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Journal articles on the topic 'Synchrotron'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 22 June 2024

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1

Pérez, Serge, and Daniele de Sanctis. "Glycoscience@Synchrotron: Synchrotron radiation applied to structural glycoscience." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 13 (June 14, 2017): 1145–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.13.114.

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Synchrotron radiation is the most versatile way to explore biological materials in different states: monocrystalline, polycrystalline, solution, colloids and multiscale architectures. Steady improvements in instrumentation have made synchrotrons the most flexible intense X-ray source. The wide range of applications of synchrotron radiation is commensurate with the structural diversity and complexity of the molecules and macromolecules that form the collection of substrates investigated by glycoscience. The present review illustrates how synchrotron-based experiments have contributed to our understanding in the field of structural glycobiology. Structural characterization of protein–carbohydrate interactions of the families of most glycan-interacting proteins (including glycosyl transferases and hydrolases, lectins, antibodies and GAG-binding proteins) are presented. Examples concerned with glycolipids and colloids are also covered as well as some dealing with the structures and multiscale architectures of polysaccharides. Insights into the kinetics of catalytic events observed in the crystalline state are also presented as well as some aspects of structure determination of protein in solution.

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2

Guo, Gongrui, Martin R. Fuchs, Wuxian Shi, John Skinner, Evanna Berman, Craig M. Ogata, Wayne A. Hendrickson, Sean McSweeney, and Qun Liu. "Sample manipulation and data assembly for robust microcrystal synchrotron crystallography." IUCrJ 5, no. 3 (April 19, 2018): 238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252518005389.

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With the recent developments in microcrystal handling, synchrotron microdiffraction beamline instrumentation and data analysis, microcrystal crystallography with crystal sizes of less than 10 µm is appealing at synchrotrons. However, challenges remain in sample manipulation and data assembly for robust microcrystal synchrotron crystallography. Here, the development of micro-sized polyimide well-mounts for the manipulation of microcrystals of a few micrometres in size and the implementation of a robust data-analysis method for the assembly of rotational microdiffraction data sets from many microcrystals are described. The method demonstrates that microcrystals may be routinely utilized for the acquisition and assembly of complete data sets from synchrotron microdiffraction beamlines.

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3

Okita, H., F. Tamura, M. Yamamoto, M. Nomura, T. Shimada, P. K. Saha, M. Yoshii, et al. "Improvement of the longitudinal phase space tomography at the J-PARC synchrotrons." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2687, no. 7 (January 1, 2024): 072005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2687/7/072005.

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Abstract The longitudinal phase space tomography, which reconstructs the phase space distribution from the one-dimensional bunch profiles, is used in various accelerators to measure longitudinal beam parameters. At the J-PARC, an implementation of the phase space tomography based on the Convolution Back Projection method (CBP) has been used to measure the momentum spread of the injected beam. The method assumes that the beam distribution rotates without significant deformation during the synchrotron oscillation. Because of the nonlinearity of synchrotron motion with sinusoidal RF voltage, the method can be used only in limited situations such as small amplitude synchrotron oscillation. Algebraic Reconstruction Techniques (ART) in conjunction with particle tracking, which is implemented in the CERN’s tomography code, allows accurate reconstructions even for nonlinear large amplitude synchrotron oscillations. We present the overview of the application of the CERN’s tomography code to the J-PARC synchrotrons. The results of benchmarking are also reported.

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4

Liu, X. Y., H. J. Yao, Y. S. Yuan, Y. Li, Z. J. Wang, Y. Xiong, S. X. Zheng, and X. W. Wang. "Study on XiPAF-Upgrading Synchrotron Beam Loss." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2687, no. 6 (January 1, 2024): 062008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2687/6/062008.

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Abstract Xi’an 200MeV proton application Facility (XiPAF) is upgrading its proton synchrotron to a multi-ion synchrotron, which replaces H- stripping injection with multiturn injection scheme. New synchrotron’s vertical tune has been changed from 1.70 to 2.26, beam dynamics of new lattice is much different from the original proton lattice. Simulations has been performed with PyORBIT for beam loss study, with or without space charge effect. The main beam loss is caused by 3-order incoherent resonance νx + 2νy = 6, which is a structure resonance. Space charge and longitudinal synchrotron motion speed up the beam loss process.

