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Academic literature on the topic 'Synoptic maps'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Synoptic maps"

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Rayner, Johnn. "Remarkable Surface Synoptic Maps from the 1930s." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 86, no. 11 (November 2005): 1603–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-86-11-1603.

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Hewitson, BC, and RG Crane. "Self-organizing maps: applications to synoptic climatology." Climate Research 22 (2002): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/cr022013.

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Bertello, L., A. A. Pevtsov, G. J. D. Petrie, and D. Keys. "Uncertainties in Solar Synoptic Magnetic Flux Maps." Solar Physics 289, no. 7 (January 14, 2014): 2419–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11207-014-0480-3.

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Gibson, Sarah E., David Webb, Ian M. Hewins, Robert H. McFadden, Barbara A. Emery, William Denig, and Patrick S. McIntosh. "Beyond sunspots: Studies using the McIntosh Archive of global solar magnetic field patterns." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 12, S328 (October 2016): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317003726.

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AbstractIn 1964 (Solar Cycle 20; SC 20), Patrick McIntosh began creating hand-drawn synoptic maps of solar magnetic features, based on Hα images. These synoptic maps were unique in that they traced magnetic polarity inversion lines, and connected widely separated filaments, fibril patterns, and plage corridors to reveal the large-scale organization of the solar magnetic field. Coronal hole boundaries were later added to the maps, which were produced, more or less continuously, into 2009 (i.e., the start of SC 24). The result was a record of ~45 years (~570 Carrington rotations), or nearly four complete solar cycles of synoptic maps. We are currently scanning, digitizing and archiving these maps, with the final, searchable versions publicly available at NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information. In this paper we present preliminary scientific studies using the archived maps from SC 23. We show the global evolution of closed magnetic structures (e.g., sunspots, plage, and filaments) in relation to open magnetic structures (e.g., coronal holes), and examine how both relate to the shifting patterns of large-scale positive and negative polarity regions.
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Gosain, S., and J. W. Harvey. "Design of a Full Stokes Polarimeter for Chromospheric Measurements with SOLIS/VSM." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, S305 (December 2014): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921315004743.

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AbstractThe synoptic observations of the magnetic field of the Sun have continued at the National Solar Observatory (NSO) since 1970s. The daily full-disk maps of the longitudinal magnetic field are regularly combined to form Carrington maps of the photospheric magnetic flux per solar rotation. These maps continue to be used by the international research community for a variety of studies related to solar magnetism as well as for space weather studies. The current NSO synoptic facility is the Synoptic Optical Long-term Investigation of the Sun (SOLIS), which regularly provides photospheric vector and chromospheric longitudinal full-disk magnetograms, among other data products. In the near future, an upgrade of SOLIS to produce chromospheric vector magnetograms is planned. We present the design of a new polarization modulator package for full Stokes polarimetry of the chromospheric Ca II 854.2 nm spectral line.
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Diercke, Andrea, and Carsten Denker. "Synoptic maps in three wavelengths of the Chromospheric Telescope." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 14, A30 (August 2018): 339–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319004551.

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Abstracthe Chromospheric Telescope (ChroTel) observes the entire solar disk since 2011 in three different chromospheric wavelengths: Hα, Ca ii K, and He i. The instrument records full-disk images of the Sun every three minutes in these different spectral ranges. The ChroTel observations cover the rising and decaying phase of solar cycle 24. We started analyzing the ChroTel time-series and created synoptic maps of the entire observational period in all three wavelength bands. The maps will be used to analyze the poleward migration of quiet-Sun filaments in solar cycle 24.
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Berkovic, Sigalit. "Winter Wind Regimes over Israel Using Self-Organizing Maps." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 56, no. 10 (October 2017): 2671–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-16-0381.1.

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AbstractThe aim of this study is to objectively define and automatically reconstruct surface wind regimes over Israel. Unlike other previous studies that subjectively examined case studies or applied the semiobjective synoptic classification (SOC), this study shows the ability of the method of self-organizing maps (SOM) to directly define well-known wind regimes at the synoptic hours (0000, 0600, 1200, and 1800 UTC) during the winter. This ability sets the groundwork for future automatic climatological analysis and applications. The investigation is performed by analyzing surface wind measurements from 53 Israel Meteorological Service stations. The relation between the synoptic variables and the wind regimes is revealed from the averages of ECMWF interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim) variables at each SOM wind regime. The inspection of wind regimes and their average pressure anomalies has shown that wind regimes relate to the gradient of the pressure anomalies rather than to the specific isobaric pattern. Two main wind regimes—strong western and strong eastern—are well known over this region. During daytime, SOM classification identifies these two regimes while SOC reveals only strong western regimes since SOC considers depth of the pressure gradients only in the case of low pressure centers. In accordance with previous studies, two main groups—winter low and high pressure centers and/or Red Sea troughs—are related to the strong westerly or easterly wind regimes with low diurnal variability and high daily persistence. Regimes under weak pressure gradients have higher diurnal variability, relatively lower steadiness, and weaker speed. Their daily persistence is not necessarily low.
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Lee, Min-Hee, and Joo-Hong Kim. "The Role of Synoptic Cyclones for the Formation of Arctic Summer Circulation Patterns as Clustered by Self-Organizing Maps." Atmosphere 10, no. 8 (August 19, 2019): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10080474.

