Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Syndrome sein'
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Limpas, Yvon. "Le POEMS syndrome : entité particulière au sein des dyscrasies plasmocytaires." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25325.
Full textDI, MARCO JEAN-NOEL. "Le syndrome de kearns-sayre : situation actuelle au sein des mitochondriopathies." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX20005.
Full textBonnaud-Antignac, Angélique. "Etude des réactions psychologiques face au Syndrome Douloureux Post-Mastectomie : une approche intégrative." Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20054.
Full textDury, Alain. "Étude de la compartimentalisation de sous-populations de la Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein au sein de la cellule." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27704.
Full textFragile X syndrome, a monogenic disease linked to the chromosome X, is the first cause of inherited mental retardation. The syndrome affects about one out of 4000 man, and one out of 6000 woman. Fragile X is caused by the inactivation of the Fragile X Mental retardation (FMR1) gene, leading to the absence of its product, the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP). The absence of FMRP, an RNA binding protein, is believed to cause translation dysregulation and defects in mRNA transport essential for local protein synthesis and for synaptic development and maturation. It is accepted that FMRP possesses a nuclear localisation signal (NLS), and a nuclear export signal (NES), allowing the protein to enter the nucleus, and possibly to exit from it as well. However, available antibodies do not allow to study the nuclear localisation of FMRP. Thanks to a new generation of monospecific antibodies developed in our laboratory, we were able to study the cytoplasmic and the nuclear distribution of FMRP. I will therefore shortly develop the fate of cytoplasmic FMRP (cFMRP) in neurons, and I will characterise the nuclear FMRP (nFMRP) that has been sought after for many years. nFMRP consists in particular nuclear FMRP isoforms that localize to Cajal bodies, structures described more than a century ago by the famous neuroscientist Santiago Ramon y Cajal. Data presented here also raise doubts on the nucleocytoplasmic traficking model, which relies on very few evidence. The discovery of nFMRP could have great implication in the Fragile X domain, opening a whole new field of investigation on the role of FMRP in the cell nucleus, and therefore on the consequences of its absence in patients.
Leman, Raphaël. "Développement d'outils biostatisques et bioinformatiques de prédiction et d'analyse des défauts de l'épissage : application aux gènes de prédisposition aux cancers du sein et de l'ovaire." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC418/document.
Full textAnalysis of splicing defects is particularly complex. In addition to the diversity of physiological transcripts, nucleotidic variations can induce heterogeneous alteration of splicing. These variations, called spliceogenic variants, and their impact on splicing, can involve severe consequences on the individual phenotype.In this thesis work, we focused on three main aspects of the study of splicing defects: (i) the prediction of these splicing defects, (ii) the analysis of RNA-seq data and (iii) the role of splicing in interpreting the pathogenicity of a variant for the hereditary breast and ovarian cancers (HBOC syndrome).We optimized the current recommendations to identify spliceogenic variants within the consensus sequences of splicing sites. This work led to the publication of a new tool, SPiCE (Splicing Prediction in Consensus Elements), developed on 395 variants. SPiCE has the potential to be a decision support tool to guide geneticists towards these spliceogenic variants, with an accuracy of 94.4%. Then, we compared the tools dedicated to branch points prediction. For this purpose, an unprecedented collection of 120 variants with their RNA studies has been established in the branch point region. Thus, we revealed these prediction tools are able to prioritize variants for RNA studies in these hitherto poorly studied regions. To extend the predictions of spliceogenic variants beyond a specific motif, we built SPiP (Splicing Prediction Pipeline) tool. SPiP uses a set of tools to predict a splicing defect regardless of the variant position. Thus, SPiP can address the diversity of splicing defects with an accuracy of 80.21%, on a collection of 2,784 variants.The data from the RNA-seq are complex to analyze, as there are few tools to finely annotate alternative splices. Also we published SpliceLauncher tool. This tool allows to determine a wide variety of splicing junctions, independently of RNA-seq systems used. This tool also returns the results in graphical form to make interpretation user-friendly.Then we evaluated the role of alternative splicing in the clinical interpretation of a variant. The PALB2 gene, involved in HBOC syndrome, was used as a study model. Thus, we demonstrated that the alternative splicing of PALB2 is able of challenging the pathogenicity of certain variants. Collection of functional and clinical data is therefore necessary to conclude on their pathogenicity.Our work thus illustrates the importance of characterizing and interpreting splicing modifications to meet the current and future challenges of molecular diagnosis in human genetics
Le, Gall Anne. "Variabilite antigenique et genomique du virus du syndrome dysgenesique et respiratoire porcin. Relations phylogenetiques au sein des arterivirus." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NSARB093.
Full textDESHAYES, STEPHANE. "Le syndrome de de morsier kallmann ou dysplasie olfacto-genitale : revue de la litterature a propos de deux observations au sein de la meme fratrie." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN1M012.
Full textCouillault, Coline. "Hétérogénéité et mécanismes d’initiation de la réponse humorale dans les tumeurs du sein et de l’ovaire." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1051/document.
Full textB and plasma cells are rising as crucial cells in the immune surveillance of tumors, even though their pro- or anti-tumor role is still debated. We argue that this dual functionality of B cells could depend on the identity of tumor-infiltrating B cell subsets and/or by the nature of the antibodies they produce. With that knowledge, we showed that breast and ovarian tumors are usually infiltrated by memory B cells and plasma cells that express and/or produce mainly IgG or IgA. This last class of Ig in highly enriched in in situ carcinomas of the breast, corresponding to earlier tumors, and in 15-20% of invasive tumors, suggesting a differential role of IgG and IgA in tumor progression. IgA, that can be monomeric or dimeric in tumors, often target antigens that differ from those targeted by IgG. We also show that antigens targeted by IgA and IgG in the tumor are often involved in functions related to the development of tissues and DNA interactions, and can be share amongst patients and between breast and ovarian tumors, suggesting their importance in the anti-tumor immune response. In parallel, using tumors from patients suffering from a paraneoplastic neurological syndrome, we established that the concomitant induction of IgG PC and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in the tumor is associated wth amplifications and/or mutations in the genes of tumor antigens. These results highlight the importance of B cells and Ig in the anti-tumor immune response and give leads to look for new targets in immunotherapy
Martin-Blondel, Guillaume. "Migration et pathogénicité des lymphocytes T CD8 au sein du système nerveux central." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU30255.
