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Cooper, Laurel Martine. "Space syntax analysis of Chacoan great houses." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187184.
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Built form, or human spatial organization, has usually been studied in cultural anthropology and archaeology as dependent on other factors such as social organization. Studies have been limited by a lack of measures permitting comparisons over time and space, so buildings remain little understood despite their visibility in the archaeological record. One approach emerging from multidisciplinary work emphasizes topology over physical characteristics such as shape and size; it examines linkages rather than individual components. The space syntax model of Bill Hillier and the Unit for Architectural Studies at University College London recognizes that spatial patterns are both the product and the generator of social relations. Built form is treated as part of a system of spatial relations, facilitating movement, encounter, and avoidance--both among occupants and between occupants and outsiders. Methods developed through analysis of a broad range of buildings and settlements are available to examine built space and its changes over time. A space syntax model allows a re-examination of great houses in and near Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, built from the mid-A.D. 800s to the mid-1100s. The great houses examined in Chaco Canyon are: Una Vida, Pueblo Bonito, Chetro Ketl, Pueblo del Arroyo, Pueblo Alto, and Kin Kletso. The outliers are Salmon Ruin and West Aztec Ruin. Where sufficient data are available, the control and access features formalized through floorplans are graphed and quantified, allowing comparisons over construction phases and between different sites. The goal is to reevaluate past interpretations, ranging from heavily-populated villages to largely empty redistribution or ceremonial centers. More diversity rather than consistency is apparent from individual great house floor plans, but certain spatial characteristics emerge. Access patterns tend to be asymmetric and non-distributed, becoming deeper over time. Yet the occasional presence of rings, allowing alternate routes within a building, differs from earlier and later building forms. Access patterns differ between and within east and west wings, and the core units, even during comparable time periods. Seen from the perspective of the floor plan, the examples of Chacoan architecture suggest differentiation both within and among great houses.
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Shilliday, David Vernon. "Aspects of Fijian syntax : a GPSG analysis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27380.
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This thesis presents a basic Generative Grammar for the Fijian language. To be more precise it presents a grammar for the dialect spoken by Rev. Samuela Tamata, a native of the island of Kadavu. The data gathered from my informant supplemented (and typically confirmed) two non-Generative Grammars of Fijian which were at my disposal. These were Milner (1956) and Schuetz (1985). The former is a paedogogical work aimed at acquainting the beginner with the rudiments of Fijian. The latter provides a comprehensive description of the Fijian language based on extensive recent survey work. Unfortunately only a fraction of this work is devoted to sentence structure, the subject of this thesis. After setting the linguistic and non-linguistic background in Chapter 1, I proceed to outline the Generative Grammar which I assume for the majority of the thesis, namely Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar as presented by Gazdar et al. (1985). Chapter 3 then presents several revisions of the standard model. These were principally motivated by aspects of Fijian syntax e.g. the revision of the Subcategorization mechanism in the light of Object agreement on Verbs and the rejection of Slash Termination Metarules so that Unbounded Dependencies could terminate in Subject position. Chapter 4 provides a detailed analysis of the four subclasses of Noun i.e. Names, Pronouns, Common Nouns and Numerals. This is followed by an examination of Person and Number in conjoined Noun Phrases, a topic of particular interest to GPSG. Chapter 5 proceeds to an examination of various NP modifiers such as Adjective Phrases, Prepositional Phrases and Relative Clauses. The internal structure of Relative Clauses is however taken up in Chapter 8. Chapter 6 outlines the structure of the Fijian clause and comes to the perhaps surprising conclusion for a GPSG analysis that the Sentence is a projection from the Inflection rather than the Verb. (This IP analysis is however advocated in the Government and Binding theory of Chomsky (1986)). Chapter 7 attempts to deal with the variations in phrase ordering in Fijian. This involves firstly the introduction of a second [SLASHj-like feature to account for double extractions and secondly the positing of twin heads in flat VSO structures. In Chapter 8 we turn to Fijian Unbounded Dependencies, principally Topicalization and Relativization. We here present the evidence which led to our rejection of Slash Termination Metarules in Chapter 3 and argue against the need for the [WH] feature in Fijian Relative Clauses or Constituent Questions. Chapter 9 outlines the two raising constructions in Fijian; Subject-to-Subject Raising with impersonal verbs such as RAWA "possible" and Subject-to-Object Raising with verbs such as NUITAKA "expect". The latter construction is of particular interest since the rival Government and Binding theory claims that it is universally unacceptable! In Chapter 10 I change theoretical frameworks and present Government and Binding analyses of two topics of particular interest to that theory; namely multiple adjunction structures and Head-to-Head movement. Finally the Appendix includes a suggestion for an alternative Head Feature Convention for GPSG which operates on a more constrained notion of "Free Head Feature".
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Nilsson, Erik. "Abstract Syntax Tree Analysis for Plagiarism Detection." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-80888.
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Today, universities rely heavily on systems for detecting plagiarism in students’essays and reports. Code submissions however require specific tools. A numberof approaches to finding plagiarisms in code have already been tried, includingtechniques based on comparing textual transformations of code, token strings,parse trees and graph representations. In this master’s thesis, a new system, cojac,is presented which combines textual, tree and graph techniques to detect a broadspectrum of plagiarism attempts. The system finds plagiarisms in C, C++ and Adasource files. This thesis discusses the method used for obtaining parse trees fromthe source code and the abstract syntax tree analysis. For comparison of syntaxtrees, we generate sets of fingerprints, digest forms of trees, which makes thecomparison algorithm more scalable. To evaluate the method, a set of benchmarkfiles have been constructed containing plagiarism scenarios which was analyzedboth by our system and Moss, another available system for plagiarism detection incode. The results show that our abstract syntax tree analysis can effectively detectplagiarisms such as changing the format of the code and renaming of identifiersand is at least as effective as Moss for detecting plagiarisms of these kinds
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Edwards, Malcolm Howell. "A generalised phrase structure grammar analysis of colloquial Egyptian Arabic." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247629.
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This thesis proposes and defends a let of analyses of various aspects of the phrase structure of colloquial Egyptian Arabic (EA) clause structure, using the Generalised Phrase Structure Grammar (GPSG) framework of Gazdar, Klein, Pullum and Sag (1985). In the first chapter the constituency of simple clause types is examined and it is argued that EA is a "configurational" SVO language with a VP constituent. These two proposals form the basis for the analyses developed in subsequent chapters. The second chapter pursues the themes of the first, examining the syntax of so-called "nominal" (verbless) sentences, and offering a unified account of both verbal and nominal sentence types. Chapter 3 is concerned with clausal complementation, and shows that under certain assumptions motivated in earlier chapters, the GPSG framework allows for a concise account of a number of hitherto problematic constructions. Chapter 4 is devoted to the syntax of subjects, and in particular to a discussion of "pro-drop" in EA. The relationship between the possibility of missing subjects, word order, and inflection is investigated, and an analysis of cliticisation is proposed which has implications for other areas of the grammar especially relative clauses, which are the subject of Chapter 5.The final chapter is concerned exclusively with the synta~ of relative clauses. A grammar for relative clauses is formulated, in which resumptive pronouns are generated using the feature SLASH. Under the analysis of relative clauses proposed here, the syntax of both subject and object relatives falls out from the interaction of a number of independent facts about EA grammar, and requires no special statement. Throughout the work the aim is to highlight important issues in the syntax of EA, and to offer accounts of these aspects of the grammar which involve the smallest amount of syntactic machinery and achieve maximum generality.
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Alatawi, Swailem. "The syntax of left periphery in Arabic : a minimalist analysis." Thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19098/.
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This thesis investigates the syntax of the left periphery in two varieties of Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic and Tabuki Arabic. The thesis adopts the Split-CP hypothesis proposed by Rizzi (1997) and the minimalist theoretical framework proposed by Chomsky (2000; 2001; 2008; 2013). The thesis looks at the possible constituent orders in the two varieties of Arabic, and how they differ, and accounts for that variation order within a minimalist analysis. Within the core clause, an account is proposed for the agreement patterns and the case assignment between the subject and the verb in the two main orders VS and SV. Then Rizzi’s (1997) proposals for the CP-left periphery are examined here with data from Modern Standard Arabic and Tabuki Arabic, with regard to the positioning of two kinds of topic and focus. In embedded clauses, there are different lexical complementizers in the left peripheries of the two varieties of Arabic, and an account is given for their properties of assigning case or mood. Based on the feature valuations of the complementizers in Arabic, they interact with other left peripheral elements differently. Finally, the phenomenon of Complementizer Agreement in Modern Standard Arabic and Tabuki Arabic is analysed, as a kind of clitic agreement of Complementizer Agreement following the establishment of an Agree relation between the complementizers and the relevant following elements of clausal structure.
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Alataiy, Swualm. "The syntax of left periphery in Arabic : a minimalist analysis." Thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17972/.