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Contribution of extra-tropical synoptic cyclones to the formation of mean summer atmospheric circulation patterns in the Arctic domain (≥60° N) was investigated by clustering dominant Arctic circulation patterns based on daily mean sea-level pressure using self-organizing maps (SOMs). Three SOM patterns were identified; one pattern had prevalent low-pressure anomalies in the Arctic Circle (SOM1), while two exhibited opposite dipoles with primary high-pressure anomalies covering the Arctic Ocean (SOM2 and SOM3). The time series of their occurrence frequencies demonstrated the largest inter-annual variation in SOM1, a slight decreasing trend in SOM2, and the abrupt upswing after 2007 in SOM3. Analyses of synoptic cyclone activity using the cyclone track data confirmed the vital contribution of synoptic cyclones to the formation of large-scale patterns. Arctic cyclone activity was enhanced in the SOM1, which was consistent with the meridional temperature gradient increases over the land–Arctic ocean boundaries co-located with major cyclone pathways. The composite daily synoptic evolution of each SOM revealed that all three SOMs persisted for less than five days on average. These evolutionary short-term weather patterns have substantial variability at inter-annual and longer timescales. Therefore, the synoptic-scale activity is central to forming the seasonal-mean climate of the Arctic.
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Lipphardt, B. L., D. Small, A. D. Kirwan, S. Wiggins, K. Ide, C. E. Grosch, and J. D. Paduan. "Synoptic Lagrangian maps: Application to surface transport in Monterey Bay." Journal of Marine Research 64, no. 2 (March 1, 2006): 221–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1357/002224006777606461.

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Wiley, Jake, and Andrew Mercer. "Synoptic Climatology of Lake-Effect Snow Events off the Western Great Lakes." Climate 9, no. 3 (March 5, 2021): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli9030043.

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As the mesoscale dynamics of lake-effect snow (LES) are becoming better understood, recent and ongoing research is beginning to focus on the large-scale environments conducive to LES. Synoptic-scale composites are constructed for Lake Michigan and Lake Superior LES events by employing an LES case repository for these regions within the U.S. North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) data for each LES event were used to construct synoptic maps of dominant LES patterns for each lake. These maps were formulated using a previously implemented composite technique that blends principal component analysis with a k-means cluster analysis. A sample case from each resulting cluster was also selected and simulated using the Advanced Weather Research and Forecast model to obtain an example mesoscale depiction of the LES environment. The study revealed four synoptic setups for Lake Michigan and three for Lake Superior whose primary differences were discrepancies in a surface pressure dipole structure previously linked with Great Lakes LES. These subtle synoptic-scale differences suggested that while overall LES impacts were driven more by the mesoscale conditions for these lakes, synoptic-scale conditions still provided important insight into the character of LES forcing mechanisms, primarily the steering flow and air–lake thermodynamics.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Synoptic maps"

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McCloughan, John Leslie. "Evolving Synoptic Maps of the solar magnetic field." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/485.

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McCloughan, John Leslie. "Evolving Synoptic Maps of the solar magnetic field." University of Sydney. Mathematics and Statistics, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/485.

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Islam, Md Rafiqul. "A SYNOPTIC APPROACH TO THE SOUTH ASIAN MONSOON CLIMATE." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent159481021640872.

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Adams, Ryan. "Bomb Cyclones of the Western North Atlantic." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1509530111664557.

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Smith, Erik T. "The Characteristics of Cold Air Outbreaks in the eastern United States and the influence of Atmospheric Circulation Patterns." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1499870942487366.

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Van, Tol Zachary Charles. "Analysis of Urban Heat Island Intensity Through Air Mass Persistence." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103468.

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The bulk of synoptic weather type research related to urban climate focuses on human health impacts; however, recent studies have begun to quantify urban heat island (UHI) magnitudes by weather type, or air mass classification. This study presents an analysis of UHI intensity through synoptic-scale air mass persistence during the spring season for four UHI-prone United States cities. Historical daily weather types for Birmingham, Alabama; Charlotte, North Carolina; Louisville, Kentucky; and St. Louis, Missouri were extracted from the Spatial Synoptic Classification database for 40 years from 1980 through 2019. Daily minimum surface air temperature data were downloaded from the Global Historical Climate Network to compute UHI. The historical daily weather type data were converted into a record of persistence, or the length of consecutive days that a synoptic weather type was in place at each location. A descriptive climatology of SSC weather types and UHI at each location was constructed before UHI magnitudes were segregated by day of persistence and examined for differences in intensity. Climatologically, the four urban areas experienced an increase in warm weather types at the expense of cool weather types throughout the study period. Specifically, the persistence of moist tropical weather types increased at a statistically significant rate at Birmingham, Charlotte, and Louisville, consistent with the theorized northward migration of the mid-latitude jet stream. Also evident is a statistically significant increase in UHI frequency and intensity at Birmingham, Charlotte, and Louisville during the study period. Results show that the moisture character of a weather type is an important differentiating factor in UHI intensification, as the mean UHI was found to increase with the persistence of dry weather types and decrease with the persistence of moist weather types, presumably reflecting differences in radiational heating and cooling with atmospheric moisture content. The most intense UHIs and the largest UHI magnitude increase by day of persistence are associated with dry weather types, which have become more frequent since 1980. The findings suggest that larger magnitude UHIs may become more common in the future should dry weather type persistence continue to increase. Higher urban temperatures put human health at risk due to a well-linked relationship between heat and mortality and morbidity rates. The effects of heat are cumulative; the more common persistent, oppressive days become, the larger the impact.
Master of Science
Most of the research related to variation in the warmth of an urban area relative to the surrounding rural area, or the urban heat island (UHI) effect, under varying air mass conditions (temperature and humidity) has focused on human health impacts. This study examines UHI intensity through regional-scale air mass persistence during the spring season in four UHI-prone United States cities. Historical daily air mass conditions in the form of weather types for Birmingham, Alabama; Charlotte, North Carolina; Louisville, Kentucky; and St. Louis, Missouri were downloaded from the Spatial Synoptic Classification database for the 40 years from 1980 to 2019. UHI values for each urban location were calculated using daily minimum air temperature data from the Global Historical Climate Network. A descriptive climatology of weather types and UHI magnitude at each of the four urban locations established long-term means and trends before analysis of UHI intensity through varying weather type residence times, or persistence. Time series analyses align with previous indications of an increasing persistence of weather types and an increase in the frequency of warm weather types at the expense of cool weather types during the spring season. An increase in both UHI frequency and intensity occurred through the study period at Birmingham, Charlotte, and Louisville. The mean intensity of the UHI was found to increase with the persistence of weather types of low humidity and to decrease with the persistence of moist weather types. The largest mean UHI and the largest UHI magnitude increase by day of persistence are associated with low humidity weather types, which have become more frequent since 1980. The impacts of heat are cumulative; persistently elevated temperatures are detrimental to human health.
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Carpenter, McLean Kent. "West Antarctic Surface Mass Balance: Do Synoptic Scale Modes of Climate Contribute to Observed Variability?" BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4382.

