Academic literature on the topic 'Syndromic surveillance system'
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Journal articles on the topic "Syndromic surveillance system"
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Todkill, Dan, Paul Loveridge, Alex J. Elliot, Roger A. Morbey, Obaghe Edeghere, Tracy Rayment-Bishop, Chris Rayment-Bishop, John E. Thornes, and Gillian Smith. "Utility of Ambulance Data for Real-Time Syndromic Surveillance: A Pilot in the West Midlands Region, United Kingdom." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 32, no. 6 (August 1, 2017): 667–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x17006690.
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AbstractIntroductionThe Public Health England (PHE; United Kingdom) Real-Time Syndromic Surveillance Team (ReSST) currently operates four national syndromic surveillance systems, including an emergency department system. A system based on ambulance data might provide an additional measure of the “severe” end of the clinical disease spectrum. This report describes the findings and lessons learned from the development and preliminary assessment of a pilot syndromic surveillance system using ambulance data from the West Midlands (WM) region in England.Hypothesis/ProblemIs an Ambulance Data Syndromic Surveillance System (ADSSS) feasible and of utility in enhancing the existing suite of PHE syndromic surveillance systems?MethodsAn ADSSS was designed, implemented, and a pilot conducted from September 1, 2015 through March 1, 2016. Surveillance cases were defined as calls to the West Midlands Ambulance Service (WMAS) regarding patients who were assigned any of 11 specified chief presenting complaints (CPCs) during the pilot period. The WMAS collected anonymized data on cases and transferred the dataset daily to ReSST, which contained anonymized information on patients’ demographics, partial postcode of patients’ location, and CPC. The 11 CPCs covered a broad range of syndromes. The dataset was analyzed descriptively each week to determine trends and key epidemiological characteristics of patients, and an automated statistical algorithm was employed daily to detect higher than expected number of calls. A preliminary assessment was undertaken to assess the feasibility, utility (including quality of key indicators), and timeliness of the system for syndromic surveillance purposes. Lessons learned and challenges were identified and recorded during the design and implementation of the system.ResultsThe pilot ADSSS collected 207,331 records of individual ambulance calls (daily mean=1,133; range=923-1,350). The ADSSS was found to be timely in detecting seasonal changes in patterns of respiratory infections and increases in case numbers during seasonal events.ConclusionsFurther validation is necessary; however, the findings from the assessment of the pilot ADSSS suggest that selected, but not all, ambulance indicators appear to have some utility for syndromic surveillance purposes in England. There are certain challenges that need to be addressed when designing and implementing similar systems.TodkillD, LoveridgeP, ElliotAJ, MorbeyRA, EdeghereO, Rayment-BishopT, Rayment-BishopC, ThornesJE, SmithG. Utility of ambulance data for real-time syndromic surveillance: a pilot in the West Midlands region, United Kingdom. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(6):667–672.
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HARCOURT, S. E., J. FLETCHER, P. LOVERIDGE, A. BAINS, R. MORBEY, A. YEATES, B. McCLOSKEY, et al. "Developing a new syndromic surveillance system for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games." Epidemiology and Infection 140, no. 12 (August 15, 2012): 2152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268812001781.
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SUMMARYSyndromic surveillance is vital for monitoring public health during mass gatherings. The London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games represents a major challenge to health protection services and community surveillance. In response to this challenge the Health Protection Agency has developed a new syndromic surveillance system that monitors daily general practitioner out-of-hours and unscheduled care attendances. This new national system will fill a gap identified in the existing general practice-based syndromic surveillance systems by providing surveillance capability of general practice activity during evenings/nights, over weekends and public holidays. The system will complement and supplement the existing tele-health phone line, general practitioner and emergency department syndromic surveillance systems. This new national system will contribute to improving public health reassurance, especially to meet the challenges of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games.
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Garrett-Cherry, Tiana A., Andrew K. Hennenfent, Sasha McGee, and John Davies-Cole. "Enhanced One Health Surveillance during the 58th Presidential Inauguration—District of Columbia, January 2017." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 14, no. 2 (July 23, 2019): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2019.38.
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ABSTRACTObjective:In January 2017, Washington, DC, hosted the 58th United States presidential inauguration. The DC Department of Health leveraged multiple health surveillance approaches, including syndromic surveillance (human and animal) and medical aid station–based patient tracking, to detect disease and injury associated with this mass gathering.Methods:Patient data were collected from a regional syndromic surveillance system, medical aid stations, and an internet-based emergency department reporting system. Animal health data were collected from DC veterinary facilities.Results:Of 174 703 chief complaints from human syndromic data, there were 6 inauguration-related alerts. Inauguration attendees who visited aid stations (n = 162) and emergency departments (n = 180) most commonly reported feeling faint/dizzy (n = 29; 17.9%) and pain/cramps (n = 34;18.9%). In animals, of 533 clinical signs reported, most were gastrointestinal (n = 237; 44.5%) and occurred in canines (n = 374; 70.2%). Ten animals that presented dead on arrival were investigated; no significant threats were identified.Conclusion:Use of multiple surveillance systems allowed for near-real-time detection and monitoring of disease and injury syndromes in humans and domestic animals potentially associated with inaugural events and in local health care systems.
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Miller, Stephanie, Kim Fallon, and Ludmila Anderson. "New Hampshire emergency department syndromic surveillance system." Journal of Urban Health 80, S1 (March 2003): i118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02416900.
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Moore, Kieran M., Bronwen L. Edgar, and Donald McGuinness. "Implementation of an automated, real-time public health surveillance system linking emergency departments and health units: rationale and methodology." CJEM 10, no. 02 (March 2008): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1481803500009817.
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ABSTRACTIn September 2004, Kingston, Frontenac, Lennox and Addington (KFL&A) Public Health, in collaboration with the Public Health Division of the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, Queen's University, the Public Health Agency of Canada, Kingston General Hospital and Hotel Dieu Hospital, began a 2-year pilot project to implement and evaluate an emergency department (ED) chief complaint syndromic surveillance system. Our objective was to evaluate a comprehensive and readily deployable real-time regional syndromic surveillance program and to determine its ability to detect gastrointestinal or respiratory outbreaks well in advance of traditional reporting systems. In order to implement the system, modifications were made to the University of Pittsburgh's Real-time Outbreak and Disease Surveillance (RODS) system, which has been successfully integrated into public health systems, and has enhanced communication and collaboration between them and EDs. This paper provides an overview of a RODS-based syndromic surveillance system as adapted for use at a public health unit in Kingston, Ontario. We summarize the technical specifications, privacy and security considerations, data capture, classification and management of the data streams, alerting and public health response. We hope that the modifications described here, including the addition of unique data streams, will provide a benchmark for future Canadian syndromic surveillance systems.
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Kajita, Emily, Monica Z. Luarca, Han Wu, Bessie Hwang, and Laurene Mascola. "Harnessing Syndromic Surveillance Emergency Department Data to Monitor Health Impacts During the 2015 Special Olympics World Games." Public Health Reports 132, no. 1_suppl (July 2017): 99S—105S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354917706956.