Full textThe central nervous system (CNS) is considered as a unique immune-privileged environment allowing a basal immune surveillance under physiological conditions, and restraining potentially deleterious inflammatory reactions in disease states. Nevertheless, an immune response may develop in the CNS during infectious or inflammatory diseases. The inflammatory immune reconstitution syndrome affecting the CNS (neuro-IRIS) is a particular setting in which tissue damage may be due to the infectious agent itself, the immune response it has generated, or both. CD8 T cells are key players of the adaptive immune response involved in the pathogenesis of infectious or inflammatory diseases of the CNS. Our first aim was to clarify the role of CD8 T cells in the pathophysiology of IRIS that occurred in HIV-infected patients developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a severe demyelinating disease due to reactivation of the JC polyomavirus. Analysis by histology, immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy of PML-IRIS lesions shows the dominance of CD8 T cells, among which a cytotoxic subset engaged JC virus infected oligodendrocytes. During PML-IRIS, the CD8 T cell response is beneficial in controlling JC virus infection, at the cost of increased destruction of infected oligodendrocytes. These results illustrate the role of CD8 T cells in the clearance of a neurotropic pathogen, but also in the genesis of collateral tissue damage. We then developed a murine model of neuro-IRIS based on the transfer of naive CD8 T cells reactive to a neo-antigen selectively expressed in oligodendrocytes of lymphopenic mice. We show that lymphopenia is necessary but not sufficient to trigger CD8 T cell-mediated CNS tissue damage. Development of neuro-IRIS also requires the overcoming of regulatory mechanisms, and the presence of CNS danger signals. These findings underscore the conditions necessary for the development of CNS tissue damage in a setting of immune recovery. This mouse model will help to test therapeutic strategies relevant for HIV-infected patients suffering from neuro-IRIS, aiming to modulate the deleterious immune reconstitution, without dampening it. The development of CNS tissue damage implies the migration of encephalitogenic cells across the blood-brain barrier. Little is known about adhesion molecules involved in the migration of CD8 T cells to the CNS. Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies blocking adhesion molecules or their ligands, we show in a murine model of CNS autoimmunity that migration of CD8 T cells is dependent on the integrin a4ß1. We further suggest that VCAM-1 is probably not the only ligand for a4ß1, and that other molecules may be involved. The identification of additional molecules specifically implicated in the migration of encephalitogenic cell populations may raise the potential for selective control of their trafficking into the brain, preserving better preserve the immune surveillance of the CNS. Ultimately, our work based on observations of neurological inflammation in both animal models and Humans helps to increase the knowledge on the mechanisms of migration and pathogenicity of CD8 T cells in the CNS
Fagherazzi, Guy. "Facteurs alimentaires, composantes du syndrome métabolique et risques de cancer du sein et de diabète de type II dans la cohorte E3N." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718783.
Full textAdel, Kathryn. "Indice et charge glycémiques de l'alimentation et relations avec l'obésité et le syndrome métabolique au sein de l'étude des familles de Québec (QFS)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25199.
Full textMany high-carbohydrate foods common to Western diets have been shown to produce a high glycemic response, which may favor weight gain and metabolic syndrome (MetS), but associations between glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL) and obesity and MetS remain inconsistent. These associations were examined in the Quebec Family Study. GI and GL were positively associated with obesity, and an increase in GL over time was associated with gains in adiposity in women only. However, some associations were no longer significant when subjects with implausible reported energy intake (rEI) were excluded. GI and GL were generally not associated with MetS or its risk factors. Results suggest that GI and GL are associated with obesity in women, and that an increase in the GL of their diet is associated with gains in adiposity over time. They also reinforce the importance of considering implausible rEI in dietary surveys in relation to metabolic disease.
Dumas, Florence. "Analyse de l’influence des interventions thérapeutiques précoces au sein d’une cohorte de patients survivants d’arrêt cardio-respiratoire." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05S006/document.
Full textBackground: Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA), usually clinically described as “sudden death”, is the leading worldwide cause of death. Despite recent improvements in management of OHCA, the prognosis of these patients remains very poor, even in those who benefitted from a successful initial resuscitation. During the period of ischemia following the Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC), several pathophysiological phenomenons occur, characterizing the post cardiac arrest syndrome. Furthermore, different treatments, such as immediate coronary reperfusion or therapeutic hypothermia, are now implemented for the management of this syndrome in order to decrease the morbidities and the mortality involved during this period. However, the influence of these hospital interventions on prognosis is still debatable, since they have been assessed in very selected subgroups of patients.Objectives: The aim of our work was to assess the influence of these early interventions on the outcome of OHCA patients admitted alive in intensive care unit (ICU).Method: We set up an investigation cohort (starting in 2000) of OHCA patients, in whom a successful ROSC had been obtained and who were admitted alive in ICU. We gathered all demographic data, cardiac arrest circumstances, pre-hospital and hospital characteristics. We analyzed the different predictive factors of outcome using multivariate analysis, especially logistical regression.Results: Between 2003 and 2008, 435 patients without obvious extra-cardiac cause were included and benefited from an immediate and systematical coronary angiogram. We observed a recent lesion in nearly half of them. Detecting a cardiac etiology is very challenging even using simple predictive models including patient’s baseline characteristics and circumstances of the cardiac arrest. Moreover, other parameters, such as EKG patterns or cardiac biomarkers, did not seem helpful either. Indeed, these parameters had poor predictive values and consequently could not be considered as triage tools for these patients. Nevertheless, the immediate and systematical coronary angiogram, with percutaneous intervention if appropriate, was independently associated with an improvement of hospital survival (adjusted OR= 2.06 (1.16-3.66)), regardless of the EKG pattern.Between 2000 and 2009, 1145 patients were admitted and two third of them were treated with therapeutic hypothermia. Among them, 708/1145 (62%) had an initial shockable rhythm and 437/1145 (38%) presented a non shockable rhythm. On the one hand, after adjustment with other predictive factors, the therapeutic hypothermia significantly improved the good neurological outcome at ICU discharge (adjusted OR= 1.90 (1.18-3.06)). On the other hand, the influence of this intervention was not associated with prognosis on the “non-shockable” sub-group (adjusted OR=0.71 (0.37-1.36)). Among the undercurrent factors, which could minimize the benefit of this intervention, infectious complications in treated patients were common. The most frequent complication was early onset pneumonia, whose occurrence was significantly associated with hypothermia (adjusted OR= 1.90 (1.28-2.80)), even if its role on prognosis was not determined.Conclusions: Our findings support the international guidelines regarding the management of post-cardiac arrest, identifying the subgroups of patients who may benefit the most. These results encourage further prospective studies and randomized trials and bring helpful information in that way. Finally, ancillary analysis on an investigation cohort of hospital survivors suggests that protective
Dumas, Florence. "Analyse de l'influence des interventions thérapeutiques précoces au sein d'une cohorte de patients survivants d'arrêt cardio-respiratoire." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00711998.
Full textSznajer, Yves. "Etude des manifestations cardiovasculaires chez les patients présentant un syndrome de Noonan porteurs de mutation au sein du gène PTPN11: rôles des gènes de la voie de signalisation des MAP kinases pour les syndromes apparentés." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210210.