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This thesis investigates the syntax of the left periphery in two varieties of Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic and Tabuki Arabic. The thesis adopts the Split-CP hypothesis proposed by Rizzi (1997) and the minimalist theoretical framework proposed by Chomsky (2000; 2001; 2008; 2013). The thesis looks at the possible constituent orders in the two varieties of Arabic, and how they differ, and accounts for that variation order within a minimalist analysis. Within the core clause, an account is proposed for the agreement patterns and the case assignment between the subject and the verb in the two main orders VS and SV. Then Rizzi’s (1997) proposals for the CP-left periphery are examined here with data from Modern Standard Arabic and Tabuki Arabic, with regard to the positioning of two kinds of topic and focus. In embedded clauses, there are different lexical complementizers in the left peripheries of the two varieties of Arabic, and an account is given for their properties of assigning case or mood. Based on the feature valuations of the complementizers in Arabic, they interact with other left peripheral elements differently. Finally, the phenomenon of Complementizer Agreement in Modern Standard Arabic and Tabuki Arabic is analysed, as a kind of clitic agreement of Complementizer Agreement following the establishment of an Agree relation between the complementizers and the relevant following elements of clausal structure.
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Gengel, Kirsten. "Focus and Ellipsis a generative analysis of pseudogapping and other elliptical structures /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:93-opus-34832.
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Mani, Nivedita. "Prosody, syntax and the lexicon in parsing ambiguous sentences." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:eb0da21f-d381-4a5c-95c2-7ddae2cd1c30.
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This thesis tests the early incorporation of prosodic information during on-line processing of ambiguous word pairs such as Packing cases. The word pair is syntactically ambiguous between a noun or verb phrase interpretation. However, the two interpretations are prosodically distinct. An on-line, cross-modal, response-time task found that subjects disambiguated the word pairs using prosodic information. Experiment 2 swapped the timing,fo and amplitude of the noun phrase versions with the verb phrase versions. If prosodic information were guiding parsing, swapping the prosody of the alternatives should change subjects' parses of the word-pairs. Subjects interpreted the cross-synthesised noun phrases as verb phrases and the crosssynthesised verb phrases as noun phrases. This provides additional evidence in favour of early prosodic processing. Experiment 3 tested whether subjects' ability to differentiate the two forms would be affected by flattening the fo of the word pairs. Subjects' ability to disambiguate the word pairs was reduced by flattening the fo of the stimuli. Again, this provides evidence in favour of fo guiding parsing. Experiment 4 investigated the perceptual salience of prosodic information in the absence of lexical information, by testing parsing of delexicalised versions of the same wordpairs. Subjects continued to disambiguate the stimuli. This indicates that prosody can guide parsing even without lexical information. The results of the four experiments provide strong evidence in favour of the early incorporation of prosodic information in parsing: prosodic information can influence on-line parsing even in the presence of contradictory syntactic and spectral preferences; and in the absence of lexical information. This thesis concludes that the results of the experiments support strong interaction models of processing.
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Yie, HyounKyoung. "Harmonic syntax in Delius's late period chamber music (1905-1930)." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1206316836.
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Wang, Mian. "Extending geographic information systems to urban morphological analysis with a space syntax approach." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-13384.
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Branches of complexity theory have been widely employed in geographic information systems (GIS) to explore phenomena that appear in urban environments. Among these, space syntax, as an urban morphological application of complexity theory, has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Accordingly, many computer-based tools have been developed to realize related analysis spatially, especially those that can be integrated as functions with GIS. In this thesis, a space syntax tool – Axwoman – is redeveloped and tested as an extension of ESRI ArcGIS Desktop in order to fulfill certain specific needs in urban morphological analysis. It is primarily used to calculate all space syntax measures for several urban systems and to explore the relationships between these measures. To meet the needs for this new version of Axwoman, several functions have been updated and changed, for drawing, coloring, and classifying axial lines as maps for visual thinking; ticking overpasses and excluding them from computing space syntax parameters; and integrating AxialGen and Axwoman. In accordance with this, several case studies have been performed on the urban street networks in large cities. In this paper, Stockholm was chosen as the study object at both the urban level and the building level. After the scaling analysis and time efficiency analysis, the results are also interpreted from a structural point of view and in terms of how the function of space is subject to its morphological structure. Finally, the connectivity of axial lines (a spatial measurement in space syntax theory) was found to follow a power-law distribution. Through this work, the new edition of Axwoman generating satisfactory outputs, the research have proved that the connectivity of axial lines follows a lognormal distribution or a power-law-like distribution, which is one of the heavy-tailed distributions. In addition, it was have found that axial lines better for capture the underlying urban morphologies showed in their study on redefining the generated axial lines from street center lines. Moreover, fewer longest axial lines will show up on the maps, just as coincidental as the shape of mental maps, which proved that the axial line representations can be a powerful tool for urban studies.
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Wong, Kit Ripley. "A quantitative analysis of Cantonese-speaking children's syntax in story re-telling." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36208826.
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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 1993."A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, April 30, 1993." Also available in print.
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Alsubhi, Adil Saeed. "The syntax of case and agreement in standard Arabic : a minimalist analysis." Thesis, University of Essex, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.573737.
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This thesis investigates Case assignment and subject-verb agreement in Standard Arabic. 'It discusses the assignment of default, structural and inherent Case in Arabic and provides a new analysis of subject-verb agreement based on the Minimal Feature Syntax of Sigurosson (2004). The key assumption is that Case assignment and agreement relations are realised by unrelated tokens of Agree. The thesis is composed of six chapters. The first chapter comprises the introduction and presents a rationale for the topic chosen, an outline of the thesis and the sources of the data discussed in the following chapters. The second chapter presents the background of the thesis and falls into two main sections. The first section introduces the descriptive background discussing the permissible word orders in Arabic, the patterns of subject-verb agreement and the morphological realization of Gender, Number, Case, and Definiteness as well as the forms of personal and demonstrative pronouns. The second section presents the theoretical background and discusses the introduction of features in syntax and the syntactic operations, Merge and Agree. The third chapter investigates the syntax of the left periphery. In its first section, the chapter discusses CLLD topics in Arabic and their Case marking. The chapter argues that a CLLD topic can be assigned either structural accusative Case by a finite complementiser, or nominative Case by default in the absence of any overt Case assigner. It is also posited that the assignment of structural Case is limited to the highest topic in structures with multiple CLLD topics. The second section discusses fronted focus phrases and argues that the ban on fronted focus phrases as to not occur immediately after a finite complementiser can be accounted for in terms of the defective intervention effect of Chomsky (2000, 2001). In its third section, the chapter discusses double complementiser structures in Arabic and argues that ?inna can merge in the structure either as the head Force of ForceP or as the head Fin of FinP, an analysis which provides support for the CP-Split Hypothesis of Rizzi (1997) in general and the structure used in this chapter for analysing CLLD topics and fronted focus phrases in particular. The fourth chapter investigates subject-verb agreement and the assignment of structural nominative Case in Arabic. It argues that the patterns of subject-verb agreement available in Arabic can be accounted for by adopting a structure in which each agreement phi-feature projects its own maximal projection. The fact that a postverbal subject can raise to a preverbal position and consequently get assigned structural accusative Case by a complementiser is linked to the absence of the expletive grammatical subject in the specifier of T which renders T unable to assign its structural Case. This postulation embodies two key assumptions; the first is that the assignment of nominative Case is not a reflex of the valuation of the agreement features, and the second is that Burzio's (1986) generalisation can be extended from the functional head v to the functional head T. The fifth chapter discusses the assignment of Case in double object constructions. It is argued that the lexical head V assigns inherent accusative Case either to its direct object or its indirect object. This optional assignment is posited to determine which DP object serves as the subject of the corresponding passive. The sixth chapter is a conclusion presenting a summary of the main findings of this thesis and the scope of further research.
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Sun, Xiaowei. "Comparative Analysis of Urban Morphology: Evaluating Space Syntax and Traditional Morphological Methods." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-15492.
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This thesis examines the urban morphology of fifty cities using spatial syntax analysis. The analysis compares the urban street networks of European, USA, Islamic and East Asian cities. Street connectivity was the main metric and natural roads were the basis for the analysis. The aim of the study was to analyze determine how sensitive space syntax methods are for uncovering the hierarchical patterns of urban street networks and examining their scale-free and small-world properties. Street data was collected from OpenStreetMap. ArcGIS 10 with the Axwoman extension was used to study the hierarchical levels of street networks. Matlab provided the platform to examine the scale-free property of street data. Pajek software was used to measure the small-world behavior. Based on the hierarchical representation, the fifty sample cities were classified into different groups and their scale-free and small-world properties were studied. From a traditionally morphological perspective, it was found that some cities in Europe have a close-knit cellular and organic urban morphology. Cities in the USA exhibit gridiron patterns on the whole. Some Islamic cities have special urban structure with houses grouped around the cul-de-sac lanes. Several of the East Asian cities studied also have grid forms. According to the space syntax analysis, urban street networks that have a connectivity value greater than the average value were less than 40%. The results showed that for most cities, the street connectivity distribution follows a power-law distribution and exhibits scale-free properties. Urban street networks of all sample cities were found to have a small-world property. Space syntax cannot detect all of the morphological patterns recognized in traditional morphological studies. The method can, however, efficiently quantify the spatial configuration of a large sample. Space syntax’s topological and scaling metrics thus provide a way to compare urban street networks. These metrics can thus help classify cities according to their street patterns but also contribute to an understanding of human behavior within and thus the design of urban spaces. For example, an urban street network with a small-world property could have high efficiency for traffic flows at local and global levels and should be considered in further study.