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Introduction: Mass gatherings that attract a large international presence may cause or amplify point-source outbreaks of emerging infectious disease. The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health customized its syndromic surveillance system to detect increased syndrome-specific utilization of emergency departments (EDs) and other medical encounters coincident to the 2015 Special Olympics World Games. Materials and Methods: We queried live databases containing data on ED visits, California Poison Control System calls, and Los Angeles County coroner-investigated deaths for increases in daily counts from July 19 to August 6, 2015. We chose syndrome categories based on the potential for disease outbreaks common to international travel and dormitory settings, morbidity amplified by high temperatures, and bioterrorism threats inherent to mass gatherings. We performed line-list reviews and trend analyses of total, syndrome-specific, and region-specific daily counts, using cumulative sum-based signals. We also piloted a novel strategy of requesting that ED registrars proactively tag Special Olympics attendees in chief complaint data fields. Results: The syndromic surveillance system showed that the 2015 Special Olympics did not generate large-scale acute morbidities leading to detectable stress on local EDs. We recruited 10 hospitals for proactive patient tagging, from which 16 Special Olympics attendees were detected; these patients reported various symptoms, such as injury, vomiting, and syncope. Practice Implications: As an enhancement to traditional syndromic surveillance, proactive patient tagging can illuminate potential epidemiologic links among patients in challenging syndromic surveillance applications, such as mass gatherings. Syndromic surveillance has the potential to enhance ED patient polling and reporting of exposure, symptom, and other epidemiologic case definition criteria to public health agencies in near-real time.
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Lall, Ramona, Jasmine Abdelnabi, Stephanie Ngai, Hilary B. Parton, Kelly Saunders, Jessica Sell, Amanda Wahnich, Don Weiss, and Robert W. Mathes. "Advancing the Use of Emergency Department Syndromic Surveillance Data, New York City, 2012-2016." Public Health Reports 132, no. 1_suppl (July 2017): 23S—30S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354917711183.
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Introduction: The use of syndromic surveillance has expanded from its initial purpose of bioterrorism detection. We present 6 use cases from New York City that demonstrate the value of syndromic surveillance for public health response and decision making across a broad range of health outcomes: synthetic cannabinoid drug use, heat-related illness, suspected meningococcal disease, medical needs after severe weather, asthma exacerbation after a building collapse, and Ebola-like illness in travelers returning from West Africa. Materials and Methods: The New York City syndromic surveillance system receives data on patient visits from all emergency departments (EDs) in the city. The data are used to assign syndrome categories based on the chief complaint and discharge diagnosis, and analytic methods are used to monitor geographic and temporal trends and detect clusters. Results: For all 6 use cases, syndromic surveillance using ED data provided actionable information. Syndromic surveillance helped detect a rise in synthetic cannabinoid-related ED visits, prompting a public health investigation and action. Surveillance of heat-related illness indicated increasing health effects of severe weather and led to more urgent public health messaging. Surveillance of meningitis-related ED visits helped identify unreported cases of culture-negative meningococcal disease. Syndromic surveillance also proved useful for assessing a surge of methadone-related ED visits after Superstorm Sandy, provided reassurance of no localized increases in asthma after a building collapse, and augmented traditional disease reporting during the West African Ebola outbreak. Practice Implications: Sharing syndromic surveillance use cases can foster new ideas and build capacity for public health preparedness and response.
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ELLIOT, A. J., E. O. KARA, P. LOVERIDGE, Z. BAWA, R. A. MORBEY, M. MOTH, S. LARGE, and G. E. SMITH. "Internet-based remote health self-checker symptom data as an adjuvant to a national syndromic surveillance system." Epidemiology and Infection 143, no. 16 (April 10, 2015): 3416–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268815000503.
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SUMMARYSyndromic surveillance is an innovative surveillance tool used to support national surveillance programmes. Recent advances in the use of internet-based health data have demonstrated the potential usefulness of these health data; however, there have been limited studies comparing these innovative health data to existing established syndromic surveillance systems. We conducted a retrospective observational study to assess the usefulness of a national internet-based ‘symptom checker’ service for use as a syndromic surveillance system. NHS Direct online data were extracted for 1 August 2012 to 1 July 2013; a time-series analysis on the symptom categories self-reported by online users was undertaken and compared to existing telehealth syndromic data. There were 3·37 million online users of the internet-based self-checker compared to 1·43 million callers to the telephone triage health service. There was a good correlation between the online and telephone triage data for a number of syndromic indicators including cold/flu, difficulty breathing and eye problems; however, online data appeared to provide additional early warning over telephone triage health data. This assessment has illustrated some potential benefit of using internet-based symptom-checker data and provides the basis for further investigating how these data can be incorporated into national syndromic surveillance programmes.
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Kam, H. J., S. Choi, J. P. Cho, Y. G. Min, and R. W. Park. "Acute Diarrheal Syndromic Surveillance." Applied Clinical Informatics 01, no. 02 (2010): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/aci-2009-12-ra-0024.
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Summary Objective: In an effort to identify and characterize the environmental factors that affect the number of patients with acute diarrheal (AD) syndrome, we developed and tested two regional surveillance models including holiday and weather information in addition to visitor records, at emergency medical facilities in the Seoul metropolitan area of Korea. Methods: With 1,328,686 emergency department visitor records from the National Emergency Department Information system (NEDIS) and the holiday and weather information, two seasonal ARIMA models were constructed: (1) The simple model (only with total patient number), (2) the environmental factor-added model. The stationary R-squared was utilized as an in-sample model goodness-of-fit statistic for the constructed models, and the cumulative mean of the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) was used to measure post-sample forecast accuracy over the next 1 month. Results: The (1,0,1)(0,1,1)7 ARIMA model resulted in an adequate model fit for the daily number of AD patient visits over 12 months for both cases. Among various features, the total number of patient visits was selected as a commonly influential independent variable. Additionally, for the environmental factor-added model, holidays and daily precipitation were selected as features that statistically significantly affected model fitting. Stationary R-squared values were changed in a range of 0.651-0.828 (simple), and 0.805-0.844 (environmental factor-added) with p<0.05. In terms of prediction, the MAPE values changed within 0.090-0.120 and 0.089-0.114, respectively. Conclusion: The environmental factor-added model yielded better MAPE values. Holiday and weather information appear to be crucial for the construction of an accurate syndromic surveillance model for AD, in addition to the visitor and assessment records. Citation: Kam HJ, Choi S, Cho JP, Min YG, Park RW. Acute diarrheal syndromic surveillance – effects of weather and holidays. Appl Clin Inf 2010; 1: 79–95 http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2009-12-RA-0024
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Jia, Peng, and Shujuan Yang. "China needs a national intelligent syndromic surveillance system." Nature Medicine 26, no. 7 (May 20, 2020): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0921-5.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Syndromic surveillance system"
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Dunfee, David A. Hegler Benjamin L. "Biological terrorism preparedness evaluating the performance of the Early Aberration Reporting System (EARS) syndromic surveillance algorithms /." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Jun%5FDunfee.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Applied Science (Operations Research))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2007.Thesis Advisor(s): Ronald D. Fricker. "June 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on August 14, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-46). Also available in print.
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Hegler, Benjamin L. "Biological terrorism preparedness evaluating the performance of the Early Aberration Reporting System (EARS) syndromic surveillance algorithms." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/3373.
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After the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, questions developed over how quickly the country could respond if a bioterrorism attack was to occur. "Syndromic surveillance" systems are a relatively new concept that is being implemented and used by public health practitioners to attempt to detect a bioterrorism attack earlier than would be possible using conventional biosurveillance methods. The idea behind using syndromic surveillance is to detect a bioterrorist attack by monitoring potential leading indicators of an outbreak such as absenteeism from work or school, over-the-counter drug sales, or emergency room counts. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention's Early Aberration Reporting System (EARS) is one syndromic surveillance system that is currently in operation around the United States. This thesis compares the performance of three syndromic surveillance detection algorithms, entitled C1, C2, and C3, that are implemented in EARS, versus the CUSUM applied to model-based prediction errors. The CUSUM performed significantly better than the EARS' methods across all of the scenarios evaluated. These scenarios consisted of various combinations of large and small background disease incidence rates, seasonal cycles from large to small (as well as no cycle), daily effects, and various levels of random daily variation. This results in the recommendation to replace the C1, C2, and C3 methods in existing syndromic surveillance systems with an appropriately implemented CUSUM method.