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5

Ebrahim, Ali, Tadeo Moreno-Chicano, Martin V. Appleby, Amanda K. Chaplin, John H. Beale, Darren A. Sherrell, Helen M. E. Duyvesteyn, et al. "Dose-resolved serial synchrotron and XFEL structures of radiation-sensitive metalloproteins." IUCrJ 6, no. 4 (May 3, 2019): 543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252519003956.

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An approach is demonstrated to obtain, in a sample- and time-efficient manner, multiple dose-resolved crystal structures from room-temperature protein microcrystals using identical fixed-target supports at both synchrotrons and X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs). This approach allows direct comparison of dose-resolved serial synchrotron and damage-free XFEL serial femtosecond crystallography structures of radiation-sensitive proteins. Specifically, serial synchrotron structures of a heme peroxidase enzyme reveal that X-ray induced changes occur at far lower doses than those at which diffraction quality is compromised (the Garman limit), consistent with previous studies on the reduction of heme proteins by low X-ray doses. In these structures, a functionally relevant bond length is shown to vary rapidly as a function of absorbed dose, with all room-temperature synchrotron structures exhibiting linear deformation of the active site compared with the XFEL structure. It is demonstrated that extrapolation of dose-dependent synchrotron structures to zero dose can closely approximate the damage-free XFEL structure. This approach is widely applicable to any protein where the crystal structure is altered by the synchrotron X-ray beam and provides a solution to the urgent requirement to determine intact structures of such proteins in a high-throughput and accessible manner.

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6

Henderson, Richard, and Mejd Alsari. "Radiation Sources in Structural Biology." Scientific Video Protocols 1, no. 1 (June 6, 2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.32386/scivpro.000023.

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What is radiation damage? Are electrons more suitable than X-rays in structural biology? Richard Henderson talks about synchrotron radiation and how cryo-EM laboratories are being established at synchrotrons as national research facilities.

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7

Bohon, Jen, Rhijuta D'Mello, Corie Ralston, Sayan Gupta, and Mark R. Chance. "Synchrotron X-ray footprinting on tour." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 21, no. 1 (November 2, 2013): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577513024715.

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Synchrotron footprinting is a valuable technique in structural biology for understanding macromolecular solution-state structure and dynamics of proteins and nucleic acids. Although an extremely powerful tool, there is currently only a single facility in the USA, the X28C beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), dedicated to providing infrastructure, technology development and support for these studies. The high flux density of the focused white beam and variety of specialized exposure environments available at X28C enables footprinting of highly complex biological systems; however, it is likely that a significant fraction of interesting experiments could be performed at unspecialized facilities. In an effort to investigate the viability of a beamline-flexible footprinting program, a standard sample was taken on tour around the nation to be exposed at several US synchrotrons. This work describes how a relatively simple and transportable apparatus can allow beamlines at the NSLS, CHESS, APS and ALS to be used for synchrotron footprinting in a general user mode that can provide useful results.

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8

Martin-Garcia, Jose M. "Macromolecular Serial Crystallography (Volume II)." Crystals 12, no. 6 (May 26, 2022): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12060768.

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The successful adaptation of the serial macromolecular crystallography approach at most 3rd generation synchrotron facilities allows a fruitful synergy between synchrotrons and XFELs that have accelerated the access and impact of this approach to an even larger community [...]

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9

Benedetto, E., and M. Vretenar. "Innovations in the Next Generation Medical Accelerators for Therapy with Ion Beams." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2687, no. 9 (January 1, 2024): 092003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2687/9/092003.

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Abstract Modern hadron-therapy accelerators have to provide high intensity beams, for innovative dose-delivery modalities such as FLASH, pencil beams for 3D scanning, as well as multiple ions with radio-biological complementarity. They need to be compact, cheap and have a reduced energy footprint. At the same time, they need to be reliable, safe and simple to operate. Cyclotrons and compact synchrotrons are nowadays the standard for proton therapy. For heavier ions such as carbon, synchrotrons remain the most viable option, while alternative solutions based on linacs, FFAs or cyclotrons are being proposed. In this context, the European project HITRIplus studies the feasibility of an innovative super-conducting (SC) magnet synchrotron for carbon ions, with state-of-the-art multi-turn injection from a specially designed linac and advanced extraction modalities. A compact synchrotron optimized for helium ions, making use of proven normal-conducting technology, is also being designed.

