Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Synthèse en sels fondues'
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Docters, Tamara. "Influence des conditions de synthèse en milieu sels fondus et des traitements postérieurs sur l'efficacité photocatalytique de TiO2." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10040.
Full textChan, Chang Tsou Hsi Camille. "Elaboration de borures et phosphures métalliques : synthèse de nanomatériaux en sels fondus et réactivité de surface." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066213/document.
Full textThis PhD work deals with a novel synthesis of metal boride and metal phosphide nanomaterials. Nanostructures of these solids are subject to an increasing interest due to their exciting properties for various applications fields such as superconductivity, high temperature thermoelectricity, energy conversion and storage. In this work, the catalytic and electrocatalytic properties of these nanomaterials are explored. First of all, borides of various transition metals, such as nickel, palladium or a nickel-cobalt composite are studied. To do so, a new liquid-phase synthesis was developed, based on the reactivity of already formed metal nanoparticles with a boron precursor in inorganic molten salts. This new synthesis allowed a precise control over the nanoparticle morphology, size, composition and crystalline structure. By accessing such nanoscale objects, we were able to investigate their properties and performances, especially in the fields of catalysis with the hydrodeoxygenation reaction and electrocatalysis for the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction. Finally, the reactivity of red phosphorus in molten salts was addressed, thus paving the way to the extension of this synthetic pathway to metal phosphides
Chan, Chang Tsou Hsi Camille. "Elaboration de borures et phosphures métalliques : synthèse de nanomatériaux en sels fondus et réactivité de surface." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2017PA066213.pdf.
Full textThis PhD work deals with a novel synthesis of metal boride and metal phosphide nanomaterials. Nanostructures of these solids are subject to an increasing interest due to their exciting properties for various applications fields such as superconductivity, high temperature thermoelectricity, energy conversion and storage. In this work, the catalytic and electrocatalytic properties of these nanomaterials are explored. First of all, borides of various transition metals, such as nickel, palladium or a nickel-cobalt composite are studied. To do so, a new liquid-phase synthesis was developed, based on the reactivity of already formed metal nanoparticles with a boron precursor in inorganic molten salts. This new synthesis allowed a precise control over the nanoparticle morphology, size, composition and crystalline structure. By accessing such nanoscale objects, we were able to investigate their properties and performances, especially in the fields of catalysis with the hydrodeoxygenation reaction and electrocatalysis for the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction. Finally, the reactivity of red phosphorus in molten salts was addressed, thus paving the way to the extension of this synthetic pathway to metal phosphides
Igoa, Saldaña Fernando. "Templated syntheses towards new boron-based nanomaterials." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS459.pdf.
Full textBoron-containing compounds exhibit several physical properties exploitable for current industrial needs, i.e. catalytic activity, magnetism, supercapacitance, high Li+ storage capacity and excellent mechanical properties. Most of these properties can be tailored and ideally optimized by shaping the material into nanostructured morphologies. However, the strong covalent nature of boron bonding hurdles the synthesis of nanostructures, as high input energy is needed to form such bonds. This translates in elevated synthesis temperatures, which ultimately also trigger grain growth. Molten-salts synthesis has gained considerable attention as a synthetic tool to yield nanostructures. Molten-salts permit to perform chemical reactions under a liquid media in a range of temperatures sufficiently large to trigger borides crystallization, but soft enough to limit their growth. Despite its success, the control over the product’s morphology remains a significant challenge. In some cases, this can be overcome by isomorphic methods, i.e., using nanoparticles as precursors, which undergo internal restructuration, so that they could also act as nanotemplates. In this thesis work, the use of nanotemplates coupled to molten salts synthesis of nanomaterials has been explored for two challenging boron-based systems. Firstly, boron carbide nanostructures were synthesized from sodium carbaboride templates, themselves synthesized in molten salts. The interest behind producing boron carbide nanostructures has been largely recognized in the literature, as a way to ameliorate its hardness and durable use as a structural material. The template synthesis is achieved thanks to the reaction between a polymeric carbon source (polyethylene) and NaBH4 in molten NaI, which yield ~ 5 nm nanoparticles. These nanoparticles can be successfully transformed to boron carbide while maintaining the nanoscale morphology by thermal decomposition. Furthermore, the processing of boron carbide into dense monoliths was also studied by means of spark-plasma sintering. Once proper densification and consolidation were achieved, the mechanical properties of the boron carbide nanostructures were investigated. We then highlighted a significantly higher hardness and amorphization resistance than the bulk counterpart. In parallel, a layered metal boride system has also been investigated with analogous procedures. The system in question is Fe2AlB2, consisting of Fe2B2 layers intercalated by Al layers. This phase has raised enormous interest as a possible parent phase towards bidimensional Fe2B2. The synthesis of Fe2AlB2 presents several difficulties though. We have herein exploited the templating approach in molten salts from a bulk FeB template, which we demonstrate that upon Al insertion in molten LiCl/KCl yields Fe2AlB2. The Fe2AlB2 phase delamination towards 2D-Fe2B2 was investigated by selective oxidation of the Al atoms. Although delamination did not occur, we evidenced an abnormal thermal behaviour in Fe2AlB2. When thermally treated, Fe2AlB2 expulses Fe and B atoms out of the structure, generating vacancies. This mechanism was demonstrated by in situ X-ray diffraction and post mortem analyses
Delacroix, Simon. "Synthèse de nanomatériaux riches en bore." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS483.pdf.