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Becker, Thomas. "Contrastive analysis for teaching Koine Greek case syntax to Russian-speaking students." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2007. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p023-0209.
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Brownlow, Oliver Samuel. "Towards a unified analysis of the syntax and semantics of get constructions." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2011. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/2335.
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This thesis develops a novel, unified, syntactic and semantic analysis for a range of get constructions including those with adjectival, prepositional and verbal complements. There are two reasons to believe that such an approach is justified. First, the relevant get constructions demonstrate similar semantic characteristics across complement types, e.g. the presence of Cause (in the sense of Pylkkanen 2008), leading to an obligatorily resultative change-of-state interpretation. Second, the range of constructions display syntactic similarities: for each get construction with no external argument there is a corresponding construction with an external argument; and all of the relevant get constructions take a predicative small clause complement. The approach defended here utilises a formal syntactic and semantic framework to propose an analysis in which get is interpreted as a causative functional head which takes a PredP complement whose function is to add a Holder argument to the property expression in its complement (Bowers 1993, Adger and Ramchand 2003). At this point one of two things may occur. Either (i), the Holder argument raises to the sentential subject position, or (ii), it remains in-situ and an argument external to the causative head is introduced, and then raised to subject position. The thesis shows that, contra Pylkk¨anen 2008, and unlike any other English constructions, get constructions may project Cause without necessarily ‘bundling’ it together with Voice in the syntax. The resulting claims impact on topics in theoretical linguistics as varied as predication, causation, reflexivity and binding, property theory and passivisation, and hold consequences for the nature of the syntax semantics interface.
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LIU, HSIAO-MEI. "A CATEGORIAL GRAMMAR ANALYSIS OF CHINESE SEPARABLE COMPOUNDS AND PHRASES (SYNTAX, SEMANTICS)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183896.
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The lexicon of modern Chinese is composed mainly of disyllabic compound words; some of the compounds are separable, while others are not. Hindered by problems with the definition of the Chinese word and by the concept of separate grammatical levels on which morphological, syntactic and semantic processes occur, previous linguistic studies have been unable to fully account for the separability of some compounds and for the relationship of compound separability to phrase separability. This dissertation finds that, with morphemes having the same syntactic association with other morphemes that words or phrases have with other words or phrases, categorial rules logically explain the common syntax of Chinese words and phrases. In categorial grammar analysis based on the work of Ajdukiewicz (1935), Montague (1974), Partee (1972; 1975), and Bach (1983; 1984), categories are determined by functions associating the expressions in component sets, and syntactic operations build categories up into larger derived categories according to specified functor-argument relations. In the present analysis of Chinese, to the set of the non-verb general category belong morphemes, words and phrases whose form classes are not verbs and which are generic names. Argument expressions, both compound words and verb phrases which belong to this category, combine with the intransitive/non-verb general functor to form the IV category. Rules operating by concatenation, cliticization and wrapping account for the occurrence of resultative expressions, aspect markers, and expressions of time duration or time frequency between the components of separable compounds. Further, the hierarchy of thematic roles devised by Jackendoff (1972) is applied to account for cases in which the functors in IV combine with more than one argument. In this way, an analysis which combines principles of morphology, syntax and semantics is able to account for the identity of compound and phrase separability and derive grammatical sentences for the language.
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Mellow, John Dean. "A syntactic analysis of noun incorporation in Cree." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22377.
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This thesis outlines a syntactic analysis of Noun Incorporation in Cree. In this construction, certain morphemes, 'medials', that appear as the nominal root of an external NP can alternatively appear within a verb. This thesis extends previous analyses of Algonquian medials by utilizing the theory of Incorporation developed in Baker (1988b). Within this theory of grammar, medials are base-generated as nouns within an 'object' NP and then optionally adjoined to the verb stem as a result of head (X$ sp{ rm o}$) movement. Established restrictions on head movement can account for many properties of NI, including paraphrasing, doubling, bare modifiers, possible thematic relations, and differences between NI and compounds. The efficacy of the syntactic approach validates a modular account of polysynthetic word formation. In addition, the distribution of Cree NI validates several putatively universal principles of theta-role assignment.
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Gogłoza, Aleksandra. "Polish Datives - an Applicative Analysis." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22596.
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Diese Arbeit konzentriert sich auf die relative syntaktische Position polnis- cher inhärenter Dative. In semantischer Hinsicht schlagen wir vor, dass alle dativmarkierten Argumente in polnischer Sprache eine Entität bezeichnen, die geistig von einer Veränderung, einem Zustand oder einem Prozess betroffen ist, der im persönlichen Bereich der als Dativ-DP lexikalisierten Entität stattfindet. In syntaktischen Begriffen schlagen wir vor, dass polnische Dativ-DP Applikative sind, die von einem Appl-Kopf lizenziert wurden, und dass sie je nach ihrer syntaktischen Position in zwei Typen vorkommen, tief und hoch. Tiefe Applikative verschmelzen unter v, während hohe Applikative darüber verschmelzen. Die Verschmelzungsposition eines Applikativs bestimmt sein syntaktisches Verhalten. Wir zeigen, dass im Gegensatz zu tiefen Applikativen hohe Applikative Anaphern vorangehen können, zusätzliche Partizipialsätze kontrollieren und sekundäre Prädikate darstellen können. Wir schlagen vor, dass diese Unterschiede eine zuverlässige Diagnose für die Anwendungstypen in polnischer Sprache darstellen. Mit diesen Tests analysieren wir polnische Rezipienten und Benefiziäre als tiefe Applikative und polnische Experiencer als hohe Applikative. Darüber hinaus unterscheiden wir zwischen freien Applikativen, z. B. Benefiziäre im Polnischen, und gewählten, z. B. Rezipienten im Polnischen. Vom Verb gewählte Applikative verschmelzen zuerst als Teil von v oder der Wurzel und werden bei der Bewegung zu [Spec;ApplP] zu Applikativen. Im Gegensatz dazu werden nicht gewählte Applikative direkt in [Sepc;ApplP] verschmolzen, d. h. sie werden als Applikative geboren. Wir schlagen einen Partizipanten-Implikationstest vor, um zwischen diesen beiden Typen zu unterscheiden. Wenn wir die Analyse über polnische Dative hinaus erweitern, nehmen wir an, dass es sprachübergreifend zwei Arten von Applikativen gibt: verb-intern, projiziert als Teil von vP / VP und verb-extern, projiziert als Teil von ApplP. Wir nehmen polnische Dative als letztere an.This thesis focuses on the relative syntactic position of Polish inherent datives. In semantic terms, we propose that all dative-marked arguments in Polish de- note an entity mentally affected by a change, state or process which takes place within the personal sphere of the entity lexicalised as a dative DP. In syntactic terms, we propose that Polish dative DPs are applicatives, licensed by an Appl head, and that they come in two types, low and high, depend- ing on their syntactic position. Low applicatives merge below v while high applicatives merge above it. The merge position of an applicative determines its syntactic behaviour. In contrast to low applicatives, high applicatives can antecede anaphors, control adjunct participial clauses and depictive secondary predicates. We propose that these differences constitute reliable diagnostics for applicative types in Polish. With these tests, we analyse Polish recipients and benefactives as low applicatives and Polish experiencers as high applicatives. Moreover, we distinguish between applicatives that are free, e.g. benefactives in Polish, and those that are selected, e.g. Polish recipients. Applicatives selected by the verb merge first as part of v or the root, and they become applicatives on movement to [Spec;ApplP]. In contrast, non-selected applicatives merge directly in [Spec;ApplP], i.e. they are born as applicatives. We propose a participant im- plication test to differentiate between these two types. Moreover, extending the analysis beyond Polish data, we hypothesise that cross-linguistically, there exist two types of applicatives, verb-internal, projected as part of vP / VP, and verb-external, projected as part of ApplP. We take Polish datives to be of the latter type.
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Šuška, Boris. "Syntaxí řízený editor." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236695.
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This thesis is dealing with integration of available lexical analyzer generator tools and presents concept of parallel syntax analysis based on block-oriented syntax analysis. Results will be used during development of syntax-directed editor under Eclipse platform latter.
