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Academic literature on the topic 'Synergism prevailing'
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Journal articles on the topic "Synergism prevailing"
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Saeftel, Michael, Manuela Arndt, Sabine Specht, Lars Volkmann, and Achim Hoerauf. "Synergism ofGamma Interferon and Interleukin-5 in the Control of MurineFilariasis." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 12 (December 2003): 6978–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.12.6978-6985.2003.
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ABSTRACT There has been a prevailing perception that Th1 and Th2 immune responses induce antagonistic immune effector mechanisms during an infection. We investigated the role of the Th1 cytokine gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and the Th2 cytokine interleukin-5 (IL-5) in murine filariasis infections with the rodent filarial nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis with regard to immune responses to the parasite. Earlier data showed an important role for IL-5 and IFN-γ in effective immune responses to filarial infection. Therefore, in this study it was asked whether IL-5 and IFN-γ act synergistically or antagonistically. Indeed, IL-5 as well as IFN-γ knockout (KO) mice show a higher worm load than the wild-type controls. IFN-γ/IL-5 double-KO mice had a significantly higher worm load than any of the single-KO mice, suggesting a synergism between IFN-γ and IL-5 in controlling worm infection. Neutrophils are known to play an important role for the containment and encapsulation process of the worms. In infected IFN-γ KO, IL-5 KO, and IFN-γ/IL-5 double-KO mice, neutrophils were significantly reduced in chemotactic activity levels compared to controls. In addition, the level of phagocytosis activity of neutrophils from IFN-γ/IL-5 double-KO mice was further decreased in comparison to that of the single-KO mice. Levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, which is an important factor for neutrophil activation, were found to be reduced in macrophages from KO mice. In conclusion, these results argue for immune effector mechanisms in murine filarial infection that are dependent on both IFN-γ and IL-5. Synergistic effects of the two cytokines may be mediated, at least in part, by neutrophils for the control of adult worms.
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Sarkar, Lovely, and Mahendra Nath Roy. "Investigation on viscous synergism and antagonism prevailing in binary mixtures of cyclohexylamine with isomeric butanols by volumetric, viscometric, refractive index and ultrasonic speed measurements." Physics and Chemistry of Liquids 49, no. 2 (March 2011): 219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00319100903538837.
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Oliveira, Mayara Matias de, Elton Gabriel Fernandes de Brito, Keilla Maria Paz e. Silva, Flavia Regina Gonçalves de Aráujo, Taisy Cinthia Ferro Cavalcante, Amanda Alves Marcelino da Silva, and Sandra Lopes de Souza. "The feed beyond need: mechanisms of the hedonic control of eating." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): e41911326626. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i3.26626.
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Eating behaviors arise from a combination of several factors namely, physiological, emotional, social and genetic, including the prevailing state of the environment that the individual has been exposed to from the commencement of development. Several factors are known to affect the control of eating behaviors, distinguishable by the synergism of the homeostatic and hedonic control mechanisms, which are complementary. While undeniably homeostasis is under the control of the hormonal interchange between the intestine and the brain, the desire to eat is focused on the brain reward system, which includes acquisition and addictions and binge eating. In today's world, the easy availability of processed foods, high in sugars and fats, which stimulate the reward areas, can flood the brain with neurotransmitters linked to pleasure and happiness. This often results in an uncontrollable desire to eat, technically termed hedonic hunger. A presentation of an integrated perspective of the mechanisms involved in the control of hedonic eating behavior is given. It is crucial to understand these mechanisms, particularly paying attention to the ways the modern food environment induces excessive consumption and its contributions to the present obesity epidemic.
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Putalová, Tereza, Zdeněk Vacek, Stanislav Vacek, Igor Štefančík, Daniel Bulušek, and Jan Král. "Tree-ring widths as an indicator of air pollution stress and climate conditions in different Norway spruce forest stands in the Krkonoše Mts." Central European Forestry Journal 65, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/forj-2019-0004.