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Shephard, Richard William. "The development of a syndromic surveillance system for the extensive beef cattle producing regions of Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2210.
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All surveillance systems are based on an effective general surveillance system because this is the system that detects emerging diseases and the re-introduction of disease to a previously disease free area. General surveillance requires comprehensive coverage of the population through an extensive network of relationships between animal producers and observers and surveillance system officers. This system is under increasing threat in Australia (and many other countries) due to the increased biomass, animal movements, rate of disease emergence, and the decline in resource allocation for surveillance activities. The Australian surveillance system is state-based and has a complex management structure that includes State and Commonwealth government representatives, industry stakeholders (such as producer bodies) and private organisations. A developing problem is the decline in the effectiveness of the general surveillance system in the extensive (remote) cattle producing regions of northern Australia. The complex organisational structure of surveillance in Australia contributes to this, and is complicated by the incomplete capture of data (as demonstrated by slow uptake of electronic individual animal identification systems), poorly developed and integrated national animal health information systems, and declining funding streams for field and laboratory personnel and infrastructure. Of major concern is the reduction in contact between animal observers and surveillance personnel arising from the decline in resource allocation for surveillance. Fewer veterinarians are working in remote areas, fewer producers use veterinarians, and, as a result, fewer sick animals are being investigated by the general surveillance system. A syndrome is a collection of signs that occur in a sick individual. Syndromic surveillance is an emerging approach to monitoring populations for change in disease levels and is based on statistical monitoring of the distribution of signs, syndromes and associations between health variables in a population. Often, diseases will have syndromes that are characteristic and the monitoring of these syndromes may provide for early detection of outbreaks. Because the process uses general signs, this method may support the existing (struggling) general surveillance system for the extensive cattle producing regions of northern Australia. Syndromic surveillance systems offer many potential advantages. First, the signs that are monitored can be general and include any health-related variable. This generality provides potential as a detector of emerging diseases. Second, many of the data types used occur early in a disease process and therefore efficient syndromic surveillance systems can detect disease events in a timely manner. There are many hurdles to the successful deployment of a syndromic surveillance system and most relate to data. An effective system will ideally obtain data from multiple sources, all data will conform to a standard (therefore each data source can be validly combined), data coverage will be extensive (across the population) and data capture will be in real time (allowing early detection). This picture is one of a functional electronic data world and unfortunately this is not the norm for either human or animal heath. Less than optimal data, lack of data standards, incomplete coverage of the population and delayed data transmission result in a loss of sensitivity, specificity and timeliness of detection. In human syndromic surveillance, most focus has been placed on earlier detection of mass bioterrorism events and this has concentrated research on the problems of electronic data. Given the current state of animal health data, the development of efficient detection algorithms represents the least of the hurdles. However, the world is moving towards increased automation and therefore the problems with current data can be expected to be resolved in the next decade. Despite the lack of large scale deployment of these systems, the question is becoming when, not whether these system will contribute. The observations of a stock worker are always the start of the surveillance pathway in animal health. Traditionally this required the worker to contact a veterinarian who would investigate unusual cases with the pathway ending in laboratory samples and specific diagnostic tests. The process is inefficient as only a fraction of cases observed by stock workers end in diagnostic samples. These observations themselves are most likely to be amenable to capture and monitoring using syndromic surveillance techniques. A pilot study of stock workers in the extensive cattle producing Lower Gulf region of Queensland demonstrated that experienced non-veterinary observers of cattle can describe the signs that they see in sick cattle in an effective manner. Lay observers do not posses a veterinary vocabulary, but the provision of a system to facilitate effective description of signs resulted in effective and standardised description of disease. However, most producers did not see personal benefit from providing this information and worried that they might be exposing themselves to regulatory impost if they described suspicious signs. Therefore the pilot study encouraged the development of a syndromic surveillance system that provides a vocabulary (a template) for lay observers to describe disease and a reason for them to contribute their data. The most important disease related drivers for producers relate to what impact the disease may have in their herd. For this reason, the Bovine Syndromic Surveillance System (BOSSS) was developed incorporating the Bayesian cattle disease diagnostic program BOVID. This allowed the observer to receive immediate information from interpretation of their observation providing a differential list of diseases, a list of questions that may help further differentiate cause, access to information and other expertise, and opportunity to benchmark disease performance. BOSSS was developed as a web-based reporting system and used a novel graphical user interface that interlinked with an interrogation module to enable lay observers to accurately and fully describe disease. BOSSS used a hierarchical reporting system that linked individual users with other users along natural reporting pathways and this encouraged the seamless and rapid transmission of information between users while respecting confidentiality. The system was made available for testing at the state level in early 2006, and recruitment of producers is proceeding. There is a dearth of performance data from operational syndromic surveillance systems. This is due, in part, to the short period that these systems have been operational and the lack of major human health outbreaks in areas with operational systems. The likely performance of a syndromic surveillance system is difficult to theorise. Outbreaks vary in size and distribution, and quality of outbreak data capture is not constant. The combined effect of a lack of track record and the many permutations of outbreak and data characteristics make computer simulation the most suitable method to evaluate likely performance. A stochastic simulation model of disease spread and disease reporting by lay observers throughout a grid of farms was modelled. The reporting characteristics of lay observers were extrapolated from the pilot study and theoretical disease was modelled (as a representation of newly emergent disease). All diseases were described by their baseline prevalence and by conditional sign probabilities (obtained from BOVID and from a survey of veterinarians in Queensland). The theoretical disease conditional sign probabilities were defined by the user. Their spread through the grid of farms followed Susceptible-Infected-Removed (SIR) principles (in herd) and by mass action between herds. Reporting of disease events and signs in events was modelled as a probabilistic event using sampling from distributions. A non-descript disease characterised by gastrointestinal signs and a visually spectacular disease characterised by neurological signs were modelled, each over three outbreak scenarios (least, moderately and most contagious). Reports were examined using two algorithms. These were the cumulative sum (CuSum) technique of adding excess of cases (above a maximum limit) for individual signs and the generic detector What’s Strange About Recent Events (WSARE) that identifies change to variable counts or variable combination counts between time periods. Both algorithms detected disease for all disease and outbreak characteristics combinations. WSARE was the most efficient algorithm, detecting disease on average earlier than CuSum. Both algorithms had high sensitivity and excellent specificity. The timeliness of detection was satisfactory for the insidious gastrointestinal disease (approximately 24 months after introduction), but not sufficient for the visually spectacular neurological disease (approximately 20 months) as the traditional surveillance system can be expected to detect visually spectacular diseases in reasonable time. Detection efficiency was not influenced greatly by the proportion of producers that report or by the proportion of cases or the number of signs per case that are reported. The modelling process demonstrated that a syndromic surveillance system in this remote region is likely to be a useful addition to the existing system. Improvements that are planned include development of a hand-held computer version and enhanced disease and syndrome mapping capability. The increased use of electronic recording systems, including livestock identification, will facilitate the deployment of BOSSS. Long term sustainability will require that producers receive sufficient reward from BOSSS to continue to provide reports over time. This question can only be answered by field deployment and this work is currently proceeding.
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Shephard, Richard William. "The development of a syndromic surveillance system for the extensive beef cattle producing regions of Australia." University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2210.
