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1

Wong, Laurence. "Syntax and Translatability." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 52, no. 2 (November 17, 2006): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.52.2.02won.

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Abstract This paper discusses the relationship between syntax and translatability, particularly in respect of literary texts. By translatability is meant the degree of ease with which one language lends itself to translation into another language. Through practice in the translation between Chinese and some of the major European languages, such as English, French, Italian, German, Spanish, Latin, and Greek, as well as between the European languages themselves, it can be found that translating between the European languages is much easier than translating between Chinese and any one of the European languages. Of all the factors that determine whether a language translates more readily or less readily into another language, syntactic differences constitute one of the most decisive. This is because the translator is, during the translation process, constantly dealing with syntax in two directions: the syntax of the source language on the one hand and the syntax of the target language on the other. As a result, problems arising from the syntactic differences between the two languages are bound to figure more prominently than those arising from the differences between individual lexical items and phrases or between cultures. In this paper, syntax will be studied and analysed with reference to Chinese, English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Latin, and Greek texts. Finally, it will be shown that, mainly because of syntactic differences, there is a higher degree of translatability between any two of the above European languages (which are members of the Indo-European family) than between Chinese (which is a member of the Sino-Tibetan family) and any one of these European languages, and that the syntax of any one of these European languages can cope comfortably with Chinese syntax, but not the other way round. Résumé Cet article traite de la relation entre la syntaxe et la traduisibilité, en particulier, en ce qui concerne les textes littéraires. On entend par traduisibilité le degré de facilité avec laquelle une langue se prête à la traduction dans une autre. Par la pratique de la traduction entre le chinois et quelques-unes des principales langues européennes, comme l’anglais, le français, l’italien, l’allemand, l’espagnol, le latin et le grec, ainsi qu’entre les langues européennes mêmes, on s’aperçoit qu’il est beaucoup plus facile de traduire entre les langues européennes qu’entre le chinois et n’importe quelle langue européenne. Parmi tous les facteurs qui déterminent si une langue se traduit plus ou moins aisément dans une autre, les différences syntactiques comptent parmi les plus décisifs. Ceci est dû au fait que le traducteur, pendant le processus de traduction, est constamment confronté à une syntaxe dans deux directions : la syntaxe de la langue source, d’une part, et la syntaxe de la langue cible, d’autre part. En conséquence, les problèmes dus à des différences syntactiques entre les deux langues doivent nécessairement apparaître de manière plus évidente que ceux provenant de différences entre les syntagmes et éléments lexicaux individuels ou entre les cultures. Dans cet article, la syntaxe sera étudiée et analysée en référence à des textes en chinois, anglais, français, allemand, italien, espagnol, latin et grec. Enfin, il montrera qu’en raison des différences syntactiques surtout, la traduisibilité est plus grande entre deux langues européennes précitées quelles qu’elles soient (qui appartiennent à la famille indo-européenne) qu’entre le chinois (qui appartient à la famille sino-tibétaine) et une quelconque de ces langues européennes. Il montrera que la syntaxe de toute langue européenne peut sans difficulté venir à bout de n’importe quelle syntaxe chinoise, mais que l’inverse n’est pas vrai.
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2

Daud, Abdulhalim, and Ali Ajam. "USE OF COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ COMPREHENSION ON SYNTAX." Humano: Jurnal Penelitian 12, no. 1 (July 4, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33387/hjp.v12i1.2759.

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Syntex subject is one of the subjects that students of English Education Study Program should take it. Having online teaching in a pandemic situation is challenging for the instructor to build their students' comprehension of the concept of syntax, Structural Approach, and Syntactic Marker. Finding an appropriate tool is needed. Computer-assisted instruction was designed to be applied in the teaching and learning process to enhance students’ comprehension of syntax subjects. There were 35 students involved in this study. This study was conducted in 14 meetings. Data were collected through pre-test and post-test. In data analysis, descriptive and Inferential statistics (t-test) were applied. The result of data analysis shows that students have a good comprehension of syntax. Computer-assisted instruction is effective in helping students to improve their syntax comprehension related to the concept of syntax, Structural Approach, and Syntactic Marker.Â
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3

Daud, Abdulhalim, and Ali Ajam. "USE OF COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ COMPREHENSION ON SYNTAX." Humano: Jurnal Penelitian 12, no. 1 (July 4, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33387/humano.v12i1.2759.