Full textDuring this PhD we have developed a new synthetic pathway towards nanoparticles containing light elements especially boron. The nanostructuration of such materials could lead to increase their properties like hardness. Unfortunately, the synthesis of such nanomaterials is very complicated. Indeed, a complex network of covalent bond existing in these materials should be organized during the synthesis and the crystallization at high temperature which lead to the growth of the particles. To answer this synthetic challenge, we have coupled two classically separated worlds: high temperature colloidal chemistry synthesis. and high pressure physics. Nanoparticles are synthesized in inorganic molten salts (alkali halides) to obtain various materials such lithium boride, alkaline borocarbides, amorphous boron and boron carbides of different ratio. The study of structural transitions of this compounds is realized at high temperature under high pressure in a Paris Edinburgh or a multi anvil press. Thanks to the nanostructuration of the precursors, surface energy plays an important role during the crystallization and could lead to the formation of new metastable phases. The pressure limit the growth of the initial particles and allow us to visit a large space in the phase diagrams of this different compounds studied in this PhD
Gonnot, Vanessa. "Synthèse de molécules d'intérêts thérapeutique: Rhéine et Méquitazine : Mise au point de procédés de synthèse." Strasbourg 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR13241.
Full textThis Ph-D work in collaboration with Laboratoires Pierre Fabre has lead to the developpment of new synthetic routes to biologically active coumpounds. In chapter 1, we have synthetised Mequitazine by a new route. Key step is a palladium-catalysed allylic substitution on a new allylic substrate. Racemic Mequitazine is obtained by hydrogenation in the last step, but this route could lead to biologically active Mequitazine enantiomer by the mean of an asymmetric hydrogenation catalyst. Two new ways for the synthesis of Rhein has been developped in chapter 2. They are both based on ortho-metallation reaction. The first route has been optimised so that it can be used industrially, while the second one, by changing the electrophile, leads to Rhein in only three steps. Last step’s Friedel Crafts’acylation selectivity has been improved by detailed study of Hayashi rearrangement in molten salt. In a third chapter, a new method for converting -fluorocyanhydrines into aldehydes has been studied
Ouahdi, Noura. "Synthèse de l’aluminate de cobalt par voie sels fondus, caractérisation et application à la coloration des carreaux céramiques industriels." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30273.
Full textThe objective is the synthesis, by molten salts route, of a major industrial blue pigment, the cobalt aluminate. The powders obtained have been characterized by ICP, XRD, DTA/TGA, FTIR, SEM and TEM, UV-Visible spectroscopy and colourimetric analysis by the L*a*b* method. The reaction of cobalt and aluminium chlorides in molten medium constituted of alkali-metal nitrates, chlorides or sulfates always lead to mixtures of phases (Co3O4, CoAl2O4 and g Al2O3) which composition is depending on the nature of the molten bath. These mixture are very reactive and are transformed in CoAl2O4 by heating at 1000°C without any plateau. The double decomposition reactions between the mixed alkali-metal oxyde g LiAlO2 and the double chloride KCoCl3, at 500°C for 24 hours, lead directly to crystallized cobalt aluminate. The powders obtained have been characterized, then tested for the colouring of ceramic tiles comparatively to an industrial pigment. The tests, performed in the moroccan society Union Cerame, confirm that the pigment synthesized in molten salt medium is a good candidate for the use in the colouring of industrial ceramic tiles
Marote, Pedro. "Étude du rôle des sels précurseurs de métaux di et tétravalents et des ions alcalins, dans la synthèse d'oxydes en milieu nitrate et nitrite fondu." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10161.
Full textBenamira, Aziza. "Mise au point d'une synthèse, en milieu oxonitrates alcalins fondus, de poudres de hafnone pure ou stabilisée : caractérisation, frittage et essais mécaniques." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10304.
Full textCapitolis, Jérôme. "Synthèse de nanoparticules d'oxydes de titane ou de vanadium à basse valence." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2018SORUS499.pdf.
