describes synthetic efforts towards Patellazole B, which exhibits the highest potency of the three main congeners. To fully elucidate the structure and renew interest in the patellazoles as anticancer compounds, we have developed a flexible and modular synthesis that aims to define the unknown stereocentres within the pertinent region and allow for rapid fragment union. Compound 36 has been chosen as an initial target for NMR comparison studies. The synthesis of all eight diastereomers of this macrocycle should aid determination of the four unknown stereocentres. Chapter 2 describes the synthesis of the C1–C12 fragment, focusing on the configuring of the C5 methyl stereocentre and the construction of the C7-C10 stereotetrad via a boron-mediated anti aldol with an in-situ reduction. In the third chapter, the synthesis of the C13-C19 fragment is outlined. A boron-mediated glycolate aldol has been used to install the C16-C17 anti stereochemistry and a substrate-controlled reduction at C15 delivered the hydroxyl with high diastereoselectivity. Studies into the C¬17¬ methylation are also described. Chapter 4 describes the synthesis of one possible diastereomer of the C20-C25 fragment, as a template for the preparation of the other 7 possible diastereomers. The route therefore employs only catalyst based control methods to install the three stereocentres, utilising a Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation and Evans aldol to construct the stereotriad. The 22R, 23S, 24S diastereomer has been initially chosen to investigate the later chemistry. Chapter 5 contains discussion of the ongoing work investigating fragment union and formation of the macrocycle. A Heck coupling reaction has been employed to construct the C19-C20 bond and a Suzuki coupling reaction has been developed to facilitate the C12-C13 bond formation. These two cross couplings have delivered the C1 - C25 fragment, 360, the final compound reported in this thesis, which is three steps away from the completed macrocycle and six from compound 36. The experimental procedures and spectroscopic characterisation of the synthesised intermediates can be found in Chapter 6 and the Appendix.
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Books on the topic "Synthesis"

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Hans-Günther, Schmalz, and Wirth Thomas 1964-, eds. Organic synthesis highlights V. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2003.

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1958-, Aitken R. Alan, and Kilényi S. N, eds. Asymmetric synthesis. London: Blackie Adacemie & Professional, 1992.

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Norman, R. O. C. Principles of organic synthesis. 3rd ed. London: ELBS with Chapman & Hall, 1993.

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Campbell, Marissa J. DNA microarrays, synthesis, and synthetic DNA. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science, 2011.

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Hayashi, Tamio. Asymmetric synthesis: Graphical abstracts and experimental methods. Tokyo, Japan: Kodansha, 1998.

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Postema, Maarten H. D. C-Glycoside synthesis. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1995.

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Hanson, Maria. Synthesis. London: Stocks Austin Sice, 1998.

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Santamaria, Antònia Arbona i. Synthesis. Mallorca: Editorial Moll, 2000.

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Fowler, W. S. Synthesis. Walton-on-Thames: Nelson, 1993.

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Cruz, A. Oliveira. Synthesis. Lisboa: [s.n.], 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Synthesis"

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Ohno, Hiroaki, Norihito Arichi, and Shinsuke Inuki. "Nonbiomimetic Total Synthesis of Polycyclic Alkaloids." In Modern Natural Product Synthesis, 413–38. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1619-7_19.

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AbstractIn nonbiomimetic natural product synthesis, there are no restrictions on the design of synthetic routes; however, the feasibility of the planned routes is often completely unknown. To discover more efficient and creative syntheses of natural products, and to identify bioactive natural product derivatives that have never been synthesized in nature, our group is engaged in the nonbiomimetic total synthesis of indole alkaloids. In this chapter, we describe our nonbiomimetic total syntheses of quinocarcin, dictyodendrins A–F, and zephycarinatines C and D, by employing alkyne-based approaches and reductive radical spirocyclization. We also describe our efforts in the identification of bioactive alkaloid derivatives.
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Kleschik, William A. "Synthesis of Synthetic Pyrethroids." In ACS Symposium Series, 189–98. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1987-0355.ch017.

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Meguro, Yasuhiro, Masaru Enomoto, and Shigefumi Kuwahara. "Total Synthesis of Amycolamicin." In Modern Natural Product Synthesis, 31–54. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1619-7_2.