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Western Antarctica has been experiencing significant warming for at least the past fifty years. While higher Net Surface Mass Balance (SMB) over West Antarctica during this period of warming is expected, SMB reconstructions from ice cores reveal a more complex pattern during the period of warming. The mechanisms giving rise to SMB variability over the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) are not well understood due to lack of instrumental data. The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are believed to contribute to WAIS SMB variability but the assumption has not been rigorously tested. SMB during years where SAM and ENSO are in extreme phases is compared to average SMB from the period 1979-2010. Additionally, atmospheric circulation anomalies are used to assess what circulation patterns accompany extreme modes of climate during the same period. The results suggest that significantly lower SMB occurs when SAM is in an extremely positive phase or ENSO is in an extremely negative phase. Additionally, atmospheric circulation anomalies show that certain circulation patterns accompany extreme modes of climate, which contribute to SMB variability over the WAIS. Ultimately, the location of low and high pressure cells is the best predictor for extreme accumulation events over the WAIS. These results are verified by assessing observed net SMB trends from a network of firn cores located from the central WAIS. Seven new firn cores are added to improve the spatial network of regional net SMB measurements. Reconstructed net SMB is calculated from new firn core records, and compared to the existing cores. The new suite of preliminary firn core records show the same significant decreasing trend that is observed in existing cores. This represents a negative region-wide SMB trend that is likely in part due to trends in SAM and ENSO.
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Klinka, Karel, John Worrall, L. Skoda, Pal Varga, and Christine Chourmouzis. "The distribution and synopsis of ecological and silvical characteristics of tree species of British Columbia's forests." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/714.

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An updated silvics text for British Columbia. The need for an effective learning tool for silvics - one of the basic required courses in forestry - has been recognized by intructors as well as students across the province. The text prepared 18 years ago by Krajina et al. (1982) specifically for western Canada has become outdated. The silvics text by Burns and Honkala (1990) represents an up-to-date compendium but it is not an effective learning tool, particularly lacking in the linkage of silvics to ecological classification. Consequently, we revised and expanded “Distribution and Ecological Characteristics of Trees and Shrubs of British Columbia” (Krajina et al. 1982) using the available information on silvics, with some modification for BC and the results of recent silvics research done in BC. This material has been consolidated into a format that will help students understand the silvical attributes of tree species as well as the relationships between trees and their environments. To enhance learning, we have selected a series of slides illustrating the salient characteristics for each species and present this visual component on a CD-ROM included with the text. Also included is a large biogeoclimatic zone map of BC. The text, together with the CD-ROM, is intended to facilitate learning of silvics emphasizing its application to silviculture.
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Lee, Cameron C. "The Development of a Gridded Weather Typing Classification Scheme." Thesis, Kent State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3618946.

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Since their development in the 1990s, gridded reanalysis data sets have proven quite useful for a broad range of synoptic climatological analyses, especially those utilizing a map pattern classification approach. However, their use in broad-scale, surface weather typing classifications and applications have not yet been explored. This research details the development of such a gridded weather typing classification (GWTC) scheme using North American Regional Reanalysis data for 1979-2010 for the continental United States.

Utilizing eight-times daily observations of temperature, dew point, pressure, cloud cover, u-wind and v-wind components, the GWTC categorizes the daily surface weather of 2,070 locations into one of 11 discrete weather types, nine core types and two transitional types, that remain consistent throughout the domain. Due to the use of an automated deseasonalized z-score initial typing procedure, the character of each type is both geographically and seasonally relative, allowing each core weather type to occur at every location, at any time of the year. Diagnostic statistics reveal a high degree of spatial cohesion among the weather types classified at neighboring locations, along with an effective partitioning of the climate variability of individual locations (via a Variability Skill Score metric) into these 11 weather types. Daily maps of the spatial distribution of GWTC weather types across the United States correspond well to traditional surface weather maps, and comparisons of the GWTC with the Spatial Synoptic Classification are also favorable.

While the potential future utility of the classification is expected to be primarily for the resultant calendars of daily weather types at specific locations, the automation of the methodology allows the classification to be easily repeatable, and therefore, easily transportable to other locations, atmospheric levels, and data sets (including output from gridded general circulation models). Further, the enhanced spatial resolution of the GWTC may also allow for new applications of surface weather typing classifications in mountainous and rural areas not well represented by airport weather stations.

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Huang, Guan-Han, and 黃冠瀚. "Constructing Solar Synoptic Maps to Study The Temporal Variations of Coronal Holes." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09312845136150154268.

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碩士
國立中央大學
太空科學研究所
104
Synoptic maps are approximations of the full surface of the sun. We construct synoptic maps from CR2099 to CR2158 to study the dark regions on the EUV image called coronal holes. The data are retrieved from Atmospheric Imaging Assembly and Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager onboard Solar Dynamics Obervatory. Each synoptic map contains 48 central meridian images arranged in time series. Dark regions are extracted by the thresholding routines. A dark region is identified as a coronal hole if its magnetic field skewness exceeds 0.35. The sun is divided into north-polar (65° to 90°), mid-low latitude (-65° to 65°) and south-polar (-90° to -65°) region. Each region the area and unsigned flux of coronal holes are calculated and discussed. The result shows that mid-low latitude holes occupy 5% the area of mid-low latitude region, with unsigned flux 0.8×10^22 Mx. South-polar holes occupy 30% the area of the south polar region, with unsigned flux 0.4×10^22 Mx. Since south-polar region is much smaller than the mid-low latitude region, the magnetic field is stronger in south-polar holes than in mid-low latitude holes. In addition, we combine synoptic maps with Real-Time Solar Wind measurements on Advanced Composition Explorer, and try to trace fast solar wind particles from 1 AU back to the solar surface. The result shows that 48% of fast solar wind sources are close to the center of coronal holes.
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Books on the topic "Synoptic maps"

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Kishōchō, Japan. Tenkizu: Shōwa 63-nen 4-gatsu 1-nichi--Shōwa 63-nen 4-gatsu 30-nichi = Daily weather maps : sea level, 850 mb, 700 mb and 500 mb charts with synoptic data tabulations. [Tokyo]: Kishōchō, 1988.