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10

MIYAHARA, Tsuneaki. "Synchrotron Radiation. II. Synchrotron Radiation. 2. Optics for Synchrotron Radiation." RADIOISOTOPES 47, no. 1 (1998): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.47.79.

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11

Di Mitri, Simone. "One way only to synchrotron light sources upgrade?" Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 25, no. 5 (August 14, 2018): 1323–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160057751800810x.

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The last decade has seen a renaissance of machine-physics studies and technological advancements that aim to upgrade at least 15 synchrotron light sources worldwide to diffraction-limited storage rings. This is expected to improve the average spectral brightness and transversally coherent fraction of photons by several orders of magnitude in the soft- and hard-X-ray wavelength range, at the expense of pulse durations longer than ∼80 ps FWHM. This paper discusses the compatibility of schemes for the generation of sub-picosecond photon-pulse durations in synchrotron light sources with standard multi-bunch user operation and, in particular, diffraction-limited electron optics design. The question of this compatibility is answered taking into consideration the storage ring beam energy and the constraint of existing synchrotrons' infrastructure. An alternative scheme for the upgrade of medium-energy synchrotron light sources to diffraction-limited storage rings and the simultaneous production of picosecond-long photon pulses in a high-gain free-electron laser scheme are illustrated.

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12

Martin-Garcia, Jose M., Lan Zhu, Derek Mendez, Ming-Yue Lee, Eugene Chun, Chufeng Li, Hao Hu, et al. "High-viscosity injector-based pink-beam serial crystallography of microcrystals at a synchrotron radiation source." IUCrJ 6, no. 3 (April 5, 2019): 412–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205225251900263x.

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Since the first successful serial crystallography (SX) experiment at a synchrotron radiation source, the popularity of this approach has continued to grow showing that third-generation synchrotrons can be viable alternatives to scarce X-ray free-electron laser sources. Synchrotron radiation flux may be increased ∼100 times by a moderate increase in the bandwidth (`pink beam' conditions) at some cost to data analysis complexity. Here, we report the first high-viscosity injector-based pink-beam SX experiments. The structures of proteinase K (PK) and A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) were determined to resolutions of 1.8 and 4.2 Å using 4 and 24 consecutive 100 ps X-ray pulse exposures, respectively. Strong PK data were processed using existing Laue approaches, while weaker A2AAR data required an alternative data-processing strategy. This demonstration of the feasibility presents new opportunities for time-resolved experiments with microcrystals to study structural changes in real time at pink-beam synchrotron beamlines worldwide.

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13

Bucciarelli, Saskia, Søren Roi Midtgaard, Martin Nors Pedersen, Søren Skou, Lise Arleth, and Bente Vestergaard. "Size-exclusion chromatography small-angle X-ray scattering of water soluble proteins on a laboratory instrument." Journal of Applied Crystallography 51, no. 6 (November 9, 2018): 1623–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576718014462.

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Coupling of size-exclusion chromatography with biological solution small-angle X-ray scattering (SEC-SAXS) on dedicated synchrotron beamlines enables structural analysis of challenging samples such as labile proteins and low-affinity complexes. For this reason, the approach has gained increased popularity during the past decade. Transportation of perishable samples to synchrotrons might, however, compromise the experiments, and the limited availability of synchrotron beamtime renders iterative sample optimization tedious and lengthy. Here, the successful setup of laboratory-based SEC-SAXS is described in a proof-of-concept study. It is demonstrated that sufficient quality data can be obtained on a laboratory instrument with small sample consumption, comparable to typical synchrotron SEC-SAXS demands. UV/vis measurements directly on the SAXS exposure cell ensure accurate concentration determination, crucial for direct molecular weight determination from the scattering data. The absence of radiation damage implies that the sample can be fractionated and subjected to complementary analysis available at the home institution after SEC-SAXS. Laboratory-based SEC-SAXS opens the field for analysis of biological samples at the home institution, thus increasing productivity of biostructural research. It may further ensure that synchrotron beamtime is used primarily for the most suitable and optimized samples.