Full textThis PhD work deals with the development of new synthesis pathways for low valence titanium or vanadium oxide nanoparticles. These oxides are attracting an increasing interest for applications such as thermoelectricity, data or energy storage, especially at the nanoscale where performances can be enhanced. However the synthesis of these solids at nanoscale is a challenge. In this work, the synthesis of nanoparticles of several low or mixed valence titanium oxides is studied. The approach that are explored are based on the reduction of titanium dioxide nanoparticles by metallic hydrides in molten salts. It enables control over phase, size and morphology of the nanoparticles. The synthesis of V2O3 nanoparticles from molecular precursors in molten salts has also been developed, in order to control the structure, size and morphology of the nanoparticles. This pathway enables the synthesis of a non-identified vanadium containing oxide and lays the foundation for the synthesis of vanadium Magnéli phases at the nanoscale. Finally the surface reactivity of nanoparticles of Ti4O7 and Ti6O11 Magnéli phases were explored by Near ambient pressure-X ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Vigier, Jean-François. "Synthèse d’oxydes d’actinides en milieu chlorure fondu : études structurales et mécanismes réactionnels." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10051/document.
Full textThe study developed in this thesis concerns actinide oxides synthesis for nuclear fuel refabrication, and more specifically, the actinide (III) precipitation in molten salt LiCl-CaCl2 (30-70%mol) salt at 700°C using wet argon sparging. First, this conversion method is described for neodymium (III) and cerium (III) coconversion. The conversion rates are around 99.9%, and the obtained powders contain mixed oxychloride Ce1-xNdxOCl as main component, with a small amount of mixed oxide Ce1-xNdxO2-0.5x for the high cerium ratio. A second oxychloride CeIV(Nd0.7Ce0.3)IIIO3Cl is obtained in specific conditions and in very low quantity. The structure of this oxychloride is described in this study. The partially oxidative property of the conversion method induces the oxidation of a part of cerium (III) to oxidation state (IV). In the case of uranium (III) conversion by wet argon sparging, all the uranium is oxidized and give the oxide UO2 as single compound. The conversion rate for this element is over 99.9% in the molten chloride, but significant amount of uranium is lost by volatilization during the conversion. Finally, the U(III) and Pu(III) coconversion study shows the highest precipitation sensitivity of uranium (III) in comparison with plutonium (III), responsible of a successive conversion of the two elements, giving an oxide mixture of UO2 et PuO2 with quantitative conversion rate. Surprisingly, the conversion of Pu(III) in the same conditions led to a mixture of PuO2 and PuOCl, characteristic of a partial oxidation from Pu (III) to Pu (IV), in contrast with coconversion of U(III)-Pu(III)
Song, Yang. "Design of metal silicide nanoparticles in molten salts : electrocatalytic and magnetic properties." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS498.pdf.
Full textTransition metal silicides are a family of intermetallic compounds, which have been widely studied as functional materials in integrated circuits, thermoelectricity, superconductivity, magnetism and heterogeneous catalysis. Nanostructuration offers the opportunity to extend the frontier of silicon-based materials science with novel phases and diverse properties. However, building transition metal silicides encompassing relatively high energy bonds usually requires high temperatures, which are not conducive for nanomaterial design and not compatible with the traditional colloidal synthesis methods. In this thesis, molten salts syntheses based on element insertion into nanoparticles are developed. Transition metal silicide nanoparticles (M-Si, M=Ni, Fe, NiFe, Co) and a ternary nickel silicophosphide are crystallized in high temperature inorganic solvents, where a diluted and carbon-free environment is provided. The obtained silicide nanoparticles are investigated in electrocatalysis of alkaline water oxidation and magnetism. NiFe silicides demonstrate outstanding activity and stability arising from an original in situ generated core-shell-shell structure, while defect-rich CoSi nanoparticles show an unusual surface related ferromagnetism. Moreover, the study of silicophosphide nanoparticles provides an insight in multinary material design in molten salts and the role of nonmetal elements in overall alkaline water splitting electrocatalysis
Crochet, Guillaume. "Synthesis of stimuli responsive nanoparticles for electrocatalysis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS313.pdf.
Full textPerovskite oxides are studied since decades for their magnetic properties and more recently for their electrocatalytic properties in the context of energy conversion, within fuel cells and water electrolyzers, for instance. In this work, we have aimed at developing new perovskite-based electrocatalysts operating in aqueous media, by targeting nanoscaled perovskites able to interact with their environment and then to exhibit stimuli-dependent electrocatalytic properties. This work was then at crossroad between the development of synthesis strategies, the design of nanomaterials, the study of their electrochemical and magnetic properties and of their interplay. We first describe a synthesis strategy suitable to reach quaternary perovskites by using molten salt media, innovative microwave heating and precise tuning of the oxo-basicity of the melt. We then address the relationship between magnetism and electrocatalysis on the case study of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 nanocrystals derived from molten salts, through the development of an original set-up enabling triggering changes in the oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysis by application of a magnetic field. We especially stress out the important of the composition of the electrolyte for magnetic enhancement of electrocatalytic activity. Finally, we address another way to trigger “externally” the properties of nanoscaled perovskite oxides, by developing a synthesis of doped perovskite nanocrystals and then by triggering under reducing conditions the exsolution of the metal cation dopants as metal nanoparticles at the surface of perovskite nanocrystal hosts, for the first time
Rolland, Dalon Edouard de. "Borides and borophosphides at the nanoscale : liquid-phase synthesis and electrocatalytic water splitting properties." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS261.