Full textAfin d’appréhender les implications possibles du gène PTPN11 dans la survenue des cardiopathies chez les patients porteurs de ces deux syndromes, nous avons conduit une étude chez 272 patients au syndrome de Noonan et une étude chez 19 patients porteurs du syndrome LEOPARD. Parmi la cohorte de patients atteints du syndrome de Noonan, 104 ont été diagnostiqués porteurs d’une mutation du gène (38%). Une prévalence de survenue de cardiopathies affectant les structures droites du cœur se dégage chez les patients identifiés porteurs d’une mutation avec une différence significative pour la SVP, une tendance est relevée pour le canal atrio-ventriculaire et la communication inter-auriculaire de type Ostium Secundum. L’absence de mutation est corrélée avec la survenue de cardiomyopathie hypertrophique et de cardiopathies du cœur gauche. Parmi les patients atteints du syndrome LEOPARD, il n’existe pas de différence statistiquement significative pour les patients porteurs d’une mutation ou non et/ou pour une cardiopathie particulière.
Toutes les mutations identifiées du gène PTPN11 sont des mutations ‘faux-sens’. Ce gène appartient à la famille des gènes codant pour une protéine tyrosyl phosphatase, SHP-2, ne possédant pas de récepteur trans-membranaire. Cette phosphatase est impliquée dans la voie de signalisation cellulaire des MAP (‘Mitogen-activated protein’) kinases dont l’expression est ubiquitaire et inclut le coeur. Depuis nos travaux, le concept de syndrome « neuro-cardio-facio-cutané » est établi puisque, à ce jour, 9 gènes (SOS1, RAF1, BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, HRAS, NF1, SPRED1 et SHOC2), tous impliqués dans la voie de signalisation RAS (voie des MAP kinases) sont identifiés. Un spectre phénotypique existe avec des signes communs mais aussi distinctifs chez les patients présentant le syndrome de Noonan, le syndrome LEOPARD, le syndrome de Costello, le syndrome Cardio-Facio-Cutané (CFC), le syndrome « Noonan-NF1 », le syndrome de Legius et le syndrome « Noonan/Multiple Giant Cell Lesion ». Nous rapportons enfin l’observation d’une patiente atteinte du syndrome CFC et porteuse d’une mutation (p.R257Q) au sein du gène BRAF ayant développé une cardiomyopathie hypertrophique.
Ces travaux de cohortes de patients au phénotype du syndrome de Noonan, du syndrome LEOPARD et cette dernière description d’une patiente au syndrome CFC ont permis de participer à la découverte de l’implication d’une voie de signalisation cellulaire dont l’origine génétique est maintenant démontrée. Les résultats de nos travaux réalisés depuis 2002 auront permis, avec les équipes travaillant sur le même sujet, d’orienter les investigations et les nouveaux projets de recherche qui étudient spécifiquement le rôle du gène PTPN11 dans l’embryologie du cœur. Les études des orthologues (zebrafish, murin et Drosophila) porteurs à l’état hétérozygote d’une mutation du gène PTPN11 permettent d’intégrer les anomalies phénotypiques et cardiaques observées. Ces études permettent de postuler les effets cellulaires produits par les mutations chez les patients atteints du syndrome de Noonan et chez les patients atteints du syndrome LEOPARD engendrant in vitro une activation de la phosphatase (effet « gain de fonction ») pour les premiers ou une réduction de l’activité phosphatase (« dominant négatif ») mais engendrant un effet gain de fonction in vivo. Nous discutons les connaissances acquises, les compréhensions obtenues et intégrées et traçons enfin les perspectives offertes par ces travaux.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Soukarieh, Omar. "Identification fonctionnelle et bioinformatique de nouvelles mutations d'épissage dans des gènes de prédisposition au cancer : implications en génétique médicale." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUES040.
Full textThis thesis is focused on the biological interpretation of nucleotide variations identified in genes associated with Lynch syndrome and hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, with a particular interest in their potential effect on RNA splicing. We confirmed that the number of splicing mutations, especially those affecting the splicing regulation, is currently underestimated by using functional assays based on the use of minigenes. This conclusion is based on the detection of a large number of splicing mutations from all single nucleotide variants reported in exon 10 of MLH1, a gene implicated in Lynch syndrome. Then, in order to help improving the interpretation of variants identified by high-throughput sequencing methods, we evaluated the predictive value of 3 new bioinformatics approaches dedicated to splicing regulatory elements. The comparative study of the scores obtained by these approaches with experimental data for a total of 154 exonic variants resulting from the compilation of datasets of 5 different exons, showed a good performance for the approaches based on the use of ΔtESRseq and ΔHZEI scores for predicting splicing regulatory mutations. These new approaches may be useful in stratification strategies exonic variations for functional splicing studies. The work accomplished in the second part of the thesis contributes to the reclassification of the variant BRCA1 c. 594-2A>C through a combination of genetic and functional data. This variation, located in an acceptor splice site and systematically in cis with the variation BRCA1 exon c. 641A>G, is considered pathogenic in the hereditary breast cancer and ovarian cancer. We showed that the BRCA1 allele c. [594-2A>C;641A>G] does not segregate with the disease, and that exon 10 skipping detected in patients carrying this allele is not due to c. 594-2A>C but to exonic variant c. 641A>G. Altogether, the data obtained during this thesis have important implications in the biological interpretation of variants in genetic diseases and their clinical classification
Minovés-Kotski, Mélanie. "Effets délétères de l’hypoxie intermittente associée au syndrome d’apnées obstructives du sommeil sur la croissance et la dissémination métastatique du cancer du sein : implication de la voie HIF1/VEGF/Endothéline." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2021. https://thares.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/2021GRALV001.pdf.
Full textObstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSA) is a prevalent disease characterised by the occurrence of repeated nocturnal episodes of apnea leading to recurrent cycles of hypoxia-reoxygenation called intermittent hypoxia (IH). Intermittent hypoxia is a chronic and systemic stimulus which is considered as the main factor responsible for the deleterious cardiovascular and metabolic effects induced by OSA. Recent clinicalstudies have showed OSA is associated with excess mortality due to cancer and preclinical studies have confirmed that OSA promote tumour development. In animals, exposure to intermittent hypoxia has been shown to promote primary and metastatic tumour growth, particularly in murin models of melanoma. To date, no study has evaluated the impact of intermittent hypoxia on growth and metastatic power of breast cancer in apreclinical study.The main objective of this thesis was to explore the impact of intermittent hypoxia on the development of breast cancer and to understand how the imbalance induced by intermittent hypoxia at the macro-environmental scale contributes to tumour development. Involvement of the endothelin pathway was evaluated by an ET-1 receptor antagonist.The experimental protocol was carried out on preclinical models combining a mouse model of orthotopic mammary tumour and two additional cell culture models. This mixed approach has been carried out thanks to the development of an in vitro device for cellular exposure to intermittent hypoxia.This cross-sectional work has shown that intermittent hypoxia induced by OSA leads to accelerated tumour growth and favours tumour dissemination in exposed animals and that this phenomenon involved the endothelin 1 pathway.Keywords: OSA, intermittent hypoxia, breast cancer, endothelin 1, macitentan, macroenvironment, preclinical studies
Meulemans, Laetitia. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de variations splicéogéniques à l'origine d'anomalies d'épissage en phase dans des gènes de prédisposition aux cancers : implications en génétique médicale Skipping nonsense to maintain function : the paradigm of BRCA2 Exon 12 Functional characterization of MSH2 variants resulting into in-frame splicing alterations." Thesis, Normandie, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NORMR008.