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Syntex subject is one of the subjects that students of English Education Study Program should take it. Having online teaching in a pandemic situation is challenging for the instructor to build their students' comprehension of the concept of syntax, Structural Approach, and Syntactic Marker. Finding an appropriate tool is needed. Computer-assisted instruction was designed to be applied in the teaching and learning process to enhance students’ comprehension of syntax subjects. There were 35 students involved in this study. This study was conducted in 14 meetings. Data were collected through pre-test and post-test. In data analysis, descriptive and Inferential statistics (t-test) were applied. The result of data analysis shows that students have a good comprehension of syntax. Computer-assisted instruction is effective in helping students to improve their syntax comprehension related to the concept of syntax, Structural Approach, and Syntactic Marker.Â
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4

Daud, Abdulhalim, and Ali Ajam. "USE OF COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ COMPREHENSION ON SYNTAX." Humano: Jurnal Penelitian 12, no. 1 (July 4, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33387/hjp.v12i1.2759.

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Syntex subject is one of the subjects that students of English Education Study Program should take it. Having online teaching in a pandemic situation is challenging for the instructor to build their students' comprehension of the concept of syntax, Structural Approach, and Syntactic Marker. Finding an appropriate tool is needed. Computer-assisted instruction was designed to be applied in the teaching and learning process to enhance students’ comprehension of syntax subjects. There were 35 students involved in this study. This study was conducted in 14 meetings. Data were collected through pre-test and post-test. In data analysis, descriptive and Inferential statistics (t-test) were applied. The result of data analysis shows that students have a good comprehension of syntax. Computer-assisted instruction is effective in helping students to improve their syntax comprehension related to the concept of syntax, Structural Approach, and Syntactic Marker.Â
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5

Walkden, George. "The correspondence problem in syntactic reconstruction." Diachronica 30, no. 1 (April 12, 2013): 95–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.30.1.04wal.

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While considerable swathes of the phonology and morphology of proto-languages have been reconstructed using the comparative method, syntax has lagged behind. Jeffers (1976) and Lightfoot (2002a), among others, have questioned whether syntax can be reconstructed at all, claiming that a fundamental problem exists in applying the techniques of phonological reconstruction to syntax. Others, such as Harris & Campbell (1995) and, following them, Barðdal & Eythórsson (2012), have claimed that the problem does not arise in their frameworks. This paper critically examines the isomorphism between phonological and syntactic reconstruction, made possible by an ‘item-based’ view of syntactic variation as assumed within Minimalist theories of syntax as well as Construction Grammar and others. A case study dealing with the ‘middle voice’ suffix -sk in early North Germanic is presented in support of the approach. While the conclusion drawn is not as pessimistic as that of Lightfoot (2002a), it is argued that the ‘correspondence problem’ is real and that reconstruction of syntax is therefore necessarily more difficult, and speculative, than that of phonology. Resume Si des pans entiers de la phonologie et de la morphologie des proto-langues ont pu etre reconstruits grace a la methode comparative, la syntaxe est restee, elle, peu touchee. Jeffers (1976) et Lightfoot (2002a), entre autres, ont emis des doutes sur la possibilite de reconstruire veritablement toute syntaxe, avancant un probleme fondamental dans l’application a la syntaxe des techniques de la reconstruction phonologique. D’autres, tels que Harris & Campbell (1995), et, par la suite, Barddal & Eythorsson (2012), ont fait valoir que ce probleme ne survenait pas dans leur systeme. Nous faisons ici un examen critique de l’isomorphisme entre les reconstructions phonologique et syntaxique, en nous appuyant sur la vision ‘par item’ de la variation syntaxique telle qu’elle est concue dans le cadre des theories de la syntaxe du programme minimaliste, des grammaires de construction et de bien d’autres encore. Afin d’etayer cette demarche, nous presentons une etude de cas portant sur le suffixe -sk en vieux scandinave. Si nous n’en tirons pas une conclusion aussi pessimiste que celle de Lightfoot (2002a), nous n’en pensons pas moins que ‘le probleme de la correspondance’ est bel et bien reel, et que, necessairement, la reconstruction de la syntaxe est plus difficile et plus conjecturale que celle de la phonologie. Zusammenfassung Wahrend die Phonologie und Morphologie von Proto-Sprachen zu einem bemerkenswert grosen Teil unter Anwendung der komparativen Methode rekonstruiert worden sind, hinkt die Syntax hinterher. Nicht nur Jeffers (1976) und Lightfoot (2002a) haben Bedenken daruber geausert, ob Syntax uberhaupt rekonstruiert werden kann, da es problematisch sei, Techniken, die fur die phonologische Rekonstruktion entwickelt wurden, auf die Syntax anzuwenden. Andere Forscher wie Harris & Campbell (1995) sowie Barddal & Eythorsson (2012) haben behauptet, dass dieses Problem in ihrem Framework nicht auftauche. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird die Isomorphie zwischen phonologischer und syntaktischer Rekonstruktion einer kritischen Prufung unterzogen. Ermoglicht wird dies durch eine ‘Item-basierte’ Sicht auf die syntaktische Variation, wie sie beispielsweise innerhalb minimalistischer und konstruktionsgrammatischer Syntaxtheorien und vergleichbaren Ansatzen vertreten wird. Eine Fallstudie zum Suffix -sk im fruhen Nordgermanischen wird zugunsten dieser Herangehensweise angefuhrt. Obwohl die Schlussfolgerung nicht so pessimistisch ausfallt wie diejenige von Lightfoot (2002a), ergibt sich doch, dass das ‘Korrespondenzproblem’ tatsachlich existiert und dass die Rekonstruktion der Syntax daher notwendigerweise schwieriger und spekulativer ist als die der Phonologie.
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6