Full textAbstract:
Doctor of PhilosophyAll surveillance systems are based on an effective general surveillance system because this is the system that detects emerging diseases and the re-introduction of disease to a previously disease free area. General surveillance requires comprehensive coverage of the population through an extensive network of relationships between animal producers and observers and surveillance system officers. This system is under increasing threat in Australia (and many other countries) due to the increased biomass, animal movements, rate of disease emergence, and the decline in resource allocation for surveillance activities. The Australian surveillance system is state-based and has a complex management structure that includes State and Commonwealth government representatives, industry stakeholders (such as producer bodies) and private organisations. A developing problem is the decline in the effectiveness of the general surveillance system in the extensive (remote) cattle producing regions of northern Australia. The complex organisational structure of surveillance in Australia contributes to this, and is complicated by the incomplete capture of data (as demonstrated by slow uptake of electronic individual animal identification systems), poorly developed and integrated national animal health information systems, and declining funding streams for field and laboratory personnel and infrastructure. Of major concern is the reduction in contact between animal observers and surveillance personnel arising from the decline in resource allocation for surveillance. Fewer veterinarians are working in remote areas, fewer producers use veterinarians, and, as a result, fewer sick animals are being investigated by the general surveillance system. A syndrome is a collection of signs that occur in a sick individual. Syndromic surveillance is an emerging approach to monitoring populations for change in disease levels and is based on statistical monitoring of the distribution of signs, syndromes and associations between health variables in a population. Often, diseases will have syndromes that are characteristic and the monitoring of these syndromes may provide for early detection of outbreaks. Because the process uses general signs, this method may support the existing (struggling) general surveillance system for the extensive cattle producing regions of northern Australia. Syndromic surveillance systems offer many potential advantages. First, the signs that are monitored can be general and include any health-related variable. This generality provides potential as a detector of emerging diseases. Second, many of the data types used occur early in a disease process and therefore efficient syndromic surveillance systems can detect disease events in a timely manner. There are many hurdles to the successful deployment of a syndromic surveillance system and most relate to data. An effective system will ideally obtain data from multiple sources, all data will conform to a standard (therefore each data source can be validly combined), data coverage will be extensive (across the population) and data capture will be in real time (allowing early detection). This picture is one of a functional electronic data world and unfortunately this is not the norm for either human or animal heath. Less than optimal data, lack of data standards, incomplete coverage of the population and delayed data transmission result in a loss of sensitivity, specificity and timeliness of detection. In human syndromic surveillance, most focus has been placed on earlier detection of mass bioterrorism events and this has concentrated research on the problems of electronic data. Given the current state of animal health data, the development of efficient detection algorithms represents the least of the hurdles. However, the world is moving towards increased automation and therefore the problems with current data can be expected to be resolved in the next decade. Despite the lack of large scale deployment of these systems, the question is becoming when, not whether these system will contribute. The observations of a stock worker are always the start of the surveillance pathway in animal health. Traditionally this required the worker to contact a veterinarian who would investigate unusual cases with the pathway ending in laboratory samples and specific diagnostic tests. The process is inefficient as only a fraction of cases observed by stock workers end in diagnostic samples. These observations themselves are most likely to be amenable to capture and monitoring using syndromic surveillance techniques. A pilot study of stock workers in the extensive cattle producing Lower Gulf region of Queensland demonstrated that experienced non-veterinary observers of cattle can describe the signs that they see in sick cattle in an effective manner. Lay observers do not posses a veterinary vocabulary, but the provision of a system to facilitate effective description of signs resulted in effective and standardised description of disease. However, most producers did not see personal benefit from providing this information and worried that they might be exposing themselves to regulatory impost if they described suspicious signs. Therefore the pilot study encouraged the development of a syndromic surveillance system that provides a vocabulary (a template) for lay observers to describe disease and a reason for them to contribute their data. The most important disease related drivers for producers relate to what impact the disease may have in their herd. For this reason, the Bovine Syndromic Surveillance System (BOSSS) was developed incorporating the Bayesian cattle disease diagnostic program BOVID. This allowed the observer to receive immediate information from interpretation of their observation providing a differential list of diseases, a list of questions that may help further differentiate cause, access to information and other expertise, and opportunity to benchmark disease performance. BOSSS was developed as a web-based reporting system and used a novel graphical user interface that interlinked with an interrogation module to enable lay observers to accurately and fully describe disease. BOSSS used a hierarchical reporting system that linked individual users with other users along natural reporting pathways and this encouraged the seamless and rapid transmission of information between users while respecting confidentiality. The system was made available for testing at the state level in early 2006, and recruitment of producers is proceeding. There is a dearth of performance data from operational syndromic surveillance systems. This is due, in part, to the short period that these systems have been operational and the lack of major human health outbreaks in areas with operational systems. The likely performance of a syndromic surveillance system is difficult to theorise. Outbreaks vary in size and distribution, and quality of outbreak data capture is not constant. The combined effect of a lack of track record and the many permutations of outbreak and data characteristics make computer simulation the most suitable method to evaluate likely performance. A stochastic simulation model of disease spread and disease reporting by lay observers throughout a grid of farms was modelled. The reporting characteristics of lay observers were extrapolated from the pilot study and theoretical disease was modelled (as a representation of newly emergent disease). All diseases were described by their baseline prevalence and by conditional sign probabilities (obtained from BOVID and from a survey of veterinarians in Queensland). The theoretical disease conditional sign probabilities were defined by the user. Their spread through the grid of farms followed Susceptible-Infected-Removed (SIR) principles (in herd) and by mass action between herds. Reporting of disease events and signs in events was modelled as a probabilistic event using sampling from distributions. A non-descript disease characterised by gastrointestinal signs and a visually spectacular disease characterised by neurological signs were modelled, each over three outbreak scenarios (least, moderately and most contagious). Reports were examined using two algorithms. These were the cumulative sum (CuSum) technique of adding excess of cases (above a maximum limit) for individual signs and the generic detector What’s Strange About Recent Events (WSARE) that identifies change to variable counts or variable combination counts between time periods. Both algorithms detected disease for all disease and outbreak characteristics combinations. WSARE was the most efficient algorithm, detecting disease on average earlier than CuSum. Both algorithms had high sensitivity and excellent specificity. The timeliness of detection was satisfactory for the insidious gastrointestinal disease (approximately 24 months after introduction), but not sufficient for the visually spectacular neurological disease (approximately 20 months) as the traditional surveillance system can be expected to detect visually spectacular diseases in reasonable time. Detection efficiency was not influenced greatly by the proportion of producers that report or by the proportion of cases or the number of signs per case that are reported. The modelling process demonstrated that a syndromic surveillance system in this remote region is likely to be a useful addition to the existing system. Improvements that are planned include development of a hand-held computer version and enhanced disease and syndrome mapping capability. The increased use of electronic recording systems, including livestock identification, will facilitate the deployment of BOSSS. Long term sustainability will require that producers receive sufficient reward from BOSSS to continue to provide reports over time. This question can only be answered by field deployment and this work is currently proceeding.
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Delespierre, Tiba. "Du dossier résident informatisé à la recherche en santé publique : Application des méthodes de surveillance en temps réel à des données médico-sociales de la personne âgée et exploration de données de cohorte pour la santé publique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV030/document.