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Abstract The negative effect of air pollution on mountain spruce stands culminated in the 70s – 90s of the 20th century, when an extensive dieback and disturbance of stands occurred in the Krkonoše Mts., the Czech Republic. Dendrochronological analysis was used on ten permanent research plots established in 1976–1980 to document the dynamics of radial increment of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.). The objective was to determine the effect of SO2, NOX and O3 concentrations and precipitation and temperatures on spruce radial growth in climax forests, waterlogged forests and cultivated forests. The results document the strong depression of diameter increment in the period 1979–1991 caused by synergism of climatic extremes and high SO2 pollution in the 80s and 90s of the 20th century. After 2000 climate had prevailing effect on radial growth. Spruce increment was in positive correlation with temperature, particularly with temperature in the growing season and annual temperature of the current year. In general, temperature had a more significant effect on increment than precipitation, mainly in climax and peaty spruce stands. Diameter increment was in significant negative correlation with SO2 and NOX concentrations in all types of stands. Overall, peaty spruce stands were the most vulnerable to air pollution stress. Low radial increments were caused also by climate extremes, historically by strong frosts and winter desiccation in early spring, nowadays in time of climatic changes by extreme drought. Spruce stands have the ability of quickly responding by tree-ring width to both negative and positive impulses related with air pollution and climate.
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Upreti, Gopi. "Environmental Conservation and Sustainable Development Require a New Development Approach." Environmental Conservation 21, no. 1 (1994): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900024036.
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Designing appropriate policies and strategies that lead to environmental conservation (of biological diversity and natural ecosystems) and ecologically sustainable development, is not an option but a necessity. Nevertheless, it requires an appropriate developmental paradigm that can provide a more relevant perceptual and interpretive framework from which such strategies may emerge. The prevailing dominant social paradigm has ignored the following problems: the present level of resource consumption in the developed industrialized countries, the acute poverty and inequitable development pattern in the Third World, the massive capital flight from ‘global’ South to ‘global’ North, and the massive population growth-rates in poor Third World countries, for political or ideological reasons. This paradigm will ultimately lead to environmental destruction and collapse of The Biosphere if ‘business’ continues ‘as usual’.There has been unwillingness on the part of the politicians to admit this truth, but the development philosophy that does not include the strategies which can induce changes in our consumption and behavioural patterns, attitudes towards Nature, environmentally sound conservation and management practices and principles, elimination of poverty and inequity, and reduction of global population growth, will achieve nothing more than, as Morowitz (1991) calls it, a ‘Sisyphus's Myth’.Only a development paradigm that is deeply rooted in the principle of cooperation, social synergism, equity, and the understanding of ecological and social sustainability of resource uses, allocation, and management, can offer hope and engender optimism. The sooner humanity realizes and acts on this, the greater will be the chance for environmental conservation and the lesser will be the cost of human adaptation.
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Shekinah, D. Esther, and James K. Stute. "Synergy and/or Antagonism in a Cover Crop Sequence: Rotational Effects on Rye in the Midwest." Sustainable Agriculture Research 8, no. 2 (April 10, 2019): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v8n2p90.
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Cover cropping reduces soil erosion mainly by providing cover when the soil is left barren after a short season crop. It also improves nutrient cycling and prevents the loss of NO3-N by leaching especially during late fall and early spring season. When CCs are grown in a sequence, they are able to harvest both the benefits mentioned above and provide ecological services. However, there may be synergistic or antagonistic effects in action between CCs just as is the case of CC allelopathy in weed control. Field experiments were conducted over two cropping seasons (2016-16 and 2016-17) at Michael Fields Agricultural Institute, Wisconsin on a forest derived Fox silt loam (Fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalfs) under organic certification to determine the effect of sequential planting of CCs on Above Ground Biomass (AGB) yield, N and C addition and to determine the synergistic or antagonistic effect of the species grown in a sequence on each other. Ten different species of CCs were planted immediately after crop harvest in early August followed by winter rye in a sequence, after roll-crimping of the first cover. The cropping sequences significantly affected the cover crop yield and related parameters. Radish – winter rye sequence was the best performing one in both years of study with regard to the AGB yield (13.96 and 14.87 Mg ha-1 respectively), and large amounts of N and C added to the soil. Phacelia – winter rye followed close, with the sequence recording on par yields in 2015-16 (13.28 Mg ha-1). Winter rye performed better following a dicot compared to monocot; non-legume compared to a legume. The CC sequences also exhibited synergism and antagonism. The yield of winter rye was boosted when the biomass yield of the forage radish it followed increased, which we consider as synergy: while the yield of winter rye reduced whenever the yield of oat, barley or beseem clover it followed increased, which we consider as an antagonistic effect. The other CCs performed moderately and were greatly a reflection of the prevailing weather conditions. More research along this line is recommended to generate research based information on synergy and antagonism in CC sequence.