Burton-Roberts, Noel, and P. H. Matthews. "Syntax." Modern Language Review 80, no. 2 (April 1985): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3728683.

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7

Bowers, Cathy Smith. "Syntax." English Journal 95, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/30046601.

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8

Adger, David. "Syntax." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science 6, no. 2 (December 10, 2014): 131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1332.

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9

Chang, Lingling. "Syntax." Linguistische Berichte (LB) 2007, no. 209 (January 1, 2007): 32–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.46771/2366077500208_1.

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10

Palmaitis, M. L. "Syntax." Kalbotyra 37, no. 4 (December 1, 1986): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/knygotyra.1986.22215.

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11

Islam, Md Shariful, Md Afzalur Rahman, Abdul Wadud Chowdhury, Mohsin Ahmed, Kajal Kumar Karmakar, Mohammad Ullah Firoz, Mohammad Arifur Rahman, et al. "SYNTAX Score on Procedural Outcome among Patient Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention." Bangladesh Heart Journal 34, no. 1 (June 25, 2019): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bhj.v34i1.41902.

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Background: Limited contemporary data exist regarding the impact of SYNTAX score on procedural outcomes undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) in acute STEMI patients. Objectives: To evaluate the significance of the SYNTAX score for predicting procedural outcome after primary PCI in patient with acute STEMI. Methods: This perspective observational study was conducted in the department of cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dhaka, Bangladesh from September, 2015 to September, 2016. 42 patients with acute STEMI who underwent primary PCI were considered for the study. But 2 patients were excluded from the study due to failure of primary PCI. The patients were divided into two groups: Group I (low Syntax score d”22) and Group II (high Syntax score > 22). The Syntax score of all patients were calculated from an initial coronary angiogram before primary PCI. Procedural outcome was observed in between two groups. Results: Among study patients 57.5% were in SYNTAX score d”22 (Group I) and 42.5% were in SYNTAX score >22 (Group II). Among traditional cardiovascular risk factors diabetes was significantly more prevalent in the Group II than Group I ( 82.4% vs 34.8%, p  0.003). Angiographic profile revealed maximum (69.6% vs 17.6%) culprit lesion in LAD artery in Group I and maximum culprit lesion (64.7% vs 21.7%) in RCA in Group II, these were the statistically significant between Group I and Group II (P<0.05). The high SYNTAX score group had lower ejection fraction (47.8±5.1 vs. 54.4±4.3, p= 0.04), lower TIMI flow 3 rate (76.47% vs 91.3%, p= 0.03 ) greater rate of MACE (29.4% vs. 4.3%, p=0.041), lower procedural success rate ( 76.47 vs. 91.3%, p= 0.046) compared to the low SYNTAX score group. ROC curve showed 77% sensitivity and 32% specificity for SYNTAX score when cut off value was 22 Performance test of SYNTEX score in the setting of Primary PCI outcome showed positive predictive value 83%. Conclusions: SYNTAX score was an independent variable that can predict procedural outcomes Bangladesh Heart Journal 2019; 34(1) : 5-10
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12

Ozerov, Pavel. "From sentential syntax to syntax of interaction." Journal of Speech Sciences 12 (April 18, 2023): e023001. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/joss.v12i00.17774.