Full textToday, the major challenge in medical genetics is the clinical interpretation of nucleotide variants detected in a patient’s genome. In the context of a monogenic disease, the identification of the pathogenic variant allows the optimization of the medical care of patients and their relatives. Nonsense variations as well as those located at the canonical splice sites (IVS±1/2) are generally considered pathogenic. However, it is possible that a fraction of them induce in-frame splicing anomalies that can potentially result in the production of a functional protein. To test this hypothesis, we used as model systems two major cancer-predisposition genes: BRCA2, implicated in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome and MSH2, involved in Lynch syndrome. We took advantage of complementary experimental approaches to characterize the impact of this type of variants not only in RNA splicing but also at the protein level. Our study on BRCA2 demonstrated that a subset of IVS±1/2 and nonsense variants (i) induce in-frame skipping of exon 12 via the modification of splice sites or of splicing regulatory elements and (ii) are able to maintain BRCA2 activity though being hypomorphic. These data provide the first evidence, in a cancer-predisposition gene, that certain presumed null variants can bypass total loss of function due to their impact on splicing. Thus our findings call into question the pathogenic nature of these variants. In our study on MSH2 IVS±1/2 variants, we characterized three biotypes of in-frame splicing defects responsible for deletions or insertions at the protein level in different MSH2 functional domains: (i) exon skipping, (ii) deletions of exonic portions and (iii) intron retentions. All the MSH2 protein isoforms resulting from these spliceogenic variants were found to be inactive, thus confirming their pathogenic classification. Altogether, our findings highlight the need to exercise caution in the interpretation of putative pathogenic variants susceptible to induce in-frame splicing modifications. In this context, the combination of complementary experimental approaches assessing the biological impact at the RNA and protein level is essential for a reliable interpretation of this type of variants. Furthermore, our results stress the problem of the clinical interpretation of hypomorphic variants in cancer-predisposition genes
Tournier, Isabelle. "Mécanismes d'inactivation des gènes impliqués dans les deux formes majeures de prédisposition héréditaire aux cancers : la prédisposition aux cancers du sein et de l'ovaire et le cancer colorectal héréditaire non polyposique (HNPCC) ou syndrome de Lynch." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUE04NR.
Full textWarcoin, Mathilde. "Etudes de pathologies humaines atypiques associées à des défauts de réparation de l'ADN." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077123.
Full textInherited mutations in genes involved in DNA repair result in two différent pathologies. First, some mutations lead to severe pediatric diseases called "chromosomes breakage syndromes" such as ataxia-telangiectasia, the Nijmegen breakage syndrome and the ataxia-telangiectasia like disorder due to inactivation of the ATM, NBN/NBS1 and MRE11 gene respectively. These syndromes share some symptoms, including chromosomal instability, immune defect, radiosensitivity and a predisposition to cancer. Second, other alterations of some genes of the DlsfA damage repair pathway are responsible for an inherited predisposition to breast cancer. We screened adult and pediatric patients presenting some clinical features of those chromosomes breakage syndromes. In a family of two adult siblings, whose call sign was a hypofertility and an evocative cytogenetic we detected germline biallelic nonsense-mutations of the NBN gene. Hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation similar to that observed in the Nijmegen syndrome was found in these two patients. In a second family, the first case of a mono-allelic deletion of the RAD50 gene was identified in a young woman with isolated mild ataxia. Both genes encode proteins belonging to the MRN complex (MRE11/RAD50/NBN). This complex plays a role in the early response to DNA damage. These original observations demonstrate the existence of a new class of patients mutated in genes involved in the response to DNA damage. These adult subjects without developmental abnormalities, have hypomorphic variants of these genes that result in major defect of the DNA repair. In the context of infertility, cancer predisposition and unexplained hypersensitivity to radio / chemotherapy, abnormalities of these genes must be investigated
Levacher, Corentin. "Le déséquilibre ARΝ messager/ARΝ circulaire : nοuveau biοmarqueur en génétique sοmatique et nοuveau facteur de prédispοsitiοn en génétique cοnstitutiοnnelle?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMR045.
Full textCircular RNAs (circRNAs), produced by backsplicing, are an emerging new class of RNAs implicated in various diseases, including cancer. Through their multiple functions, circRNAs can modulate the levels of messenger RNAs (mRNAs), finely regulated linear transcripts. Given that a physiologically balance exists between these two types of transcripts, we hypothesize that a disruption in the levels of this circRNA-mRNA couple plays a role in tumorigenesis. To test this hypothesis, we developed SEALigHTS (Splice and Expression Analyses by exon Ligation and High Throughput Sequencing), an innovative technique for the simultaneous analysis of circRNAs and mRNAs. SEALigHTS is based on the design of probes at exon ends, enabling exploration of all exon-exon junctions. Briefly, after reverse transcription and hybridization of probes to complementary DNA, neighboring probes are ligated, and the number of ligations quantified using unique molecular identifiers and sequencing. As a first step, we analyzed tumor and adjacent normal breast tissue samples. Analysis of the splicing and backsplicing of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, involved in Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer syndrome (HBOC), revealed a significant decrease in the circRNA/mRNA ratio in tumor tissue compared to normal tissue (p = 1.6e-09 for BRCA1 and p = 4.4e-05 for BRCA2). In a second step, we studied the splicing and backsplicing of 23 colorectal cancer (CRC) predisposition genes in blood samples from 712 CRC-predisposed patients and 249 controls. The circRNA/mRNA ratio was found to be 1.93 times higher in patients than in controls (p < 2e-16). In a third step, we assessed the diagnostic potential of SEALigHTS by studying 44 CRC and HBOC genes. After validating the detection of splicing events for characterized variations, the analysis of prospective patients with SEALigHTS improved the diagnostic yield. This study has enriched our knowledge of the levels of the various linear and circular isoforms of the predisposition genes studied. Beyond their potential as biomarkers in breast cancer or CRC, the disruption of the circRNA/mRNA ratio raises questions about the involvement of circRNAs in somatic and constitutional genetics
Thery, Jean-Christophe. "Détection et contribution de variants rares constitutionnels dans les formes précoces de cancer du sein : Apports du Séquençage de Nouvelle Génération. Contribution of de novo and mosaic TP53 mutations to Li-Fraumeni syndrome Germline mutations of inhibins in early-onset ovarian epithelial tumors." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR111.