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La France connaît un vieillissement de sa population sans précédent. La part des séniors s’accroît et notre société se doit de repenser son organisation pour tenir compte de ce changement et mieux connaître cette population.De nombreuses cohortes de personnes âgées existent déjà à travers le monde dont quatre en France et, bien que la part de cette population vivant dans des structures d’hébergement collectif (EHPAD, cliniques de soins de suite) augmente, la connaissance de ces seniors reste lacunaire.Aujourd’hui les groupes privés de maisons de retraite et d’établissements sanitaires comme Korian ou Orpéa s’équipent de grandes bases de données relationnelles permettant d’avoir de l’information en temps réel sur leurs patients/résidents. Depuis 2010 les dossiers de tous les résidents Korian sont dématérialisés et accessibles par requêtes. Ils comprennent à la fois des données médico-sociales structurées décrivant les résidents et leurs traitements et pathologies, mais aussi des données textuelles explicitant leur prise en charge au quotidien et saisies par le personnel soignant.Au fil du temps et alors que le dossier résident informatisé (DRI) avait surtout été conçu comme une application de gestion de base de données, il est apparu comme une nécessité d’exploiter cette mine d’informations et de construire un outil d’aide à la décision destiné à améliorer l’efficacité des soins. L’Institut du Bien Vieillir IBV devenu entretemps la Fondation Korian pour le Bien Vieillir a alors choisi, dans le cadre d’un partenariat Public/Privé de financer un travail de recherche destiné à mieux comprendre le potentiel informatif de ces données, d’évaluer leur fiabilité et leur capacité à apporter des réponses en santé publique. Ce travail de recherche et plus particulièrement cette thèse a alors été pensée en plusieurs étapes.- D’abord l’analyse de contenu du data warehouse DRI, l’objectif étant de construire une base de données recherche, avec un versant social et un autre de santé. Ce fut le sujet du premier article.- Ensuite, par extraction directe des informations socio-démographiques des résidents dès leur entrée, de leurs hospitalisations et décès puis, par un processus itératif d’extractions d’informations textuelles de la table des transmissions et l’utilisation de la méthode Delphi, nous avons généré vingt-quatre syndromes, ajouté les hospitalisations et les décès et construit une base de données syndromique, la Base du Bien Vieillir (BBV) . Ce système d’informations d’un nouveau type a permis la constitution d’une cohorte de santé publique à partir de la population des résidents de la BBV et l’organisation d’un suivi longitudinal syndromique de celle-ci. La BBV a également été évaluée scientifiquement dans un cadre de surveillance et de recherche en santé publique au travers d’une analyse de l’existant : contenu, périodicité, qualité des données. La cohorte construite a ainsi permis la constitution d’un outil de surveillance. Cet échantillon de population a été suivi en temps réel au moyen des fréquences quotidiennes d’apparitions des 26 syndromes des résidents. La méthodologie d’évaluation était celle des systèmes de surveillance sanitaire proposée par le CDC d’Atlanta et a été utilisée pour les syndromes grippaux et les gastro entérites aiguës. Ce fut l’objet du second article.- Enfin la construction d’un nouvel outil de santé publique : la distribution de chacun des syndromes dans le temps (dates de transmissions) et l’espace (les EHPAD de transmissions) a ouvert le champ de la recherche à de nouvelles méthodes d’exploration des données et permis d’étudier plusieurs problématiques liées à la personne âgée : chutes répétées, cancer, vaccinations et fin de vieFrench population is rapidly aging. Senior citizens ratio is increasing and our society needs to rethink its organization, taking into account this change, better knowing this fast growing population group.Even if numerous cohorts of elderly people already exist worldly with four in France and, even as they live in growing numbers in nursing homes and out-patient treatment clinics, knowledge of this population segment is still missing.Today several health and medico-social structures groups as Korian and Orpéa invest in big relational data bases enabling them to get real-time information about their patients/residents. Since 2010 all Korian residents’ files are dematerialized and accessible by requests. They contain at the same time, structured medico-social data describing the residents as well as their treatments and pathologies, but also free-textual data detailing their daily care by the medical staff.Through time and as the computerized resident file (DRI) was mainly conceived as a data base management application, it appeared essential to mine these data and build a decision-making tool intended to improve the care efficiency. The Ageing Well Institute becoming meanwhile the Korian Ageing Well Foundation chose then, working in a private/public partnership, to finance a research work intented to better understand these datas’ informative potential, to assess their reliability and response to public health threats. This research work and this thesis were then designed in several steps:- First, a content analysis of the data warehouse DRI, the objective being to build a research data base, with a social side and a health side. This was the first paper subject.- Then, by direct extraction of the residents’ socio-demographic information at nursing home (NH) entry, adding hospitalizations and deaths, and finally, by an iterative textual extraction process of the transmissions data and by using the Delphi method, we created twenty-four syndromes, added hospitalizations and deaths and built a syndromic data base, the Ageing Well data base. This information system of a new kind, allowed the constitution of a public health cohort for elderly people from the BBV residents’population and its syndromic longitudinal follow-up. The BBV was also scientifically assessed for surveillance and public health research through present situation analysis: content, periodicity and data quality. This cohort then gave us the opportunity to build a surveillance tool and follow the residents’ population in real-time by watching their 26 daily frequency syndromic distributions. The methodology for that assessment, Atlanta CDCs’ health surveillance systems method, was used for flu and acute gastro enteritis syndroms and was the second paper subject.- Finally, the building of a new public health tool: each syndrom’s distribution through time (transmissions dates) and space (transmissions NH ids) opened the research field to new data exploration methods. I used these to study different health problems afflicting senior citizens: frequent falls, cancer, vaccinations and the end of life
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Cakici, Baki. "Disease surveillance systems." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Programvaru- och datorsystem, SCS, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-33661.
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Recent advances in information and communication technologies have made the development and operation of complex disease surveillance systems technically feasible, and many systems have been proposed to interpret diverse data sources for health-related signals. Implementing these systems for daily use and efficiently interpreting their output, however, remains a technical challenge. This thesis presents a method for understanding disease surveillance systems structurally, examines four existing systems, and discusses the implications of developing such systems. The discussion is followed by two papers. The first paper describes the design of a national outbreak detection system for daily disease surveillance. It is currently in use at the Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control. The source code has been licenced under GNU v3 and is freely available. The second paper discusses methodological issues in computational epidemiology, and presents the lessons learned from a software development project in which a spatially explicit micro-meso-macro model for the entire Swedish population was built based on registry data.QC 20110520
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Otiang, Elkanah S. O. "The occurrence of selected disease syndromes of livestock detected through a passive surveillance system in western Kenya." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46207.
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Animal disease surveillance has been integral in improving early warnings and predicting disease emergence and spread in humans as well as in animal hosts. Syndromic surveillance is an emerging approach to monitoring populations for change in disease levels, based on the distribution of clinical signs that occur in sick individuals. A number of disease syndromes in livestock may be associated with increased likelihood of endemic, emerging, re-emerging and zoonotic diseases. The overall aim of the current study was to implement a passive animal disease surveillance and response system with a capability of detecting emerging zoonotic diseases in domestic and peridomestic animals, in a trial site where active human disease surveillance is ongoing. The project was intended as a demonstration of the system on a short-term basis, with the intention of conducting an evaluation of its performance later. The specific objective was to evaluate and investigate four selected disease syndromes (abortions/stillbirths, sudden death, neurologic signs, red urine) affecting cattle, sheep and goats using a mobile phone-based rapid short message system (SMS) reporting system within the study site, to allow animal owners to report cases of animal disease. SMS reports were logged in a central database and generated a response from a veterinary team to investigate cases. The study was conducted in Asembo division of Rarieda Sub-county of Siaya County, Nyanza Province in western Kenya, from July 2011 through June 2012. A total of 185 events were reported during the study period. Of these, 46 (24.9%) were considered invalid on investigation. The 139 valid events comprised 75 cases of abortions, 43 cases of sudden death, 12 cases of red urine, and 9 cases of nervous signs. Goats were the most frequently affected species at 47% (n=64), cattle at 34% (n=47) and sheep at 19% (n=26). The incidence rate of events by species (per 1,000 population per year) was 7.3 in sheep, 6.5 in goats and 4.1 in cattle. The incidence rate of abortions by species per 1,000 population per year was 5.1 in sheep, 4.0 in goats and 1.5 in cattle. The incidence rate of sudden deaths by species per 1,000 population per year was 2.1 in goats, 2.0 in sheep and 1.3 in cattle. The incidence rate of neurological signs by species per 1,000 population per year was 0.6 in cattle, 0.3 in sheep and 0.2 in goats. The incidence rate of red urine by species per 1,000 population per year was 1.1 in cattle, 0.1 in goats and 0 in sheep. Presumptive diagnoses implicated haemoparasites infections; including theileriosis, babesiosis, anaplasmosis and heartwater and bacterial infections (septicaemia, clostridial infections and anthrax). This project demonstrated that passive animal surveillance using mobile technology is feasible in a resource-constrained setting, although it is likely that cases were underreported.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
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Veterinary Tropical Diseases
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Beck, Caroline. "Análise de sobrevida e perfil epidemiológico de casos de AIDS em Porto Alegre/RS : limitações e potencialidades da vigilância epidemiológica." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/131161.