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The framework of syntactic analysis developed by Izre'el (2018, 2020) situates the simplest structure found in spoken data - the unipartite clause - at the core of its model. The implementation of this framework for the analysis of existential constructions in Modern Hebrew (Izre'el 2022) demonstrates how the unipartite analysis on presumably sentential structures allows us to remodel and bypass former research question, providing a new perspective and novel answers. This contribution attempts to follow up on this analysis and develop it further in an interactional, dynamic perspective. I propose that the discussed framework would additionally benefit from dispensing with other traditional models, which similarly originate in the bipartite view of sentence structure. Shifting away from categories of Information Structure and from the partitioning of information into topic vs. comment/focus and predicate can advance our understanding of language and discourse, while avoiding the pitfalls of problematic and poorly definable concepts. In this view, interlocutors do not structure their contributions or interpret others’ speech by identifying topics, comments, foci, or predicates. Instead, they navigate through the interactive discourse relying on low-level local communicative instructions which signal attention requirements, relevance, local discourse moves, interactionally structured discourse relations, epistemic management, emotive stance and more. Situating the analysis in the dynamic perspective of online syntax opens the way to a more refined understanding of the data, and further research questions.
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13

Islam, Md Shariful, Md Afzalur Rahman, Abdul Wadud Chowdhury, Sayed Nasir Uddin, Nupur Kar, Kajal Kumar Karmakar, Mohammad Ullah Firoze, et al. "Impact of SYNTAX Score on In-hospital Outcome after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention." Bangladesh Heart Journal 33, no. 2 (December 28, 2018): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bhj.v33i2.39308.

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Background: Limited contemporary data exist regarding the impact of SYNTAX score on in-hospital outcomes undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) in acute STEMI patients. Objectives: To evaluate the significance of the SYNTAX score for predicting in- hospital outcome after primary PCI in patient with acute STEMI. Methods: This cohort study was conducted in the department of cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dhaka, Bangladesh from September, 2015 to September, 2016. 42 patients with acute STEMI who underwent primary PCI were considered for the study. But 2 patients were excluded from the study due to failure of primary PCI. The patients were divided into two groups: Group I (low SYNTAX score d”22) and Group II (high Syntax score > 22). The Syntax score of all patients were calculated from an initial coronary angiogram before primary PCI. In-hospital outcome was observed in between two groups. Results: Among traditional cardiovascular risk factors diabetes was significantly more prevalent in the Group II than Group I ( 82.4% vs 34.8%, p  0.003). Angiographic profile revealed maximum (69.6% vs 17.6%) culprit lesion in LAD artery in Group I and maximum culprit lesion (64.7% vs 21.7%) in RCA in Group II, these were the statistically significant between Group I and Group II (P<0.05). The high SYNTAX score group had lower TIMI 3 (76.47% vs 91.3%, p  0.03) compared to the low SYNTAX score group. But there were no significant difference in complications as arrhythmia (2.5% vs 0%), cardiogenic shock (2.5% vs 0%), heart failure (5% vs 2.5%) and mortality (5%vs 0%) between high and low SYNTAX score. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed SYNTAX score (OR = 5.95, p  0.001) was an independent predictor of in-hospital outcome in patients under going primary PCI. Performance test of SYNTEX score in the setting of Primary PCI outcome showed positive predictive value 83%. Conclusions: SYNTAX score was an independent variable that can predict in-hospital outcomes of patients with acute STEMI undergoing primary PCI. Bangladesh Heart Journal 2018; 33(2) : 121-125
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14

Hock, Hans Henrich, and K. Meenakshi. "Epic Syntax." Journal of the American Oriental Society 106, no. 2 (April 1986): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/601601.

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15

Howes, Christine, and Hannah Gibson. "Dynamic Syntax." Journal of Logic, Language and Information 30, no. 2 (May 28, 2021): 263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10849-021-09334-x.