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Churchill, Steven P. A synopsis of the Kansas mosses with keys and distribution maps. [Lawrence, Kan: University of Kansas], 1985.

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Hudlett, Albert. Synopsis géolinguistique: Continuum des parlers alémaniques et franciques d'Alsace et de Moselle germanophone. Strasbourg: Editions Ronald Hirlé, 2001.

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Hudlett, Albert. Synopsis géolinguistique: Continuum der parlers alémaniques et franciques d'Alsace et de Moselle germanophone : avec 174 cartes dialectales. Strasbourg: Hirlē, 2001.

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Shetty, Mahesh K. Breast cancer screening and diagnosis: A synopsis. New York: Springer, 2015.

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Séminaire Le Harcèlement racial en milieu de travail (1987 Montrèal, Quebec). Synopsis du Séminaire Le Harcèlement racial en milieu de travail: Stratégies d'intervention, de redressement et de prévention : vendredi 27 mars 1987, 9:00-16:00, Holiday Inn Richelieu, Montréal, Québec. [Montréal]: CRARR, 1987.

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LILJEQUIST. Weather and Weather Maps: A Volume Dedicated to the Memory of Tor Bergeron. Birkhäuser, 2014.

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LILJEQUIST. Weather and Weather Maps: A Volume Dedicated to the Memory of Tor Bergeron. Birkhauser Verlag, 2013.

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Shetty, Mahesh K. Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis: A Synopsis. Springer New York, 2016.

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Westwood, Guy. The Rhetoric of the Past in Demosthenes and Aeschines. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198857037.001.0001.

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This work examines how politicians in late classical Athens made persuasive use of the city’s past when addressing mass citizen audiences, especially in the law courts and Assembly. It focuses on Demosthenes and Aeschines—both prominent statesmen, and bitter rivals—as its case-study orators. Recent scholarly treatments of how the Athenians remembered their past tend to concentrate on collective processes; to complement these, this work looks at the rhetorical strategies devised by individual orators, examining what it meant for Demosthenes or Aeschines to present particular ‘historical’ examples (or paradigms/paradeigmata), arguments, and illustrations in particular contexts. It argues that discussing the Athenian past—and therefore a core aspect of Athenian identity itself—offered Demosthenes and Aeschines (and others) an effective and versatile means both of building and highlighting their own credibility, authority, and commitment to the democracy and its values, and of competing with their rivals, whose own versions and handling of the past they could challenge and undermine as a symbolic attack on those rivals’ wider competence. Recourse to versions of the past also offered orators a way of reflecting on a troubled contemporary geopolitical landscape where Athens first confronted the enterprising Philip II of Macedon and then coped with Macedonian hegemony. The work, which covers all of Demosthenes’ and Aeschines’ surviving public oratory, is constructed round a series of detailed readings of individual speeches and sets of speeches (Chapters 2 to 6), while Chapter 1 offers a series of synoptic surveys of individual topics which inform the main discussion.
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Book chapters on the topic "Synoptic maps"

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Balachandran, Bala. "Synoptic Maps of Solar Wind: Comparison of IPS Data and the NOAA/SEC Version of the Wang and Sheeley Model." In Physics of the Solar Corona and Transition Region, 321–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0860-0_20.

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Woo, Ming-ko. "Synopsis of Atmospheric Research under MAGS." In Cold Region Atmospheric and Hydrologic Studies. The Mackenzie GEWEX Experience, 1–7. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75136-6_1.

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Danko, George L. "Synopsis and Examples of State-Flux Transport Network Models." In Model Elements and Network Solutions of Heat, Mass and Momentum Transport Processes, 197–231. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-52931-7_11.

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Reynolds, R. "SYNOPTIC METEOROLOGY | Weather Maps." In Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, 2230–41. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-227090-8/00397-3.

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Reynolds, R. "SYNOPTIC METEOROLOGY | Weather Maps." In Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, 289–98. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-382225-3.00397-2.

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Dearman, W. R. "General or synoptic engineering geological maps." In Engineering Geological Mapping, 113–36. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7506-1010-0.50011-5.

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"Daily synoptic weather maps, 1781–5." In The Weather of the 1780s Over Europe, 27–147. Cambridge University Press, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511735721.005.

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Whiteman, C. David. "Weather Maps, Forecasts, and Data." In Mountain Meteorology. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195132717.003.0016.

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Weather maps prepared by the National Weather Service summarize and synthesize weather data to provide a comprehensive picture of weather conditions at a given time. They are the basis of weather maps used on television to show precipitation, high and low pressure centers, and fronts. Weather maps are produced using both surface data and data from specified pressure levels. Data are plotted and contoured by computer, and analysts use satellite photos, satellite video loops, weather forecast models, and extrapolations from previous frontal and pressure system analyses to locate fronts and pressure centers. An example of a surface weather chart is presented in figure 9.1. A 500-mb chart for the same date and time was presented in figure 5.1. Symbols are used on weather maps to indicate synoptic-scale features. High and low pressure weather systems (highs and lows) are indicated by the letters H and L, with isobars labeled in millibars. Lines indicating frontal positions (section 6.2) represent the position on the ground of boundaries between air masses. Additional meteorological variables, such as temperature, are often analyzed on the same map using dashed or colored lines. Pressure, temperature, and other data from the reporting stations are plotted in coded form at the station locations. A station model specifies the positions in which different types of data are plotted relative to the station location. Figure 9.1 used an abbreviated station model. A complete station model is shown in figure 9.2. Figures 9.3 — 9.7 show additional symbols used in station models to indicate total sky cover, winds, pressure tendency, cloud types, and present weather types, respectively. A surface weather chart, with the symbols indicating fronts and high and low pressure centers and the information included in the station model, provides a snapshot of synoptic-scale conditions at ground level. By overlaying charts for several pressure levels (section 5.1.3), changes with altitude can be identified and the three-dimensional structure of the atmosphere at a given point in time can be visualized. By comparing consecutive charts, the rate of movement of fronts and the rates of development of high and low pressure centers can be determined.
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Li, J., B. LaBonte, L. Acton, and G. Slater. "Large-scale and long-lived coronal structures detected in limb synoptic maps." In Multi-wavelength Observations of Coronal Structure and Dynamics, Yohkoh 10th Anniversary Meeting, 333–36. Elsevier, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0964-2749(02)80088-9.