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O acesso universal aos serviços de saúde e terapia antirretroviral foram importantes no aumento da sobrevida de pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS (PVHA). A incidência de comorbidades crônicas, porém, aumentou proporcionalmente. Considerando a epidemia de AIDS no RS, especialmente em Porto Alegre, é preciso investigar a sobrevida de PVHA no contexto local, especialmente entre coinfectados HIV/Tuberculose. Dados foram obtidos pelo relacionamento dos bancos SIM e SINAN 2007-2012. Foi utilizado o modelo de regressão de COX para obter o hazard ratio, o método de Kaplan-Meier para estimativas de sobrevida O banco compreendeu 1800 casos notificados em 2007. Correspondem a 60% homens, brancos em sua maioria (67%), com mediana de idade igual a 37 anos (AIQ=14), a maioria dos casos possui baixa escolaridade. Cerca de 70% adquiriu a doença via transmissão sexual. Comparados aos casos notificados por critério óbito, os óbitos totais tem maior proporção de indivíduos de raça/cor preta (46,1% e 32,5%, respectivamente) e maior freqüência de indivíduos do sexo masculino (40,0% e 27,8%, respectivamente). A proporção de dados incompletos também é maior para a escolaridade (72,1% e 68,7%, respect.), contagem de CD4+ (76% e 68%, respect.). Na análise bivariada a transmissão sanguínea, raça/cor negra e baixa escolaridade foram fatores associados a maior risco de óbito. Sexo feminino e idade acima de 30 anos foram fatores associados a menor risco de óbito por AIDS Raça/cor negra, transmissão do HIV pro via sanguínea, presença de infecção por TB e baixa escolaridade são fatores associados à mortalidade aumentada no modelo multivariado. A sobrevida média foi de 1.495 dias (IC 95% 1449 – 1550). O percentual de dados incompletos sugerem que o relacionamento dimensiona a subnotificação mas não qualifica o processo de vigilância. O Critério Óbito representa a perda de oportunidades de intervenção em eventos preveníveis e pode servir como indicador negativo da vigilância.Universal Access to health services and antiretroviral therapy were crucial in improving the survival or people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). The incidence of cronic comorbidities, however, have proportionally rised. Considering the AIDS epidemics in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, specifically in the city of Porto Alegre, it is important to determine the survival of PLHA in a local context, specially between individuals coinfected with TB. Data were obtained by the linkage of SIM and SINAN databases from 2007-2012. A COX regression model was used for the hazard ratios, and the Kaplan-Meier method in order to determine survival estimates. The resulting database had 1800 cases notified in 2007. Sixty percent were male, mostly of white race (67%), median age of 37 years old (IQR=14), mosto f them had low schooling. Around 70% acquired the vírus through sexual transmission. Compared to the total of cases, those notified by the death criteria have proportionally more individuals of the black race (46,1% and 32,5%, respectively) and more males (40% and 27,8%, respectively). The proportion of incomplete data is also higher for scholarity (72,1% and 68,7% respectively) and CD4+ T lymphocite cell count (76% e 68%, respectively). Blood transmission, black race and low scholarity were associated with a higher risk of death in the bivariate analysis. Female gender and age over 30 years were factors associated with a low risk of AIDS-related death. In the multivariate model black race, blood transmission of the vírus e low scholarity were factors associated with higher mortality. Mean survival was of 1495 days (95% CI 1449 – 1550). The proportion of incomplete data suggests that the linkage scales the underreporting but doesn’t qualify the surveillance process. Death criterion represents missed opportunities of interventions in preventable events, and might serve as negative indicator of the surveillance.
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GonÃalves, ValÃria Freire. "Estimativa de SubnotificaÃÃo de casos de AIDS em Fortaleza,CearÃâ 2002 e 2003: uma aplicaÃÃo da TÃcnica de captura-recaptura." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2006. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=396.
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FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃCoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
A subnotificaÃÃo de casos de Aids representa um dos principais problemas enfrentados pela vigilÃncia epidemiolÃgica da Aids. Dessa forma este trabalho teve como objetivo, conhecer a subnotificaÃÃo dos casos de Aids em adultos no municÃpio de Fortaleza, nos anos de 2002 e 2003, aplicando o mÃtodo de captura e recaptura. Estimou-se ainda, a subnotificaÃÃo em dois hospitais de referÃncia para Aids, Hospital SÃo Josà â HSJ e Hospital Geral de Fortaleza â HGF. Nesse estudo foram utilizados dados secundÃrios do Sistema de InformaÃÃo de Agravo de NotificaÃÃo â Sinan, Sistema de Controle de Exames Laboratoriais - Siscel e Sistema de InformaÃÃes sobre Mortalidade - SIM, comparando os trÃs sistemas e considerando como notificados os casos confirmados no Sinan. Os casos foram emparelhados no Programa RecLink II. ApÃs o emparelhamento dos casos foram selecionados os elegÃveis para aplicaÃÃo do mÃtodo de captura e recaptura, utilizando os estimadores de Lincoln-Petersen e o de Chapman. A subnotificaÃÃo estimada para Fortaleza foi de 33,1%, e 14,1%, tendo como referÃncia o Sinan e comparando com as fontes Siscel e SIM, respectivamente. Para os hospitais S. Josà e HGF a subnotificaÃÃo foi de 5,4% e 90,5%, na mesma ordem, comparando o Sinan com o Siscel. Este trabalho demonstrou uma elevada subnotificaÃÃo de casos de Aids no municÃpio de Fortaleza nos anos de 2002 e 2003 e que a subnotificaÃÃo quando avaliada por fonte, comparando o Siscel com o Sinan, ela à mais de duas vezes superior à estimada quando comparada à das fontes SIM/Sinan, demonstrando ser o Siscel uma importante fonte de notificaÃÃo de casos de Aids. Quanto à subnotificaÃÃo nas duas unidades de SaÃde, observa-se um percentual bem mais elevado para o HGF. O Programa RecLink II mostrou ser uma opÃÃo simples para o reconhecimento dos casos nÃo notificados no Sinan e em relaÃÃo a tÃcnica de captura e recaptura, pode ser utilizada de forma simples e rÃpida e com baixo custo, comparando os sistemas dois a dois em pesquisas pontuais. Diante dos achados nesse estudo, recomenda-se que o Sinan-Aids seja comparado em periodicidade mensal, com todas as fontes de informaÃÃes disponÃveis que possam contribuir para reduÃÃo da subnotificaÃÃo de Aids
Underreporting is one of the major problems challenging epidemiologic AIDS surveillance. The objective of this study was to estimate the level of underreporting of AIDS in adults in Fortaleza in the period 2002-2003 using the capture-recapture method. In addition, the level of underreporting at two hospitals for AIDS referral (Hospital SÃo Josà â HSJ, and Hospital Geral de Fortaleza â HGF was estimated. The study relied on three secondary databases: SINAN (national disease surveillance), SISCEL (laboratory test control) and SIM (mortality information). The systems were compared and cases confirmed by SINAN were considered as reported. Cases from the two databases were paired using the software RecLink II. Subsequently cases eligible for the capture-recapture method were selected using the Lincoln-Petersen and Chapmam estimators. The levels of underreporting were estimated at 33.1% and 14.1% for SISCEL and SIM, respectively. Underreporting for SISCEL was 5.4% at HSJ and 90.5% at HGF. The study shows a considerable level of underreporting of AIDS cases in Fortaleza for the period 2002-2003 and suggests that SISCEL is an important source of AIDS reporting considering that it allowed to detect levels of underreporting more than twice the estimates derived from the sources SIM and SINAN. The level of underreporting was considerably higher at HF than at HSJ. The software RecLink II was shown to be a practical tool for identifying cases not reported to SINAN. The capture-recapture method is a simple, time-saving and inexpensive way to compare two systems when necessary. Considering the findings of the present study, SINAN-AIDS should be compared monthly with all relevant information systems in order to reduce levels of AIDS underreporting