Full textDespite previous identifications of deleterious variants on BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2,RAD51C and RAD51D supporting the hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrom, and thecontribution of TP53 mutations in very early-onset breast carcinomas, a large fraction of patientssuggestive of Medelian disease remains without molecular diagnosis. In the past years,sequencing of the Human genome and next-generation sequencing offered major advances, inparticular in the field of genome variability and de novo variants.We applied these new tools and concepts in the context of very early-onset breastcarcinomas, in order to identify new molecular germline determinants. First, we dealt withsoustractive exomes, in parents - child trios, and succeed in the identification of a deleterious denovo variant in the INHBA gene, in the context of very early-onset of ovarian cancer. However, wehave failed with this approach in a second trio with an index affected by early-onset breastcarcinoma. We also tried a comparative exome sequencing approach in a remarkable pedigreewith multiple probands affected by early-onset breast carcinomas, without identification of ashared deleterious variant. Secondly, we used a home-made 201 genes panel assuming thatgenes somatically affected in cancers might be altered in inherited conditions. We analyzed acohort of very early-onset breast carcinomas, and identified a mosaic TP53 variation. Moreover,we identified some interesting candidate variants and observed a non-significant trend of rarevariants enrichment in the DNA repair pathway. Finally, we designed a specific TP53 gene capturein order to detect mosaic variants in pediatric cancers and very early-onset breast carcinomas.We confirmed the clinically significant prevalence of these alterations, which support TP53analysis in these conditions even in sporadic presentations
Bouarab, Chloe. "Modifications post-traductionnelles des histones au sein du circuit hippocampo-amygdalien déterminant le passage d'une mémoire de peur normale à une mémoire traumatique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0261/document.
Full textMemory alterations associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are a fundamental feature of this pathology. PTSD is characterized both by hypermnesia for simple salient trauma-related stimuli and amnesia for peri-traumatic contextual cues. In humans, this disorder is associated with hippocampal hypofunction and amygdalar hyperfunction, which may underlie such paradoxical memory pattern. However, neurobiological bases of PTSD, particularly at the molecular level, remain largely unknown. A behavioral model based on aversive conditioning was developed in mice by our team. This model allows the comparison between a normal, i.e. “contextualized” and adaptive, fear memory, and a PTSD-like pathological fear memory, i.e. “decontextualized” and focused on a salient cue of the trauma. Since specific epigenetic alterations have been involved in the development of contextual fear memory, our aim was the identification of the alterations in post-translational histone modifications underlying the development of traumatic memory instead of normal fear memory. Our results first reveal that normal and PTSD-like fear memory are associated with distinct acetylation/methylation profiles of histone H3 in the hippocampal-amygdalar network. Specifically, we show that, compared to normal fear memory, PTSD-like memory is associated with a switch from H3K9 hyperacetylation (marker of transcriptional activation) to H3K9 hypermethylation (marker of transcriptional repression) in hippocampal CA1, as well as a significant reduction of H3K27 trimethylation, which results in an increased transcription, in the lateral amygdala. Second, we show that the pharmacological manipulation of the acetylation/methylation balance of H3K9 in the hippocampus can prevent or promote the development of PTSD-like memory. Finally, a last series of experiments shows that (i) prenatal stress is a risk factor for the development of PTSD-like memory, (ii) which is associated with specific epigenetic alterations and (iii) that such vulnerability to stress can be transmitted to subsequent generations
Vezain, Myriam. "Implication des altérations de l'épissage de l'ARN dans les cancers héréditaires et dans l'amyotrophie spinale infantile." Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUES028.
Full textThis thesis deals with constitutional changes affecting RNA splicing in in two groups of genetics diseases: genetic predisposition to cancer and the neuromuscular disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). We developed minigene-based constructs functional assay to detect the effect on splicing of nucleotide variations of unknown significance. We applied this assay to the interpretation of mutations identified in the molecular diagnosis of genetic predisposition to colon cancer and to breast and ovarian cancer, and found that nearly 20% of the variation of unknown significance could be reclassified into splicing mutations. Some of these variants are located at a distance of consensus splice sites and can affect a splicing regulatory element. We developed a set of analytical tools to map these regulatory elements and to analyze them functionally. My work on SMA is in the context of clinical trials based on the correction of the defective splicing of SMN2 transcripts. We developed and validated a sensitive and robust method to determine mRNA expression from the SMN2 gene. The last part of my work describes the study of a patient with only two copies of the SMN2 gene and an unexpectedly moderate clinical phenotype (type III SMA). We showed that a rare mutation on both copies of the SMN2 gene of this patient enhanced inclusion of exon 7 into the mRNA of SMN2. The biochemical investigation of this variant has highlighted previously unrecognized aspects of the regulation of splicing of exon 7 of SMN genes
Santana, dos santos Elizabeth. "Contribution of the Missense and Non-Coding BRCA1/2 Variants for the Hereditary Predisposition and Response to Treatment of Breast and Ovarian Cancers Assessment of the Functional Impact of Germline BRCA1/2 Variants Located in Non- Coding Regions in Families with Breast and/or Ovarian Cancer Predisposition Non-Coding Variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Genes: Potential Impact on Breast and Ovarian Cancer Predisposition." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS027.
Full textOvarian and breast cancers are currently defined by the main pathways involved in the tumorigenesis. In hereditary breast/ovarian cancers (HBOC), tumors with BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants (PV) present an impairment of DNA repair by homologous recombination (HR). For many years, BRCA1/2 PV were only searched on germline DNA. Currently, this information is also searched at tumor level to personalize treatment. Even so, the reason of the inactivation of this pathway remains uncertain for most cases, even in the presence of HR deficient signature.Gathered evidence indicates that protein inactivating PV may not be the only mechanism of HR dysfunction. In this context, the main objective of this thesis is to identify alternative mechanisms of HR inactivation to improve both: genetic counseling and therapeutic response. For this purpose, we have attempted to contribute to non-coding and missense (other than premature stop codon) BRCA1/2 variant classification and searched for new biomarkers of therapeutic response to DNA damage agents in other HR genes.We identified germline variants in key transcriptional regulatory elements of BRCA1 and BRCA2, and demonstrated that part of them were functionally active and had additional arguments suggesting pathogenicity. We also explored molecular features of breast and ovarian tumors from BRCA1 variant carriers and observed a predominance of loss of the wild-type allele. Conforming to this evidence, we propose to incorporate LOH information, into the multifactorial model for BRCA1 variant classification. Finally, besides the enrichment of BRCA1/2 germline and somatic PV, we described alternative mechanisms of HR inactivation in a OC population presenting optimal response to platinum-based chemotherapy, including BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation and also mutations in other genes of HR pathway
Nawrath, Christian. "Arbeiten auf dem Schleudersitz Trainer werden, Trainer sein, Trainer bleiben." Landau Empirische Pädagogik e.V, 2006. http://www.vep-landau.de/VEPAktuell.htm#3-937333-39-8.