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AbstractDynamic Syntax (DS: Kempson et al. 2001; Cann et al. 2005) is an action-based grammar formalism which models the process of natural language understanding as monotonic tree growth. This paper presents an introduction to the notions of incrementality and underspecification and update, drawing on the assumptions made by DS. It lays out the tools of the theoretical framework that are necessary to understand the accounts developed in the other contributions to the Special Issue. It also represents an up-to-date account of the framework, combining the developments that have previously remained distributed in a diverse body of literature.
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16

Englebretsen, G. "Cartesian Syntax." Philosophical Inquiry 12, no. 1 (1990): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philinquiry1990121/25.

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17

Nylander, Dudley K., and C. L. Baker. "English Syntax." Language 71, no. 1 (March 1995): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415982.

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Lightfoot, David, and Jacek Fisiak. "Historical Syntax." Language 62, no. 2 (June 1986): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414683.

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19

Kolevatykh, Dmitry A. "Urban Syntax." Scientific journal “ACADEMIA. ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION”, no. 3 (September 27, 2018): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2077-9038-2018-3-66-70.

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The article puts forward the hypothesis of the possible existence of direct and reverse communication between the subject of "city resident" and the object of "urban structure". The features of "urban Language" are considered. The theme of everyday "urban slang" development through the spatial compilation of the city forms is also raised. Some chronological features of the urban Language model formation (archaism and neologism in the context of "urban Language") are revealed. The author introduced new terms describing the phenomena of archetypaLization of urban syntactic forms. The author stresses that the city shouLd be perceived as a deveLoping LinguaL-urban model, a professionaL anaLysis of which provides an opportunity to unveiL current trends in urban development This kind of monitoring wiLL aLLow architects to design reLevant modeLs regarding the existing status of urban deveLopment.
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Robinson, Stuart, and Maggie Tallerman. "Understanding Syntax." Language 76, no. 2 (June 2000): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417681.

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Markantonatou, Stella, and Pieter A. M. Seuren. "Semantic Syntax." Language 74, no. 3 (September 1998): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417828.

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22

Dukes, Hunter. "Cybernetic Syntax." Samuel Beckett Today / Aujourd’hui 31, no. 2 (October 24, 2019): 307–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757405-03102009.

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Abstract This article unfolds what J.M. Coetzee terms “the rhythm of doubt” in Watt—a procedure that parallels cybernetic ideas about feedback and control. A careful reading of Coetzee’s doctoral dissertation, a stylostatistic analysis of Beckett’s English fiction, reveals what the young scholar and novelist labels the syntax of “A against B,” which he puts to use in his early novels. The rhythm of doubt ultimately takes on a political slant in these works, as it becomes associated with (potentially) violent actions performed in the service of perceived rationality.
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Bafna, Sonit. "Space Syntax." Environment and Behavior 35, no. 1 (January 2003): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916502238863.

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Warren Sonbert. ""Film Syntax"." Framework: The Journal of Cinema and Media 56, no. 1 (2015): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.13110/framework.56.1.0150.

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Yang, Chia-Hung, Ming-Jer Hsieh, Chun-Chi Chen, Shang-Hung Chang, Chao-Yung Wang, Cheng-Hung Lee, and I.-Chang Hsieh. "SYNTAX score." Coronary Artery Disease 23, no. 7 (November 2012): 445–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mca.0b013e3283587835.

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26

Marcel, den Dikken. "Comparative syntax." Lingua 109, no. 4 (November 1999): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3841(99)00021-2.

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27

Lowe, N. J. "Sulpicia's Syntax." Classical Quarterly 38, no. 1 (January 1988): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800031402.