Full textTransition metal borides and phosphides present interesting properties in electrocatalysis for the production of dihydrogen. In these materials, the p-block element modifies the electron density of the metal atoms, which not only makes these materials resistant to oxidation and corrosion, but also modifies the catalytic properties. The development of catalysts requires the design of objects with a high surface/volume ratio, i.e. at the nanoscale. It is therefore essential to develop synthesis routes adapted to obtaining these materials and to the search for new compounds. In particular, combining boron with phosphorus and/or one or more transition metals in the same compound could lead to profound changes, notably in the electron density of the metal sites and the geometry of surface sites, due to the formation of specific crystalline structures constrained by the presence of covalent bonds. In view of the properties of the binary phases, all the modifications in terms of morphology, geometry and composition make it possible to control the reactivity and (electro)catalytic properties. This thesis work focused on the development of transition metal borides and borophosphides, with the objectives of morphological control on the nanometric scale, the development of new compounds, including metastable ones, and the characterisation of their electrocatalytic properties. The synthesis approaches chosen are based on two pillars. Firstly, molten salts, which enable synthesis to be carried out in the liquid state and at temperatures intermediate between those of solid-state chemistry and those of colloidal routes. Thus, the reaction media are homogeneous, enabling greater reactivity between soluble or dispersed precursors, and limiting the coalescence of particles. The other pillar is the use of metallic nanoparticles as nanoreactors in which boron and/or phosphorus are incorporated, so as to maintain the morphology of the particles. In this way, we obtain pure-phase nanomaterials in the case of nickel and iron borides, with a degree of control over composition and morphology that has never been achieved before. This control could only be achieved by understanding the formation mechanisms of the corresponding compounds and nano-objects. This understanding was achieved by developing in situ monitoring of the syntheses using X-ray diffraction under synchrotron radiation. We were thus able to identify reaction intermediates in the form of amorphous nanoparticles, the nature of which was elucidated using total X-ray scattering coupled with the pair distribution function. By extension, this particular synthesis route also enables us to search for rare or never reported phases that may exhibit significant electrocatalytic activity for the dissociation of water. The choice of compositional domains of interest, guided by machine learning to minimise formation energies, led to the synthesis of nanoparticles of a bimetallic boride of nickel and cobalt boron. We have also made progress in studying new synthesis routes for nickel borophosphide ternary phases, which are rare and difficult to obtain. Finally, we explored a route for synthesising metal nanoparticles without organic surface ligands, in order to avoid secondary reactions or competitive diffusion mechanisms within the metals from the ligands during molten salt synthesis. Based on work demonstrating the colloidal stability of nanomaterials in molten salts, we describe a rapid and simple method for synthesising metal nanoparticles based on molten salts using nickel as a case study
Tîlmaciu, Carmen-Mihaela. "Synthèse et remplissage de nanotubes de carbone double-parois pour des applications biomédicales." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1169/.
Full textNarrow double-walled CNT (DWNT) were prepared by catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CCVD), using a MgO-based catalyst, which was reduced at 1000 °C in a mixture of H2/CH4, containing 18 mol % of CH4. The selectivity towards DWNT is ca. 80%. Before and after purification in air, these tubes with inner diameters < ou = 2 nm were filled by capillary action with iron and cobalt precursors (FeI2, FeCl2, FeCp2 or CoI2) in melted phases, followed by reduction in H2, in order to prepare magnetic nanowires inside the DWNT for hyperthermia application. The Mössbauer characterizations after reduction of the iron halides@DWNT in H2, have evidenced the presence of superparamagnetic nanoparticles of Fe(III) oxides (SPION), which present very high interest, as they are sensitive to magnetic fields, without retaining magnetisation after removal of the latter. In parallel, after reduction of the CoI2@DWNT, AGM and SQUID measurements revealed the presence of ferromagnetic nanowires of cobalt confined in DWNT (collaboration with IFW-Dresden, Germany). Using the same method of filling in melted phase, gadonanotubes (Gd3+@DWNT) were synthesized for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Preliminary measurements of relaxation times and the control of possible leaks of metal outside DWNT were achieved on several samples with different concentrations of gadolinium. The results are encouraging: Gd3+@DWNT samples present a good stability in time (over twenty three days) and high relaxivities (about five times greater than the current main clinical agents) - collaboration with the Hospital of Purpan-Toulouse, France. Filling in solution with chloroquine diphosphate salt, an antimalarian drug was also successfully achieved. Luciferase assay, MTT toxicity test, as well as HRTEM, EDX and elemental analysis were performed, in order to prove the filling and to quantify the percent of the drug in the sample (collaboration with the University of Surrey, England)
Berthelot, Romain. "Contribution à l'étude électrochimique du système P2-NaxCoO2 : synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux oxydes lamellaires ordonnés (A/A')CoO2 (A, A' = Li, Na, Ag)." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00565834.