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AbstractAmycolamicin (also called kibdelomycin) produced by two species of soil actinomycetes is a potent antibiotic against a broad range of drug-resistant bacteria with a novel binding mode to bacterial type II DNA topoisomerases and with no cross-resistance to existing antibacterial agents. The unique hybrid molecular architecture of amycolamicin attracted interest of many synthetic organic chemists and three total syntheses have been reported so far. In this chapter, we describe our total synthesis of amycolamicin in detail, which features a nucleophilic addition of a vinyllithiun reagent to an α-siloxy-β-alkoxy ketone to afford a tertiary alcohol as a single diastereomer, a highly diastereoselective intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction of a tetraenal with an unprotected hydroxy group to construct a trans-decalin unit incorporated in amycolamicin, an exclusively stereoconvergent N-acylation of an anomeric N-glycoside mixture bearing a cis-fused bicyclic carbonate system, and the exploitation of the cyclic carbonate as a vicinal diol protecting group and also as a masked β-hydroxy carbamate structure. Additionally, two other total syntheses accomplished by the Li and Baran groups as well as syntheses of partial structures of amycolamicin hitherto reported are also outlined in brief.
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Tohma, Hirofumi, and Yasuyuki Kita. "Synthetic Applications (Total Synthesis and Natural Product Synthesis)." In Hypervalent Iodine Chemistry, 209–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46114-0_8.

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Schaefer, Hans-Eckhardt. "Synthesis 3. Synthesis." In Nanoscience, 99–168. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10559-3_3.

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Sakata, Juri, Masashi Shimomura, and Hidetoshi Tokuyama. "The Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Discorhabdin B, H, K, and Aleutianamine." In Modern Natural Product Synthesis, 103–25. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1619-7_5.

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AbstractThis review article summarizes the general introduction of discorhabdin marine alkaloids and the synthetic efforts in developing congeners with a hexacyclic N, S-acetal structure, which are major constituents of discorhabdin. Our total synthesis of (+)-discorhabdin B is discussed in detail following the introduction of the biosynthetic pathway and early synthetic studies, which include the landmark first total synthesis of discorhabdin A. Furthermore, previous synthetic studies on more structurally complex congeners with C6–N15 bonds are introduced, followed by the first total synthesis of (–)-discorhabdin H and (+)-discorhabdin K, which are achieved by our research group. Finally, the isolation, structure determination, and proposed biosynthesis of the structurally intriguing congener aleutianamine are summarized. Then, the first total synthesis of aleutianamine, which involves an unprecedented reductive skeletal rearrangement of N-Ts-(+)-discorhabdin B to N-Ts-aleutianamine, is discussed.
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Tanifuji, Ryo, and Hiroki Oguri. "A Chemo-enzymatic Approach for the Rapid Assembly of Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids and Their Analogs." In Modern Natural Product Synthesis, 145–61. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1619-7_7.

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AbstractThe utilization of enzymes that catalyze sequential reactions to construct highly functionalized skeletons in a single step could expedite the total synthesis of natural products and allow more precise control of chemo-, regio-, stereo- and enantio-selectivity while minimizing the use of protecting groups. In this chapter, we describe the development of a chemo-enzymatic hybrid synthetic process for a series of complex antitumor natural products, the bis-tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) alkaloids. The approach integrates the precise chemical synthesis of hypothetical biosynthetic intermediates with an enzymatic one-pot conversion to assemble the intricate pentacyclic scaffold, enabling the efficient total synthesis of saframycin A, jorunnamycin A, and N-protected saframycin Y3. We exploited synthetic substrate analogs to implement a versatile chemo-enzymatic synthetic approach to generate variants of THIQ alkaloids, by systematic modification of the substituents and functional groups. Subsequent chemical manipulation allowed the expeditious total synthesis of THIQ alkaloids. Section 7.2 discusses the biosynthesis of THIQ alkaloids, while Sect. 7.3 shifts the focus to chemo-enzymatic hybrid synthesis. Section 7.3.1 examines the impact of long-chain fatty acid side chains on enzymatic conversions by SfmC. In Sect. 7.3.2, the conversion efficiencies of substrates with ester or allyl carbamate linkages replacing amide bonds are sequentially addressed. Sections 7.3.3 and 7.3.4 delve into the chemo-enzymatic total synthesis of THIQ alkaloids. Finally, Sect. 7.3.5 discusses prospective expansion of the substrate scope for broader synthetic applications.
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Perego, Giovanni, Roberto Millini, and Giuseppe Bellussi. "Synthesis and Characterization of Molecular Sieves Containing Transition Metals in the Framework." In Synthesis, 187–228. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-69615-6_7.