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Cao, Shiyi, Xijun Hu, Yezi Wang, Cunyou Chen, Dong Xu, and Tingting Bai. "Understanding Spatial-Temporal Interactions of Ecosystem Services and Their Drivers in a Multi-Scale Perspective of Miluo Using Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data." Remote Sensing 15, no. 14 (July 10, 2023): 3479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15143479.
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In the face of rapid urbanization and global climate change, understanding the trade-offs and synergies of wetland city ecosystem services is vital for mitigating regional ecological and environmental risks, and enhancing human well-being. The Dongting Lake Basin is an ecologically fragile area of global significance. Uncontrolled resource utilization and intensive human activities have severely damaged the ecological environment, including in Miluo. Thus, it is of paramount research importance to uncover the trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services and their driving mechanisms in Miluo. To achieve this, we classified Miluo’s land use data over the past two decades using a random forest model and Landsat imagery. We quantified the major ecosystem services in Miluo by employing ecological process models such as InVEST, RUSLE, and CASA. Additionally, we examined the trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services at different scales and identified the driving mechanisms using multi-source remote sensing data. The results revealed that forests exhibited the highest level of ecosystem services, while urban ecosystem services experienced a significant decline. Over the past two decades, Miluo displayed notable trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services, with synergies prevailing as the dominant pattern, particularly at the county scale. Furthermore, human activities emerged as the primary driver of changes in Miluo’s ecosystem services during the 20-year period. Therefore, it is imperative for scientists, policymakers, and civil society to develop effective and scientifically sound strategies to mitigate the ecological risks resulting from rapid urbanization and climate change in the future.
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Patyal, Vishal Singh, Sudhir Ambekar, Anand Prakash, Dipayan Roy, and Amit Hiray. "Assessment of cultural fit between buyers and suppliers." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 37, no. 4 (February 17, 2020): 635–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-12-2018-0338.
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PurposeThe present study proposes a model to examine the cultural fit between buyers and suppliers for establishing synergies in their processes and practices.Design/methodology/approachThis study assessed buyers' culture through the Competing Values Framework and used Quality Management Practices Model as a proxy to assess suppliers' culture. The data from 262 paired respondents were used for this analysis. This survey was administered in India, using linear snowball-sampling technique. This study applied 3SLS regression for each culture group separately.FindingsThis study has instituted the cultural fit between the buyers' and suppliers' culture. It is observed that for getting synergies between cultures, buyers need to choose a set of suppliers which have similar cultural traits.Research limitations/implicationsThis study presents empirical findings based on data from Indian manufacturing firms. These findings need testing in other developing countries and other sectors.Practical implicationsOrganizations can formulate right policies for supplier selection based on the cultural fit between buyers and suppliers.Originality/valueWith increasing role of suppliers in the value chain, organizations around the world need to work with the right suppliers for gaining a sustainable competitive advantage. Selection of the right suppliers depends on the cultural fit between buyers and suppliers that, in turn, depends on the selection of the right suppliers based on the prevailing culture.