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Fedorova, Natalia, Vladimir Levit, and Lucas Carvalho Vieira Cavalcante. "Impacts of Tropical Cyclones in the Northern Atlantic on Adverse Phenomena Formation in Northeastern Brazil." In Current Topics in Tropical Cyclone Research. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88804.

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Tropical cyclone (TC) impacts on adverse phenomena in the tropical region of Northeastern Brazil (NEB) have been analyzed. TC influence on fog and rain formation was not described in the previous papers. The main goal of the chapter is to evaluate the existence of such influence and thus to improve the weather forecasting in this area. TC information from the NHC of the NOAA was used. METAR and SYNOP data were used for the adverse phenomena study. Analysis of the synoptic systems was based on different maps at the pattern levels and on satellite images. These maps were elaborated using reanalysis data from the ECMWF. Thermodynamic analysis was also used. Middle tropospheric cyclonic vortexes (MTCV) in the tropical region of the Southern Atlantic were described recently. Five from 10 MTCVs were associated with tropical cyclones and disturbances in the Northern Atlantic. Circulation patterns between TC and synoptic systems at the NEB are described. These circulations create sinking over the BNE and, as a result, form fog, mist and weak rain in the BNE during TC days. Mechanisms of TC influence on weather formation in the BNE are presented. This information is important for improving weather forecasting methods.
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Conference papers on the topic "Synoptic maps"

1

Boursier, Yannick, Antoine Llebaria, Francois Goudail, Philippe Lamy, and Sebastien Robelus. "Automatic detection of coronal mass ejections on LASCO-C2 synoptic maps." In Optics & Photonics 2005, edited by Silvano Fineschi and Rodney A. Viereck. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.616011.

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2

Hick, P., B. V. Jackson, and R. C. Altrock. "Coronal synoptic temperature maps derived from the Fe XIV/Fe X intensity ratio." In Proceedings of the eigth international solar wind conference: Solar wind eight. AIP, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.51467.

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3

C. Sprinceana, V., A. Popescu, C. Petrescu, S. T A Prisecaru, M. Nedelcu, V. Zorilescu, and M. Albaiu. "Synoptic Aero Magnetic And Gravity Maps Implementation Of The Oas – Gutai – Tibles Mountains (Romania)." In 4th Congress of the Balkan Geophysical Society. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.26.p3-05.

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4

Koracin, Darko, Richard L. Reinhardt, Marshall B. Liddle, Travis McCord, Domagoj Podnar, and Timothy B. Minor. "Assessment of Wind Energy for Nevada Using Towers and Mesoscale Modeling." In ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36198.

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The main objectives of the study were to support wind energy assessment for all of Nevada by providing two annual cycles of high-resolution mesoscale modeling evaluated by data from surface stations and towers, estimating differences between these annual cycles and standard wind maps, and providing wind and wind power density statistics at elevations relevant to turbine operations. In addition to the 65 existing Remote Automated Weather Stations in Nevada, four 50-m-tall meteorological towers were deployed in western Nevada to capture long-term wind characteristics and provide database input to verify and improve modeling results. The modeling methodology using Mesoscale Model 5 (MM5) was developed to provide wind and wind power density estimates representing mesoscale effects that include actual synoptic forcing during the two annual cycles (horizontal resolution on the order of 2 and 3 km). The results from the two annual simulation cycles show similar wind statistics with an average difference of less than 100 W/m2. The available TrueWind results for the wind power density at 50 m show greater values of wind power density compared to both MM5-simulated annual cycles for most of the area. However, mainly in the Sierras and the mountainous regions of southern and eastern Nevada, the MM5 simulations indicate greater values for wind power density. The results of this study suggest that the synthesis of the data from a network of tower observations and high-resolution mesoscale modeling is a crucial tool for assessing the wind power density in Nevada and, more generally, other topographically developed areas.
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5

Ugliotti, Francesca M., Sara Giaveno, Davide L. D. Aschieri, and Anna Osello. "DEVELOP CRITICAL THINKING FROM FREEHAND DRAWING TO DIGITAL PROCESSES." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2022v1end042.

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"Learning never stops, and neither does teaching. Stimulating critical thinking at the university plays a critical role in shaping a generation of professionals capable of meeting the ever-changing challenges of the modern world. The experience is related to the course of Building Drawing in the first year of Building Engineering at the Politecnico di Torino. The methodological approach adopted explores the potential of the drawing itself as a language of communication for the construction sector. The course becomes a learning path with the students: theoretical notions are provided as the foundation, then tools and methods for representing the survey and the project between tradition and innovation are analysed and evaluated with a critical attitude. Real-world (freehand sketching), digital (CAD vs BIM), augmented and virtual practices are presented to provide a synoptic picture of possibilities that the student may choose to use in subsequent courses and in working life. The recent pandemic has promoted further opportunities to innovate in teaching by adopting tools that stimulate creativity. The teacher becomes an avatar who can interact with students in cyberspace to evaluate and discuss project ideas. Students are continually asked to self-reflect and assess lesson content by identifying key concepts. The final evaluation also involves a discussion of a mind map in which keywords are put in order, reworked, linked to form a personal interpretation of the teaching. Through the introduction of these actions, it has been noticed an increasing involvement of students, both individually and in groups, leading to the achievement of quality results sometimes higher than required."
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6

Elkafrawy, Sameh, Sameh Elkafrawy, Akram Soliman, Akram Soliman, Mohamed Bek, and Mohamed Bek. "EVALUATING SHORELINE, URBAN AND ROADS CHANGES IN THE HURGHADA AREA, EGYPT, USING MULTISPECTRAL SATELLITE IMAGES." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b9422c50d28.22324330.