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Muzaffar, Aneesa, Umaiya Muzaffar, and Rakesh Donepudi. "Synthesis of Steroids." In Steroids and their Medicinal Potential, 59–83. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/789815049336123010005.

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The term steroid pertains to a broad spectrum of molecules with varying physiological roles. More explicitly, they are a class of compounds that are naturally produced in the body of living organisms as well synthetic or semi-synthetic molecules. They have tremendous effects on biochemical processes and thus any aberration from the required physiological range can have potential effects. Moreover, due to the therapeutic potential of steroids for the treatment of a wide range of diseases, many synthetic approaches have been made available to the organic chemist for their synthesis. Most of the steroids that are in use as drugs are still prepared by modifying naturally occurring steroids (partial synthesis). This chapter highlights the biosynthetic pathways of steroids and the approaches to chemically synthesize them because of their biological and synthetic relevance.
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Rostron, Chris. "Drug Synthesis." In Drug Design and Development. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780198749318.003.0009.

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This chapter assesses drug synthesis, which has become an integral component, not only of drug development, but also of drug design. Key to any synthetic method is the nature of the starting materials. Wherever possible, a balance must be achieved between the availability and cost of starting materials and the relative probability of them giving rise to the required final product. In addition to the starting materials, the nature of the chemical reactions involved in the synthetic pathway need to be taken into consideration. The chapter examines the design of drug synthetic pathways, diversity-oriented synthesis, and protecting groups. It also looks at chiral synthesis, partial synthesis of xenobiotics (semi-synthetic drugs), and genetically engineered synthesis.
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Conference papers on the topic "Synthesis"

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Bie, Xiaofang, Song Zhang, Chao Meng, Jinren Mei, Jian Li, and Xin He. "Synthetic Data for 2D Road Marking Detection in Autonomous Driving." In SAE 2023 Intelligent and Connected Vehicles Symposium. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-7046.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The development of autonomous driving generally requires enormous annotated data as training input. The availability and quality of annotated data have been major restrictions in industry. Data synthesis techniques are then being developed to generate annotated data. This paper proposes a 2D data synthesis pipeline using original background images and target templates to synthesize labeled data for model training in autonomous driving. The main steps include: acquiring templates from template libraries or alternative approaches, augmenting the obtained templates with diverse techniques, determining the positioning of templates in images, fusing templates with background images to synthesize data, and finally employing the synthetic data for subsequent detection and segmentation tasks. Specially, this paper synthesizes traffic data such as traffic signs, traffic lights, and ground arrow markings in 2D scenes based on the pipeline. The effectiveness of this pipeline was verified on the public TT100k dataset and the CeyMo dataset by image detection tasks. Template positioning methods including random location and same position replacement were employed for synthesis in traffic sign detection. For ground arrow marking detection, template positioning methods encompassing inverse perspective transformation and lane line positioning were utilized. Extensive experiments were carried out on the TT100K dataset and the CeyMo dataset. The performance between those open datasets and the synthetic data in this paper were then compared. The results show that the detection model trained entirely on synthetic data can achieve up to 86% mAP@0.5 on the TT100k dataset validation set, and choosing 50% of the CeyMo training set for fine-tuning can achieve 77% mAP@0.5. We have verified that data synthesis for categories with less data can effectively mitigate the class imbalance problem in datasets. This demonstrates that the pipeline proposed in this paper is a practical and effective approach in the field of autonomous driving data synthesis.</div></div>
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Koladiya, D., P. S. Shiakolas, and J. Kebrle. "Evolutionary Based Optimal Synthesis of Four-Bar Mechanisms." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41501.

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Graphical and analytical syntheses have been well applied to path, motion and function generation of planar mechanisms. Optimization techniques in common, require “good initial guesses” and do not necessarily converge to a solution. This paper presents a methodology to synthesize mechanisms employing an evolutionary optimization approach technique known as Differential Evolution. The initial bounds for the design variables are defined automatically using a newly developed and novel technique called the Geometric Centroid of Precision Points. Optimum synthesis of four-bar linkages for path generation with user defined accuracy level at required precision points is discussed.
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Marković, Velisav. "Ugovor o porananju." In Synthesis 2015. Belgrade, Serbia: Singidunum University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15308/synthesis-2015-729-734.