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Kuklínek, Lukáš. "Compiler of a Language with User-Defined Syntax for New Constructs." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236221.
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Tato práce si klade za cíl navrhnout a implementovat experimentální programovací jazyk s podporou uživatelsky definovaných syntaktických konstrukcí. Nový jazyk je kompilován do nativní binární podoby a vyžaduje statickou typovou disciplínu v době překladu. Jazyk se skládá ze dvou hlavních komponent. První z nich je minimalistické jádro založené na principech zásobníkově orientovaných jazyků. Druhou částí je mechanismus pro definici nových syntaktických konstrukcí uživatelem. Poté jsou shrnuty poznatky nabyté při návrhu a experimentování s prototypem překladače tohoto jazyka.
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Gaither, Danielle. "Improving Software Quality through Syntax and Semantics Verification of Requirements Models." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404542/.
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Software defects can frequently be traced to poorly-specified requirements. Many software teams manage their requirements using tools such as checklists and databases, which lack a formal semantic mapping to system behavior. Such a mapping can be especially helpful for safety-critical systems. Another limitation of many requirements analysis methods is that much of the analysis must still be done manually. We propose techniques that automate portions of the requirements analysis process, as well as clarify the syntax and semantics of requirements models using a variety of methods, including machine learning tools and our own tool, VeriCCM. The machine learning tools used help us identify potential model elements and verify their correctness. VeriCCM, a formalized extension of the causal component model (CCM), uses formal methods to ensure that requirements are well-formed, as well as providing the beginnings of a full formal semantics. We also explore the use of statecharts to identify potential abnormal behaviors from a given set of requirements. At each stage, we perform empirical studies to evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed approaches.
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Jiang, Ying Alisa. "An analysis of syntactic structures and semantic features of de-constructions in Chinese." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2010. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1208.
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Gann, Douglas Wayne. "Spatial integration: A space syntax analysis of the villages of the Homol'ovi Cluster." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280412.
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Space Syntax theory (Hillier 1996; Hillier and Hanson 1984) postulates that the configurations of space in the built environment can reflect social meaning in the ways that individual spaces can be seen to be integrated or segregated from each other. This research develops an analytical methodology based upon space syntax theory to examine the transition of Pueblo IV Period settlement forms in the Homol'ovi Cluster. Analysis of the villages of the Homol'ovi cluster utilizing space syntax methodology illustrates how the local development of the plaza-oriented pueblo form results in the intensification of spatial integration for residents of the village, while at the same time, decreasing the spatial integration of village spaces for non-residents. If the concept of spatial integration is a suitable proxy measure for the ways that spatial configuration is linked to expressions of social integration by Hillier and his colleagues (1989) and by Peponis and his colleagues (1990) then these findings tend to confirm normative views of Puebloan spatial systems, particularly that plaza and kiva spaces function as socially integrative devices. Implications of this finding and suggestions for further research are explored to highlight the potential applications of spatial integration analysis.
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Mullender, Jacqueline E. "Shakespeare’s late syntax : a comparative analysis of which relativisation in the dramatic works." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1450/.
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This thesis combines corpus stylistic, literary and historical linguistic approaches to test critical observations about the language of Shakespeare’s late plays. It finds substantial evidence of increased syntactic complexity, and identifies significant linguistic differences between members of the wider group of later plays. Chapter One outlines the critical history of the late works, including consideration of stylometric approaches to Shakespeare’s language. Chapter Two describes the stylistic methodology and corpus techniques employed. Chapter Three reports the finding of salient which frequency in the late plays, and details the analytical categories to be used in the examination of which usage, the results of which are discussed in Chapter Four. Chapter Five describes two further analyses, where a broader group of ten late plays is considered on the basis of their high which frequency. The relativisation syntax of the five post-1608 plays (Cymbeline, The Winter’s Tale, The Tempest, Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen) is found to distinguish them unequivocally as a group, while Pericles stands out as an anomaly. Finally, in Chapter Six it is argued that Shakespeare’s syntax reflects a stylistic phenomenon unrelated to individual dramatic characterisation, motivated by his re-association with the Elizabethan romance writers of the sixteenth century.
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Nanavati, Ravi A. (Ravi Amit) 1976. "Extensible syntax in the presence of static analysis : scheme macros meet ML types." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/86658.
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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-110).
by Ravi A. Nanavati.
M.Eng.
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Pereira, Noeme Cunha. "A tentative analysis of the initial development of english syntax in UFSC students." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2013. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/106225.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 1984.Made available in DSpace on 2013-12-05T19:45:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 321888.pdf: 4375682 bytes, checksum: b2c0727725a5ba06ed0b96a5151177c5 (MD5)
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Msaka, Peter Kondwani. "A minimalist analysis of obligatory reflexivity in Chichewa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96996.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study deals with the phenomenon of obligatory reflexivity in Chichewa, a language belonging to the Bantu family. Obligatory reflexivity occurs in constructions where a pronominal element – e.g. the reflexive marker (RFM) -dzi- in the verbal complex in Chichewa – is referentially dependent on some other expression in the sentence, its antecedent. Constructions of this type have not received systematic attention in the literature on Chichewa syntax, except in the works of Mchombo (1993, 2004, 2007). The first objective of the study is to fill this empirical gap by providing a detailed description of the different types of construction in which obligatory reflexivity is found in Chichewa. The second objective is to provide an analysis of the relevant facts within the broad framework of Minimalist Syntax (e.g. Chomsky 1995, 2000; Hornstein, Nunes & Grohmann 2005; Radford 2009). More specifically, the study seeks to determine whether the recent minimalist approach to the analysis of obligatory reflexive constructions put forward by Oosthuizen (2013), the so-called Nominal Shell Analysis (NSA), provides an adequate framework for analysing reflexive constructions in Chichewa. The analysis that is set out in this study focuses on three types of reflexive construction, namely verbal object reflexives, infinitival verbal reflexives, and infinitival nominal reflexives. It is argued that an analysis that incorporates the core hypotheses and devices of the NSA can provide a proper description and explanation of the facts of obligatory reflexivity as reflected in these three types of construction. In particular, it is claimed that such an analysis can account for the establishment of a coreferential relationship between the RFM -dzi- and an antecedent, without requiring any special devices or devices that are incompatible with the basic assumptions of the minimalist approach to linguistic inquiry. In brief, according to the analysis, the RFM -dzi- and its antecedent are initially merged into a light noun phrase, nP, with the RFM representing the functional n-head of this phrase. In this configuration, the coreferential relationship between the antecedent and -dzi- is established when the antecedent provides the RFM with φ-values (i.e. values for the grammatical features person, number and noun class). In the course of the discussion, several proposals are also put forward in connection with other, related aspects of Chichewa syntax, including the agreement relationship between the subject/object and their respective markers in the verbal complex.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie handel oor die verskynsel van verpligte refleksiwiteit in Chichewa, ’n lid van die Bantoe-taalfamilie. Verpligte refleksiwiteit kom voor in konstruksies waar ’n pronominale element – bv. die refleksiefmerker (RFM) -dzi- in die verbale kompleks in Chichewa – referensieel afhanklik is van ’n ander uitdrukking in die sin, die antesedent. Konstruksies van hierdie tipe het nog nie sistematies aandag gekry in die literatuur oor Chichewa sintaksis nie, behalwe in die werke van Mchombo (1993, 2004, 2007). Die eerste hoofoogmerk van die studie is om hierdie empiriese gaping te vul deur ’n gedetailleerde beskrywing te gee van die verskillende tipes konstruksie waarin verpligte refleksiwiteit in Chichewa aangetref word. Die tweede hoofoogmerk is om ’n analise te gee van die tersaaklike feite binne die breë raamwerk van Minimalistiese Sintaksis (bv. Chomsky 1995, 2000; Hornstein, Nunes & Grohmann 2005; Radford 2009). In meer spesifieke terme word daar nagegaan of die minimalistiese benadering tot die analise van verpligte refleksiwiteit wat onlangs voorgestel is deur Oosthuizen (2013), die sogenaamde Nominale Skulp-analise (NSA), ’n toereikende raamwerk bied vir die analise van refleksiefkonstruksies in Chichewa. Die analise wat uiteengesit word in hierdie studie fokus op drie tipes refleksiefkonstruksie, naamlik verbale objek-refleksiewe, infinitiewe verbale refleksiewe, en infinitiewe nominale refleksiewe. Daar word geargumenteer dat ’n analise wat gebruik maak van die kernhipoteses en meganismes van die NSA ’n behoorlike beskrywing en verklaring kan bied van die feite van verpligte refleksiwiteit soos dit voorkom in hierdie drie tipes konstruksie. In besonder kan so ’n analise ’n beskrywing en verklaring gee van die manier waarop ’n koreferensiële verhouding tussen die RFM -dzi- en ’n antesedent bewerkstellig word, sonder die nodigheid van spesiale nuwe meganismes of meganismes wat onversoenbaar is met die basiese aannames van die minimalistiese benadering tot taalondersoek. Die analise hou kortliks in dat die RFM -dzi- en sy antesedent aanvanklik saamgevoeg word in ’n ligte naamwoordfrase, nP, met die RFM wat optree as die funksionele n-hoof van hierdie frase. In dié konfigurasie word die koreferensiële verhouding tussen die antesedent en -dzi- bewerkstellig wanneer die antesedent die RFM van φ-waardes voorsien (d.i. waardes vir die grammatikale kenmerke persoon, getal en naamwoordklas). In die loop van die bespreking word daar ook verskeie voorstelle gemaak oor ander, verwante aspekte van Chichewa sintaksis, onder meer oor die kongruensie-verhouding tussen die subjek/objek en hulle onderskeie merkers in die verbale kompleks.