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The rapid urban development in the Hurghada area since the 1980s has dramatically enhanced the potential impact of human activities. To inventory and monitor this urban development effectively, remote sensing provides a viable source of data from which updated land cover information can be extracted efficiently and cheaply. In this study, data from three satellite datasets, Landsat Thematic Mapper (Landsat 5 TM), Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (Landsat 7 ETM+) and Terra/Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), acquired during 1987, 2000 and 2005, respectively, were used to detect and evaluate Hurghada's urban expansion. Five change detection techniques were tested to detect areas of change. The techniques considered were image differencing, image ratioing, image overlay, multidate principal component analysis (PCA) and post-classification comparison. The post-classification comparison was found to be the most accurate procedure and produced three land use/land cover (LULC) maps of the years 1987, 2000 and 2005 with overall accuracies of 87.8%, 88.9% and 92.0%, respectively. The urban expansion analysis revealed that the built-up area has expanded by 40 km2 in 18 years (1987–2005). In addition, 4.5 km2 of landfill/sedimentation was added to the sea as a result of the coastal urban development and tourist activities. The booming coastal tourism and population pressure were considered to be the main factors driving this expansion, and some natural and artificial constraints constrained the physical shape of the city. The expansion is represented by urban fringe development, linear, infill and isolated models. Topography, lithology and structures were also analysed as possible factors that influenced the expansion. The understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of Hurghada's urban expansion is the cornerstone for formulating a view about the future urban uses and for making the best use of the limited resources that are available [1]. A Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) image of 1987 and a Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) image of 2000 were used to examine changes in land use/land cover (LULC) around Hurghada, Egypt, and changes in the composition of coral reefs offshore. Prior to coral reef bottom type classification, the radiance values were transformed to depth invariant bottom indices to reduce the effect of the water column. Subsequently, a multi component change detection procedure was applied to these indices to define changes. Preliminary results showed significant changes in LULC during the period 1987–2000 as well as changes in coral reef composition. Direct impacts along the coastline were clearly shown, but it was more difficult to link offshore changes in coral reef composition to indirect impacts of the changing LULC. Further research is needed to explore the effects of the different image processing steps, and to discover possible links between indirect impacts of LULC changes and changes in the coral reef composition [2]. Knowledge and detecting impacts of human activities on the coastal ecosystem is an essential management requirement and also very important for future and proper planning of coastal areas. Moreover, documentation of these impacts can help in increasing public awareness about side effects of unsustainable practices. Analysis of multidate remote sensing data can be used as an effective tool in environmental impact assessment (EIA). Being synoptic and frequent in coverage, multidate data from Landsat and other satellites provide a reference record and bird’s eye viewing to the environmental situation of the coastal ecosystem and the associated habitats. Furthermore, integration of satellite data with field observations and background information can help in decision if a certain activity has caused deterioration to a specific habitat or not. The present paper is an attempt to utilize remote sensing data for assessment impacts of some human activities on the major sensitive habitats of the north western Egyptian Red Sea coastal zone, definitely between Ras Gemsha and Safaga. Through multidate change analysis of Landsat data (TM & ETM+ sensors), it was possible to depict some of the human infringements in the area and to provide, in some cases, exclusive evidences for the damaging effect of some developmental activities [3]. The coastline of Hurghada has experienced considerable environmental stress from tourist and residential recreational activities. Uncontrolled tourist development has already caused substantial damage to inshore reefs and imbalance in the hydrodynamic pattern of the coastal sediments. The objective of this paper is to investigate environmental changes using multitemporal, multispectral satellite data to identify changes at Hurghada caused by anthropogenic influences. Major detected changes include resort beaches, protection structures and landfill areas; these changes are mainly due to human intervention. Two Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images acquired in 1984 and 1997 are used for this analysis. The landfill areas formed during this period are calculated at about 2.15 Km2 . Whilst landfill creates new inexpensive land and improves access to the sea for tourists, it is the cause of environmental problems. In addition, land-use/land-cover and beach changes are determined over the 13-year period [4]. The Red Sea coastal zone is characterized by its sensitive, fragile, unique natural resources and habitats. In the Hurghada coastal region, major changes in the tourism industry have taken place in the last few decades. The detection of environmental changes, in a selected site of the Red Sea coastal zone, will be helpful to protect and develop this coastal environment. A methodology for separating natural and man-made changes in satellite images was developed. It was based on the following assumptions: (1) slow changes, which occur within the range of the class reflectance, represent a natural change rather than an anthropogenic one; (2) natural changes tend to be in the same land-use/land-cover class in each date, i.e. slow changes in the reflectance, not leading to changes in the type of land-use/land-cover class from the master image to the destination one; and (3) rapid changes in the reflectance of the Earth's objects are usually related to anthropogenic activities. This technique is used to identify and assess changes along the coast of Hurghada and Ras Abu Soma, the Red Sea. Results indicate serious human impacts and the necessity for control measures and monitoring. Recommendations are presented [5]. The rapid urban development of the Hurghada area began in early 1980 to build villages and huge tourist resorts and this has continued urban development and subsequent land filling and dredging of the shoreline and the destruction of coral so far. These coastal developments have led to an increase in shoreline land filling and dredging. Despite all the environmental laws of the organization to reduce infringement on the shoreline, the abuses are still ongoing. Change detection analysis using remote sensing is a very good tool to monitor the changes condition in urban development and shoreline. Four sensors was used in this study, three of them are, Landsat Multispectral Scanner (Landsat 1 MSS), Landsat Thematic Mapper (Landsat 5 TM), Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (Landsat 7 ETM+) and the another one is SPOT XS 4 (Originally Système Probatoire de l’Observation de la Terre), acquired during 1972, 1984, 1992, 2004 and 2011, respectively, were used to detect and evaluate Hurghada’s urban expansion and shoreline changes. After the images have been geometrically, radio-metrically and atmospherically corrected using ENVI 5.0 software, the digital number was transformed to the reflectance values and the images were ready to change detection process with the integration of geographic information system using Arc GIS 10 software. The results show that changes during the 39 years of the shoreline is 6.29 km2, (5.65 km2 accretion and 0.64 km2 erosion) and urban development is 16.47 km2 the road network is the 8.738 km2.
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7