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Ćeha, Milenko. "Uloga procesa unapređenja znanja u funkciji postizanja konkurentnosti domaćih preduzeća." In Synthesis 2015. Belgrade, Serbia: Singidunum University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15308/synthesis-2015-303-307.

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Trifunović, Miroslav. "Energy at the Crossroads." In Synthesis 2015. Belgrade, Serbia: Singidunum University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15308/synthesis-2015-186-190.

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Veinović, Mladen, and Mladen Opačić. "The importance of experience with Web 2.0 technologies for knowledge management system development." In Synthesis 2015. Belgrade, Serbia: Singidunum University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15308/synthesis-2015-1-4.

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Vilić, Vida. "Mechanisms for Protecting the Right to Privacy and Personal Data on Social Networks." In Synthesis 2015. Belgrade, Serbia: Singidunum University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15308/synthesis-2015-10-19.

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Samčović, Andreja, Svetlana Čičević, and Milkica Nešić. "Bezbednosni aspekti elektronskih ličnih identifikacionih dokumenata nove generacije." In Synthesis 2015. Belgrade, Serbia: Singidunum University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15308/synthesis-2015-101-106.

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Tatović, Milomir, Saša Adamović, and Milan Milosavljević. "FlyBit - Generator slučajnih brojeva." In Synthesis 2015. Belgrade, Serbia: Singidunum University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15308/synthesis-2015-107-111.

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Tepšić, Dejan, and Mladen Veinović. "Comparative analysis of unicast routing protocols in MANET networks." In Synthesis 2015. Belgrade, Serbia: Singidunum University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15308/synthesis-2015-112-115.

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Reports on the topic "Synthesis"

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Oliver, Sandy, David Gough, and James Copestake. Approaches to evidence synthesis in international development. Centre for Excellence and Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/cpip3.

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This paper discusses the spectrum of synthesis methods available to generate, explore and test theory, their value to the field of international development and innovations required to make better use of the primary research available. It goes further than setting substantive priorities for international development impact and learning. It addresses current advances and priority gaps in the methods for research before considering the substantive and methodological direction of evidence synthesis for impact evaluation in international development, particularly as this relates to the work of CEDIL. This scope encompasses methods for all stages in the process, from setting the question to appraising and synthesising the findings. It describes existing methods for synthesis, including how methods vary and the guidance and standards available. It then considers how well existing methods match the field of international development and the latest innovations emerging or required before providing a research agenda for advancing synthesis methods. In particular, it argues for clearer distinctions between syntheses produced as public goods, and those tailored to specific circumstances; and strengthening knowledge systems through greater use of maps to navigate existing and missing evidence, harmonised outcomes and measures, and advances in automation technologies. Improved methods and guidance are required for synthesising formative research and investigating contextual factors. Engaging stakeholders and working across academic disciplines support the production of policy-relevant syntheses and inspire methods development.
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Davelaar, Elizabeth, Cara Tortorice, Jill Silverman, Anthony DiSanzo, and Megan Blissick. Synthesis. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, September 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1611.

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Palko, K. Synthesis. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330411.

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Dervishi, Enkeleda. Graphene Synthesis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1473759.

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Parsons, Jean Louise, and Kristen Deanne Morris. Synthesis Flow. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University. Library, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa.9546.

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Banks, Harold D. Piperidine Synthesis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada258925.

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Andersen, Gisle, Christine Merk, and Endre Tvinnereim. Synthesis report on public perceptions from WP 3. OceanNets, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d3.6.

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This deliverable synthesizes the results from WP 3 on public perceptions of marine Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR). The main purpose is to inform the overall synthesis report of OceanNets. It also helps inform the other work packages and stakeholders about our results in a timely and brief manner about the ways members of the public view marine CDR specifically
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Tour, James M. Organometallics for Conducting Polymer Synthesis and Starburst Polymer Synthesis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada235933.

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Manna, Zohar. Deductive Programming Synthesis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada206451.

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Ritter, G. X., Joseph N. Wilson, and Jennifer L. Davidson. Image Algebra Synthesis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada207257.

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