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Ji, Donghong. "Conceptual relevance : representation and analysis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711639.
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Nishida, Chiyo. "Interplay between morphology and syntax: A lexical analysis of inflection and cliticization in Spanish." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184304.
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The purpose of this study is to propose a lexical analysis of inflection and cliticization in Spanish within the framework of Categorial Grammar, and to show how morphology and syntax interplay with one another in this language. I postulate that inflectional suffixes and clitics are syntactic expressions in their own right; inflectional suffixes are the instantiation of the grammatical relation, subject, whereas certain clitics, i.e. DAT and ACC clitics, are of the object. In this regard, inflection and cliticization can be conceived as functions from one set of syntactic expressions into another. I assume that inflectional suffixes and clitics are stored in the lexicon assigned to categories which specify their syntactic (and semantic) properties. These elements are combined to form complex expressions by two kinds of operations: (1) Function/argument application, and (2) Functional Composition. Three lexical rules are proposed in order to account for the distribution of the morphological properties at issue: (1) Inflection, (2) Cliticization, and (3) Complex Verb Formation. These rules make an explicit statement of what syntactic processes take place as morphologically complex expressions are formed. One consequence of my analysis is the redefinition of nominals commonly referred to as "subject NP" and "object NP" (doubled by a clitic) as elements which mark a referential contrast. This way, the formal variation as to the presence or absence of these nominals in Spanish sentences has a coherent explanation. Two rules of nominal adjunction are proposed in order to account for "clitic doubling" and "subject doubling". These two rules apply under certain conditions. With a lexical treatment of inflection and cliticization proposed, all the word formation processes in the Spanish language are now relegated to one single component, the lexicon. Morphology in Spanish, thus, has a clearly delineated domain of its own as an integral part of the lexicon. Furthermore, inflection and cliticization are morphological processes which, at the same time, construct syntactically complex expressions. This direct interplay between morphology and syntax is what uniquely characterizes the so-called "pro-drop" languages, of which Spanish is one, and distinguishes them from the "non-pro-drop" languages.
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Urieli, Assaf. "Robust French syntax analysis : reconciling statistical methods and linguistic knowledge in the Talismane toolkit." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01058143.
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In this thesis we explore robust statistical syntax analysis for French. Our main concern is to explore methods whereby the linguist can inject linguistic knowledge and/or resources into the robust statistical engine in order to improve results for specific phenomena. We first explore the dependency annotation schema for French, concentrating on certain phenomena. Next, we look into the various algorithms capable of producing this annotation, and in particular on the transition-based parsing algorithm used in the rest of this thesis. After exploring supervised machine learning algorithms for NLP classification problems, we present the Talismane toolkit for syntax analysis, built within the framework of this thesis, including four statistical modules - sentence boundary detection, tokenisation, pos-tagging and parsing - as well as the various linguistic resources used for the baseline model, including corpora, lexicons and feature sets. Our first experiments attempt various machine learning configurations in order to identify the best baseline. We then look into improvements made possible by beam search and beam propagation. Finally, we present a series of experiments aimed at correcting errors related to specific linguistic phenomena, using targeted features. One our innovation is the introduction of rules that can impose or prohibit certain decisions locally, thus bypassing the statistical model. We explore the usage of rules for errors that the features are unable to correct. Finally, we look into the enhancement of targeted features by large scale linguistic resources, and in particular a semi-supervised approach using a distributional semantic resource.
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Appert, Gautier. "Information k-means, fragmentation and syntax analysis. A new approach to unsupervised machine learning." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAG011.
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Le critère de l'information k-means étend le critère des k-means en utilisant la divergence de Kullback comme fonction de perte. La fragmentation est une généralisation supplémentaire permettant l'approximation de chaque signal par une combinaison de fragments. Nous proposons un nouvel algorithme de fragmentation pour les signaux numériques se présentant comme un algorithme de compression avec perte. A l'issue de ce traitement, chaque signal est représenté par un ensemble aléatoires de labels, servant d'entrée à une procédure d'analyse syntaxique, conçue comme un algorithme de compression sans perte. Nous avons testé la méthode sur des images en niveaux de gris sur lesquelles il a été possible de détecter des configurations translatées ou transformées par une rotation. Ceci donne l'espoir d'apporter une réponse à la reconnaissance invariante par transformations fondée sur un critère de compression très général. D'un point de vue mathématique, nous avons prouvé deux types de bornes. Tout d'abord, nous avons relié notre algorithme de compression à un estimateur implicite d'un modèle statistique lui aussi implicite, à travers un lemme, prouvant que le taux de compression et le niveau de distorsion de l'un sont reliés à l'excès de risque de l'autre. Ce résultat contribue à expliquer la pertinence de nos arbres syntaxiques. Ensuite, nous établissons des bornes de généralisation non asymptotiques et indépendantes de la dimension pour les différents critères des k-means et critères de fragmentation que nous avons introduits. Nous utilisons pour cela des inégalités PAC-Bayésiennes appliquées dans des espaces de Hilbert à noyau reproduisant. Par exemple dans le cas des k-means classiques, nous obtenons une borne en O(k log(k) / n)^{1/4}) qui fournit la meilleure condition suffisante de consistance, à savoir que l'excès de risque tend vers zéro quand O(k log(k) / n) tend vers zéro. Grâce à une nouvelle méthode de chaînage PAC-Bayésien, nous prouvons aussi une borne en O(log(n/k) sqrt{k log(k)/n})Information k-means is a new mathematical framework that extends the classical k-means criterion, using the Kullback divergence as a distortion measure. The fragmentation criterion is an even broader extension where each signal is approximated by a combination of fragments instead of a single center. Using the fragmentation criterion as a distortion measure, we propose a new fragmentation algorithm for digital signals, conceived as a lossy data compression scheme. Our syntax analysis is based on two principles: factorization and relabeling of frequent patterns. It is an iterative scheme, decreasing at each step as much as possible the length of the representation of the training set. It produces for each signal a syntax tree, providing a multi-level classification of the signal components. We tested the method on grey level digital images, where it was possible to label successfully translated patterns and rotated patterns. This lets us hope that transformation invariant pattern recognition could be approached in a flexible way using a general purpose data compression criterion. From a mathematical point of view, we derived two kinds of generalization bounds. First we defined an implicit estimator based on an implicit statistical model, related to our lossy data compression scheme. We proved a lemma relating the data compression rate and the distortion level of the compression algorithm with the excess risk of the statistical estimator. This explains why our syntax trees may be meaningful. Second, combining PAC-Bayesian lemmas with the kernel trick, we proved non asymptotic dimension-free generalization bounds for the various information k-means and information fragmentation criteria we introduced. For instance, in the special case of the classical k-means criterion, we get a non asymptotic dimension free generalization bound of order O( k log(k) / n )^{1/4}) that gives the best sufficient consistency condition, namely that the excess risk goes to zero when (k log(k) / n) goes to zero. Using a new kind of PAC-Bayesian chaining, we also proved a bound of order O( log(n/k) sqrt{k log(k)/n} )
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Mtenje, Atikonda. "A comparative analysis of the phonology and morpho-syntax of Cisukwa, Cindali and Cilambya." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22877.
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This PhD thesis describes and compares the grammars of Cisukwa, Cindali and Cilambya (SuNdaLa) - three closely related varieties spoken in the northern region of Malawi. The analysis of the language data collected in this research project focuses on the phonological and morpho-syntactic systems of the SuNdaLa varieties by examining variation among them and by identifying the shared linguistic features. Within this research project, the linguistic distance among the three varieties has been analysed and suggestions have been made as to whether the SuNdaLa varieties should be considered as being three dialects of one language or as constituting three distinct languages. The study also places the SuNdaLa cluster into a wider context of the Bantu languages spoken in the region and more generally. Quantitative and qualitative language data was collected in the field from "native" speakers of all three varieties. The SuNdaLa survey included the collection of a comparative word list by using a questionnaire that was designed based on existing wordlists, such as „Swadesh 100 word list‟ (Swadesh 1955) as well as the SIL Comparative African Wordlist (Snider and Roberts 2006). Language data on the morpho-sytax and phonology was collected in elicitation sessions as well as by recording natural conversations among the key language consultants as well as their conversations with other community members.