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Miniati, A., Z. Weng, B. Zhang, A. J. Stratigos, E. Nicolaidou, and T. C. Theoharides. "Neuro-Immuno-Endocrine Processes in Vitiligo Pathogenesis." International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 25, no. 1 (January 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039463201202500101.
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Vitiligo is a cutaneous disorder of depigmentation, clinically characterized by well-demarcated, white macules of varying size and distribution. It can affect up to 2% of the population, especially younger ages. In spite of recent findings implicating genetic, immune and oxidative stress factors, the exact pathogenesis of vitiligo remains obscure. Here, we briefly discuss the prevailing theories, and offer new suggestions that could explain in part the damage of melanocyte in the vitiliginous lesions. Our emerging hypothesis is that neuropeptides released from peripheral nerve endings could synergize with new cytokines to adversely affect melanocyte function and viability. These may include corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and neurotensin (NT), as well as interleukin 33 (IL-33) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). Such interactions could serve the basis for further research, possibly leading to new treatments.
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Győri, Zsolt. "Crisis, Sociology and Agency in 1970s Hungarian Documentary Cinema." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Film and Media Studies 21, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 146–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausfm-2022-0006.
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Abstract This article explores synergies between Hungarian critical sociology in the 1960–70s and the documentary films made in Balázs Béla Stúdió in the same period. It treats the rationalization of social phenomena as a battle ground for meaning and claims that both representatives of the social sciences and filmmakers, on the one hand, called upon deficient social mechanisms and the inner contradictions of existing socialism and, on the other hand, pointed to the discrepancy between ideological and empirical perceptions of reality as the root cause of the crisis characterizing the consolidated Kádár regime. Adopting Clifford Geertz’s conceptual matrix of the experience-near and the experience-distant production of social meaningfulness, the article explores how sociologists and makers of sociographic documentaries alike resisted the prevailing epistemic regime, more specifically how they punctured and undermined the ideological meanings of such concepts as maternity, the Romani, and cooperative democracy.1
Book chapters on the topic "Synergism prevailing"
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Gómez-Gil, Marta, Rand Askar, Aikaterina Karanafti, Nika Trubina, Teresa Blázquez, Bengü Güngör, Luís Bragança, and Gerald Leindecker. "Unlocking the Potential of Material and Building Passports in the Transition to a Circular Economy in Buildings: A Critical Review." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 404–13. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57800-7_37.
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AbstractThe transition towards a Circular Economy (CE) stands as a pivotal strategy in reshaping our prevailing consumption patterns towards more sustainable resource management. Within this context, the European Union places a strong emphasis on elevating recycling and renovation rates while reducing dependence on primary resources, with a particular focus on the construction industry. Material and Building Passports have emerged as potential tools to facilitate this transition. They play a multifaceted role in CE, serving to raise awareness of the building’s performance, functioning as digital repositories of extensive data, and acting as consulting instruments for stakeholders involved in renovation actions, energy management, and building operation. However, a universally accepted definition of these tools remains elusive, and diverse interpretations persist. To contribute to a deeper understanding of these tools, this study embarks on a comprehensive review, tracing their evolutionary journey and delving into the potentialities and synergies they offer in fostering circularity throughout the life cycle of buildings. It also examines the barriers hindering their full-scale development and adoption, including the lack of standardization and legislative measures, financial constraints, issues of stakeholder involvement and responsibility, as well as challenges associated with data accessibility.
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"Synergies." In Re-imagining Democracy in the Age of Revolutions, edited by Joanna Innes and Mark Philp, 191–212. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199669158.003.0014.
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This chapter explores the way in which the experiences of the different places surveyed was shaped by interactions between them, distinguishing patterns prevailing in the later eighteenth and mid nineteenth centuries. The survey covers the way in which the larger context was explored and conceptualised; practical interactions between political developments in different states; the movement of individuals and the transmission of ideas, and what it was about particular places studied here that particularly aroused interest elsewhere, in terms of what was thought to be revealed about democracy. It is suggested that people often referred to developments elsewhere, as reference points in their own debates, but that what they took from others’ experience was always conditioned by their local concerns and aspirations.