Full textBerthelot, Romain. "Contribution à l’étude électrochimique du système P2-NaxCoO2 : synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux oxydes lamellaires ordonnés (A/A’)CoO2 (A, A’ = Li, Na, Ag)." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14119/document.
Full textThe P2-NaxCoO system exhibits various outstanding physical phenomena such as promising thermoelectric properties (for x ~ 0.7) and superconductivity for hydrated compositions. The first part of the present study uses electrochemistry through sodium batteries to deeply explore the P2-NaxCoO2 phase diagram (for x ≥ 0.5) in a continuous way, with especially an in situ XRD experiment that follows sodium ions intercalation. Peculiar single-phase compositions are characterized by a specific electrochemical voltage, and their relative thermal stability is studied through electrochemical cycling at various temperatures.The second part of this project deals with the ordered OP4-(Li/Na)CoO2 system which also exhibits promising thermoelectric features. Its structure is characterized by an alternate intercalation of lithium and sodium ions. Using this system, topotactic ionic exchanges enable to obtain three new stackings, O4-LiCoO2, D4-AgCoO2, and the OD4-(Li/Ag)CoO2 which are first simulated, experimentally evidenced and then characterized. The OD4 stacking is thefirst example of a NaCl / delafossite intergrowth in the same layered structure
DE, ROY GRIVEL MARIE ELISABETH. "Synthese par reduction electrochimique en milieu sel fondu et caracterisation d'oxydes doubles de vanadium a valence mixte." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CLF2E435.
Full textCarreon, Gimello Olinda. "Synthèse et caractérisation électronique de nouveaux sels de buckminsterfullerene." Bordeaux 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR10615.
Full textRamarohetra, Myriam. "L'arsenic en synthèse organique : une nouvelle méthode de synthèse de sels de pentamethinium par action de tris (dialkylamino) arsanes sur des sels de pyrylium." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30257.
Full textVerron, Julien. "Synthèse organique supportée sur sels d'onium : application aux réactions radicalaires." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S060.
Full textThis thesis aims presenting the potential of Task Specific Ionic Liquids and Task Specific Onium Salts as soluble supports for supported organic synthesis. These compounds allow homogenous reactions maintaining high activities using usual concentrations. Their structural modularity allows adapting the support to the required properties while keeping the advantages of the supported synthesis. After presentation of these compounds in the field of organic synthesis, applications to radical reactions using xanthates will be described. Whichever the partner grafted on the onium salt, the addition products are obtained in good yields using small quantities of reactants and purified by simple washing. The application to the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction is presented in a third part. Different functionalized olefins were obtained in good yields and very good selectivity by the application of a synthesis sequence consisting into Arbuzov phosphonate synthesis followed by the olefination itself. In all cases, the onium salt supported organic synthesis showed a great flexibility and superiority to the traditional methods
Ben, Ali Karim. "Réactions énantiosélectives de transfert d'oxygène par l'intermédiaire de sels d'oxaziridinium." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112136.
Full textSome new non-racemic chiral iminium salts have been synthesized from (1S,2R)-norephedrine. They are dihydroisoquinolinium-derived iminium that involve N-substituents bulkier than a methyl group. The catalytic asymmetric epoxidation of a series of prochiral olefins was performed using these iminium salts as catalysts. The corresponding chiral oxaziridinium salts, which are the active oxidizing agents, are generated in situ in this process. The new catalysts lead to higher enantioselectivities (or diastereoselectivities) than the standard salt, involving an N-methyl substituent
Gastaldi, Stéphane. "Les radicaux sulfonyle en synthèse organique : application à la synthèse de l'acide kai͏̈nique." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30091.
Full textHernandez, Javier Ram̕on. "Synthèse et étude de sels chiraux actifs pour l'optique non linéaire." Angers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ANGE0033.
Full textA series of salts of thiolate ArS and carboxylate ArCOO anions, and four-coordinated anionic complexes of mercury were synthesized and characterized using both. The first hyperpolarizability β of these materials was measured by hyper rayleigh scattering (HRS) technique in solution. In general, the synthesized materials show large optical β responses, up to more than 10 times the value reported for p-nitroaniline. In particular, the first hyperpolarizability β of thiolate anions salts is higher than that of carboxylate anions salts, and also naphthalenic anions salts have larger optical properties than benzenic anions salts, indicating that the kind of anion and electronic conjugation play important roles in the nature of the β responses. .