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14

Pascolo, Lorella, Alessandra Gianoncelli, Clara Rizzardi, Martin de Jonge, Daryl Howard, David Paterson, Francesca Cammisuli, et al. "Focused X-Ray Histological Analyses to Reveal Asbestos Fibers and Bodies in Lungs and Pleura of Asbestos-Exposed Subjects." Microscopy and Microanalysis 22, no. 5 (September 13, 2016): 1062–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927616011685.

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AbstractAsbestos bodies are the histological hallmarks of asbestos exposure. Both conventional and advanced techniques are used to evaluate abundance and composition in histological samples. We previously reported the possibility of using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) for analyzing the chemical composition of asbestos bodies directly in lung tissue samples. Here we applied a high-performance synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (XRF) set-up that could allow new protocols for fast monitoring of the occurrence of asbestos bodies in large histological sections, improving investigation of the related chemical changes. A combination of synchrotron X-ray transmission and fluorescence microscopy techniques at different energies at three distinct synchrotrons was used to characterize asbestos in paraffinated lung tissues. The fast chemical imaging of the XFM beamline (Australian Synchrotron) demonstrates that asbestos bodies can be rapidly and efficiently identified as co-localization of high calcium and iron, the most abundant elements of these formations inside tissues (Fe up to 10% w/w; Ca up to 1%). By following iron presence, we were also able to hint at small asbestos fibers in pleural spaces. XRF at lower energy and at higher spatial resolution was afterwards performed to better define small fibers. These analyses may predispose for future protocols to be set with laboratory instruments.

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15

UJIHIRA, Yusuke. "Synchrotron Radiation. I. Synchrotron Radiation - Approach." RADIOISOTOPES 47, no. 1 (1998): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.47.56.

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16

Margaritondo, Giorgio, and Yeukuang Hwu. "Imaging with Coherent X-rays: From the Early Synchrotron Tests to SYNAPSE." Journal of Imaging 7, no. 8 (August 4, 2021): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging7080132.

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The high longitudinal and lateral coherence of synchrotron X-rays sources radically transformed radiography. Before them, the image contrast was almost only based on absorption. Coherent synchrotron sources transformed radiography into a multi-faceted tool that can extract information also from “phase” effects. Here, we report a very simple description of the new techniques, presenting them to potential new users without requiring a sophisticated background in advanced physics. We then illustrate the impact of such techniques with a number of examples. Finally, we present the international collaboration SYNAPSE (Synchrotrons for Neuroscience—an Asia-Pacific Strategic Enterprise), which targets the use of phase-contrast radiography to map one full human brain in a few years.

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17

Fernandez-Palomo, Cristian, Zacharenia Nikitaki, Valentin Djonov, Alexandros G. Georgakilas, and Olga A. Martin. "Non-Targeted Effects of Synchrotron Radiation: Lessons from Experiments at the Australian and European Synchrotrons." Applied Sciences 12, no. 4 (February 17, 2022): 2079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12042079.

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Studies have been conducted at synchrotron facilities in Europe and Australia to explore a variety of applications of synchrotron X-rays in medicine and biology. We discuss the major technical aspects of the synchrotron irradiation setups, paying specific attention to the Australian Synchrotron (AS) and the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) as those best configured for a wide range of biomedical research involving animals and future cancer patients. Due to ultra-high dose rates, treatment doses can be delivered within milliseconds, abiding by FLASH radiotherapy principles. In addition, a homogeneous radiation field can be spatially fractionated into a geometric pattern called microbeam radiotherapy (MRT); a coplanar array of thin beams of microscopic dimensions. Both are clinically promising radiotherapy modalities because they trigger a cascade of biological effects that improve tumor control, while increasing normal tissue tolerance compared to conventional radiation. Synchrotrons can deliver high doses to a very small volume with low beam divergence, thus facilitating the study of non-targeted effects of these novel radiation modalities in both in-vitro and in-vivo models. Non-targeted radiation effects studied at the AS and ESRF include monitoring cell–cell communication after partial irradiation of a cell population (radiation-induced bystander effect, RIBE), the response of tissues outside the irradiated field (radiation-induced abscopal effect, RIAE), and the influence of irradiated animals on non-irradiated ones in close proximity (inter-animal RIBE). Here we provide a summary of these experiments and perspectives on their implications for non-targeted effects in biomedical fields.