Full textGreco, Magali Leheup Bruno. "Les lipodystrophies à propos d'un cas de syndrome de Berardinelli-SEIP /." [S.l] : [s.n], 2005. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2005_ROUILLON_GRECO_MAGALI.pdf.
Full textMarcel, Virginie. "Régulation transcriptionnelle des isoformes de la protéine suppresseur de tumeur p53 tronquée dans leur région amino-terminale : impact des polymorphismes du gène TP53." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10088.
Full textThe TP53 tumour suppressor gene expresses several isoforms, of which Δ40p53 (lack of transactivation domain) and Δ133p53 (lack of both transactivation and part of DNA-binding domains). These isoforms inhibit p53 suppressive activity and have been shown to be over-expressed in cancers (breat and melanoma). In cancers associated with low TP53 mutation rate, these isoforms could be great candidates to inactivate p53. It seems important to understand the transcriptional mechanisms that regulate their expression. Δ133p53 is produced by an alternative P3 promoter within TP53. We showed that Δ133p53 is a p53 target gene. p53 transactivates the P3 promoter and interact with a response element within exon 4. Δ133p53 expression is correlated to other p53 target genes in response to genotoxic stress. In addition, Δ133p53 inhibits p53-dependent suppression of proliferation by inhibiting p53 DNA-binding activity. Δ40p53 is produced by alternative splicing: retention of intron 2 favours its translation while it avoid the one of p53. We showed that G-quadruplex structures are formed in intron 3 and regulate retention of intron 2. The TP53PIN3 polymorphism (16 bp duplication) is embedded within these structures and affects their locations leading to variation of mRNA expression of p53 and Δ40p53. In addition, we showed that this polymorphism is associated with acceleration of carcinogenesis in Li-Fraumeni syndrome, characterized by germline TP53 mutation (genetic modifier effect: difference of 19 years in mean age at first diagnosis of cancer between the two variants). The expression of p53 isoforms depends on different transcriptional mechanisms, suggesting different roles in the modulation of p53 suppressive functions. In addition to inactivate p53 in cancers, these isoforms could be the mediators of modifier effects observed for TP53 polymorphisms on mutant p53
Meyer, Juliane [Verfasser], and Josef [Akademischer Betreuer] Weglage. "Das Fetale Alkohol-Syndrom und seine Differenzialdiagnosen / Juliane Meyer ; Betreuer: Josef Weglage." Münster : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1138280097/34.
Full textAnstey, Alexander Vincent. "Characterisation of clinical and photobiological features of the photosensitivity seen in the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405562.
Full textFrumkin, Alexander [Verfasser]. "Entwicklung des Von-Willebrand-Syndroms und sein Einfluss auf Blutungskomplikationen bei Patienten mit verschiedenen nicht-pulsatilen linksventrikulären Kreislaufunterstützungssystemen / Alexander Frumkin." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1046832778/34.
Full textStuardi, Tracy. "The relative importance of traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis & treatment individualisation as seen through a study on irritable bowel syndrome." Thesis, University of York, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2138/.
Full textSeyd, Ceylan [Verfasser], and Josef [Akademischer Betreuer] Weglage. "Das fetale Alkohol-Syndrom und seine Differentialdiagnosen in Bezug auf das fetale Wachstum / Ceylan Seyd ; Betreuer: Josef Weglage." Münster : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1141906929/34.
Full textAl, Absi Antoun. "Role of the actin cytoskeleton in breast cancer cell resistance to natural killer cells." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ038/document.
Full textTumor immune evasion plays a central role in cancer progression and is a major hurdle to effective immunotherapy. In this Thesis, we examine the role of the actin cytoskeleton in breast cancer cell resistance to natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cell lysis. We found that resistant breast cancer cells escape from NK-cell attack through a rapid and prominent accumulation of actin near the immunological synapse, a process we termed the “actin response”. Our mechanistic investigations suggest that the actin response drives autophagosome polarization toward the immunological synapse and thereby facilitates the autophagy-mediated degradation of NK cell-derived cytotoxic molecules such as granzyme B. In addition, the actin response was associated with inhibitory ligand clustering at the immunological synapse, suggesting that it is a common driver of different immune evasion mechanisms. Taken together, our data lays the groundwork for therapeutic approaches aimed at interfering with the actin response and restoring an effective anti-tumor immune response
Mafort, Thiago Thomaz. "Avaliação da função pulmonar em indivíduos obesos ou com sobrepeso e síndrome metabólica antes, três e seis meses após a colocação de balão intragástrico." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9256.
Full textThis work aimed to evaluate if the use of intragastric balloon (IB) for a period of six months in obese patients or overweight and metabolic syndrome (MS) brings improvement in the parameters of pulmonary function, body fat distribution and MS. This is a longitudinal and interventional study with adults who underwent anthropometric measurements, serum biochemistry, pulmonary function parameters and the pattern of distribution of body fat before the IB installation, during follow-up of six months and after their withdrawal. In data obtained three months after the placing of BI we observed a statistically significant positive correlation between the capacity of diffusion and the percentage of whole-body fat mass (rs=0.39; p=0.05), gynoid fat mass (rs=0.41; p=0.05), and trunk fat mass (rs=0.42; p=0.01). It was also noted that, after three months of placement of BI, there was a significant reduction in the body mass index (BMI) (p=0.0001) and the maximal inspiratory pressure (p=0.009). We also observed a significant increase in the forced vital capacity (FVC) (p=0.0001), total lung capacity (TLC) (p=0.001), and expiratory reserve volume (ERV) (p=0.0001). At the end of the study it was observed that the TLC (p=0.0001), functional residual capacity (FRC) (p=0.0001), residual volume (p=0.0005), and ERV (p=0.0001) were significantly increased by IB. The BMI significantly decreased from a median of 39.1 kg/m2 at the beginning of the study to 34.5 kg/m2 at the end of the six-month period (p=0.0001). At this time, 31 participants (77.5%) no longer met the diagnostic criteria of MS. The parameters of body fat distribution also exhibited remarkable changes. The percentage of fat in all four investigated patterns of distribution (truncal, android, gynoid, and total) exhibited significant reductions (p=0.0001). Significant correlations were found between delta TLC and delta abdominal circumference (ρ=-0.34; p=0.03), delta FRC and delta BMI (ρ=-0.39; p=0.01), delta ERV and delta BMI (ρ=-0.44; p=0.005), and delta ERV and delta high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (ρ=-0.37; p=0.02). Significant correlations were also found between delta ERV and delta truncal (ρ=-0.51; p=0.004), android (ρ=-0.46; p=0.01), gynoid (ρ=-0.55; p=0.001), and total fat (ρ=-0.59; p=0.0005).