Lacour, Marie-Agnès. "Synthèse, réactivité et applications des sels d'aminophosphonium et de leurs dérivés." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20140.
Full textThe work presented here concerns the synthesis, the study of the reactivity, and the discovery of new applications for aminophosphonium salts and their azaylide and azayldiide derivatives. In the first and second chapters, we were interested in the use of phosphiniminophosphonium salts (PNP) obtained from azayldiide type precursors, as catalysts for reactions in organic chemistry. These PNP salts are able to catalyze fluorination reactions of activated chlorinated aromatic compounds (Halex reactions) and also to catalyse cyanosilylation reactions of many carbonylated substrates, in soft conditions and with low catalyst loading. Theses salts have much better performances than the catalysts usually reported in the literature. In the third chapter, we have developed a simple, efficient and reproducible method for the synthesis of dendrimers‘s aminophosphonium salts. We have thus obtained a new family of compounds with high potential in organic and organometallic chemistry. Finally, in a fourth chapter, we tried to advance in the understanding of the aza-Wittig mechanism. Various phosphonium azaylides bearing heterocycles have been thus synthesized, in order to try to isolate potential intermediates of this reaction. In this part, we have also synthesized a new nitrogenous ylide: the diphenyldiazaylide phosphonium. The latter displays an enhanced reactivity in aza-Wittig reaction and a very promising potential in coordination chemistry
Rémond, Emmanuelle. "Synthèse stéréosélective de sels de phosphonium chiraux : application pour la préparation d’acides aminés insaturés." Dijon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DIJOS091.
Full textChardin, Charline. "Design et synthèse de nouveaux sels organiques pour le développement de polyélectrolytes." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC278/document.
Full textSince the beginning of the 21th century, Ionic liquids (ILs) have been an important source of innovation in chemical academic and industrial research because they can be synthesized, modulated and used then in many applications. Because of their advantages, ILs are of great interest in the field of polymer materials. Thus, this work describes the synthesis of original organic salts to develop innovative polyelectrolytes. For this, we have developed new routes to access to imidazolium salts functionalized by reactive epoxide functions thanks to the development of an effective and flexible oxidative methodology, feasible on a large scale. The thermal analysis of this salts revealed a very good thermal stability up to 400°C and a low glass transition temperature between -60 °C and -26 °C generally. Following these results, the study was extended to anions to provide epoxides associated with novel sulfonimides. During this second phase, the insertion of epoxide functions on the sulfonimide anion was successfully carried out allowing access to different prepolymers such as a triepoxide cation/anion. In a second part, we carried out a mechanistic study using a monoepoxide salt in the presence of different amines to identify the main active sites during the polymerization. According to this information, we have confirmed the stability of the imidazolium and the very good reactivity of the epoxide with various amines leading to a better understanding of the overall architecture of the network. From this work, a novel epoxy network was prepared in collaboration with the polymer materials engineering laboratory (IMP) of INSA of Lyon. For this, a diepoxide salt was selected and copolymerized in the presence of a diamine hardener (Jeffamine D230) in order to design flexible epoxy/amine networks having very interesting properties in comparison with conventional epoxy networks
Nuhant, Philippe. "Synthèse d'acylphloroglucinols polyisoprénylésSynthèse totale de la (+-) clusianoneUtilisation des aminopentadiènals et des sels de glutaconaldéhyde pour la synthèse d'alcaloïdes." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112267.
Full textThe topic of the first part of this work is the synthesis of polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs). The building of the bicyclo [3. 3. 1] noname 2,4,9- trione system belonging to the compounds was envisaged according to two different strategies. The first one corresponds to an α,α’-annelation reaction of a silylated enol ether derived from a cyclohexanone by malonyl dichloride. This allowed us to achieve the total synthesis of the clusianone. Moreover, the side products of this reaction would arise from structural rearrangements involving intermediates close to those imagined in the biogenetic scenario of the PPAPs’ formation. The second strategy is inspired by the biogenetic hypothesis. An original method for alkylation of phloroglucinol in aqueous medium led to trialky compounds having a gem-disubstitution which, by a reaction of c-benzolylation, led the synthesis of benzoylphloroglucinols, biogenetic precursors of bicyclononanetriones. However, cyclisation tries turned out to be problematic. In spite of our efforts, only a very simplified could be obtained. The second part of this manuscript concerns the electrophilic activation of aminopentadienals involving diacylated species of N-acyliminium type. This reactivity was highlighted in a Pictet-Spengler reaction, leading to dopamine and indole alkaloids. An original method of cyclization using a Michel addition of an aliphatic aminonitrile to a α,β-unsaturated aldehyde led to the formal synthesis of emetine, as well that of structural counterparts. The last part in an exploratory work concerning the synthesis of the pentacyclic core of manadomanzamines according to two strategies. The first one corresponds to a formal cycloaddition between two units coming from aminopentadienals, whereas the second corresponds to a rearrangement following a reaction between a dihydropyridinium salt and a glutaconaldehyde salt
Villotte, Ségolène. "Synthèse et étude de photoamorceurs originaux pour la synthèse de polymères en 3D." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/190215_VILLOTTE_633x188tbzzqg92pqhsb517fvdfw_TH.pdf.