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18

Peter, William, and Anthony L. Peratt. "Thermalization of synchrotron radiation from field-aligned currents." Laser and Particle Beams 6, no. 3 (August 1988): 493–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600005413.

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Three-dimensional plasma simulations of interacting galactic-dimensioned current filaments show bursts of synchroton radiation of energy density 1·2 ×10−13 erg/cm3 which can be compared with the measured cosmic microwave background energy density of 1·5 × 10−13 erg/cm3. However, the synchrotron emission observed in the simulations is not blackbody. In this paper, we analyze the absorption of the synchrotron emission by the current filaments themselves (i.e., self-absorption) in order to investigate the thermalization of the emitted radiation. It is found that a large number of current filaments (>1031) are needed to make the radiation spectrum blackbody up to the observed measured frequency of 100 GHz. The radiation spectrum and the required number of current filaments is a strong function of the axial magnetic field in the filaments.

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19

Hellemans, A. "SYNCHROTRON RADIATION:France Takes Share in British Synchrotron." Science 285, no. 5429 (August 6, 1999): 819b—819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.285.5429.819b.

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20

IIDA, Atsuo. "Synchrotron Radiation. III. Measurement by Synchrotron Radiation. 6. Synchrotron X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry." RADIOISOTOPES 47, no. 4 (1998): 336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.47.336.

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21

HIRANO, Tatsumi. "Synchrotron Radiation. III. Measurement by Synchrotron Radiation. 10. Computed Tomography Using Synchrotron Radiation." RADIOISOTOPES 47, no. 5 (1998): 446–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.47.446.

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22

TANAKA, Hitoshi. "Synchrotron Radiation. II. Synchrotron Radiation. 1. Accelerators Operated as a Synchrotron Radiation Source." RADIOISOTOPES 47, no. 1 (1998): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.47.66.

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23

Hirosawa, Ichiro. "Synchrotron Radiation as Analytical Tools for Industrial Materials ～Synchrotron Radiation and Synchrotron Facilities～." Materia Japan 58, no. 7 (July 1, 2019): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia.58.391.

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24

Braun, Artur. "Just for us?" Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 22, no. 5 (August 4, 2015): 1327–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577515013818.

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It is a regrettable decision by Karlsruhe Institute of Technology that ANKA, the Angströmquelle Karlsruhe, is terminating its external synchrotron user support program. ANKA has an excellent performance review grading sheet and has been a valuable source and resource to international users for over a decade. There is concern among users that ANKA's decision could become an example for other synchrotrons as well.

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25

NAKAGAWA, Atsushi. "Synchrotron Radiation." Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 54, no. 5 (1996): 384–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.54.384.

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26

Ternov, I. M. "Synchrotron radiation." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 165, no. 4 (1995): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0165.199504c.0429.

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27

HARA, MASAHIRO. "Synchrotron radiation." Review of Laser Engineering 21, no. 1 (1993): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2184/lsj.21.126.

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28

Winick, Herman. "Synchrotron Radiation." Scientific American 257, no. 5 (November 1987): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1187-88.

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29

Hofmann, A. "Synchrotron Radiation." Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology 01, no. 01 (January 2008): 121–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793626808000071.

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The physics of synchrotron radiation, undulator radiation, and free electron lasers is reviewed with an emphasis on the underlying physical principles and the experimental observables, such as the radiation spectrum, angular distribution, and radiation polarization.

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30

Swinbanks, David. "Synchrotron city." Nature 336, no. 6200 (December 1988): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/336613d0.

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31

Bunker, G. "Synchrotron Collaboration." Science 279, no. 5349 (January 16, 1998): 302f—302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.279.5349.302f.

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32

NISHINO, Takashi. "Synchrotron Radiation." Kobunshi 55, no. 4 (2006): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.55.285.

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33

Ternov, I. M. "Synchrotron radiation." Physics-Uspekhi 38, no. 4 (April 30, 1995): 409–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/pu1995v038n04abeh000082.