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Rudy, TOET. "An Optimality-Theoretic Analysis of the Japanese Passive." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253004.
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De, Bruin Jeané. "A minimalist analysis of expletive daar (“there”) and dit (“it”) constructions in Afrikaans." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6513.
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Thesis (MA (General Linguistics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.Bibliography
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study deals with syntactic aspects of expletive daar (“there”) and dit (“it”) constructions in Afrikaans. Previous analyses of these constructions have mostly been of a non-formalistic nature (e.g. Barnes 1984; Donaldson 1993; Du Plessis 1977; Ponelis 1979, 1993). The present study investigates the properties of Afrikaans expletive constructions within the broad theoretical framework of Minimalist Syntax. Four recent minimalist analyses of expletive constructions in English, Dutch and German are set out, namely those proposed by Bowers (2002), Felser and Rupp (2001), Richards and Biberauer (2005), and Radford (2009). Against this background, an analysis is proposed of transitive, non-passive unaccusative, passive unaccusative, and unergative expletive constructions in Afrikaans. Throughout, the focus is on whether the devices available within Minimalist Syntax, and specifically the Expletive Conditions proposed by Radford (2009), provide an adequate framework in which the relevant facts of Afrikaans can be described and explained. Where required, modifications to the devices in question are proposed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie handel oor sintaktiese aspekte van ekspletiewe daar- en dit-konstruksies in Afrikaans. Vorige analises van dié konstruksies was grootliks nie-formalisties van aard (bv. Barnes 1984; Donaldson 1993; Du Plessis 1977; Ponelis 1979, 1993). Die huidige studie ondersoek die eienskappe van Afrikaanse ekspletiewe konstruksies binne die breë teoretiese raamwerk van Minimalistiese Sintaksis. Vier onlangse minimalistiese analises van ekspletiewe konstruksies in Engels, Nederlands en Duits word uiteengesit, naamlik dié wat voorgestel is deur Bowers (2002), Felser en Rupp (2001), Richards en Biberauer (2005), en Radford (2009). Teen hierdie agtergrond word ’n analise voorgestel van transitiewe, nie-passiewe onakkusatiewe, passiewe onakkusatiewe, en onergatiewe ekspletiewe konstruksies in Afrikaans. Die fokus is deurgaans op die vraag of die meganismes wat beskikbaar is binne Minimalistiese Sintaksis, en spesifiek die drie Ekspletiewe Voorwaardes wat voorgestel word deur Radford (2009), ’n toereikende raamwerk bied waarbinne die tersaaklike feite van Afrikaans beskryf en verklaar kan word. Waar nodig, word aanpassings aan die betrokke meganismes voorgestel.
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Visser, Ilse. "A minimalist analysis of obligatory reflexivity in Mihavani." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97953.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study focuses on the phenomenon of obligatory reflexivity in the Bantu language Lomwe-Mihavani (referred to as “Mihavani”). The aim of the study is to develop an analysis of this phenomenon in Mihavani within the broad framework of Minimalist Syntax, and more specifically within the framework of the Nominal Shell Analysis of obligatory reflexivity (NSA) proposed by Oosthuizen (2013). In order to achieve this aim, the study firstly provides a non-formalistic description of the reflexive elements in Mihavani, namely the reflexive marker -ii- and the reflexive pronoun -eekha-/-eekhi- (“self”), and also of five of the constructions in which they can occur, namely verbal object, small clause, infinitival, expletive and prepositional object constructions. Based on the subsequent analyses of verbal object constructions and (verbal and nominal) infinitival constructions, it is argued that the core hypotheses of the NSA, which were initially proposed for the West-Germanic language Afrikaans, hold for Mihavani as well. The coreferential relationship between, on the one hand, the reflexive marker -ii- or a reflexive pronoun and, on the other hand, its antecedent is claimed to be the result of phi-feature valuation of the reflexive by its antecedent when this antecedent is merged into the specifier position of an identity focus light noun n, the locus of the reflexive marker -ii-. In contrast to previous analyses of reflexivity, the NSA provides a structural account for the coreferential relationship between a reflexive element and its antecedent, which means that lexical features, such as [±anaphor] and [±pronominal], as well as external binding mechanisms, can be dispensed with. It is furthermore argued that the NSA can also account for the coreferential relationship between the subject and the subject marker and the object and the object marker in Mihavani, due to phi-feature valuation inside a nominal shell. It is claimed that the subject marker heads a theme focus nominal shell and selects an overt or covert subject complement, whereas the object marker heads a presentational focus nominal shell and selects an overt or covert object complement. It is also argued that the NSA can account for the interpretation of infinitival nominal constructions (i) containing the reflexive marker -ii- as “oneself” and (ii) containing both the reflexive maker -ii- and a reflexive pronoun as coreferential with either the subject or object of the matrix clause. Based on the NSA, the internal structure of the Mihavani reflexive pronoun is analysed as an identity focus nominal shell as well, headed by the stem -eekha-/-eekhi- (“self”). Such an analysis might provide an explanation for Mihavani obligatorily reflexive constructions, which lack the reflexive marker -ii- but contain a reflexive pronoun. This issue is left as a topic for further investigation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie fokus op die verskynsel van verpligte refleksiwiteit in die Bantoetaal Lomwe-Mihavami (kortweg, “Mihavami”). Die oogmerk van die studie is om ’n analise van hierdie verskynsel in Mihavami te ontwikkel binne die breë raamwerk van Minimalistiese Sintaksis, en meer spesifiek binne die raamwerk van die Nominale Skulp-analise van verpligte refleksiwiteit (NSA) soos voorgestel deur Oosthuizen (2013). Om hierdie oogmerk te bereik, word daar eerstens ’n nie-formalistiese beskrywing gebied van die refleksiewe elemente in Mihavani, naamlik die refleksiefmerker -ii- en die refleksiewe voornaamwoord -eekha-/-eekhi- (“self”), asook van vyf konstruksies waarbinne hulle kan voorkom, naamlik verbale-objekkonstruksies, beknopte-sinkonstruksies, infinitiefkonstruksies, ekspletief-konstruksies en preposisionele-objekkonstruksies. Op basis van die daaropvolgende analises van verbale-objekkonstruksies en (verbale en nominale) infinitiefkonstruksies word daar geargumenteer dat die kernhipoteses van die NSA, wat aanvanklik voorgestel is vir Afrikaans, ’n Wes-Germaanse taal, ook vir Mihavani geld. Daar word aangevoer dat die koreferensiële verhouding tussen, enersyds, die refleksiefmerker -ii- of ’n refleksiewe voornaamwoord en, andersyds, sy antesedent die gevolg is van phi-kenmerkwaardering van die refleksiewe element deur sy antesedent wanneer die antesedent saamgevoeg is in die spesifiseerderposisie van ’n identiteitsfokus-ligte naamwoord n , die lokus van die refleksiefmerker -ii-. In teenstelling met vorige analises van refleksiwiteit, bied die NSA ’n strukturele verklaring van die koreferensiële verhouding tussen ’n refleksiewe element en sy antesedent, wat beteken dat daar geen noodsaak is vir leksikale kenmerke, soos [±anafoor] en [±pronominaal], en eksterne bindingsmeganismes nie. Daar word verder geargumenteer dat die NSA, op grond van phi-kenmerkwaardering binne ’n nominale skulp, ook ’n verklaring kan bied vir die koreferensiële verhouding tussen die subjek en die subjekmerker en die objek en die objekmerker in Mihavani. Daar word aangevoer dat die subjekmerker die hoof van ’n temafokus nominale skulp vorm en ’n overte of koverte subjekkomplement selekteer; die objekmerker, daarenteen, vorm die hoof van ‘n presentasiefokus nominale skulp en selekteer ’n overte of koverte objekkomplement. Daar word ook geargumenteer dat die NSA ’n verklaring kan bied vir die interpretasie van infinitiewe nominale konstruksies wat (i) die refleksiefmerker -ii- bevat met die betekenis “jouself, sigself” en (ii) sowel die refleksiefmerker -ii- en ’n refleksiewe voornaamwoord bevat waar beide koreferensieel is aan óf die subjek óf die objek van die matrikssin. Op basis van die NSA, word die interne struktuur van die refleksiewe voornaamwoord in Mihavani ook geanaliseer as ’n nominale skulp, een met die stam -eekha-/-eekhi- (“self”) as hoof. So ’n analise sou ’n verklaring kon bied vir verplig-refleksiewe konstruksies in Mihavani waarin die refleksiefmerker -ii- ontbreek maar waarin ’n refleksiewe voornaamwoord wel voorkom. Hierdie kwessie word gelaat as ’n onderwerp vir verdere ondersoek.