Rocha, ?rika Dantas de Medeiros. "Interven??o dietoter?pica em portadores de lipodistrofia generalizada cong?nita do Rio Grande do Norte." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13223.
Full textCongenital generalized lipodystrophy is a rare genetic disease with autosomal recessive inheritance characterized by the generalized absence of subcutaneous adipose tissue and insulin resistance. The aim of our study was to determine the profile of patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy (Berardinelli-Seip syndrome) through their clinical history, eating habits, and socioeconomic and cultural aspects; assess food consumption and nutritional status of the study group; propose and evaluate a diet therapy model associated to oral supplementation with zinc to help in the control and prevention of metabolic complications associated to the pathology. Initial assessment of food consumption indicated a voracious appetite in all the patients studied. The introduction of zinc reduced appetite, contributing to patient adherence to the food plan proposed. It was also observed that the proposed diet contributed mainly to glycidic control, specifically with respect to HbA1c. The nutritional status of the patients investigated was adequate in terms of body mass index (BMI), arm muscle circumference (AMC), arm muscle area AMA, but triceps skinfold (TSF) indicated serious malnutrition. Our study is unique in the literature and provides important information to the field of nutrition and to individuals with this pathology. Furthermore, it contemplates the interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary requirements of the Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
A lipodistrofia generalizada cong?nita ? uma rara doen?a gen?tica com heran?a autoss?mica recessiva caracterizada por aus?ncia generalizada de tecido adiposo subcut?neo e resist?ncia insul?nica. O nosso estudo objetivou conhecer o perfil de portadores de lipodistrofia generalizada cong?nita mediante hist?ria cl?nica, h?bitos alimentares, aspectos s?cio-econ?micos e culturais; avaliar o consumo alimentar e o estado nutricional do grupo estudado; propor e avaliar um modelo de interven??o dietoter?pica associada ? suplementa??o oral com o elemento zinco para auxiliar o controle e a preven??o de complica??es metab?licas associada ? patologia. A avalia??o inicial do consumo alimentar indicou apetite voraz comum em todos os portadores investigados. Com a introdu??o do elemento zinco, verificou-se redu??o do apetite contribuindo para a ades?o dos mesmos ao plano alimentar proposto. Observou-se, tamb?m, que a dieta proposta contribuiu, principalmente, ao controle do metabolismo glic?dico, especificamente, em rela??o ? hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c). O estado nutricional dos portadores investigados revelou-se adequado em rela??o ao ?ndice de massa corporal (IMC), circunfer?ncia do m?sculo do bra?o (CMB) e ?rea da massa do bra?o (AMB), e indicou desnutri??o grave em rela??o ? prega cut?nea do tr?ceps (PCT). O nosso estudo ? ?nico na literatura e traz contribui??es importantes ao campo da nutri??o e ? popula??o portadora desta patologia. Al?m disto, contemplou os requisitos de interdisciplinaridade e multidisciplinaridade exigidos pelo Programa de P?sgradua??o em Ci?ncias da Sa?de
Kanaan, Ahmad Seif [Verfasser], Kirsten [Akademischer Betreuer] Müller-Vahl, and Claudia [Akademischer Betreuer] Grothe. "Elemental and neurochemical based analysis of the pathophysiological mechanisms of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome / Ahmad Seif Kanaan ; Akademische Betreuer: Kirsten Müller-Vahl, Claudia Grothe ; Klinik für Psychiatrie, Sozialpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie." Hannover : Bibliothek der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1148773401/34.
Full textSchlüter, Amelie. "Veränderungen des Kohlenhydratstoffwechsels im Leben einer Frau und seine Bedeutung für den Frauenarzt." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15238.
Full textThe aim of this comparative review is to reveal the current standard of knowledge concerning carbohydrate metabolism in women. The study demonstrates the physiological changes in metabolism at various stages in a female life, from childhood and puberty, through menstruation and pregnancy and ending with the menopause, whilst also evaluating different causes and possible mechanisms that lead to aberrance in insulin resistance and insulin secretion and thereby potentially to glucose intolerance and/or type 2 Diabetes mellitus. In addition to presenting physiological alterations in glucose metabolism, this work also analyses changes generated by iatrogenic treatment such as oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy, as well as those caused by different pathologies like polycystic ovary syndrome or gestational diabetes. The results indicate a strong correlation between the female reproduction system and the carbohydrate metabolism. The interaction is influenced by the many very different factors. Before prescribing oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy in climacteric (especially during the treatment of infertility in PCOS), or examining patients, the gynaecologist needs to be aware of the fact that different phases in life along with sex steroids and connected changes in the reproductive system, might lead to severe metabolic diversifications. Special attention should be paid to an increased insulin resistance, associated with an augmentation in insulin secretion. Not only the metabolic syndrome, the simultaneous appearance of metabolic abnormalities (dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, adiposity, hypertonia), which holds a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, especially arteriosclerosis, but also the consequential increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the highly increased prevalence of adiposity, demand for a multidisciplinary collaboration between gynaecologists and internists.
Mattos, Danielle Cabrini. "Associação entre a distribuição da gordura corporal e os fatores de risco cardiometabólicos em crianças de seis a nove anos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2014. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/11982.
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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Considerando que a faixa etária de 5 a 9 anos corresponde a 11% do total de brasileiros, e o crescente aumento da obesidade na infância, há um número expressivo de indivíduos que, no futuro, estarão propensos a desenvolver alterações cardiometabólicas e, em última análise, sobrecarregar os serviços de saúde, comprometer a força de trabalho e elevar o custo da saúde pública no país. Assim, é de interesse para a saúde pública o estabelecimento de medidas simples para identificação precoce destes indivíduos. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a associação entre medidas de localização da gordura abdominal e os fatores de risco cardiometabólicos em crianças de 6 a 9 anos em Vitória, ES. Avaliou-se a circunferência da cintura (CC), a relação cintura estatura (RCE), o índice de conicidade (IC) e a relação dobra cutânea subescapular e tricipital (RDC). Os componentes da SM foram os propostos pela International Diabetes Federation (IDF) com pontos de corte ajustados para a idade. Aplicou-se o modelo de regressão logística multinomial. A prevalência de SM foi 2% e de excesso de peso 38,4%. A presença de pelo menos um componente da SM foi detectada em 35,8%. O IC mostrou-se um preditor independente na identificação precoce de pelo menos um componente da SM, a CC foi preditora da presença de dois ou mais componentes da SM, independente do sexo. A avaliação de medidas antropométricas da gordura abdominal na população infantil podem sugerir o risco potencial da presença de alterações cardiometabólicas isoladas e simultâneas prevenindo as doenças cardiovasculares, que são a maior causa de morte no Brasil.