Elkafrawy, Sameh, Sameh Elkafrawy, Akram Soliman, Akram Soliman, Mohamed Bek, and Mohamed Bek. "EVALUATING SHORELINE, URBAN AND ROADS CHANGES IN THE HURGHADA AREA, EGYPT, USING MULTISPECTRAL SATELLITE IMAGES." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4316250187.

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Abstract:
The rapid urban development in the Hurghada area since the 1980s has dramatically enhanced the potential impact of human activities. To inventory and monitor this urban development effectively, remote sensing provides a viable source of data from which updated land cover information can be extracted efficiently and cheaply. In this study, data from three satellite datasets, Landsat Thematic Mapper (Landsat 5 TM), Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (Landsat 7 ETM+) and Terra/Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), acquired during 1987, 2000 and 2005, respectively, were used to detect and evaluate Hurghada's urban expansion. Five change detection techniques were tested to detect areas of change. The techniques considered were image differencing, image ratioing, image overlay, multidate principal component analysis (PCA) and post-classification comparison. The post-classification comparison was found to be the most accurate procedure and produced three land use/land cover (LULC) maps of the years 1987, 2000 and 2005 with overall accuracies of 87.8%, 88.9% and 92.0%, respectively. The urban expansion analysis revealed that the built-up area has expanded by 40 km2 in 18 years (1987–2005). In addition, 4.5 km2 of landfill/sedimentation was added to the sea as a result of the coastal urban development and tourist activities. The booming coastal tourism and population pressure were considered to be the main factors driving this expansion, and some natural and artificial constraints constrained the physical shape of the city. The expansion is represented by urban fringe development, linear, infill and isolated models. Topography, lithology and structures were also analysed as possible factors that influenced the expansion. The understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of Hurghada's urban expansion is the cornerstone for formulating a view about the future urban uses and for making the best use of the limited resources that are available [1]. A Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) image of 1987 and a Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) image of 2000 were used to examine changes in land use/land cover (LULC) around Hurghada, Egypt, and changes in the composition of coral reefs offshore. Prior to coral reef bottom type classification, the radiance values were transformed to depth invariant bottom indices to reduce the effect of the water column. Subsequently, a multi component change detection procedure was applied to these indices to define changes. Preliminary results showed significant changes in LULC during the period 1987–2000 as well as changes in coral reef composition. Direct impacts along the coastline were clearly shown, but it was more difficult to link offshore changes in coral reef composition to indirect impacts of the changing LULC. Further research is needed to explore the effects of the different image processing steps, and to discover possible links between indirect impacts of LULC changes and changes in the coral reef composition [2]. Knowledge and detecting impacts of human activities on the coastal ecosystem is an essential management requirement and also very important for future and proper planning of coastal areas. Moreover, documentation of these impacts can help in increasing public awareness about side effects of unsustainable practices. Analysis of multidate remote sensing data can be used as an effective tool in environmental impact assessment (EIA). Being synoptic and frequent in coverage, multidate data from Landsat and other satellites provide a reference record and bird’s eye viewing to the environmental situation of the coastal ecosystem and the associated habitats. Furthermore, integration of satellite data with field observations and background information can help in decision if a certain activity has caused deterioration to a specific habitat or not. The present paper is an attempt to utilize remote sensing data for assessment impacts of some human activities on the major sensitive habitats of the north western Egyptian Red Sea coastal zone, definitely between Ras Gemsha and Safaga. Through multidate change analysis of Landsat data (TM & ETM+ sensors), it was possible to depict some of the human infringements in the area and to provide, in some cases, exclusive evidences for the damaging effect of some developmental activities [3]. The coastline of Hurghada has experienced considerable environmental stress from tourist and residential recreational activities. Uncontrolled tourist development has already caused substantial damage to inshore reefs and imbalance in the hydrodynamic pattern of the coastal sediments. The objective of this paper is to investigate environmental changes using multitemporal, multispectral satellite data to identify changes at Hurghada caused by anthropogenic influences. Major detected changes include resort beaches, protection structures and landfill areas; these changes are mainly due to human intervention. Two Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images acquired in 1984 and 1997 are used for this analysis. The landfill areas formed during this period are calculated at about 2.15 Km2 . Whilst landfill creates new inexpensive land and improves access to the sea for tourists, it is the cause of environmental problems. In addition, land-use/land-cover and beach changes are determined over the 13-year period [4]. The Red Sea coastal zone is characterized by its sensitive, fragile, unique natural resources and habitats. In the Hurghada coastal region, major changes in the tourism industry have taken place in the last few decades. The detection of environmental changes, in a selected site of the Red Sea coastal zone, will be helpful to protect and develop this coastal environment. A methodology for separating natural and man-made changes in satellite images was developed. It was based on the following assumptions: (1) slow changes, which occur within the range of the class reflectance, represent a natural change rather than an anthropogenic one; (2) natural changes tend to be in the same land-use/land-cover class in each date, i.e. slow changes in the reflectance, not leading to changes in the type of land-use/land-cover class from the master image to the destination one; and (3) rapid changes in the reflectance of the Earth's objects are usually related to anthropogenic activities. This technique is used to identify and assess changes along the coast of Hurghada and Ras Abu Soma, the Red Sea. Results indicate serious human impacts and the necessity for control measures and monitoring. Recommendations are presented [5]. The rapid urban development of the Hurghada area began in early 1980 to build villages and huge tourist resorts and this has continued urban development and subsequent land filling and dredging of the shoreline and the destruction of coral so far. These coastal developments have led to an increase in shoreline land filling and dredging. Despite all the environmental laws of the organization to reduce infringement on the shoreline, the abuses are still ongoing. Change detection analysis using remote sensing is a very good tool to monitor the changes condition in urban development and shoreline. Four sensors was used in this study, three of them are, Landsat Multispectral Scanner (Landsat 1 MSS), Landsat Thematic Mapper (Landsat 5 TM), Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (Landsat 7 ETM+) and the another one is SPOT XS 4 (Originally Système Probatoire de l’Observation de la Terre), acquired during 1972, 1984, 1992, 2004 and 2011, respectively, were used to detect and evaluate Hurghada’s urban expansion and shoreline changes. After the images have been geometrically, radio-metrically and atmospherically corrected using ENVI 5.0 software, the digital number was transformed to the reflectance values and the images were ready to change detection process with the integration of geographic information system using Arc GIS 10 software. The results show that changes during the 39 years of the shoreline is 6.29 km2, (5.65 km2 accretion and 0.64 km2 erosion) and urban development is 16.47 km2 the road network is the 8.738 km2.
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Reports on the topic "Synoptic maps"