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Hoa, Nguyen, and n/a. "English and Vietnamese political news dicourse : a contrastive analysis in terms of stucture, lexis and syntax." University of Canberra. Education, 1990. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060725.100742.
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The present study is one of the first attempts undertaken to
study English and Vietnamese news discourse on a contrastive
basis. More specifically, it investigates the structure, the
lexical and syntactic features of English and Vietnamese
political news discourse.
It is hoped that the results of the study may help the Vietnamese
teacher and student to make better use of newspapers in the
process of English language teaching and learning. In addition, it
is hoped that the study may benefit the journalist, to some
extent, because it is generally assumed that if the knowledge of
news discourse structure, the linguistic features and the factors
involved are professionally known and shared, this will
facilitate news discourse production and comprehension.
The study reveals two different strategies used by English and
Vietnamese political news writers. English news writers
predominantly employ the IP structure pattern whereas
Vietnamese news writers employ BTN (Background-to-News).
Lexically, English newspapers use more lively, vigorous language,
metaphors, puns and hyperbole. In contrast, the occurrence of
serious, formal language is a very pronounced feature of
Vietnamese newspapers. This is the area where Vietnamese
students of English often have difficulty, as is indicated by the
survey. The greatest syntactic difference is sentence order,
namely, English news stories often use S + V + (O) + (A) while
their Vietnamese counterparts use A + S + V + (O) +. The other
difference is that English news paragraphs are mostly single
sentence paragraphs as disctinct from their multi-sentence
Vietnamese ones.
Chapter One is an introduction explaining the rationale, the
methods, and the data for analysis, of the present study.
Chapter Two is concerned with the theoretical background to the
study. It deals with such concepts as cohesion, coherence,
structure, relevance, text and discourse.
Chapter Three provides a contrastive overview of English and
Vietnamese newspapers, essentially in terms of ownership and
the approach to news.
Chapter Four examines the different structure patterns used by
English and Vietnamese reporters and journalists.
Chapter Five and Six study the different lexical and syntactic
features of English and Vietnamese political news discourse,
respectively.
In chapter Seven, a comparison of English and Vietnamese
political news discourse is given, which is based on the analyses
presented in chapters Four, Five and Six. In addition, it presents
the results of a survey of comprehension difficulty encountered
by Vietnamese students studying English now at the University
of Canberra, and looks at some discourse strategies involved in
news discourse production and comprehension.
The last chapter offers some implications for TEFL in Vietnam,
which are based on the author's own experience and results of a
survey. The author hopes that these implications may be of some
help to the practising teacher as well as the student.
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Law, Yin Wah Shirley. "The dative construction in Hong Kong Cantonese." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1996. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/72.
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Pisano, Paul W. "Ursatz, Grundgestalt, and Hyperdissonance: Post-Kuchkist Compound Syntax in Rachmaninoff Etudes-Tableaux, Op. 39, Nos. 1-3." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1407404385.
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Nilsson, Joel. "The Majo programming language : Creation and analysis of a programming language for parallelization." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informationssystem och -teknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-34071.
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It is well known that parallelization of software is a difficult problem to solve. This project aimed to research a possible solution by creating a programming language for parallelization and subsequently analyzing its syntax and semantics. This analysis consisted of readability and writability tests followed by a subjective discussion from the point of view of the author. The project resulted in the Majo programming language. Majo uses a graph based concurrency model with implicit shared data synchronization. The model is integrated into the languages design, making it easier to use. The analysis of the language showed that the integration of the threading model simplifies the writing of parallel software. However, there are several syntactic elements that could be improved upon, especially regarding the communication between concurrently executing threads. In conclusion, the author believes that the way forward in regards to parallel programming is to make programming languages more human centric and design syntax in a way that intuitively expresses the underlying semantics.
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Goria, Cecilia. "Syntax and morphology of subject clitics in Piedmontese : analysis based on the minimalist program and optimality theory." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2000. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488022.
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Kuroda, Ko. "Foundations of Pattern Matching Analysis - A New Method for the Cognitively Realistic Description of Natural Language Syntax." Kyoto University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181028.
Full textAbstract:
Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第8465号
人博第95号
11||163(吉田南総合図書館)
新制||人||23(附属図書館)
UT51-2000-F369
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科人間・環境学専攻
(主査)教授 山梨 正明, 助教授 東郷 雄二, 助教授 河崎 靖
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Weilguni, Marina. "Streets, Spaces and Places : Three Pompeiian Movement Axes Analysed." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-153425.
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This study is an urban analysis of Roman Pompeii. It explores the spatial structure of the town just before the eruption of Vesuvius in AD 72, and how public space was used for movement, activity and interaction between people. For this, Space Syntax was used, a topological method developed in the 1980s to analyse and plan modern urban contexts, based on the configuration of spatial systems in the axial and in the convex dimension, representing movement and “place” respectively. This method was used to establish an axial map of Pompeii, and to analyse the spatial configuration of three specific movement axes. The axial map strengthens one of the hypotheses discussed in current research about Pompeii, namely that of an older town nucleus in the west part of Pompeii. One part of the thesis is a hypothetical reconstruction of a town-wide traffic system for wheel-borne traffic. The routes were reconstructed to fit the archaeological evidence and meet certain other criteria, and were then independently checked against the axial analysis. As a conclusion, a regulated traffic system could be seen to have existed. A good case was made for how it could have worked. Another part of the thesis deals with the relation between public and interior space. The different types of interior spatial units lining the three chosen movement axes were investigated. The aim was to see how differences in both density of doorways and type of interface gave rise to different urban environments. It was found that commerce and a concomitant dense interface with many street doors largely followed the dimension of movement. The segmentation of public space along the movement axes was explored in order to gain an insight into which segments of space held specific functions, and how how these functions related to dense and less dense interfaces between public and interior space. This segmentation emphasizes official buildings and monuments, which are allowed to disrupt what is otherwise the norm for the permeable interface between exterior and interior space. As a result, the picture of a town with two different types of interaction between people emerges. On the one hand, both fleeting and more intense interaction was facilitated in those spaces where official buildings and monuments were prominent, and where group identity was stressed. On the other hand, the more unregulated interaction largely took place “along the road” between these spaces.
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Gazdik, Anna. "Multiple questions in french and hungarian : a lexical-functional analysis with special emphasis on the syntax-discourse interface." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070039.
Full textAbstract:
L'objectif de cette thèse est d'offrir une analyse des questions multiples en français et en hongrois dans le cadre de la grammaire lexicale-fonctionnelle (LFG). L'analyse est centrée sur les aspects syntaxiques, discursives et leur interface. L'étude des questions multiples est intégrée dans une approche plus générale des fonctions du discours et de la structure discursive, qui s'avèrent cruciales dans l'analyse. Je propose une structure syntaxique qui est neutre vis-à-vis le discours dans la sens où elle ne contient pas de positions désignées pour les fonctions du discours. Ces-dernières sont définies sémantiquement et pragmatiquement, et distinguées systématiquement du soulignement formel. Les deux niveaux représentationnels principaux de LFG sont la structure en constituants et la structure informationnelle. De plus, une représentation possible de la structure discursive est aussi examinée. L'architecture de la structure informationnelle proposée ne contient pas les fonctions du discours en tant que primitifs, mais est basée sur leurs propriétés fondamentales : proéminence et l'ancrage discursif. L'interprétation des questions multiples (le type de réponse qu'elles attendent) est dérivée directement de la correspondance des structures en constituants et informationnelle en hongrois. Les questions multiples attendant une réponse en liste de paires contiennent un mot , qui discursivement ancré, qui apparaît dans une position associée avec cette propriété. Les questions multiples attendant une réponse de paire unique ne contiennent pas de tel mot qu. En français, par contre, la syntaxe est moins révélatrice de ce point de vue et la prosodie joue un rôle plus importantIn this thesis, I aim at providing an analysis of multiple questions in Hungarian and Prench, in the framework of Lexical- Functional Grammar (LFG). The analysis con¬centrates on the syntactic and discursive aspects and on their interface. The study of multiple questions is embedded in a more comprehensive account of discourse functions and discourse structure, which both play a crucial role in tho analysis. It is argued that syntactic structure is discourse-neutral in the sense that it does not contain designated syntactic positions for discourse functions, such as topic and focus, even in discourse-configurational languages. Discourse functions are, in turn, defined semantically and pragmatically, systematically distinguished from formal highlighting. The two main representational levels of LFG considered are the constituent structure and the information structure. In addition, a possible discourse struc¬ture représentation is also explored. The proposed i-structure architecture does not contain the discourse functions as its primitives, but builds on two fondamental properties of those: prominence and D-linkedness Although prominence is un-derstood as a semantic notion, prominent elements are also formally highlighted, which is formalized with the help of correspondence functions between constituent structure and information structure on the one hand, and prosodic structure and information structure on the other. The former assumes that certain syntactic positions are associated with these information structure properties. The interpretation of multiple questions (the type of answer they license) in Hungarian is directly derived from this constituent structure— information structure correspondence. Multiple questions that expect pair-list answers contain a D-linked question word, which appears in a position associated with this property. No such question word is present in multiple questions licensing single-pair answers. Syntax is not revelatory in French in this respect, where prosody is argued to play a crucial role
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Liang, Yuan, and 梁源. "Dislocation in cantonese: sentence form, information structure, and discourse function." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31244476.