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34

Feder, Toni. "Canadian synchrotron." Physics Today 58, no. 11 (November 2005): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4796800.

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35

Dickman, Steven. "Synchrotron budget." Nature 331, no. 6154 (January 1988): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/331293c0.

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36

FREEMANTL, MICHAEL. "UNIQUE SYNCHROTRON." Chemical & Engineering News 85, no. 6 (February 5, 2007): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v085n006.p028.

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37

Takayama, Ken, and Junichi Kishiro. "Induction synchrotron." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 451, no. 1 (August 2000): 304–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(00)00557-x.

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38

Hendrickson, W. "Synchrotron crystallography." Trends in Biochemical Sciences 25, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 637–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0968-0004(00)01721-7.

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39

Kapadia, Phiroze. "Synchrotron Radiation." Optics & Laser Technology 36, no. 6 (September 2004): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2004.02.010.

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40

Horiuchi, Noriaki. "Synchrotron alternative." Nature Photonics 5, no. 10 (September 30, 2011): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2011.244.

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41

ISHII, Takehiko. "Synchrotron Radiation Spectroscopy I. Properties of Synchrotron Radiation." Journal of the Spectroscopical Society of Japan 35, no. 1 (1986): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5111/bunkou.35.82.

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42

Ghisellini, G., and R. Svensson. "The synchrotron and cyclo-synchrotron absorption cross-section." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 252, no. 3 (October 1, 1991): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/252.3.313.

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43

Morgan, Kaye Susannah, David Parsons, Patricia Cmielewski, Alexandra McCarron, Regine Gradl, Nigel Farrow, Karen Siu, et al. "Methods for dynamic synchrotron X-ray respiratory imaging in live animals." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 164–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577519014863.

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Small-animal physiology studies are typically complicated, but the level of complexity is greatly increased when performing live-animal X-ray imaging studies at synchrotron and compact light sources. This group has extensive experience in these types of studies at the SPring-8 and Australian synchrotrons, as well as the Munich Compact Light Source. These experimental settings produce unique challenges. Experiments are always performed in an isolated radiation enclosure not specifically designed for live-animal imaging. This requires equipment adapted to physiological monitoring and test-substance delivery, as well as shuttering to reduce the radiation dose. Experiment designs must also take into account the fixed location, size and orientation of the X-ray beam. This article describes the techniques developed to overcome the challenges involved in respiratory X-ray imaging of live animals at synchrotrons, now enabling increasingly sophisticated imaging protocols.

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44

Daniel, Ed, Mirko M. Maksimainen, Neil Smith, Ville Ratas, Ekaterina Biterova, Sudarshan N. Murthy, M. Tanvir Rahman, et al. "IceBear: an intuitive and versatile web application for research-data tracking from crystallization experiment to PDB deposition." Acta Crystallographica Section D Structural Biology 77, no. 2 (January 26, 2021): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2059798320015223.

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The web-based IceBear software is a versatile tool to monitor the results of crystallization experiments and is designed to facilitate supervisor and student communications. It also records and tracks all relevant information from crystallization setup to PDB deposition in protein crystallography projects. Fully automated data collection is now possible at several synchrotrons, which means that the number of samples tested at the synchrotron is currently increasing rapidly. Therefore, the protein crystallography research communities at the University of Oulu, Weizmann Institute of Science and Diamond Light Source have joined forces to automate the uploading of sample metadata to the synchrotron. In IceBear, each crystal selected for data collection is given a unique sample name and a crystal page is generated. Subsequently, the metadata required for data collection are uploaded directly to the ISPyB synchrotron database by a shipment module, and for each sample a link to the relevant ISPyB page is stored. IceBear allows notes to be made for each sample during cryocooling treatment and during data collection, as well as in later steps of the structure determination. Protocols are also available to aid the recycling of pins, pucks and dewars when the dewar returns from the synchrotron. The IceBear database is organized around projects, and project members can easily access the crystallization and diffraction metadata for each sample, as well as any additional information that has been provided via the notes. The crystal page for each sample connects the crystallization, diffraction and structural information by providing links to the IceBear drop-viewer page and to the ISPyB data-collection page, as well as to the structure deposited in the Protein Data Bank.