Full text3D printing is a technology in full development to such an extent that it is considered as the fourth industrial revolution since it has led to a new way of designing and producing objects. Indeed, from a computer model, it is now possible to easily prepare objects with complex shapes and unique properties. However, this technology has a very long production time and once manufactured, the properties of the objects obtained are difficult to tune. Thus, the work developed during this PhD thesis has a dual purpose. The first is to synthesize new photoinitiators for 3D printers using photopolymerization. In this case, we choosed coumpounds known for their efficiencies in radical polymerization and cationic polymerization: the iodonium salts. These were grafted with chromophores known for their excellent photosensitization capabilities of iodonium salts: naphthalimides. The objective is to study the initiation possibilities of such iodonium salts in cationic and radical polymerization at 405 nm, wavelength chosen to initiate the photopolymerization of 3D printers. Moreover, we studied the impact of the nature of the counter anion. In addition, we investigated the applicability of reversible termination polymerization to 3D polymer synthesis. Indeed, we studied the possibility of synthesizing a first polymer in 3D via nitroxide mediated photopolymerization and to use the latter as macroinitiator of the polymerization of a second monomer
Aupoix, Audrey. "Les sels d'azolium précurseurs de carbène N-hétérocycliques : synthèse et applications en catalyse." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112320.
Full textThis work deals with, at first, the development of a new methodology for the synthesis of azolium and pyridinium ionic liquids, using solvent-free microwave activation conditions. The azolium salts, precursors of N-heterocyclic carbenes, were tested as pre-catalysts in the benzoin condensation reaction and Stetter reaction. Good yields were obtained in short reaction times. Secondly, chiral azolium salts as NHC precursors, were synthesized, from (S)-pyroglutamic acid and isosorbide, for asymmetric catalysis applications. Several azolium salts were prepared in 4 or 6 steps in good overall yields. Some different chiral salts synthesized were tested as pre-catalysts in the asymmetric benzoin condensation and Stetter reaction. However, only low enantioselectivities were obtained. The salts derived from (S)-pyroglutamic acid were also used as NHC precursors in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones. Good enantioselectivities up to 90% were observed. The arylation of aromatic aldehydes was also studied. The complexes formed showed good catalytic activities but didn't lead to any enantioselectivities
Grenier, Jérôme. "Synthèse et réactivité de sels et ylures de 2,5-dihydro-phospholium. Applications à la synthèse de composés di- et triéniques." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20219.
Full textIzquierdo, Albert. "Synthèse de nouveaux sels de carboxonium hepta-et nonacarbonés : accès à de nouvelles streptocyanines." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30106.
Full textOuach, Aziz. "Les sels d'onium à tâche spécifique : nouveaux supports (hydro-) solubles pour la synthèse organique." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S130.
Full textPeixoto, Sabrina. "Synthèse biomimétique du cœur tricyclique d'un alcaloïde marin de la famille des manzamines : la saraïne AEtude de la réactivité des aminopentadiènals vis à vis des ions N-acyliminium : application à la synthèse de la nicotine et d'analogues." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112211.
Full textMost of the manzamine alkaloids, extracted from marine sponges, have complex polycyclic structures and interesting biological activities. A general strategy to synthesize these molecules, from common molecular bricks, has been developed following a biogenetical proposal involving aminopentadienals as key intermediates. The topic of the first part of this work is dedicated to the preparation of these species and to the analysis of their reactivity towards electrophiles. More precisely, this study concerns the addition of 5-alkylaminopenta-2,4-dienals onto N-acyliminium ions, generated from α-hydroxycarbamates, which allowed the formation of pyridinium salts substituted at their 3-position by a saturated nitrogen heterocycle. Starting from those pyridinium salts, an original synthesis of nicotine and analogs was achieved. The second part of this manuscript is dedicated to the synthesis of the tricyclic core of sarain A, a manzamine alkaloid, according to the biosynthesis hypothesis elaborated in our laboratory. Following this proposal, we imagined and tested two pathways in order to obtain the tricyclic core of this alkaloid. The first route involves the elaboration of a functionalized dihydropyridinium salt which was then condensed with a glutaconaldehyde salt in order to form a bicyclic system. However, cyclization tests turned out to be problematic. The success of the second strategy did not prompt us to pursue this route. Ln the second route tested, the elaboration of a highly functionalized bicyclic system allowed us to achieve, through a biomimetic and therefore original route, the synthesis of a 6,11-diazatricylo[ 5. 4. 0. 0 4,8]undecane system as a model for sarain A core
Mouchet, Patrick. "Synthèse de polyoxydes de polyphosphines, extractants d'actinides." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20237.