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In the six remarkable elegidia transmitted in the Tibullan corpus as 3.13–18 (4.7–12) we appear to possess the writings of an educated Roman woman of aristocratic family and high literary connections: a woman, moreover, who participates as an equal in one of the most distinguished artistic salons of the age, and composes poetry in an obstinately male genre on the subject of her own erotic experience, displaying a candour and the exercise of a sexual independence startingly at odds with the ideology of her class. Such a figure is either, depending on one's viewpoint, too good to be true or too embarrassing to be tolerated. The case could easily be put that Sulpicia, more perhaps even than Sappho, has found her poems condemned by accident of gender to a century and a half of condescension, disregard, and wilful misconstruction to accommodate the inelastic sexual politics of elderly male philologists. Certainly even the most sympathetic of recent comment is prone to lapse into a form of critical language outlawed in Catullan scholarship thirty years ago. Yet feminist critics have been strangely cautious in their response. A scholar who rose swiftly to the defence of Erinna when that elusive poet's identity was impugned has notoriously written of Sulpicia:‘She was not a brilliant artist: her poems are of interest only because the author is female.’ Five years late, Sulpicia has found a place in the major sourcebook on ancient women, but with the cycle of poems violently reordered after the judgment of a nineteenth-century (male) critic, anxious to restore his poetess's chastity against the disconcerting frankness of the texts.
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Kayne, Richard S. "Comparative syntax." Lingua 130 (June 2013): 132–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2012.10.008.

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Robinson, Philip. "Syntax error." New Scientist 219, no. 2924 (July 2013): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(13)61679-6.

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Hale, Mark. "Diachronic Syntax." Syntax 1, no. 1 (December 17, 2002): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9612.00001.

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BENTON, NICK, and ANDREW KENNEDY. "Exceptional syntax." Journal of Functional Programming 11, no. 4 (July 2001): 395–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796801004099.

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From the points of view of programming pragmatics, rewriting and operational semantics, the syntactic construct used for exception handling in ML-like programming languages, and in much theoretical work on exceptions, has subtly undesirable features. We propose and discuss a more well-behaved construct.
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32

Hamm, C. "SYNTAX-Studie." Der Kardiologe 3, no. 4 (May 10, 2009): 294–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12181-009-0188-z.

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Kegl, Judy A. "ASL Syntax." Sign Language and Linguistics 7, no. 2 (March 30, 2006): 173–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.7.2.09keg.

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34

Buneman, Peter, Leonid Libkin, Dan Suciu, Val Tannen, and Limsoon Wong. "Comprehension syntax." ACM SIGMOD Record 23, no. 1 (March 1994): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/181550.181564.

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35

Stein, Stephan. "Pragmatische Syntax." Informationen Deutsch als Fremdsprache 30, no. 2-3 (June 1, 2003): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/infodaf-2003-2-349.

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36

A and Adrian C. Battye. "Parametric syntax." Lingua 70, no. 2-3 (November 1986): 220–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(86)90044-6.

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37

Wekker, Herman. "English syntax." Lingua 84, no. 1 (May 1991): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(91)90014-v.

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38

Crain, Stephen, and Rosalind Thornton. "Syntax acquisition." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science 3, no. 2 (January 3, 2012): 185–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1158.

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39

Suzuki, Toshitaka N., and Klaus Zuberbühler. "Animal syntax." Current Biology 29, no. 14 (July 2019): R669—R671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.045.

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Bidese, Ermenegildo, and Alessandra Tomaselli. "Diachrone Syntax." Linguistische Berichte (LB) 2007, no. 210 (April 1, 2007): 82–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.46771/2366077500210_3.

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Bourouba, Karima. "Strukturelle Syntax." Traduction et Langues 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.52919/translang.v12i2.672.

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On Structural syntax The beginnings of structuralism lie with the Geneva linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, who is therefore sometimes referred to as the "father" of structuralism. Important terms of structuralism are: langue/parole, synchrony/diachrony, descriptive/prescriptive, syntagmatic/paradigmatic, relevant feature/redundant feature. The concept of signs and the arbitrariness of signs also play an important role in structuralism. The present paper aims at studying the principles of struclturalism. The method of structuralism is initially inductive, even if it can lead to throwing the results, known different corpus, not realized and of which one waits that the results make clear. In other words, structuralism, in one way or another, always aims to read a text according to some grid that reorganizes it.
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Changming, Yuan. "Ephemeral Syntax." English Journal 109, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/ej202030673.

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Birzer, Sandra, and Hellìk Mayer. "Just Syntax?" Zeitschrift für Slawistik 68, no. 2 (May 26, 2023): 335–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/slaw-2023-0016.