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Kashiwagi, Néa Miwa. ""Análise clínico-epidemiológica das gestantes inadvertidamente vacinadas contra a rubéola"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5137/tde-16102006-150543/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: Em 1999 e 2000, a ocorrência de surtos de rubéola, com maior acometimento entre adultos jovens, refletiu no aumento da síndrome da rubéola congênita. Como estratégia de controle da doença, foram realizadas campanhas de vacinação contra a rubéola em mulheres em idade fértil em vários Estados do País. Em razão das controvérsias existentes na literatura geradas quanto ao emprego da vacina de vírus vivos atenuados em gestantes, não se recomendou sua utilização durante a gravidez e até um mês após a aplicação da vacina. No entanto, 6.473 mulheres foram inadvertidamente vacinadas no Estado de São Paulo, sendo encaminhadas a serviços de referência para acompanhamento dessas gestações, dentre eles, o HCFMUSP. OBJETIVO: Este estudo buscou descrever as características clínicas e epidemiológicas das gestantes atendidas no HCFMUSP e obter os resultados dessas gestações. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico descritivo, utilizando-se como fonte de dados as notificações das gestantes inadvertidamente vacinadas contra a rubéola e atendidas no HCFMUSP entre novembro de 2001 a dezembro de 2002. Para obter o desfecho das gestações, utilizou-se a base de dados dos nascidos vivos do Município de São Paulo (SINASC). RESULTADOS: No HCMFUSP, foram atendidas e notificadas 409 gestantes. Destas, 49,1% foram vacinadas no primeiro mês de gravidez e 26,2% engravidaram até um mês após a vacinação. Em relação a condição sorológica durante o pré-natal, 16,9% das gestantes apresentaram sorologia reagente para rubéola. Do relacionamento com a base de dados do SINASC, foram localizados os dados do parto de 63,3% das gestantes, sendo detectadas duas malformações congênitas no SINASC e um abortamento, porém, não se pode atribuir estes resultados à vacina, pois, as sorologias das mães não permitem determinar se estas mulheres eram realmente suscetíveis. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: O estudo apresentou o fluxo de informação estabelecido frente a um evento inusitado. Além disso, o uso de bases de dados secundárias contribuiu para o aprimoramento dos dados coletados, resultando na melhora da qualidade das informações. Os Núcleos de Epidemiologia Hospitalar são fundamentais na articulação entre a equipe assistencial e o Sistema de Vigilância e colaboram para discussão na padronização de Sistemas de Informação para permitir melhor integração entre as informações geradas pelos Serviços de Saúde.INTRODUCTION: In the years 1999 and 2000, rubella outbreaks reaching mostly young adults resulted in an increased number of cases of Congenital Rubella Syndrome in Brazil. State Vaccination Campaigns aiming at women at childbearing age were promoted around the country to control the disease, recommending that vaccination of pregnant women should be avoided and pregnancy should be postponed for at least a month after vaccination. Despite the recommendations, 6.473 pregnant women were accidentally vaccinated in the State of São Paulo and therefore sent to reference obstetrical services for prenatal care. A study was conducted to describe the cases assisted at the University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, General Hospital and notified to Public Health and also to obtain information on the pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: This descriptive epidemiological study used notification by the Hospital Epidemiology Service as source of information on pregnant women accidentally vaccinated against rubella that received care from November 2001 to December 2002 at the School of Medicine, General Hospital. The City of São Paulo Newborn Database was searched for pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS: Among the 409 notified cases, 49,1% were women accidentally vaccinated during fist trimester of pregnancy and 26,2% women that became pregnant within less than a month after vaccination. Positive serological tests were found in 16,9% of women during prenatal care. Newborn data base search yielded pregnancy outcome for 63,3%. The findings of 2 cases of Congenital Rubella Syndrome and 1miscarriage cannot be surely attributed to vaccination because immediate previous immunization status was unknown. CONCLUSIONS: The study described the information flow established for an unexpected adverse event and the use of secondary data to improve quality of information. Hospital Epidemiology Services have a fundamental role in connecting health assisting professionals to Public Surveillance Systems and in setting standards for information generated by Health Assistance.
Books on the topic "Syndromic surveillance system"
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Inc, ebrary, ed. Monitoring HIV care in the United States: Indicators and data systems. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2012.
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Vivancos, Roberto, Giovanni Leonardi, and Alex J. Elliott. Health protection surveillance. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198745471.003.0021.
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This chapter provides a broad definition of surveillance in relation to health protection, including infections, environmental hazards, and health delivery. Surveillance systems include active, passive, and sentinel surveillance, and guidelines are provided for assessing the quality of surveillance data. Surveillance tools include the statutory notification of diseases, laboratory reporting, and prevalence surveys. In addition, syndromic surveillance, the (near) real-time collection of data has become increasingly used, facilitated by increasing use of digital data collection within health care settings and the availability of other digital data sources (e.g. social media). Other surveillance types include event-based surveillance (e.g. during major sporting events), and environmental surveillance, including food related disease, air pollution and chemical hazards. The chapter finally brings these together in integrated surveillance and the use of such surveillance in health planning and assessment.
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Committee on Review Data Systems for Monitoring HIV Care, Institute of Medicine, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Morgan A. Ford, and Carol Mason Spicer. Monitoring HIV Care in the United States: Indicators and Data Systems. National Academies Press, 2012.
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Keh, Didier. Steroids in critical illness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0054.
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The benefit of prolonged application of moderate-dose corticosteroids in systemic inflammatory diseases remains controversial. In critical illness, the endogenous cortisol effect may become insufficient due to adrenal dysfunction and corticosteroid resistance to counterbalance an exaggerated and protracted inflammatory response, which has been termed ‘critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency’ (CIRCI). There is evidence that moderate-dose hydrocortisone (200–300 mg/day) significantly fastens shock reversal in patients with septic shock, but may improve survival probably only in patients with high risk of death. Thus, therapy should be considered only in refractory shock with poor response to fluid administration and vasopressor therapy. The indication should be based on clinical judgement and not on cortisol measurement. The application prolonged of moderate-dose methylprednisolone (1 mg/kg/day) was found to be most effective in early acute respiratory distress syndrome, and associated with improved lung function, reduction of mechanical ventilation, and faster discharge from the ICU, but a survival benefit was found only in pooled data, including cohort studies. A continuous infusion and weaning of corticosteroids may be preferable to bolus applications and abrupt withdrawal to avoid side effects such as rebound of inflammation and shock, glucose variability, or respiratory failure. There is currently no evidence that prolonged application of moderate-dose corticosteroids increase the risk of secondary infections or muscle weakness, but infection surveillance should be implemented and combination with muscle relaxants be avoided.