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Monteiro, Diana C. F., David von Stetten, Claudia Stohrer, Marta Sans, Arwen R. Pearson, Gianluca Santoni, Peter van der Linden, and Martin Trebbin. "3D-MiXD: 3D-printed X-ray-compatible microfluidic devices for rapid, low-consumption serial synchrotron crystallography data collection in flow." IUCrJ 7, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252519016865.

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Serial crystallography has enabled the study of complex biological questions through the determination of biomolecular structures at room temperature using low X-ray doses. Furthermore, it has enabled the study of protein dynamics by the capture of atomically resolved and time-resolved molecular movies. However, the study of many biologically relevant targets is still severely hindered by high sample consumption and lengthy data-collection times. By combining serial synchrotron crystallography (SSX) with 3D printing, a new experimental platform has been created that tackles these challenges. An affordable 3D-printed, X-ray-compatible microfluidic device (3D-MiXD) is reported that allows data to be collected from protein microcrystals in a 3D flow with very high hit and indexing rates, while keeping the sample consumption low. The miniaturized 3D-MiXD can be rapidly installed into virtually any synchrotron beamline with only minimal adjustments. This efficient collection scheme in combination with its mixing geometry paves the way for recording molecular movies at synchrotrons by mixing-triggered millisecond time-resolved SSX.

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Walters, A. C., L. Alianelli, H. Wang, M. D. Watson, C. Cacho, C. Nicklin, and K. Sawhney. "An analytical approach to designing a future Nano-ARPES beamline for Diamond-II." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2380, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2380/1/012039.

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Abstract Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is a powerful method for measuring the electronic band structure of solids. Diamond Light Source is planning to build a multibend-achromat (MBA) synchrotron – Diamond-II - which will provide an almost diffraction-limited photon source in the vacuum-ultraviolet photon energy range. The improved emittance and higher coherence of MBA synchrotrons means that samples with features smaller than 1 µm can be readily studied using ARPES, provided the beamline is designed to take full advantage of the new photon source. We have developed an analytical method for optimising the optical design of a future Nano-ARPES beamline for Diamond-II. Our method enables one to explore large regions of parameter space for a beamline design in an unbiased and systematic way, with minimal requirements on computing power. We believe that the analytical method presented here will be a useful tool for synchrotron beamline designers, as it allows many beamline characteristics to be simulated quickly while working within any practical limitations.

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OHTA, Toshiaki. "Synchrotron Radiation. III. Measurement by Synchrotron Radiation. 2. XAFS." RADIOISOTOPES 47, no. 3 (1998): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.47.233.

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Chen Jie, 陈杰, 叶恺容 Ye Kairong, and 冷用斌 Leng Yongbin. "Development of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility synchrotron radiation interferometer." High Power Laser and Particle Beams 23, no. 1 (2011): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/hplpb20112301.0179.

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Dumas, P., F. Polack, B. Lagarde, O. Chubar, J. L. Giorgetta, and S. Lefrançois. "Synchrotron infrared microscopy at the French Synchrotron Facility SOLEIL." Infrared Physics & Technology 49, no. 1-2 (September 2006): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2006.01.030.

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Lees, J. G., and B. A. Wallace. "Synchrotron radiation circular dichroism and conventional circular dichroism spectroscopy: A comparison." Spectroscopy 16, no. 3-4 (2002): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2002/280646.

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Conventional circular dichroism (cCD) spectroscopy is a valuable tool for secondary structure analyses of proteins. In recent years, it has been possible to use synchrotrons as light sources for CD, with the technique being known as Synchrotron Radiation Circular Dichroism (SRCD). In this study, the spectra of two proteins, the primarily helical myoglobin and the primarily beta‒sheet concanavalin A, have been collected on both a cCD instrument and on the SRCD at the Daresbury synchrotron and their characteristics were compared. Over the wavelength regions where both instruments are capable of making measurements (from about 300 to 175 nm) the spectra are very similar, except at the low wavelength extreme of the cCD spectra. In this region, the spectra deviate somewhat, due to the limitations of the light source intensity in the conventional instrument. The SRCD spectra extend to much lower wavelengths (160 nm). This additional low wavelength vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) data contains a large amount of extra information, including, for the first time, a number of peaks consistent with previously predicted charge transfer transitions.

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