1

Ramm-Granberg, Tynan, F. Rocchio, Catharine Copass, Rachel Brunner, and Eric Nelsen. Revised vegetation classification for Mount Rainier, North Cascades, and Olympic national parks: Project summary report. National Park Service, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284511.

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Field crews recently collected more than 10 years of classification and mapping data in support of the North Coast and Cascades Inventory and Monitoring Network (NCCN) vegetation maps of Mount Rainier (MORA), Olympic (OLYM), and North Cascades (NOCA) National Parks. Synthesis and analysis of these 6000+ plots by Washington Natural Heritage Program (WNHP) and Institute for Natural Resources (INR) staff built on the foundation provided by the earlier classification work of Crawford et al. (2009). These analyses provided support for most of the provisional plant associations in Crawford et al. (2009), while also revealing previously undescribed vegetation types that were not represented in the United States National Vegetation Classification (USNVC). Both provisional and undescribed types have since been submitted to the USNVC by WNHP staff through a peer-reviewed process. NCCN plots were combined with statewide forest and wetland plot data from the US Forest Service (USFS) and other sources to create a comprehensive data set for Washington. Analyses incorporated Cluster Analysis, Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (NMS), Multi-Response Permutation Procedure (MRPP), and Indicator Species Analysis (ISA) to identify, vet, and describe USNVC group, alliance, and association distinctions. The resulting revised classification contains 321 plant associations in 99 alliances. A total of 54 upland associations were moved through the peer review process and are now part of the USNVC. Of those, 45 were provisional or preliminary types from Crawford et al. (2009), with 9 additional new associations that were originally identified by INR. WNHP also revised the concepts of 34 associations, wrote descriptions for 2 existing associations, eliminated/archived 2 associations, and created 4 new upland alliances. Finally, WNHP created 27 new wetland alliances and revised or clarified an additional 21 as part of this project (not all of those occur in the parks). This report and accompanying vegetation descriptions, keys and synoptic and environmental tables (all products available from the NPS Data Store project reference: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2279907) present the fruit of these combined efforts: a comprehensive, up-to-date vegetation classification for the three major national parks of Washington State.
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2

Dafoe, L. T., and N. Bingham-Koslowski. Geological synthesis of Baffin Island (Nunavut) and the Labrador-Baffin Seaway. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/314542.

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The Labrador Sea, Davis Strait, and Baffin Bay offshore regions, collectively referred to as the Labrador-Baffin Seaway, and their onshore margins including Baffin Island, Bylot Island, and West Greenland, form a region with a complex geological history developed through successive tectonic events. This complex geological and tectonic history is described in detail in this volume, a collaborative undertaking under the Geological Survey of Canada's Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals 2 program (GEM-2), with contributions from external partners. Knowledge from pre-existing studies, essential contributions from collaborators, and GEM research results have been incorporated into the 14 papers contained in this volume, which summarize previous geological and geophysical knowledge and include novel insights from a regional perspective that serve as a guide for future research and exploration activities. The papers in the volume highlight both onshore and offshore studies in order to produce a comprehensive synopsis of the geological history of the region, with corresponding high-resolution reference maps and figures, and select GIS data sets. This compilation is divided into sections covering Precambrian and Paleozoic geology, Mesozoic to present geology, and resources within the region.
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3

Dafoe, L. T., and N. Bingham-Koslowski. Baffin Island and the Labrador-Baffin Seaway GIS data. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330200.

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The Labrador Sea, Davis Strait, and Baffin Bay offshore regions, collectively referred to as the Labrador-Baffin Seaway, and their onshore margins including Baffin Island, Bylot Island, and West Greenland, form a region with a complex geological history developed through successive tectonic events. This complex geological and tectonic history is described in detail in this volume, a collaborative undertaking under the Geological Survey of Canada's Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals 2 program (GEM-2), with contributions from external partners. Knowledge from pre-existing studies, essential contributions from collaborators, and GEM research results have been incorporated into the 14 papers contained in this volume, which summarize previous geological and geophysical knowledge and include novel insights from a regional perspective that serve as a guide for future research and exploration activities. The papers in the volume highlight both onshore and offshore studies in order to produce a comprehensive synopsis of the geological history of the region, with corresponding high-resolution reference maps and figures, and select GIS data sets. This compilation is divided into sections covering Precambrian and Paleozoic geology, Mesozoic to present geology, and resources within the region.
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4

Map showing synopsis of seismotectonic features in the vicinity of New Madrid, Missouri. US Geological Survey, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/i2521.

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