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Lima, José Jerônimo de Menezes, Luciana Hahn de Menezes, Maria do Rocio Fontoura Teixeira, and Emir José Redaelli. "Perspectives and trends in organizational knowledge management." In Harmony of Knowledge: Exploring Interdisciplinary Synergie. Seven Editora, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevened2023.006-081.
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This article examines the perspectives and trends in Organizational Knowledge Management. In this sense, it explores the meanings attributed by experts in the discipline in relation to the statements made about the decline of the discipline in the academic and business environment. It also conducts research in the academic and specialized business literature on the perspectives and trends of the discipline. The chosen research method was the case study, carried out in an information technology company that executes the information technology policy of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. For data collection, a questionnaire was applied and semi-structured interviews were conducted, as part of the qualitative research paradigm. The results show not only the vitality of the discipline, but also its evolution since its inception. The perception of professionals in the field about the origin of pessimistic statements about the discipline offers an overview of the direction it is taking at the business level. The development of automated mechanisms for knowledge flows that can be leveraged by artificial intelligence stands out. The possibility of a reformulation of the discipline is considered, given the perception of specialists that narrow, partial or mistaken conceptions about it are prevailing. In the review of the specialized academic and commercial literature on the discipline, perspectives were found in relation to the implementation of standards for knowledge management, such as ISO-9001 and ISO-30401, the performance of audits to ensure the effectiveness of these programs, advances in relation to the adoption of practices to improve collective organizational learning, increasing use of communities of practice, emphasis on competitive intelligence, and data privacy concerns. The trends of the discipline indicate lean project management, attention to information sharing for remote work, actions aimed at absorptive capacity and organizational ambidexterity, intensive use of data analysis, alignment with themes of Society 5.0 and sustainability, use of maturity models, and the impact of artificial intelligence. The relevance of the research lies in the adoption of a critical-skeptical approach absent from the literature on the subject, which is reflected in the voices of professionals in the field. The study makes theoretical contributions and brings implications at the practical level and suggests the realization of future studies for empirical validation of knowledge management projects.
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Pempel, T. J. "Regimes and the Regional Order." In A Region of Regimes, 167–88. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501758799.003.0007.
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This concluding chapter assesses the interplay between the multiple regime clusters discussed thus far and the broader Asia-Pacific region over time. It examines how regime combinations shaped the regional order, but also how prevailing regional trends reverberate to influence different regimes. Altered global conditions favored the emergence of particular types of regimes while precluding others. Yet the chapter also analyzes how different mixes of regimes reshaped the Asia-Pacific regional order in defining ways. It argues that the regional order has gone through three discrete phases. The first was predominantly shaped and reinforced by American hegemony and Cold War bipolarity. Next, a second regional order saw the advance of regional economic synergies as the Asia-Pacific shifted from hostile bipolarity into an order characterized by peace and prosperity. Finally, a third regional order has been taking shape roughly since the global financial crisis (2008–2009).
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Vauchez, Antoine, and Samuel Moyn. "The Hollowing Out of the Public Interest." In The Neoliberal Republic, translated by Pierre France, 91–116. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501752544.003.0004.
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This chapter analyses the transformative effects of the new pattern of public–private collusion on prevailing conceptions and categories of the public interest. This dynamic development can be seen by following the trail of the group of mobile and multipositioned civil servants or politicians who turned corporate lawyers. As they invent new professional know-how and career paths, they personify, more than any other group, the dynamics of this interstitial space. They collectively act as brokers between the various poles of this field, create points of convergence, and actively disseminate new ways of thinking of the state and its role vis-à-vis markets. The density of this field of public–private intermediation can also be measured by looking at a diverse range of seemingly secondary platforms, including professional colloquia, sector-specific congresses, and other policy-oriented meetings and discussion series that are explicitly aimed at bringing together public and private professionals. These arenas provide participants with opportunities to liberate themselves from their respective institutional or professional loyalties and to profess the virtues of public–private synergies.