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David, Åström. "Implementation and Evaluation of an Emulated Permission System for VS Code Extensions using Abstract Syntax Trees." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Programvara och system, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177474.
Full textAbstract:
Permission systems are a common security feature in browser extensions and mobile applications to limit their access to resources outside their own process. IDEs such as Visual Studio Code, however, have no such features implemented, and therefore leave extensions with full user permissions. This thesis explores how VS Code extensions access external resources and presents a proof-of-concept tool that emulates a permission system for extensions. This is done through static analysis of extension source code using abstract syntax trees, scanning for usage of Extension API methods and Node.js dependencies. The tool is evaluated and used on 56 popular VS Code extensions to evaluate what resources are most prevalently accessed and how. The study concludes that most extensions use minimal APIs, but often rely on Node.js libraries rather than the API for external functionality. This leads to the conclusion the inclusion of Node.js dependencies and npm packages is the largest hurdle to implementing a permission system for VS Code.
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Styan, Evelyn Matheson. "Elementary sentences containing 'be' : a semantic analysis of subject-predicate relations." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75679.
Full textAbstract:
Within a theoretical framework that combines generative X-bar syntax (Chomsky 1986), a compositional interpretive semantics and elements of Aristotelian logic, this thesis studies the nature of the syntactic and semantic constituents involved in the subject-predicate relations of elementary sentences containing 'be'. Interpretation is characterized in terms of the entities of various types that speakers intend to refer to and the various ontological types that the referents are said to belong to. 'Be' is analyzed as a single lexical item. This analysis unifies all syntactic functions (e.g., auxiliary, copula, main verb) and all "senses" of 'be' (e.g., definitional, equative, predicative, etc.). Conceptually, 'be' in English is an explicit sign of attribution. The propositional content of simple sentences of the form (NP be XP) is the attribution of a certain ontological type or types to the referent(s) of the subject NP. Although the value of postulating a single ontological category to account for all the entities that speakers can refer to and talk about (such as an Aristotelian substance) is questionable, nevertheless, such categories and types seem pertinent for linguistic analysis. With respect to linguistic inference, pronominalization, and question words, an analysis based on ontological types is shown to be more explanatory than one based on the assignment of a fixed set of thematic relations to arguments.
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Dvořák, Tomáš. "Regulovaný syntaxí řízený překlad." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-412566.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis deals with formal and syntax directed translation. This thesis contains theoretical part, which defines regular, context free, context sensitive and recursively enumerable languages a grammar. There are given examples of grammars which are able to generate languages that are not context free. Covered by this thesis are matrix grammars, random context grammars and programed grammars. Researched are also finite, pushdown, deep and regular automata, transducers and their part within format syntax directed translation. This project also defines regular transducers based as regulated automata. Thesis defines regulated methods of syntax analysis based on predictive parsers. These methods cover analysis of studied regulated grammars. The final part of this thesis describes new language capable of effective description of these grammars and compiler producing parser code for these grammars written in this new language and their graphical analyzer.
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Algryani, Ali Mohamed Khalifa. "The syntax of ellipsis in Libyan Arabic : a generative analysis of sluicing, VP ellipsis, stripping and negative contrast." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1622.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation explores the syntax of ellipsis in Libyan Arabic (LA henceforth) focusing on sluicing, verb phrase ellipsis, stripping and negative contrast. These elliptical structures have not been studied in the language before; therefore, this study provides the first description of these phenomena from a generative perspective. Chapter three provides an overview of the status of ellipsis in syntactic theory and shows that there is compelling evidence that several ellipsis sites contain syntactic structure, which consequently can be treated as PF deletion phenomena. Chapter four investigates sluicing and attempts to determine whether what appears as sluicing is sluicing or pseudosluicing. It is revealed that some apparent cases of sluicing are instances of pseudosluicing despite their superficial appearance as sluicing. This follows from the fact that in this null subject language with covert copulas and noncase- marked wh-expressions, sluicing and pseudosluicing can be indistinguishable in some contexts. Chapter five discusses the interaction between preposition stranding (p-stranding) and sluicing. It concludes that the apparent cases of p-stranded sluices are instances of pseudosluicing. Therefore, two sources of IP ellipsis are proposed: sluicing and pseudosluicing. The former derives from regular wh-questions and conforms to the p-stranding generalisation; while the latter results from the deletion of a clefted clause whose pivot is an extracted wh-phrase. The fact that the preposition in cleft wh-questions resides in the relative clause, which is eventually deleted in pseudosluicing, yields the illusion that such constructions involve p-stranding. Finally, the proposed analysis provides novel evidence for Shlonsky’s (2002) analysis of Arabic Class II wh-questions as copular clauses. Chapter six discusses two cases of verb phrase related ellipsis, referred to as modal ellipsis and verb-stranding VP ellipsis. In the former, the complement of the modal verb is deleted, while in the latter, where the lexical verb is assumed to have raised to T, the complement of the main verb plus all vP-related material are elided. Given that modal ellipsis exhibits missing antecedents and binding effects and allows for extraction in some contexts, it is proposed that such an ellipsis is a gap with internal syntactic structure, which thus can be analysed as VP deletion at PF. As for the putative verb-stranding VP ellipsis, I will propose that this should not be analysed as VP ellipsis as in Farsi, Hebrew and Finnish. Rather, it should be reducible to null objects and/or individual constituent drop. This claim rests on two arguments. First, unlike VP ellipsis, the putative verb-stranding VP ellipsis is subject to definiteness restrictions; second, it differs from VP ellipsis with respect to the deletion of vPrelated material. Finally, chapter seven is concerned with stripping and negative contrast. It is proposed that both constructions involve TP ellipsis. The remnant in such constructions undergoes movement to the left periphery followed by TP deletion. However, stripping and negative contrast are distinct in terms of their interaction with information structure, that is, while the remnant in stripping is perceived as new information focus, in negative contrast it is interpreted contrastively.
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Lundin, Kleberg Helena. "Förflyttning som drivkraft: Case Årstaberg." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-122691.
Full textAbstract:
Rörelse i staden är avgörande för hur staden fungerar. Platser och stråk med stora flöden har annorlunda förutsättningar än platser och stråk med små flöden. Flödena påverkas i sin tur av stadens struktur. Det här examensarbetet handlar om hur förtätning kan vara en del i en medveten förändring av stadsstrukturen och hur man genom förändringar i stadsstrukturen kan skapa varierande rumsliga förutsättningar som kan utgöra ett ramverk för framtida utformning. Föremålet för den här studien är området runt Årstabergs pendeltågsstation i södra Stockholm. Området är en viktig kollektivtrafikknutpunkt och många människor passerar här dagligen för att byta mellan olika kollektivtrafikslag. Men det finns få rumsliga förutsättningar för att man ska röra sig här till fots av någon annan anledning. Genom att förbättra den rumsliga integrationen mellan Årstaberg och omkringliggande stadsdelar och genom förtätning i strategiska lägen skapas en diversitet av rumsliga förutsättningar i området. Baserat på dessa olika förutsättningar utvecklas principer fram för program, offentliga platser och byggnadernas möte med det offentliga rummet.Movement in a city is crucial for how the city works. Streets and spaces with big flows of people have different potential than streets and spaces where few people moves. The flow of people is in turn influenced by the urban structure. This master thesis examines how densification can be a part of a transformation of the urban structure and how changes of the urban structure can create a variety of spatial conditions that forms a framework for future urban design. The case for this study is the area around Årstaberg commuter station in southern Stockholm. The area is an important transit hub and many people passes here every day to switch between transport modes. But there are few spatial conditions that promote walking here for any other reason. Through changes of the spatial integration and densification in strategic locations a diversity of spatial conditions are created. Based on these different conditions principles for the program, public spaces and building frontages are developed.
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Handlíř, Jaroslav. "Gramatické systémy a syntaxí řízený překlad založený na nich." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-363770.
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The thesis examines the theory of formal languages in the field of context-free grammars. It focuses mainly on the possibilities and models of collaborating grammars to solve a common problem. In this context, it presents grammatical systems that have been designed as a formal means for describing distributed and parallel processing. After introducing to the problematics, the thesis focuses on the practical use of these mechanisms in the translation controlled syntax, and therefore the second part of the thesis deals with the implementation of a dynamic syntactic analyzer that uses more grammars during the analysis. With respect to the greatest user friendliness and the possible didactic use, the application is implemented using modern web technologies HTML5, JavaScript, AngularJS, CSS3, LESS and more.