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Monitoring HIV Care in the United States: A Strategy for Generating National Estimates of HIV Care and Coverage. National Academies Press, 2012.
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Committee to Review Data Systems for Monitoring HIV Care, Institute of Medicine, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Morgan A. Ford, and Carol Mason Spicer. Monitoring HIV Care in the United States: A Strategy for Generating National Estimates of HIV Care and Coverage. National Academies Press, 2012.
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Committee to Review Data Systems for Monitoring HIV Care, Institute of Medicine, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Morgan A. Ford, and Carol Mason Spicer. Monitoring HIV Care in the United States: A Strategy for Generating National Estimates of HIV Care and Coverage. National Academies Press, 2013.
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Committee to Review Data Systems for Monitoring HIV Care, Institute of Medicine, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Morgan A. Ford, and Carol Mason Spicer. Monitoring HIV Care in the United States: A Strategy for Generating National Estimates of HIV Care and Coverage. National Academies Press, 2012.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Syndromic surveillance system"
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Estuar, Maria Regina Justina E., Kennedy E. Espina, Christian E. Pulmano, Charles Ventura, and Roy Miguel G. Romarate. "Health Emergency and Public Involvement in the Philippines: Syndromic Surveillance Efforts and System Integration." In Disaster Risk Reduction, 281–98. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0924-7_18.
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Chen, Hsinchun, Daniel Zeng, and Ping Yan. "Public Health Syndromic Surveillance Systems." In Integrated Series in Information Systems, 9–31. New York, NY: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1278-7_2.
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Groseclose, Samuel L., David L. Buckeridge, and James W. Buehler. "Evaluation of syndromic surveillance systems that use healthcare data." In Infectious Disease Surveillance, 565–79. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118543504.ch46.
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Chen, Hsinchun, Daniel Zeng, and Ping Yan. "New York City Syndromic Surveillance Systems." In Integrated Series in Information Systems, 157–65. New York, NY: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1278-7_11.
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Chen, Hsinchun, Daniel Zeng, and Ping Yan. "Syndromic Surveillance Data Sources and Collection Strategies." In Integrated Series in Information Systems, 33–48. New York, NY: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1278-7_3.
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Yan, Ping, Daniel Zeng, and Hsinchun Chen. "A Review of Public Health Syndromic Surveillance Systems." In Intelligence and Security Informatics, 249–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11760146_22.
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Yan, Hong, Zhongqiang Zhang, and Jian Zou. "Dynamic Space-Time Model for Syndromic Surveillance with Particle Filters and Dirichlet Process." In Handbook of Dynamic Data Driven Applications Systems, 139–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95504-9_7.
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Yan, Hong, Zhongqiang Zhang, and Jian Zou. "Dynamic Space-Time Model for Syndromic Surveillance with Particle Filters and Dirichlet Process." In Handbook of Dynamic Data Driven Applications Systems, 147–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74568-4_7.
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Lee, Taesik, and Hayong Shin. "Epidemic State Estimation with Syndromic Surveillance and ILI Data Using Particle Filter." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Health Care Systems Engineering, 227–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01848-5_18.
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Job, Débora Helena, Antônio Tadeu Azevedo Gomes, and Artur Ziviani. "Health Systems for Syndromic and Epidemiological Surveillance." In Advances in Healthcare Information Systems and Administration, 246–63. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0888-7.ch010.
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Health surveillance practices date back to decades ago. Traditionally, such practices to gather health data have been manual; more recently, however, computerized health information systems have been applied to enhance and facilitate health information acquisition for surveillance. The so-called health surveillance systems put in practice the systematic acquisition of health data, which is stored and processed for expert analysis. This chapter makes a survey of health surveillance systems dedicated to syndromic and epidemiological surveillance, identifying the different design and technological strategies adopted in the development of such systems. The aims of such a survey are: (1) to provide practitioners with some information about the collective expertise of health information system architects in the design and implementation of syndromic and epidemiological surveillance systems; and (2) to pave the way for the establishment of software product lines dedicated to such systems.
Conference papers on the topic "Syndromic surveillance system"
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Zhang, Jingyu, David Levy, and Shiping Chen. "A Mobile Learning System for Syndromic Surveillance and Diagnosis." In 2010 IEEE 10th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icalt.2010.20.
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Waller, Anna, Scott Proescholdbell, and Amy Ising. "205 Innovative use of syndromic surveillance system for injury prevention and practice." In 14th World Conference on Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion (Safety 2022) abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2022-safety2022.95.
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Lu, Hsin-Min, Daniel Zeng, and Hsinchun Chen. "Ontology-Based Automatic Chief Complaints Classification for Syndromic Surveillance." In 2006 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2006.384553.
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Pereira, Maria Luiza Scardua, Sarah Santos Gonçalves, Creuza Rachel Vicente, Carolina Salume Xavier, Bárbara Ellen Santos Carvalhais, and Kenia Valeria Santos. "Can the therapeutic protocol recommended for gonococcal infection be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic?" In XIII Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de DST - IX Congresso Brasileiro de AIDS - IV Congresso Latino Americano de IST/HIV/AIDS. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/dst-2177-8264-202133p173.
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Introduction: The World Health Organization has warned of antibiotics misuse in the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, the clinical management protocol for patients with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection includes the use of empirical antibiotic therapy only for the treatment of bacterial pneumonia in patients admitted with severe acute respiratory syndrome. This protocol includes ceftriaxone, azithromycin, piperacillin/tazobactam, vancomycin, and meropenem. In Brazil, ceftriaxone 500 mg plus azithromycin 1 g is the recommended treatment regimen for mild and moderate anogenital gonococcal infection. The high consumption of these drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 may impact antimicrobial resistance, interfering with the treatment protocol for gonorrhea and other sexually transmitted infections. Objective: This study aims to describe the ceftriaxone and azithromycin dispensing before the COVID-19 pandemic and throughout 2020. Methods: Data of azithromycin and ceftriaxone dispensing in 2018, 2019, and 2020 were collected by MV2000i system at the central pharmacy of a reference hospital for the treatment of COVID-19, in Grande Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Data from cases of COVID-19 were obtained on the website of the Government of the State of Espírito Santo. Results: We observed an increase in azithromycin and ceftriaxone dispensing at the beginning of the pandemic compared to previous years. Azithromycin returns to previous levels from August 2020, but ceftriaxone remains with increased discharge until December. The annual accumulated azithromycin in 2018, 2019, and 2020 was 447, 590, and 1,866 units of 500 mg ampoule vial (p=0.007), respectively. For ceftriaxone, the annual cumulative was 8,299, 9,098, and 18,209 units of 1 g ampoule vial (p<0.0001) in the respective years. Conclusion: There was an increase in ceftriaxone and azithromycin dispensing in 2020. Surveillance of the antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae should be a priority to ensure the efficacy of the recommended therapeutic regimen for uncomplicated anogenital gonococcal infection.
Reports on the topic "Syndromic surveillance system"
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Lesesne, Sarah, Lucia Smith, and David Rein. Characteristics and geographic dispersion of syndromic surveillance systems in the United States in 2008. Research Triangle Park, NC: RTI Press, February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2010.rr.0013.1011.
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