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Summary According to the norms of the contemporary Russian standard language, the covert first argument of the adverbial participle (AP) has to be co-referential with the first argument of its matrix verb. However, other co-reference choices are a frequent phenomenon, as numerous publications both descriptive (Rappaport 1984; Jokojama 1984) and prescriptive (Ickovič 1982; Glovinskaja 2000) testify. Since the reasons for these divergent co-reference choices have been insufficiently addressed so far, we conducted an experiment that tested the influence of linguistic and sociodemographic factors on the co-reference choices. The linguistic factors tested are sentence semantics, argument structure of the verb and linear syntactic order of adverbial participle and matrix clause. Since the adverbial participle has been subject to an intensive normativization process, we assume that the degree of the respondents’ familiarity with prescriptive language rules and the degree of their exposition to texts reflecting these rules influence respondents’ co-reference choices. Therefore, we also tested for sociodemographic factors reflecting these degrees, namely the status of Russian as primary or secondary language, age, gender and highest level of education attained. Our data suggest a contrast between actual language use, in which the co-referential ambiguity of APs is resolved by verb and sentence semantics and the syntactic position of the AP, and the normative rules of Russian grammaticography, which allow only for co-reference with the first argument of the matrix clause. Long-lasting exposure to highly normatized text registers show effect, as respondents with master’s degree or even higher levels of education significantly prefer co-reference with the first argument of the matrix clause even in ambiguous contexts. The paper is structured as follows: The first section gives a survey of the divergent co-reference choices discussed in the literature and identifies linguistic factors hypothesized to influence a speaker’s choice. Section 2 discusses possible sociolinguistic factors affecting the co-reference choice. How these two types of factors are considered in the design of our experiment as well as participant sampling is described in section 3. In section 4 we apply logistic regression to our data and discuss its results, to be followed by the conclusions in section 5.
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Kasper, Simon, and Jeffrey Pheiff. "Von der Dialektsyntax zur Regionalsprachensyntax." Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik 90, no. 1 (2023): 64–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.25162/zdl-2023-0003.

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Serruys, Patrick, Yoshinobu Onuma, Scot Garg, Giovanna Sarno, Marcel van den Brand, Arie-Pieter Kappetein, Nic Van Dyck, et al. "Assessment of the SYNTAX score in the Syntax study." EuroIntervention 5, no. 1 (May 2009): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4244/eijv5i1a9.

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Farooq, Vasim, Salvatore Brugaletta, and Patrick W. Serruys. "The SYNTAX Score and SYNTAX-Based Clinical Risk Scores." Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 23, no. 2 (June 2011): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.semtcvs.2011.08.001.

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Cornish, Francis. "Micro-syntax, macro-syntax, foregrounding and backgrounding in discourse." Information Structure, Discourse Structure and Grammatical Structure 26 (November 2, 2012): 6–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.26.01cor.

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Adopting Berrendonner’s (1990, 2002) and Berrendonner et al.’s (forthcoming) distinction between “micro-syntax” and “macro-syntax”, as well as the orthogonal dichotomy between foregrounded and backgrounded discourse segments (cf. Khalil 2005), this paper aims to examine certain “non-canonical” interactions amongst these domains. In particular, it analyses instances where a potential referent is evoked within a highly presupposed, discursively backgrounded text segment, but where that referent is targeted via an “anadeictic” indexical expression and may be made into a discourse entity in its own right. This last-mentioned use is characteristic of discourse deixis, but not of anaphora as such. The paper also examines larger stretches of text, which relate to each other discursively in terms of “macro-syntax”. The overall aim is to characterise the limits of discourse-anaphoric reference as a function of the degree of backgrounding or foregrounding of the discourse units in terms of which the referent is determined and targeted.
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Farrow, Steve. "The nature of syntax and the syntax of nature." Language & Communication 14, no. 2 (April 1994): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0271-5309(94)90014-0.

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editorial board, CSTUG. "pdfTeX primitives (syntax)." Zpravodaj Československého sdružení uživatelů TeXu 15, no. 1 (2005): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5300/2005-1/86.

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BANFIELD, ANN. "Beckett's Tattered Syntax." Representations 84, no. 1 (November 1, 2003): 6–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2003.84.1.6.

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ABSTRACT Joyce and Beckett aimed to create a language which, unlike world English, is no one's mother tongue, Joyce by exploiting the phonological and morphological principles for the production of new words, the lexicon's open-class ““dictionary.”” Beckett, after imitating but ultimately resisting Joyce's lexical inventiveness, extracted the late minimalist style from the lexicon's nonproductive grammatical function words.
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