Full textMejdi, Hechmi. "Synthèse et étude du comportement dans l'amidure de sodium des chlorures d'azoniaspiro(x,y)alcanes substitués." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10133.
Full textCahyono, Bambang. "Déméthylation des sels de méthylammonium par le diphénylphosphure de lithium." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20217.
Full textRoche, Céline. "Les liquides ioniques et sels d'onium à tâche spécifique comme nouveaux supports solubles : application à la synthèse peptidique." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S062.
Full textBayssade, Sylvie. "Synthèse et réactivité des mono- et diylures d'ammonium." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20181.
Full textTripathi, Sadhana. "Synthèse et caractérisation des propriétés photophysiques d'une série de sels de pyrylium à structure bloquée." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112073.
Full textDi, Marcello Eric. "Synthèse dans les flux de sels de grains fins d'hexaferrite de baryum pour l'enregistrement magnétique." Grenoble INPG, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPG0034.
Full textCurci, Michèle. "Synthèse de monomères (méth)acryliques soufrés et/ou phosphorés comportant des fonctions pouvant générer des sels." Metz, 1992. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1992/Curci.Michele.SMZ9241.pdf.
Full textWatersoluble acrylic monomers containing sulfur and/or phosphorus have been synthesized in this thesis. Various salts-geneating functions have been introduced in the esterificant chain or in alpha position of the acrylic system. For this, simple methods have been investigated : condensation on acrylic system or transformation of groups already located in an acrylic monomer. Thus, (meth)acrylic sulphonates and sulphates have been obtained. New sulphured compounds containing acid function have been prepared and patented by Elf-Atochem. The reactivity of the acid function have also been studied. Phosphonic acid groups have been introduced in sulphurated (meth)acrylic monomers. Thio(meth)acrylic containing acid or phosphonic function have also been synthesized. Finally, the synthesis of (meth)acrylic xanthates and dithiocarbonates have been approached
Sallé, Marc. "Nouveaux pi-donneurs géants dérivés du tetrathiafulvalène (TTF) : synthèse, étude électrochimique et oxydation en sels correspondants." Angers, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ANGE0012.
Full textLaronze, Nathalie. "Synthèse et étude structurale de sels mixtes d'ammonium, de cesium et de vanadyle des acides phosphomolybdiques et vanadophosphomolybdiques : application à la deshydrogénation oxydante de l'acide isobutyrique." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001VERS0025.
Full textFrérot, Eric. "Sels d'halogénophosphonium : réactifs pour le couplage des acides aminés N-méthylés et de l'acide alpha-aminoisobutyrique." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20172.
Full textGnonlonfoun, Noukpo. "Synthèse du loliolide et de composés apparentés : utilisation de sels stanneux et mercuriques comme agents de cyclisation électrophile." Tours, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOUR4013.
Full textL'her, Matthieu. "Synthèse de matériaux ioniques luminescents pour la détection." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAE010.
Full textDetector of ionizing radiation is a key challenge for both civil and military applications. New prototype of ionizing radiation discrimination helps us against technological accident and terrorism act. For instance, neutron of low energy is sign of fissile material. However current detectors require helium 3 which is scarce resource. Thus, a sustainable alternative has to be found. A convergent approach to synthesis active luminescent salt materials cope both. It identities and discriminate ionizing radiation. Especially for small cell in gas phase, this approach allows to develop new material to detect them. Based on imidazolium salt, ionic material has remarkable property with the benefit of being scalable.This project aims to explore new synthesis methods of luminescent imidazolium and their properties to identify ionizing radiation characteristic
Chiron-Charrier, Muriel. "Étude de la réactivité de sels alcalins de l'acide isocyanurique : application a la synthèse d'isocyanurates mono ou trisubstitués." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10290.
Full textBouguessa, Sabrina. "Synthèse de TTF et BI-TTF à ligands azotes, précurseurs potentiels de sels à propriétés électriques et magnétiques : Etude préliminaire des matériaux résultants." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20013.
Full textLeleu, Stéphane. "Développement d'un nouvel agent de transfert nucléophile par l'utilisation de sels de quinoléinium : application à la synthèse asymétrique : Mise au point d'un agent de ligation chimique native en synthèse peptidique." INSA de Rouen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ISAM0006.
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