Considering that the age group 5-9 years old corresponded to 11% of Brazilians, and the increasing childhood obesity, there are a significant number of individuals in the future are likely to develop cardiometabolic alterations and ultimately , overburden health services, compromising the workforce and raise the cost of public health in the country. Thus, it is of interest to public health establishment of simple measures for early identification of these individuals. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between abdominal fat measures and cardiometabolic risk factors in children aged 6 to 9 years in Vitoria, ES. We evaluated the waist circumference (WC), waist to height (WH), the conicity index (CI) and the relationship subscapular and triceps skinfold (RDC). Metabolic Syndrome (MS) components were the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) proposed with cut-off points adjusted for age. We used the model of multinomial logistic regression. The prevalence of MS was 2% and 38.4% overweight. The presence of at least one component of the metabolic syndrome was detected in 35.8%. The IC was found to be an independent predictor of early identification of at least one component of MS and WC was predictive of the presence of two or more components of MS, regardless of sex. The evaluation of anthropometric measures of abdominal fat in children may suggest the potential risk of the cardiometabolic alterations preventing cardiovascular diseases, which are the leading cause of death in Brazil.
Kaiser, Katharina [Verfasser], and Florian [Gutachter] Hannsmann. "Genotypische und phänotypische Charakterisierung des von-Willebrand-Syndroms Typ 1 und Typ 3 und seine Auswirkungen auf die Angiogenese in verschiedenen Organen in einem porzinen Modell / Katharina Kaiser ; Gutachter: Florian Hannsmann." Hannover : Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1224882970/34.
Full textRaad, Sabine. "Développement de nouveaux tests fonctionnels d'aide à l'interpretation des variants de signification biologique inconnue dans le cadre de prédispositions génétiques au cancer." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR079.
Full textThe identification of the constitutional mutation responsible for a genetic predisposition to cancer is essential to the clinical management of the patient and its relatives. With the implementation of high-throughput sequencing to the diagnostic routine of these pathologies, the challenge no longer lies within the detection of alterations but in their biological and clinical interpretation. While specific treatments are emerging, simple functional assays to help with the interpretation of the detected variants are needed. In this context, we used a functional test developed by our team to classify variations in the TP53 gene responsible for Li-Fraumeni syndrome and to understand the genotype-phenotype correlation in LFS patients. On the other hand, we assessed the relevance of a multi-omic approach (RNA-Seq and metabolomics) to discriminate wild-type cells from cells with a deleterious heterozygous mutation in TP53 or in the BRCA genes implicated in genetic predisposition to breast and ovarian cancers. Based on the transcriptomic data, a mathematical model has been developed to detect variants corresponding to deleterious mutations. Then we selected the most discriminating biomarkers and integrated them into a RT-MLPA functional assay dedicated to the p53 pathway. We finally adapted this test to be feasible on a simple blood test, without immortalization of the patient's lymphocytes
Mühlbayer, Jan Philipp [Verfasser], Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Halle, and Johann J. [Gutachter] Hauner. "Das metabolische Syndrom und seine Parameter bei Kindern und Jugendlichen : Eine 42-monatige Analyse der Interventionsstudie „Kinder und Jugendliche als Gesundheitsexperten – JuvenTUM Stufe 3“ / Jan Philipp Mühlbayer (geb. Birzele) ; Gutachter: Martin Halle, Johann J. Hauner ; Betreuer: Martin Halle." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1125626860/34.
Full textAlexandre, Hermine. "Évolution des syndromes de pollinisation et des niches bioclimatiques au sein des genres antillais gesneria et rhytidophyllum (gesneriaceae)." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18503.
Full textBackground: Gesneria and Rhytidophyllum (Gesneriaceae) are two genera endemic to the Antilles that underwent an important diversification and that present a great vari- ability in pollination modes with regard to specific floral traits. Hummingbird specialists harbour red tubular flowers while bat specialists and generalists have campanulate (i.e., bell shaped) flowers with pale colours. Bat pollination (excluding or not hummingbirds) evolved multiple times independently in this group. These plants are thus a good model to study the relationship between the evolution of pollination mode and ecological and species diversification. To understand these relationships, we studied the genetic basis of pollination mode transition and the link between pollination mode and bioclimatic niches diversification. Methods: We performed a QTL analysis to detect genomic regions underlying the floral traits involved in the pollination syndrome transition between Rhytidophyllum auriculatum (a generalist species) and Rhytidophyllum rupincola (a hummingbird specialist). Also, we analysed the consequence of pollination mode transitions (which represent the biotic part of ecological niches) on bioclimatic niches evolution in Gesneria and Rhytidophyllum. Then, we tested whether environmental changes can result in patterns of phylogenetic bioclimatic niche conservatism through time. Results: The QTLs analysis showed that corolla colour and nectar volume are both based on one major QTL, while corolla shape is determined by a more complex genetic architecture involving several unlinked QTLs. These Antillean Gesneriaceae were found to have a pattern of phylogenetic (bioclimatic) niche conservatism (PNC) and their niche evolution was found to be independent from pollination strategies. Overall, the plants were found to have relatively widespread bioclimatic niches. Finally, we partially confirmed the hypothesis that adapting to temporally variable environment might cause both species generalization and PNC pattern. Conclusion: Genetic independence of floral traits might have facilitated pollination syn- dromes evolution by reducing genetic constraints. However, the overlapping distribution of hummingbirds and bats do not represent an ecological opportunity that could explain re- peated evolutions toward bat pollination. However, environmental perturbations causing regular pollinator populations collapses could explain the advantage for plants to favour generalist strategies.
Oji, Melody Enyinna [Verfasser]. "Expression von Serin-Proteinase-Inhibitoren in der Haut : Vergleich von Netherton Syndrom mit Psoriasis vulgaris and atopischer Dermatitis / vorgelegt von Oji, Melody Enyinna." 2005. http://d-nb.info/974871648/34.
Full textBarros, Paula Cristina Fernandes de. "Como incluir os alunos com Síndrome de Bardet-Biedl numa turma regular? : como desenvolver as suas capacidades cognitivas?" Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/27667.
Full textInclusion is still a much debated issue nowadays so that it may provide a quality teaching to every student, even those who have different features. Therefore, students with special educational needs (SEN) must be given social and educational equality, not only to promote equal opportunities, but also to prepare them to the active life, that is, to the professional life. This report aims to answer the following question: uld you use so that the students carrying the Bardet- Biedl syndrome may keep /increase their cognitive abilities, in a regular teaching class? This essay claims to show that, by developing the suitable strategies, students can improve their abilities and overcome their difficulties / obstacles, when total blindness occurs. Finally, the student target of this essay has always been included in the reference class and has achieves cognitive improvements, although showing some lag in relation to their peers.